2022年考研考博-考博英語-東北大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)32

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-東北大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Afterfouryearsinthesamejob,hisenthusiasmfinally（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.deteriorated

B.dispersed

C.dissipated

D.drained

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)deteriorate“惡化，變壞”；B選項(xiàng)disperse“分散；消散”；C選項(xiàng)dissipate“驅(qū)散；放蕩”；D選項(xiàng)drain“逐漸消失；流干”。句意：在做同樣的工作四年后，他的激情逐漸消失了。根據(jù)句意可知D選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Thechildren’shystericalcrying（）thewomandoctorfromcompletingtheexamination.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.forbade

B.refrained

C.hindered

D.restricted

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)forbid“禁止；不允許”；B選項(xiàng)refrain“克制；避免；制止”；C選項(xiàng)hinder“阻止；打擾”；D選項(xiàng)restrict“限制；約束”。句意：這些孩子們歇斯底里的哭泣阻止這位女醫(yī)生完成這個(gè)檢查。結(jié)合句意判斷出選項(xiàng)C正確。

3.單選題

Thewomantrippedovertheunevenpavementand（）herelbow.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.distorted

B.dislodged

C.disabled

D.dislocated

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)distort“扭曲；使失真；曲解”；B選項(xiàng)dislodge“逐出，驅(qū)逐；用力移動(dòng)”；C選項(xiàng)disable“使失去能力；使殘廢；使無資格”；D選項(xiàng)dislocate“使脫臼；使混亂”。句意：這位婦女絆倒在這個(gè)不平坦的人行道上，結(jié)果使自己的肘部脫臼。結(jié)合此處句意，判斷出D選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Thestreetperformerwassobadwehadto（）him,butdidwehavetothrowtherottentomatoesathishead?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.jeer

B.dissolve

C.adjourn

D.guarantee

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)jeer“嘲笑；戲弄”；B選項(xiàng)dissolve“使溶解；使分解；使液化”；C選項(xiàng)adjourn“推遲；使……中止”；D選項(xiàng)guarantee“保證；擔(dān)?！薄＞湟猓航诸^藝人的表演是如此糟糕，所以我們不得不嘲笑他，但是我們不得不向他的頭扔腐爛的西紅柿嗎？結(jié)合句意，A選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Insurancecompaniesprovideaservicetothecommunitybyprotectingitagainstexpectedandunexpecteddisasters.Beforeaninsurancecompanywillagreetoinsureanything,itcollectsaccuratefiguresabouttherisk.Itknows,forexample,thattheriskofamanbeingkilledinaplaneaccidentislessthantheriskhetakesincrossingabusyroad.Thisenablesittoquote（報(bào)價(jià)）lowfiguresfortravelinsurance.Sometimestheriskmaybehigh,asinmotor-racingormountaineering.Thenthecompanychargesamuchhigherprice.Iftoomanyclimbershaveaccidents,thepricerisesstillfurther.Ifthemajorityofclimbersfalloffmountains,thecompanywillrefusetoinsurethem.

Anordinaryhouseholdermaywishtoprotecthishomeagainstfireorhispropertyagainstburglary.Ashop-keepermaywishtoinsureagainsttheft.Innormalcases,thecompanywillcheckitsstatisticsandquoteapremium（保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)）.Ifitissuspicious,itmayrefusetoquote.Ifitinsuresashopandthenreceivesasuspiciousclaim,itwillinvestigatetheclaimasameansofprotectingitselfagainstfalseclaims.Itisnotunknownforabusinessmanindebttoburndownhisownpremises（房產(chǎn)）sothathecanclaimmuchmoneyfromhisinsurancecompany.Hecanbesurethatthefirewillbeinvestigatedmostcarefully.Insurancecompaniesalsoacceptinsuranceagainstshipwreckordisasterintheair.Planesandshipsareveryexpensive,soalargepremiumischarged,butareductionisgiventocompanieswithanaccident-freerecord.

Everyweekinsurancecompaniesreceivepremiumpaymentsfromcustomers.Thesepaymentscanformaverylargetotalrunningintomillionsofdollars.Thecompanydoesnotleavethemoneyinthebank.Itinvestsinproperty,shares,farmsandevenantiquepaintingsandstamps.Itsaimistoobtainthebestpossiblereturnonitsinvestment.Thisisnotasgreedyasitmayseem,sincethisisonewaybywhichitcankeepitspremiumsdownandcontinuetomakeaprofitwhilebeingofservicetothecommunity.

1.Accordingtothefirstparagraphinthepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

2.Theword“quote”（Line3,Paragraph2）mostprobablymeans（）.

