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住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-通用考博英語考試名師押題精選卷I(帶答案詳解)(圖片可根據(jù)實際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

問題1選項

A.Theyareharmfultohealth.

B.Theyenrichourexperience.

C.Theyarenecessaryinourlives.

D.Theyshouldbedoneawaywith.

問題2選項

A.Theyareexhaustedevenwithoutdoinganyheavywork.

B.Theyfeeltoooverwhelmedtodealwithlife’sproblems.

C.Theyareanxioustofreethemselvesfromlife’stroubles.

D.Theyfeelstressedoutevenwithoutanychallengesinlife.

問題3選項

A.Theylessenourburdens.

B.Theynarrowourfocus.

C.Theyprolongourlives.

D.Theyexpandourmind.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

【解析】RecordingOne

Let’ssayyoustarttobrainstormalistofalltheemotionsyoueverexperienced.Justforfun,tryitnow.

What’sonyourlist?Chancesare,youincludedthingslike:happy,sad,excited,angry,afraid,grateful,proud,scared,confused,stressed,relaxedandamazed.Nowsortyourlistintotwocategories:positiveemotionsandnegativeemotions.

Feelingbothpositiveandnegativeemotionsisanaturalpartofbeinghuman.[16]Wemightusetheword“negative”todescribemoredifficultemotions,butitdoesn’tmeanthoseemotionsarebadorweshouldn’thavethem.Still,mostpeoplewouldprobablyratherfeelapositiveemotionthananegativeone.It’slikelyyouprefertofeelhappyinsteadofsadorconfidentinsteadofinsecure.

Whatmattersishowouremotionsarebalanced,howmuchofeachtypeoftheemotion,positiveornegative,weexperience.

Negativeemotionswarnusofthreatsorchallengesthatwemayneedtodealwith.Forexample,fearcanalertustopossibledanger,it’sasignalthatwemightneedtoprotectourselves.Angryfeelingswarnusthatsomeoneissteppingonourtoes,crossingaboundaryorviolatingourtrust.Angercanbeasignalthatwemightneedtoactonourownbehalf.

Negativeemotionsfocusourawareness.Theyhelpustozeroinonaproblemsowecandealwithit.[17]Buttoomanynegativeemotionscanmakeusfeeloverwhelmed,anxious,exhaustedorstressedout.Whennegativeemotionsareoutofbalance,problemsmightseemtoobigtohandle.

Themorewedwellonnegativeemotions,themorenegativewebegintofeel.Focusingonnegativityjustkeepsitgoing.

Positiveemotionsbalanceoutnegativeones,buttheyhaveotherpowerfulbenefits,too.[18]Insteadofnarrowingourfocus,likenegativeemotionsdo,positiveemotionsaffectourbrainsinwaysthatincreaseourawareness,attentionandmemory.Theyhelpustakeinmoreinformation,holdseveralideasinmindatonceandunderstandhowdifferentideasrelatetoeachother.

Whenpositiveemotionsopenusuptonewpossibilities,wearemoreabletolearnandbuildonourskills.Thatleadstodoingbetterontasksandtests.

Peoplewhohaveplentyofpositiveemotionsintheireverydaylivestendtobehappier,healthier,learnbetterandgetalongwellwithothers.

16.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutnegativeemotions?

【試題答案】C

【試題解析】題目問關(guān)于負面情緒,說話者說了些什么?錄音前面部分提到:我們可能會用“負面”一詞來描述讓人難受的情緒,但是這并不意味著這種情緒很糟糕或者我們不該有這種情緒。也就是說“它們(負面情緒)在我們的生活中是必要的”,C選項符合錄音原文表述。A選項“它們對健康有害”和B選項“它們豐富我們的經(jīng)驗”在錄音中均沒有提及;D選項“它們應(yīng)該被摒棄”恰好與錄音表達的意思相反,因此不正確。

17.Whathappenstopeoplewhosenegativeemotionsareoutofbalance?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】題目問負面情緒失衡的人會發(fā)生什么?錄音在談到負面情緒時提到,負面情緒會集中我們的意識,這樣我們就可以處理問題,但是出現(xiàn)過多的負面情緒會使我們不堪重負、焦慮、疲憊或壓力過大。負面情緒一旦失去平衡,問題似乎變得太大而無法處理。因此B選項“他們感到不堪重負以致無法處理生活問題”與錄音原文表述相符。A選項“即使不干重活,他們也筋疲力盡”;C選項“他們渴望擺脫生活的煩惱”和D選項“即使生活中沒有任何挑戰(zhàn),他們還是感到緊張”在錄音中均沒有提及。