3.Fromthepassage,weknowthatifaccidentswillhappenninetimesoutoftenormore,theinsurancecompanywill（）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,ifanairplanehasanaccident-freerecord,itusuallypaystotheinsurancecompany（）.

5.WhichofthefollowingwilltheinsurancecompanyNOTprovideinsuranceservicefor?

6.Howdoinsurancecompaniesmakeprofit?

7.Themainideaofthelastparagraphis（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Apassengerbyairwilltakelessriskofbeingkilledthanamancrossingabusyroad.

B.Apassengerbyairwilltakegreaterriskofbeingkilledthanamancrossingabusyroad.

C.Apassengerbyairwillhavetopaymoretotheinsurancecompanythanamountainclimber.

D.Amotoristshouldpaythehighestpricetotheinsurancecompany.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.receive

B.accept

C.take

D.offer

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.giveamuchhigherprice

B.quotethehighestprice

C.notprovideinsuranceservice

D.chargealowerpremium

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.alargepremium

B.lesspremium

C.nopremium

D.thesamepremiumastheothercompanies

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Mountaineers.

B.Ordinaryhouseholders.

C.Airlineswithanaccidentfreerecord.

D.Shopkeeperswithsuspiciousstatisticalrecords.

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.Byreceivingpremiumpaymentsfromcustomers.

B.Bychargingcommissiontocustomers.

C.Byinvestinginsomeindustriesandproducts.

D.Byprovidingservices.

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.thattheinsurancecompanyisgreedyofprofit

B.thattheinsurancecompanymakeslargesumofmoneyeveryweek

C.thattheinsurancecompanymakesagreatprofitbyinvestingitsmoneyindifferentitem

D.toshowtheinsurancecompanymakesuseofitsincomeandthereasonwhyitshoulddoso

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:D

第6題:C

第7題:D

【解析】1.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。A：一名空中乘客被殺害的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)小于橫穿交通繁忙的馬路的行人。B：乘飛機(jī)的乘客比穿越繁忙道路的人面臨更大的死亡風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。第一段指出：Itknows,forexample,thattheriskofamanbeingkilledinaplaneaccidentislessthantheriskhetakesincrossingabusyroad.（例如，它知道一個(gè)人在飛機(jī)事故中喪生的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)要小于他穿過一條繁忙的馬路所冒的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)）。因此A項(xiàng)正確，B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。C：一名空中乘客必須比一名爬山者向保險(xiǎn)公司支付更高的保費(fèi)。第一段指出：Sometimestheriskmaybehigh,asinmotor-racingormountaineering（有時(shí)候，風(fēng)險(xiǎn)可能很高，就像在賽車或登山運(yùn)動(dòng)中的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)）。由此可知，賽車或登山運(yùn)動(dòng)中的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)比前面提到的空中遇難要高，C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。D：賽車手應(yīng)該向保險(xiǎn)公司支付最高的保費(fèi)。文章并未提及此項(xiàng)。因此本題選A。

2.【試題解析】詞義題。對(duì)于“quote”的理解可參考此句：Innormalcases,thecompanywillcheckitsstatisticsandquoteapremium（保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)）.Ifitissuspicious,itmayrefusetoquote.（通常，保險(xiǎn)公司會(huì)檢查它的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)并給出保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)的……如果情況可疑，它可能會(huì)拒絕報(bào)價(jià)）。由此可知，“quote”表示“開價(jià)，報(bào)價(jià)”，故選D。

3.【試題解析】判斷推理題。第一段指出：Sometimestheriskmaybehigh,asinmotor-racingormountaineering.Thenthecompanychargesamuchhigherprice.Iftoomanyclimbershaveaccidents,thepricerisesstillfurther.Ifthemajorityofclimbersfalloffmountains,thecompanywillrefusetoinsurethem.（有時(shí)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)可能很高，比如賽車或登山。然后公司會(huì)收取更高的價(jià)格。如果太多登山者發(fā)生事故，價(jià)格就會(huì)進(jìn)一步上漲。如果大多數(shù)登山者從山上摔下來，公司將拒絕為他們投保）。由此可知，如果事故發(fā)生率為十分之九或更高，保險(xiǎn)公司將拒保，故選C項(xiàng)“不提供保險(xiǎn)服務(wù)”。

4.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第二段最后一句指出：Planesandshipsareveryexpensive,soalargepremiumischarged,butareductionisgiventocompanieswithanaccident-freerecord.（飛機(jī)和船舶非常昂貴，所以保費(fèi)也很高，但是如果受保公司沒有事故記錄，保險(xiǎn)公司將減少保費(fèi)）。由此可知，如果航空公司沒有事故記錄，它通常會(huì)向保險(xiǎn)公司支付較低的保費(fèi)，因此B項(xiàng)正確。

5.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第二段指出：Ashop-keepermaywishtoinsureagainsttheft.Innormalcases,thecompanywillcheckitsstatisticsandquoteapremium（保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)）.Ifitissuspicious,itmayrefusetoquote.（店主可能希望投保防盜險(xiǎn)。一般情況下，公司會(huì)對(duì)統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行核對(duì)，然后追加報(bào)價(jià)。如有可疑情況，公司可能會(huì)拒絕報(bào)價(jià)）。

6.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。最后一段指出：Itinvestsinproperty,shares,farmsandevenantiquepaintingsandstamps.Itsaimistoobtainthebestpossiblereturnonitsinvestment.Thisisnotasgreedyasitmayseem,sincethisisonewaybywhichitcankeepitspremiumsdownandcontinuetomakeaprofitwhilebeingofservicetothecommunity.（它投資于房地產(chǎn)、股票、農(nóng)場(chǎng)，甚至古董繪畫和郵票。它的目的是獲得最好的投資回報(bào)。這并不像看起來那么貪婪，因?yàn)檫@是一種方法，使保險(xiǎn)公司能夠降低保費(fèi)為投保對(duì)象提供服務(wù)的同時(shí)繼續(xù)盈利）。由此可知，C項(xiàng)“通過投資一些行業(yè)和產(chǎn)品”正確。

7.【試題解析】主旨大意題。最后一段主要講的是保險(xiǎn)公司如何利用收取的保費(fèi)進(jìn)行投資、降低保費(fèi)繼續(xù)盈利進(jìn)而造福社會(huì)，因此D項(xiàng)“說明保險(xiǎn)公司利用其收入和為什么這么做的原因”比較符合最后一段大意。

6.單選題

Agoodrefereehastobe（）__intheoutcomeofafootballgame,orelsehemaytrytomakecallsthatfavoroneteamoveranother.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.contemporary

B.comely

C.disinterested

D.notorious

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)contemporary“當(dāng)代的；同時(shí)代的”；B選項(xiàng)comely“清秀的，標(biāo)致的”；C選項(xiàng)disinterested“無私的；公正的；冷漠的；廉潔的”；D選項(xiàng)notorious“聲名狼藉的，臭名昭著的”。句意：一位好的裁判在足球比賽結(jié)果上必須是公正的，否則他可能試圖去做出有利于一支球隊(duì)的裁定。結(jié)合句意，故C選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Itisfortunatewhenayoungman’scareergoalsandthewishesofhisparentsforhim（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.coincide

B.supervise

C.collaborate

D.collide

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)coincide“一致，符合；同時(shí)發(fā)生”；B選項(xiàng)supervise“監(jiān)督，管理；指導(dǎo)”；C選項(xiàng)collaborate“合作；勾結(jié)，通敵”；D選項(xiàng)collide“碰撞；抵觸，沖突”。句意：當(dāng)一個(gè)年輕人的職業(yè)目標(biāo)和他父母對(duì)他的希望一致時(shí)，那是幸運(yùn)的。結(jié)合句意，故A選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

One’sattitudetowardsjobhuntingwouldbe（）tohisprospects.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.critical

B.critic

C.crucial

D.criticized

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)critical“批評(píng)的，愛挑剔的；危險(xiǎn)的；決定性的”；B選項(xiàng)critic“批評(píng)家，評(píng)論家；愛挑剔的人”；C選項(xiàng)crucial“重要的；決定性的；定局的；決斷的”；D選項(xiàng)criticize“批評(píng)；評(píng)論；非難”。句意：一個(gè)人對(duì)找工作的態(tài)度對(duì)他的發(fā)展前景是重要的。故C正確。

9.單選題

Inanunfinishedbuthighlysuggestiveseriesofessays,thelateSarahEisensteinhasfocusedattentionontheevolutionofworkingwomen’svaluesfromtheturnofthecenturytotheFirstWorldWar.Eisensteinarguesthatturn-of-the-centurywomenneitherwhollyacceptednorrejectedwhatshecallsthedominant“ideologyofdomesticity,”butrathertookthisandotheravailableideologies—feminism,socialism,tradeunionism—andmodifiedoradaptedtheminlightoftheirownexperiencesandneeds.Inthusmaintainingthatwage-workhelpedtoproduceanew“consciousness”amongwomen,Eisensteintosomeextentchallengestherecent,controversialproposalbyLeslieTenderthatforwomentheworkexperienceonlyservedtoreinforcetheattractivenessofthedominantideology.AccordingtoTender,thedegradingconditionsunderwhichmanyfemalewageearnersworkedmadethemviewthefamilyasasourceofpowerandesteemavailablenowhereelseintheirsocialworld.Incontrast,Eisenstein’sstudyinsiststhatwage-workhadotherimplicationsforwomen’sidentitiesandconsciousness.Mostimportantly,herworkaimstodemonstratethatwage-workenabledwomentobecomeawareofthemselvesasadistinctsocialgroupcapableofdefiningtheircollectivecircumstance.Eisensteininsiststhatasagroupworking-classwomenwerenotabletocometocollectiveconsciousnessoftheirsituationuntiltheybeganenteringthelaborforce,becausedomesticworktendedtoisolatethemfromoneanother.