18.Howdopositiveemotionsaffectus?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問積極情緒是如何影響我們的?錄音提到,(積極情緒)不像負面情緒那樣會讓我們縮小注意力的范圍,積極情緒會影響我們的大腦,增強我們的意識、注意力和記憶力。它們幫助我們獲取更多的信息,同時記住一些想法,并了解不同的想法是如何相互關(guān)聯(lián)的。因此D選項“它們擴展我們的思維”正確。A選項“它們減輕我們的負擔(dān)”和C選項“它們延長我們的壽命”在錄音中均沒有信息提及;B選項“它們使我們集中注意力”是負面情緒的作用,因此不正確。

2.單選題

HistorianssuchasLeRoyLadurichaveusedthedocumentstoextractcasehistories,whichhave()theattitudesofdifferentsocialgroupsandhaverevealedhowtheauthoritiesadministeredjustice.

問題1選項

A.laminated

B.ruminated

C.illuminated

D.eliminated

【答案】C

【解析】形近詞詞義辨析。laminate“分成薄片”;ruminate“沉思,反復(fù)思考”;illuminate“闡明,說明”;eliminate“消除,排除”。句意:羅伊?拉杜里克這樣一些歷史家從記錄中提取出歷史案例,這些案例說明了不同社會群體的態(tài)度以及他們是如何執(zhí)行司法的。選項C符合題意。

3.單選題

Itwouldbe()tothinkthatthiscouldsolveallthearea’sproblemsstraightaway.

問題1選項

A.subtle

B.feeble

C.nasty

D.naive

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。subtle“微妙的,精細的”;feeble“微弱的,無力的”;nasty“骯臟的”;naive“天真的”。句意:以為那樣便可以解決這個領(lǐng)域所有問題真的是太天真了。選項D符合題意。

4.單選題

Questions22to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

問題1選項

A.Itmayputtoomuchpressureonteammembers.

B.Itmayharmthecultureoftoday’sworkplace.

C.Itmayhinderindividualcareeradvancement.

D.Itmayresultinunwillingnesstotakerisks.

問題2選項

A.Theycanhardlygiveexpressiontotheiroriginalviews.

B.Theymayeventuallylosetheirconfidenceandcreativity.

C.Theycanbecomelessmotivatedtodoprojectsoftheirown.

D.Theymayfindithardtogettheircontributionsrecognized.

問題3選項

A.Theycangetchancestoengageinresearch.

B.Theycanenlargetheirprofessionalcircle.

C.Theycancompletetheprojectmoreeasily.

D.Theycanmakethebestuseoftheirexpertise.25.

問題4選項

A.Itmaypreventmakingatimelydecision.

B.Itmaycauselotsofargumentsinateam.

C.Itmaydepriveateamofbusinessopportunities.

D.Itmaygiverisetoalotofunnecessaryexpenses.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:A

【解析】RecordingThree

TodayI’dliketotalkaboutthedangersofbeingtoocollaborative.Beingagoodteamplayerisacentralskillinourmodernworkplace.Theabilitytoworkwellwithothersandcollaborateonprojectsisasought-afterabilityinnearlyeveryposition.However,[22]placingtoomuchemphasisonbeingagoodteamplayercannegativelyaffectyourcareergrowth.

Don’tbeoverlyfocusedongainingconsensus.Don’tbetooconcernedwiththeopinionsofothers.Thiscanhinderyourabilitytomakedecisions,speakupandgainrecognitionforyourindividualskillsandstrengths.

Somepeoplearetoosubordinatetoothers’opinions,toofocusedondecisionconsensus,toosilentabouttheirownpointofview,tooagreeabletotakethingsonwhentheydon’thavetimeorenergy.Thisleadstobuildingabrandofunderconfident,submissive,low-impactnon-leadersandhampersthen-growthandcareeradvancement.

[23]Collaborationcertainlymakesyourindividualcompetenciesandcontributionsmoredifficultforoutsiderstoidentify.Collaborativeprojectsmeanyou’resharingthespotlightwithothers.Outsidersmaythenfinditdifficulttodetermineyourcontributionsandstrengths.Thismayendupcostingyouopportunitiesforpromotionsorpayraises.Youcertainlyshouldn’tditchteamwork,buthowcanyouavoidthehazardsofbeinganover-collaborator?

Workinginateamcanhavehugebenefits.Yourteammayhaverepeatedsuccessesandoftengainrecognition,[24]youthenhavemoreopportunitiestoexpandyourprofessionalnetworkthanifyouworkedalone.However,findingabalancebetweenteameffortsandindividualprojectsthatgiveyouindependentrecognitionisimportantformakinganameforyourselfandprovidingopportunitiesforadvancement.