Unfortunately,Eisenstein’sunfinishedstudydoesnotdeveloptheseideasinsufficientdepthordetail,offeringtantalizinghintsratherthananexhaustiveanalysis.WhateverEisenstein’soverallplanmayhavebeen,initscurrentformherstudysuffersfromthelimitednatureofthesourcesshedependedon.Sheusesthespeechesandwritingsofreformersandlabororganizers,whosheacknowledgeswerefarfromrepresentative,asthevoiceofthetypicalwomanworker.Andthereislessthanadequateattentiongiventothedifferingvaluesofimmigrantgroupsthatmadeupasignificantproportionofthepopulationunderinvestigation.Whileraisingimportantquestions,Eisenstein’sessaysdonotprovidedefinitiveanswers,anditremainsforotherstotakeupthechallengestheyoffer.

1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（）.

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat,inEisenstein’sview,workingwomenattheturnofthecenturyhad

3.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheorganizationofthefirstparagraphofthepassage?

4.Whatdoestheword“tantalizing”(Line2,Para.2)probablymean?

5.WhichofthefollowingwouldtheauthorofthepassagebemostlikelytoapproveasacontinuationofEisenstein’sstudy?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.criticizeascholar’sassumptionsandmethodology

B.evaluateanapproachtowomen’sstudy

C.comparetwosociologicaltheories

D.correctamisconceptionaboutfeministtheory

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theyresentedthedominantideologyasdegrading.

B.Theypreferredthedominantideologytootheravailableideologies.

C.Theybelievedthatthedominantideologyisolatedthemfromoneanother.

D.Theyacceptedsomebutnotallaspectsofthedominantideology.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Achronologicalaccountofahistoricaldevelopmentispresented,andthenfuturedevelopmentsarepredicted.

B.Atermisdefinedaccordingtoseveraldifferentschoolsofthought,andthenanewdefinitionisformulated.

C.Atheoryispresented,analternativeviewpointisintroduced,andthenthereasoningbehindtheinitialtheoryissummarized.

D.Atentativeproposalismade,reasonsforandagainstitareweighed,andthenamodifiedversionoftheproposalisoffered.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.tempting

B.annoying

C.dubious

D.formal

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Atheoreticalstudyofhowsocialismandfeminisminfluencedoneanotherattheturnofthecentury.

B.Ananalysisoflettersanddiarieswrittenbytypicalfemalewageearnersattheturnofthecentury.

C.Anassessmentofwhatdifferentsocialandpoliticalgroupsdefinedasthedominantideologyintheearlytwentiethcentury.

D.Adocumentaryaccountoflabor’sroleintheintroductionofwomenintothelaborforce.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.【試題解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)題干可以定位到文章主旨句，在最后一段“Whileraisingimportantquestions,Eisenstein’sessaysdonotprovidedefinitiveanswers,anditremainsforotherstotakeupthechallengestheyoffer.”，中文翻譯為：盡管提出了重要的問題，但是Eisenstein的文章沒有提供確切的答案，它仍需要其他人去接受這些問題提供的挑戰(zhàn)?？梢耘袛嘀挥蠦項(xiàng)“評(píng)估了研究女人的一種方法”正確。

2.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干可以定位到原文第一段“Eisensteinarguesthatturn-of-the-centurywomenneitherwhollyacceptednorrejectedwhatshecallsthedominant“ideologyofdomesticity,”butrathertookthisandotheravailableideologies―feminism,socialism,tradeunionism―andmodifiedoradaptedtheminlightoftheirownexperiencesandneeds.”中文大意為：Eisenstein認(rèn)為世紀(jì)之交的女性既不完全接受也不完全拒絕她所謂的占主導(dǎo)地位的“家庭生活意識(shí)形態(tài)”，相反，她們接受這種意識(shí)形態(tài)和其他可用的意識(shí)形態(tài)，如女權(quán)主義、社會(huì)主義和工會(huì)主義，并且根據(jù)她們自己的經(jīng)歷和需要來修改或改編這些意識(shí)形態(tài)。D選項(xiàng)“她們接受了一些，而不是占主導(dǎo)地位的意識(shí)形態(tài)的所有方面”正確，符合題意。