Beselectiveinwhoyouworkwith.Thiswillmaximizethebenefitsandminimizethedownsidesofbeingateamplayer.Collaboratewithpeoplewhohavecomplementaryexpertise.Selectprojectswherethere’spotentialformutualbenefit.Perhapsyou’rebringingyouruniqueknowledgeandgainingaccesstosomeoneelse’sprofessionalnetwork.Ormaybeyou’reabletolearnanewskillbyworkingwithsomeone.Seekoutyourteammatespurposefullyratherthanjumpingoneverynewgroupprojectopportunity.

Whenwe’retoocollaborative,wewanteveryonetoagreewithadecisionbeforeweproceed.[25]Thiscancreateunnecessarydelaysasyouholdmeetingstryingtoachieveconsensus.It’sfinetobecollaborativewhenseekinginput,butputadeadlineontheinputstageandarriveatadecision,evenifit’sadecisionthatdoesn’thaveconsensus.

22.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutbeingovercollaborative?

【試題答案】C

【試題解析】題目問的是錄音中給出的關(guān)于過度合作的信息。錄音開頭提到過于強調(diào)成為一個好的團隊成員會對職業(yè)發(fā)展產(chǎn)生負面影響,這里placingtoomuchemphasisonbeingagoodteamplayer即問題中所說的beingovercollaborative,因此C選項“可能阻礙個人職業(yè)發(fā)展”符合原文。A選項“它可能給團隊成員帶來太大壓力”;B選項“它可能會損害當(dāng)今的職場文化”和D選項“它可能會導(dǎo)致人們不愿意冒險”在錄音中均未提及。

23.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutpeopleengagedincollaborativeprojects?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問關(guān)于參與合作項目的人,說話者說了什么?錄音提到,合作會使個人能力和個人貢獻更難被外人發(fā)現(xiàn)(makesyourindividualcompetenciesandcontributionsmoredifficultforoutsiderstoidentify)。D選項“他們可能會發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的貢獻很難被識別出來”與之表述相符,因此正確。A選項“他們幾乎不能表達他們原來的觀點”,錄音說的是“他們太過隱藏自己的觀點”(toosilentabouttheirownpointofview),因此A選項不正確;錄音中只是提到了underconfident(信心不足),并沒有提到“合作”對創(chuàng)造力和動力的影響,因此B選項“他們最終可能會失去信心和創(chuàng)造力”和C選項“他們會變得更沒有動力去做自己的項目”均不正確。

24.Howdopeoplebenefitfromworkinginateam?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】題目問人們從團隊合作中得到什么益處?錄音提到,在團隊中工作有很大的好處——團隊也許會多次獲得成功,并經(jīng)常獲得認可,團隊成員便有更多的機會來擴大其職業(yè)關(guān)系網(wǎng)(expandyourprofessionalnetwork),因此B選項“他們可以擴大自己的職業(yè)圈子”與之表述相符。A選項“他們可能有機會從事研究工作”這一信息在錄音中并未提及;C選項“他們可以更容易地完成項目”,錄音中沒有對比個人項目和團隊項目哪個更容易完成,因此可排除;D選項“他們可以充分利用自己的專業(yè)知識”,利用錄音中的expertise設(shè)置干擾,錄音中指的是與專業(yè)知識互補的人合作(Collaboratewithpeoplewhohavecomplementaryexpertise),而不是利用自己的專業(yè)知識,因此D選項也不正確。

25.Whyisitundesirabletospendtoomuchtimetryingtoreachconsensus?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問為什么花太多時間以求達成共識會令人討厭?錄音最后提到,當(dāng)我們過度合作時,會希望每個人都同意某個決定,而這會造成不必要的延誤(createunnecessarydelays),也就是說“可能會妨礙我們及時做出決定”,因此A選項正確。B選項“可能會在團隊中引起很多爭論”在錄音中未提及;C選項“可能剝奪團隊的商業(yè)機會”,主要是利用錄音中的opportunitiesforadvancement(晉升機會)和groupprojectopportunity(團隊項目機會)設(shè)干擾,但這些不等同于C選項中的businessopportunities(商業(yè)機會),因此C選項不能選;D選項“可能會產(chǎn)生很多不必要的費用”在錄音中也沒有信息提及。

5.單選題

Thedevelopmentofstaffcohesionandasenseofteameffortintheworkplacecanbeeffectively()bytheuseofhumor.

問題1選項

A.acquainted

B.installed

C.regulated

D.facilitated

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。acquaint“使熟悉”;install“安裝”;regulate“調(diào)節(jié)”;facilitate“促進”。句意:幽默可以有效促進職場員工的凝聚力發(fā)展和團隊合作意識。選項D符合題意。

6.單選題

Forreasonsofpersonalsafety,themantoldthepolicethathewishedtoremain().

問題1選項

A.anonymous

B.suspicious

C.conspicuous

D.rigorous

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。anonymous“匿名的,無名的”;suspicious“可疑的;多疑的”;conspicuous“顯著的,顯而易見的”;rigorous“嚴(yán)格的;嚴(yán)密的;嚴(yán)酷的”。句意:考慮到人身安全,這個男人告訴警察他希望能夠保持匿名。選項A符合題意。

7.單選題

Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

問題1選項

A.Thewoman’searningsovertheyears.

B.Thekeytorunningashopatalowcost.

C.Thebusinesssuccessofthewoman’sshop.

D.Thewoman’srelationshipwithothershops.

問題2選項

A.Keepdownitsexpenses.

B.Improveitscustomerservice.

C.Expanditsbusinessscale.

D.Upgradethegoodsitsells.

問題3選項

A.Theyareingreatdemand.

B.Theyaredeliveredfreeofcharge.

C.Theyareverypopularwiththelocalresidents.

D.Theyaresoldatlowerpricesthaninothershops.

問題4選項

A.Tomaintainfriendlyrelationshipswithothershops.

B.Toavoidbeingputoutofbusinessincompetition.

C.Toattractmorecustomersintheneighborhood.

D.Tofollowthecustomofthelocalshopkeepers.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:A

【解析】ConversationTwo

M:[5]Yousayyourshophasbeendoingwell.Couldyougivemesomeideaofwhatdoingwellmeansinfactsandfigures?

W:Well,doingwellmeansaveraging1,200poundsormoreaweekforabout7years,makingalmostaquarterofamillionpounds.Anddoingwellmeansyourearningsarerising.Lastyearwedidslightlyover50,000andthisyearwehopetodomorethan60,000.Sothat’sgoodifwecontinuetorise.

M:Nowthat’sgrowthonearningsIassume.Whataboutyourexpenses?

W:Yes,that’sgrowth.Theexpensesofcoursegoupsteadily.Andsincewe’vemovedtothisnewshop,theexpenseshaveincreasedgreatlybecauseit’samuchbiggershop.SoIcouldn’tsayexactlywhatourexpensesare.There’ssomethingintheregionof6or7thousandpoundsayear,whichisnothigh—commerciallyspeaking,it’sverylow.[6]Andwetrytokeepourexpensesaslowaswecan.

M:[7]Andyourpricesaremuchlowerthanthesamegoodsinshopsroundabout.Howdothelocalshopkeepersfeelabouthavingashopdoingsowellintheirmidst?

W:Perhapsalotofthemdon’trealizehowwellwe’redoingbecausewedon’tmakeapointofpublicizing.Thatwasalessonwe’velearnedveryearlyon.Wewereveryfriendlywithalllocalshop-keepersandwehavebeentomentiontoalocalshopkeeperhowmuchwehavemadethatweek.Hewasveryunhappyandneverasfriendlyagain.Sowemakeapointofneverpublicizingtheamountofthemoneywemake.Butwe’reonverygoodtermswithalltheshops;noneofthemhaveevercomplainedthatwe’reputtingthemoutofbusinessoranythinglikethat.Ithinkit’sanicefunnyrelationship.[8]Maybeiftheydidknowwhatwemade,perhapstheywouldn’tbesofriendly.

5.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?

【試題答案】C

【試題解析】題目問說話者主要談?wù)摰氖鞘裁??在錄音開頭,男士就問女士能否用事實和數(shù)據(jù)來說明她的店鋪經(jīng)營良好。接下來女士從盈利、開支、與其他店主之間的關(guān)系三方面進行闡述。C選項“女士店鋪的成功經(jīng)營”最能概括對話的主要內(nèi)容,因此正確。A選項“這些年女士的收入”和D選項“女士與其他店鋪的關(guān)系”雖然在錄音中有提及,但只是女士在講述其店鋪經(jīng)營時的一些具體方面,并不是對話的主題,因此可排除;B選項“低成本經(jīng)營店鋪的關(guān)鍵因素”在錄音中并沒有信息提及。

6.Whatdoesthewomansayhershoptriestodo?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問女士說她的店鋪試圖做什么?男士問到女士店鋪的開支時,女士提到其店鋪在該地區(qū)一年要支出6000至7000英鎊,但其實并不算多,接著還說他們會盡可能降低開支(wetrytokeepourexpensesaslowaswecan)。A選項“降低其開支”是對錄音原文的同義替換,因此正確。B選項“改善顧客服務(wù)質(zhì)量”;C選項“擴大業(yè)務(wù)規(guī)模”和D選項“升級銷售的產(chǎn)品”在錄音中均沒有信息提及,因此排除。