3.【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞可定位到原文首段“Eisensteinarguesthatturn-of-the-centurywomenneitherwhollyacceptednorrejectedwhatshecallsthedominant‘ideologyofdomesticity,’butrathertookthisandotheravailableideologies―feminism,socialism,tradeunionism―andmodifiedoradaptedtheminlightoftheirownexperiencesandneeds.”中文翻譯為：Eisenstein認(rèn)為世紀(jì)之交的女性既不完全接受也不完全拒絕她所謂的占主導(dǎo)地位的“家庭生活意識(shí)形態(tài)”，相反，她們接受這種意識(shí)形態(tài)和其他可用的意識(shí)形態(tài)，如女權(quán)主義、社會(huì)主義和工會(huì)主義，并且根據(jù)她們自己的經(jīng)歷和需要來修改或改編這些意識(shí)形態(tài)，以及“...Eisensteintosomeextentchallengestherecent,controversialproposalbyLeslieTender…”中文翻譯為：在一定程度上，Eisenstein質(zhì)疑LeslieTender……最近提出的有爭(zhēng)議的提議，判斷C選項(xiàng)“提出一種理論，引出一種互斥的觀點(diǎn)，然后總結(jié)第一個(gè)理論背后的推理”，正確。

4.【試題解析】詞匯題。A:tempting“吸引人的”；B:annoying“討厭的；惱人的”；C:dubious“可疑的；曖昧的；無把握的；半信半疑的”；D:formal“正式的；拘謹(jǐn)?shù)?；有條理的”。題干關(guān)鍵詞“tantalizing”意為：誘人的。故選A。

5.【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到原文最后一段“Sheusesthespeechesandwritingsofreformersandlabororganizers,whosheacknowledgeswerefarfromrepresentative,asthevoiceofthetypicalwomanworker.”中文翻譯為：她（即Eisenstein）使用自己承認(rèn)遠(yuǎn)非代表人物的改革者和勞工組織的發(fā)言和作品來充當(dāng)?shù)湫偷呐怨ぷ髡叩穆曇?。因此B選項(xiàng)“分析世紀(jì)之交的典型女性工薪階層所寫的信和日記”符合題意。

10.單選題

Animportantpropertyofascientifictheoryisitsabilityto（）furtherresearch.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.stimulate

B.originate

C.renovate

D.endorse

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)stimulate“刺激；鼓舞；激發(fā)”；B選項(xiàng)originate“引起；創(chuàng)作”；C選項(xiàng)renovate“更新；修復(fù)；革新；刷新”；D選項(xiàng)endorse“背書；贊同”。句意：科學(xué)理論的一個(gè)重要特性是它激發(fā)進(jìn)一步研究的能力。根據(jù)句意，A選項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Aftersomanyweekswithoutrain,thegroundquickly（）thelittlerainthatfellyesterday.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.absorbed

B.drained

C.digested

D.soaked

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)absorb“吸收；使……全神貫注”；B選項(xiàng)drain“耗盡；使流出”；C選項(xiàng)digest“消化；融會(huì)貫通”；D選項(xiàng)soak“使浸泡，使浸漬”。句意：在許多個(gè)星期無雨后，地面很快地吸收了昨天下的小雨。結(jié)合句意，A選項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

NowapaperinSciencearguesthatorganicchemicalsintherockcomemostlyfrom（）onearthratherthanbacteriaonMars.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.configuration

B.constitution

C.condemnation

D.contamination

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)configuration“配置；結(jié)構(gòu)；外形”；B選項(xiàng)constitution“憲法；體制；構(gòu)造；結(jié)構(gòu)”；C選項(xiàng)condemnation“譴責(zé)；定罪；非難的理由”；D選項(xiàng)contamination“污染，玷污；污染物”。句意：如今《科學(xué)》雜志上有一篇論文認(rèn)為，巖石中的有機(jī)化合物大多數(shù)來自地球本身的結(jié)構(gòu)，而不是火星上的細(xì)菌。結(jié)合句意，B選項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

AtthecloseoftheKyotoGlobal-WarmingTreatydiscussionsheldinBonnlastweek,exhaustednegotiatorsfromnearlyeverycountryonearthhadreasontobeproud.Theyhaddonewhatnooneexpected—theyreachedabreakthroughagreementtolimitgreenhousegases.Duringtheconcludingremarks,aseachspeakerpraisedthenext,onlythechiefUSofficialonthescenedrewanundiplomaticresponse.WhenPaulaDobrianskytoldthegatheringthattheBushAdministration“willnotabdicateourresponsibility”toaddressglobalwarming,thehallfilledwithboos.That’sbecausetheUS,theworld’slargestproduceofgreenhousegases,satonthesidelinesinBonn.