7.Whatdowelearnaboutgoodssoldatthewoman’sshop?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問關(guān)于女士店鋪出售的商品,我們了解到什么?根據(jù)錄音中,男士向女士問的最后一個問題:同樣的商品,女士店鋪里銷售的要比附近其他商店價格要低很多,附近的商店對女士店鋪經(jīng)營得如此好是怎么看的。由此可知,D選項“它們的售價比其他店鋪低”與錄音原文表述相符,因此正確。A選項“它們的需求量很大”;B選項“它們免費送貨”和C選項“它們很受當(dāng)?shù)鼐用竦臍g迎”在錄音中均沒有信息提及,因此排除。

8.Whydoesn’tthewomanwanttomakeknowntheirearningsanymore?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問為什么這位女士不想讓別人知道他們的收入了?錄音中提及女士的店鋪曾向當(dāng)?shù)氐牡曛魈峒百嵙硕嗌馘X,使得與其他店主關(guān)系變差了,因此他們不再公布自己的收入了。由此可推測,女士不宣揚其店鋪收入是想與其他店主保持良好的關(guān)系。因此A選項“與其他商店保持友好關(guān)系”正確。B選項“避免在商業(yè)競爭中被淘汰”;C選項“為了吸引更多附近的客戶”和D選項“跟隨當(dāng)?shù)氐曛鞯牧?xí)慣做法”在錄音中均沒有信息提及,因此排除。

8.單選題

TheyaregoingtoLondon,buttheir()destinationisRome.

問題1選項

A.ultimate

B.prime

C.next

D.cardinal

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。ultimate“最終的”;prime“主要的,最好的”;next“接下來的”;cardinal“主要的,基本的;深紅色的”。句意:他們打算去倫敦,但是他們最終的目的地是羅馬。選項A符合題意。

9.單選題

Questions23to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

問題1選項

A.Tofightchildhoodobesity.

B.Tohelpdisadvantagedkids.

C.Tourgekidstofollowtheirrolemodels.

D.Toencouragekidstoplaymoresports.

問題2選項

A.TheyaremosteffectivewhenappearingonTV.

B.Theybestboostproductsaleswhenputonline.

C.Theyarebecomingmoreandmoreprevalent.

D.Theyimpresskidsmorethantheydoadults.

問題3選項

A.Dowhattheyadvocateinpublic.

B.Alwaysplacekid’sinterestfirst.

C.Payattentiontotheirimagebeforechildren.

D.Messagepositivebehaviorsatalltimes.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:D

【解析】RecordingThree

Today,I’dliketotalkaboutwhathappenswhencelebrityrolemodelsgetbehindhealthyhabitsbutatthesametimepromotejunkfood?[23]Currently,thereismountingcriticismofMichelleObama’sLet’sMove!Campaign,whichfightschildhoodobesitybyencouragingyoungsterstobecomemorephysicallyactive,andhassignedonsingerBeyonce,andbasketballplayerShaquilleO’Neal,bothofwhomalsoendorsesodas,whichareamajorcontributortotheobesityepidemic.Nowthere’salotmoreevidenceofhowpowerfulacelebrity—especiallyaprofessionalathlete—canbeininfluencingchildren’sbehavior.

InareportpublishedbytheRuddCenterforFoodPolicyandObesityatYaleUniversity,researchersstudied100professionalathletesandtheirendorsementcontracts.Theteamfocusedonathletessincetheyaretheoreticallythebestrolemodelsforactive,healthylifestylesforchildren.Aftersortingthedealsbycategory,theydeterminedthatamongthe512brandsassociatedwiththeathletes,mostinvolvedsportinggoods,followedcloselybyfoodandbeveragebrands.

Sportsdrinks,whichareoftenhighinsugarandcaloriesmadeupmostofthefoodanddrinkdeals,withsoftdrinksandfastfoodfillingouttheremainder.Ofthe46beveragesendorsedbyprofessionalathletes,93%reliedexclusivelyonsugarforalloftheircalories.

It’snosurprisethathighprofileathletescaninfluencechildren’seatingbehaviors,butthescientistswereabletoquantifyhowprevalenttheseendorsementsareinthechildren’senvironment.Advertisementsfeaturingprofessionalathletesandtheirendorsedproductstendtogetimpressiveexposure,onTV,radio,inprintandonline.Andin2010,[24]theresearchersreportedthatchildrenages12to17sawmoreathlete-endorsedfoodandbeveragebrandcommercialsthanadults.