GeorgeW.Bushhasyettodecidewhat,ifanything,hewilldotocombatglobalwarming.ButhebelievestheKyototreatyisfatallyflawedbecauseitdoesn’trequiredevelopingcountriestolimittheirfossil-fueluseimmediately,asitdoesindustrializedcountries.SohekepttheU.S.outofthediscussions.Indoingso,theAdministrationmayhavelostitslastopportunitytohelpshapetheinternationalresponsetotheproblem.AndBushmaybeindangeroflosingcontroloverclimateactiondomestically.Aftermonthsofinternaldebate,theAdministrationisstill“consulting”ontheissue.

ThatnoiseyouhearisCongressrushingtofilltheleadershipvacuum.Atleastsixclimateplanshavebeenproposedsofar.ThefirstissponsoredbyformerRepublican,nowIndependentStatorJimJeffords,chairmanoftheSenateEnvironmentCommittee,whoproposestocutgreenhouse-gasemissionsfrompowerplants.Congressionalactionthisweekwillcenteronreducingemissionsbyraisingvehiclefuel-efficiencystandards,includingthoseforSUVs.IfSUVshadtomeetthesamestandardsascars—somethingMassachusettsRepresentativeEdMarkeywillproposethisweek—theycouldsaveconsumersanestimated$7billionatthepumpthisyearandcutgasolinedemandbytensofbillionsofgallonsover10years.

The“drillDetroit,nottheArctic”campaignwillfindsomesupportthisweekwhentheNationalAcademyofSciencesreleasesalong-awaitedstudy.Thereport,toneddownaftertheautoindustryprotestedthatraisingfuel-efficiencystandards,bymakingcarslighter,makesvehicleslesssafe,isstilllikelytoconcludethatfuelefficiencycanbeincreasedatleast25percentwithexistingtechnology.

Ifafuel-efficiencybillreacheshisdesk,Bushcouldbeinabind—caughtbetweenautolobbyists(hischiefofstaffusedtobeone)andhisconcernforenergysecurity.Withnewtechnologyputtingimpressivefuelefficiencywithinreach,itwillbehardforhimtoopposemeasuresthatcouldreducethenationalappetiteforforeignoilbymillionsofbarrelsayear.

1.Intheopeningparagraph,theauthorintroduceshistopicby（）.

2.Thephrase“satonthesidelines”inthelastsentenceofparagraphoneprobablymeans（）.

3.ThereasonthatBushkeptUSoutofthediscussionsisthathebelieves（）.

4.TheNationalAcademyofSciencesfoundinthestudythat（）.

5.Wecanlearnfromthelastparagraphthat（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.explainingaphenomenon

B.makingacomparison

C.justifyingasanassumption

D.posingacontrast

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.nottogetinvolvedinthediscussion

B.nottotakepartintheactivityeventhoughtheyshoulddo

C.nottosittogetherwiththerepresentativesfromothercountries

D.nottopayattentiontotheinternationalaffair

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.theindustrializedcountriesshouldnotshouldertheresponsibilityalone

B.theindustrializedcountriesseemtosharemoreintacklingthisissue

C.developingcountriesfailtomeetthesamerequirement

D.thedevelopingcountriesshouldnotbeincluded

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.theautoindustryshouldnotraisethefuelefficiencystandards

B.thelighterthecaris,thelesssafeitwillbe

C.theexistingtechnologycanincreasethefuelefficiency

D.thelightercarisnotsafeenough

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.newtechnologycanhelpBushoutoftrouble

B.Bushintendstostirthenationalappetiteforforeignoil

C.Bushfailstodealwiththesubtlesituation

D.autolobbyistshavedifferentideasfromBush

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段中“Duringtheconcludingremarks,aseachspeakerpraisedthenext,onlythechiefUSofficialonthescenedrewanundiplomaticresponse.”中文翻譯為：在致閉幕詞的時(shí)候，當(dāng)與會(huì)的每一位發(fā)言人都對(duì)此表示稱贊時(shí)，唯獨(dú)美國(guó)官方代表做出了毫無外交策略的回應(yīng)?？梢缘弥狣選項(xiàng)“提出對(duì)比”符合題意。

2.【試題解析】詞匯題。由題干可以定位到原文第一段“WhenPaulaDobrianskytoldthegatheringthattheBushAdministration‘willnotabdicateourresponsibility’toaddressglobalwarming,thehallfilledwithboos.”中文翻譯為：當(dāng)葆拉?多布林斯基向大會(huì)宣布布什政府‘不會(huì)放棄自己的責(zé)任’去處理全球變暖這一問題時(shí)，全場(chǎng)報(bào)以唏噓聲，可以推測(cè)出詞組“sitonthesidelines”可譯為“冷眼旁觀”。因此可知B選項(xiàng)“盡管應(yīng)該參加，但是他們卻沒有參加這個(gè)活動(dòng)”為正確答案。

3.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段“ButhebelievestheKyototreatyisfatallyflawedbecauseitdoesn’trequiredevelopingcountriestolimittheirfossil-fueluseimmediately,asitdoesindustrializedcountries.SohekepttheU.S.outofthediscussions.”中文翻譯為：但是，他認(rèn)為京都協(xié)定有致命的缺陷，因?yàn)樗鼪]有要求發(fā)展中國(guó)家如同發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家那樣，去立刻限制礦物燃料的使用。因此，他讓美國(guó)沒有參與討論?？梢缘弥狝選項(xiàng)“發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家不應(yīng)該獨(dú)自承擔(dān)這種責(zé)任”符合題意。

4.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干可以定位到文章第四段中“Thereport...isstilllikelytoconcludethatfuelefficiencycanbeincreasedatleast25percentwithexistingtechnology…”中文翻譯為：這項(xiàng)報(bào)告……仍可能得出這樣的結(jié)論，即燃油效率憑借現(xiàn)存的科技至少可以被提高25%。故選C“現(xiàn)存的科技可以提高燃油效率”。

5.【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干可以定位到文章尾段“Withnewtechnologyputtingimpressivefuelefficiencywithinreach,itwillbehardforhimtoopposemeasuresthatcouldreducethenationalappetiteforforeignoilbymillionsofbarrelsayear.”中文翻譯為：隨著新科技能帶來非常不錯(cuò)的燃油效率，反對(duì)能減少國(guó)人每年對(duì)數(shù)百萬桶國(guó)外石油興趣的措施對(duì)他將是困難的，判斷出答案為B項(xiàng)“布什打算激起國(guó)人對(duì)國(guó)外石油的興趣”。

14.單選題

Hisnewlypublishedbookadvancedthe（）thatwhalesareasintelligentashumans.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ruling

B.proposal

C.hypothesis

D.protocol

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)ruling“統(tǒng)治，支配；裁定”；B選項(xiàng)proposal“提議，建議；求婚”；C選項(xiàng)hypothesis“假設(shè)”；D選項(xiàng)protocol“協(xié)議；草案；禮儀”。句意：他最新出版的書提出鯨魚如同人類一樣聰明的假設(shè)。結(jié)合句意，C選項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

Drinkingwateris（）whensewageseepsintothewatersupply.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.concealed

B.consumed

C.contemplated

D.contaminated

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)conceal“隱藏；隱瞞”；B選項(xiàng)consume“消耗，消費(fèi)”；C選項(xiàng)contemplate“沉思；注視”；D選項(xiàng)contaminate“污染，弄臟”。句意：當(dāng)污水滲入到供水系統(tǒng)后，飲用水會(huì)被污染。根據(jù)句意判斷出D選項(xiàng)正確。

16.單選題

Whatisthebestwoodtoburninthehomefireplace?Choosethekindofwoodtoburnislikechoosingabottleofwine.Eachchoiceyoucanmakehassomethingdifferenttooffer.Woodsdifferinthescenttheygiveoffandintheheattheyprovide.Thekindofwoodyouwillchoosedependsonyourownneedsandtastes.

Pine,spruce,andfiraresoftandeasytolight.Theyburnquicklywithahotflame.However,afirebuiltfromthesewoodsburnsoutquickly.Thiskindoffirerequiresalotofattention.Itneedsnewlogsaddedtokeepthefireburning.Afirebuiltfromsoftwoodsmightbeidealforyouatcertaintimes.Youmaywantaquickwarmingfirethatwillburnoutbeforeyougotobed.

Foralong-lastingfire,itisbesttouseheavierwoods.Thesewouldbeash,beech,birch,maple,andoak.Thesewoodsdon’tburnasfast.Oakgivesthemostevenandshortestflames.Italsoproducessteady,glowingcoals.Whenyouhaveseveraloaklogsburninginyourgrate,youcansettlebackforasteadyshowofflame.

Ifyouwantagood-smellingfire,usethewoodfromfruittrees.Apple,cherry,andnuttreesallproducepleasantscents.Theirsmokeusuallysmellslikethetree’sfruit.

Bymixingsoftwoodswithhardwoods,youcangetalong-lasting,easy-to-lightfire.Later,byaddingsomefruitwood,youcanproduceapleasantscentaswell.

Asarule,nomorethanfourlogsareneededtomakeagoodfire.Adjustthelogstomaintaintheflames.Pushtheendsofthelogsintheflamesfromtimetotime.Addkindlingandnewlogsasneededtorekindleadyingflame.Rakecoalstowardthefrontofthegratebeforeaddingnewlogsandputnewlogsattherear.Theretheywillreflectlightandheatintotheroom.