Onereasonanycampaignwantsapopularcelebrityspokespersonisbecausekidsareattractedtothemnomatterwhattheyaredoing.Wecan’texpectkidstoturnoffthatadmirationwhenthesamepersonissellingsugar.Atbest,kidsmightbeconfused.Atworst,they’llthinkthemessagesaboutsodaarethesameasthemessagesaboutwater.Butthosetwobeveragesaren’tthesame.

Ifchildrenareturningtoathletesasrolemodels,it’sintheirbestinterestiftheiridolsareconsistent.[25]Consistentmessagingofpositivebehaviorswillshowhealthierlifestylesforkidstofollow.

23.WhatistheaimofMichelleObama’scampaign?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問米歇爾?奧巴馬競選的目的是什么?錄音開頭提到目前針對米歇爾?奧巴馬的“讓我們動起來”的運動有越來越多的評論,該運動鼓勵孩子多參加運動來對抗兒童肥胖。因此米歇爾?奧巴馬發(fā)起該運動的目的就是對抗兒童肥胖,A選項與原文表述一致,因此正確。B選項“幫助弱勢兒童”;C選項“敦促孩子們跟隨他們的榜樣”在錄音中均未提及;D選項“鼓勵孩子多運動”最具干擾性,這是對抗兒童肥胖的方式,并不是最終的目的,因此不正確。

24.Whatdoesresearchfindaboutadvertisementsfeaturingprofessionalathletes?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問關(guān)于職業(yè)運動員廣告的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)了什么?根據(jù)錄音,2010年,研究人員報道指出,12到17歲的孩子比成年人看更多由運動員代言的食品和飲料品牌的廣告。也就是說,由專業(yè)運動員代言的廣告給孩子留下的印象比給成年人留下的更深刻。D選項“他們給孩子留下的印象比給成年人留下的印象更深刻”與原文表述相符,因此正確。A選項“出現(xiàn)在電視上最有效”;B選項“放在網(wǎng)上時最能促進產(chǎn)品銷量”,利用TV和online設(shè)置干擾項,錄音原文并沒有對這些廣告出現(xiàn)在什么地方最有效進行對此,因此可排除;C選項“它們變得越來越普遍”在錄音中并未提及,因此也可排除。

25.Whatdoesthespeakerthinkkids’idolsshoulddo?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問說話者認為孩子們的偶像應(yīng)該做什么?錄音最后提到,如果孩子們以運動員為榜樣,如果他們的這些偶像能夠始終如一,那么孩子們將得到最大的益處。持續(xù)傳達積極行為的信息能向孩子們展現(xiàn)他們應(yīng)該要追隨的更健康的生活方式,所以講話人認為孩子們的偶像應(yīng)該一直傳達積極行為的信息。D選項中的atalltimes是錄音中consistent的同義表達,因此D選項“時刻傳達積極的行為”正確。A選項“做他們向公眾提倡的事情”;B選項“總是把孩子的利益放在首位”以及C選項“在孩子面前注意他們的形象”在錄音中均沒有提及,因此排除。

10.單選題

ThebrideandthebridegroomwereoverwhelmedinhappinesswhentheirfamilyofferedtotakethemtoRometo()themarriage.

問題1選項

A.terminate

B.initiate

C.consummate

D.separate

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。terminate“終止,結(jié)束”;initiate“開始”;consummate“完成”;separate“分開”。句意:當(dāng)聽到他們的家人要帶他們?nèi)チ_馬完婚,這對新郎新娘感到非常幸福。選項C符合題意。

11.單選題

Pickingflowersintheparkisabsolutely().

問題1選項

A.avoided

B.prohibited

C.rejected

D.repelled

【答案】B

【解析】動詞詞義辨析。句意:在公園里摘花是絕對禁止的。選項B符合語境。

12.單選題

Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

問題1選項

A.Itisacollectionofphotos.

B.Itisanintroductiontomusic.

C.ItisaboutthecityofBruges.

D.ItisabookofEuropeanhistory.

問題2選項

A.WhenwritingaboutBelgium’scoastalregions.

B.Whentakingpicturesforaconcertcatalogue.

C.WhenvacationinginanItaliancoastalcity.

D.WhenpaintingtheconcerthallofBruges.

問題3選項

A.TherichheritageofEuropewillbelostcompletely.

B.TheseawaterofEuropewillbeseriouslypolluted.

C.TheentireEuropeancoastlinewillbesubmerged.

D.ThemajorEuropeanscenicspotswilldisappear.

問題4選項

A.Touristsusewoodenpathstoreachtheirhotelsinthemorning.

B.Itattractslargenumbersoftouristsfromhomeandabroad.

C.Peoplecannotgetaroundwithoutusingboats.