Letonlyaninchortwoofashcollectsatthebottomofthegrate.Anymorethanthiscanruintheandirons.Toomuchashblockstheflowofairtothefire.Someashisneededtoformthebedfortheglowingcoalsthatdropthroughthegrate.Theyhelptoholdtheheatanddirectdraftsofairuptothebaseofthefire.

1.Whatisthemainideaofthisarticle?

2.Spruceburnswitha（）.

3.Inordertogetmoreheatoutofyourfireplace,youshould（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Fruitwooddoesnotburnwellinthefireplace.

B.Wetwoodiseasydriedinahomefireplace.

C.Youshouldchooseyourfireplacewoodcarefully.

D.Heavierwoodscankeepalong-lastingfire.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.coldflame

B.hotflame

C.shortflame

D.steadyflame

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.addnewlogstothebackofthefire

B.cleanyourchimneyonceayear

C.rakecoalstowardtherearofthefireplace

D.ruintheandirons

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

【解析】1.【試題解析】主旨大意題。本文主要談及壁爐選擇木材取決于需要和品味。可以得知C選項(xiàng)“你應(yīng)該仔細(xì)選擇你的壁爐木材”符合題意。

2.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞spruce可以定位到文章第二段中“Pine,spruce,andfiraresoftandeasytolight.Theyburnquicklywithahotflame.”，中文翻譯為：松樹、云杉和冷杉因柔軟而容易點(diǎn)燃。它們迅速燃燒，火焰很熱。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

3.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干可以定位到文章倒數(shù)二段“Asarule,nomorethanfourlogsareneededtomakeagoodfire.Adjustthelogstomaintaintheflames.Pushtheendsofthelogsintheflamesfromtimetotime.Addkindlingandnewlogsasneededtorekindleadyingflame.Rakecoalstowardthefrontofthegratebeforeaddingnewlogsandputnewlogsattherear.Theretheywillreflectlightandheatintotheroom.”，中文翻譯為：一般說來，生一堆好火不需要超過四根木頭。調(diào)整原木以保持火焰。不時(shí)地把木柴的末端推入火焰中。添加引物和新的原木，以重新點(diǎn)燃即將熄滅的火焰。在添加新原木之前，把煤耙到爐排前面，并把新原木放在后面。在那里，它們將把光和熱反射進(jìn)房間。故A為正確選項(xiàng)。

17.單選題

Manynewspaperscommentedonthegovernment’s（）measurestobringdownthepriceofwheat,rice,sugar,andotheressentialcommodities.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.feeble

B.limp

C.fragile

D.disabled

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)feeble“無效的；微弱的；虛弱的”；B選項(xiàng)limp“（性格）軟弱的；柔軟的，無生氣的”；C選項(xiàng)fragile“脆的；易碎的”；D選項(xiàng)disabled“殘廢的，有缺陷的”。句意：對(duì)于政府壓低小麥、大米、糖和其他必需品價(jià)格的無效措施，很多報(bào)紙進(jìn)行了評(píng)論。結(jié)合此處語境，可知A選項(xiàng)正確。

18.單選題

Aswithanysubject,peoplelearnfasterwhenconcentrationishighandwe’reactivelyinterestedinlearning.Beinginterestedandrelaxedhelpstoo.Inintenselyverbalcoursestheteachersaremosteffectivewhentheyactasafacilitator.Theirprimetaskistograbattention,helpmakesurethattheactivitiesareinterestingandprovidebackgroundinformation,whichhelpsstudentstoactivelyparticipateinthelessonandplanandimplementeffective,complementaryhomestudyprograms.Thestudentisresponsibleforkeepinghimselforherself“UnderPressure”inthewaysmentionedabove.Ofcoursethisrequiresthatstudentsunderstandthetypesofpressuretheyshouldtakeuponthemselvesandwhentobackoff.Imposedpressureisdifferentinqualitytoself-imposedpressure,anditisthelatterwhichisappropriateforadultlearners,andchildrentoo,Isuspect.

Inthetypicalactivelyverballanguageclass,understandingoftheprocessesneededforeffectivelanguageacquisitionisnecessarilyinferredbythestudents.Communicatingclearlywitheveryoneintheclassisdifficultenough,sotalkingaboutwhyanactivityisusefulisquitelikelytoconfuseandbemuseratherthanenlightenstudentsinalanguagecourse.Forthisreasontransparent,open-endedactivitieswithcleartaskgoalsformthefoundationofanyintenselyverbalcourse.Inotherwords,shortdemonstrationsarefollowedbypairandgroupworkdoingthedemonstratedactivityanditisuptothestudentstomakesuretheyinvolvethemselveswhiletheteacher