D.Itswaterwaysarebeingincreasinglypolluted.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:A

【解析】ConversationTwo

W:Mr.DeKeyzer,I’magreatloverofyourbookMomentsBeforetheFlood.Canyoutellushowyoufirstbecameinterestedinthissubjectmatter?

M:In2006,[6]whentheconcerthallofthecityofBrugesaskedmetotakesomepicturesforacatalogueforanewconcertseasonaroundthethemeofwater,IfoundmyselfworkingalongtheBelgiancoastline.Astherehadbeennumerousalarmingarticlesinthepressaboutaclimatecatastrophewaitingtohappen,Istartedlookingattheseaandthebeachverydifferently,aplacewhereIspentsomanyperfectdaysasachild.Thisfearofaloomingdangerbecame[5]thesubjectofalarge-scalephotoproject.

W:[5]Youwroteinthebook,“Idon’twanttophotographthedisaster;Iwanttophotographthedisasterwaitingtohappen.”Canyoutalkabitaboutthat?

M:[7]Itisclearnowthatit’samatteroftimebeforetheentireEuropeancoastlinedisappearsunderwater.Thesamegoesfornumerousbigcitiesaroundtheworld.Myideawastophotographthisbeautifulandveryuniquecoastline,richinhistory,beforeit’stoolate—asalastwitness.

W:Canyoutalkabitabouthowhistoryplaysaroleinthisproject?

M:Sure.TheprojectisalsoaboutthehistoryofEuropelookingattheseaandwonderingwhenthenextenemywouldappear.Intheimages,youseeallkindsofpossibledefenseconstructionstoholdbacktheRomans,Germans,Vikings,andnownatureasenemynumberone.Forexample,thereistheimageofthebridgeintotheseatakenattheNormandyD-Daylandingsite.Also,Venice,thecityeternallythreatenedbythesea,[8]whereeverymorningwoodenpathwayshavetobesetuptoallowtouriststoreachtheirhotels.

W:Thankyou,Mr.DeKeyzer.Itwasapleasuretohaveyouwithustoday.

5.WhatdoesthemansayaboutthebookMomentsBeforetheFlood?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問關(guān)于《洪水來臨前》這本書,男士說了什么?錄音開頭,男士提到他受邀為新一季音樂會拍攝以水為主題的照片時恰巧在海邊工作,因有感于如此美麗的海灘日后有可能因氣候災(zāi)難而消失于水下,便將這種對潛在危險的恐懼作為一個大型攝影項目的主題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵信息thesubjectofalarge-scalephotoproject(一個大型攝影項目的主題)可知,男士認為MomentsBeforetheFlood是一本照片集,因此A選項正確。B選項“它是一本介紹音樂的書”和C選項“它是一本關(guān)于布魯日市的書”只是利用個別詞來設(shè)置干擾,與題干不相干,因此排除;D選項“一本講述歐洲歷史的書”,錄音最后雖然提及歐洲的歷史,但歐洲歷史只是其中的一部分內(nèi)容,并不是完全講述歐洲歷史,因此D選項表述不準(zhǔn)確。

6.Whendidthemangethisideaforthework?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】題目問男士是什么時候想到開始這個工作的?錄音開頭,女士便詢問男士一開始是怎樣對這一主題感興趣的。男士回答當(dāng)時布魯日市的音樂廳要求他為新一季音樂會拍攝一系列以水為主題的照片,B選項“那時為音樂會拍攝一系列照片”是對錄音原文的概括,因此正確。A選項“寫關(guān)于比利時沿海地區(qū)的文章”,錄音只是提及男士受邀為音樂會拍攝照片時,他正好在比利時沿海地區(qū)工作,因此A選項不正確;C選項“那時在意大利沿海城市度假”在錄音中并沒有提及;D選項“那時為布魯日音樂廳繪畫”主要錯在painting一詞,與原文表述的takesomepictures不符,因此可排除。

7.Whatwillhappenwhentheclimatecatastropheoccurs?

【試題答案】C

【試題解析】題目問當(dāng)氣候災(zāi)難發(fā)生時,會發(fā)生什么?錄音開頭,女士請男士就書中的一句話進行解釋:“我不想拍攝日后的災(zāi)難情景,我只想在災(zāi)難來臨前拍下最后的美好”。男士回答道,現(xiàn)在很清楚的是,整個歐洲海岸線消失在水下只是個時間問題。C選項中的besubmerged是錄音中disappearsunderwater的同義替換,因此C選項“整個歐洲海岸將會被淹沒”正確。A選項“歐洲豐富的文化遺產(chǎn)將會完全失去”;B選項“歐洲的海水將會被嚴(yán)重污染”和D選項“主要的歐洲景點將會消失”在錄音中均沒有信息提及,因此可排除。

8.WhatdoesthemansayaboutVenice?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問關(guān)于威尼斯,男士說了什么?男士最后提及,威尼斯這個城市一直都被海水威脅著,每天早上游客都要踏著搭建好的木板小道到達自己的旅店。A選項“早上游客們通過木制的小路到達旅館”與錄音原文表述相符,因此正確。B選項“吸引了大批來自國內(nèi)外的游客”;C選項“人們沒有船就不能四處走動”和D選項“水道日益受到污染”在錄音中均沒有信息提及,因此可排除。

13.單選題

Questions22to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

問題1選項

A.Deteriorationinthequalityofnewmusic.

B.Insightsintothefeaturesofgoodmusic.

C.Olderpeople’schangingmusicaltastes.

D.Olderpeople’saversiontonewmusic.

問題2選項

A.Theynolongerlistentonewmusic.

B.Theyfindallmusicsoundsthesame.

C.Theycanmakesubtledistinctionsaboutmusic.

D.Theyseldomlistentosongsreleasedintheirteens.

問題3選項

A.Themoreyouareexposedtosomething,themorefamiliarit’llbetoyou.

B.Themoreyouareexposedtosomething,thedeeperyou’llunderstandit.

C.Themoreyouexperiencesomething,thelongeryou’llrememberit.

D.Themoreyouexperiencesomething,thebetteryou’llappreciateit.

問題4選項

A.Teenagers’memoriesaremorelasting.

B.Teenagers’emotionsaremoreintense.

C.Teenagersaremuchmoresensitive.

D.Teenagersaremuchmoresentimental.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

【解析】RecordingThree

[22]Whydooldpeopledislikenewmusic?AsI’vegrownolder,Ioftenhearpeoplemyagesaythingsliketheyjustdon’tmakegoodmusicliketheyusedto.Whydoesthishappen?Luckily,psychologycangiveussomeinsightsintothispuzzle.Musicaltastesbegintocrystallizeasearlyasage13or14.Bythetimewe’reinourearly20s,thesetastesgetlockedintoplaceprettyfirmly.

[23]Infact,studieshavefoundthatbythetimeweturn33,mostofushavestoppedlisteningtonewmusic.Meanwhile,popularsongsreleasedwhenyou’reinyourearlyteensarelikelytoremainquitepopularamongyouragegroupfortherestofyourlife.

Therecouldbeabiologicalexplanationforthis,asthere’sevidencethatthebrain’sabilitytomakesubtledistinctionsbetweendifferentchords,rhythms,andmelodiesdeteriorateswithage.Sotoolderpeople,newer,lessfamiliarsongsmightall“soundthesame”.

[22]Butthere’remaybesomesimplerreasonsforolderpeople’saversiontonewermusic.[24]Oneofthemostresearchedlawsofsocialpsychologyissomethingcalledthe“mereexposureeffect”,whichinessencemeansthatthemorewe’reexposedtosomething,themorewetendtolikeit.

Thishappenswithpeopleweknow,theadvertisementswesee,andthesongswelistento.

Whenyou’reinyourearlyteens,youprobablyspendafairamountoftimelisteningtomusicorwatchingmusicvideos.Yourfavoritesongsandartistsbecomefamiliar,comfortingpartsofyourroutine.Formanypeopleover30,jobandfamilyobligationsincrease,sothere’slesstimetospenddiscoveringnewmusic.Instead,manywillsimplylistentoold,familiarfavoritesfromthatperiodoftheirliveswhentheyhadmorefreetime.

Ofcourse,thoseteenyearsweren’tnecessarilycarefree.They’refamouslyconfusing,whichiswhysomanyTVshowsandmoviesrevolvearoundthehighschoolturmoil.

[25]Psychologyresearchhasshownthattheemotionsthatweexperienceasteensseemmoreintensethanthosethatcomelater.Andwealsoknowthatintenseemotionsareassociatedwithstrongermemoriesandpreferences.Bothofthesemightexplainwhythesongswelistentoduringthisperiodbecomesomemorableandbeloved.

Sothere’snothingwrongwithyourparentsbecausetheydon’tlikeyourmusic.Rather,it’sallpartofthenaturalorderofthings.

22.Whatdoesthespeakermainlydiscussinthistalk?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問說話者在這次演講中主要討論了什么?錄音開頭就提出為什么老年人不喜歡新音樂的問題,后來提到也許還有一些更簡單的原因?qū)е吕夏耆藢π乱魳返姆锤小R虼薉選項“老年人對新音樂的反感”正確。A選項“新音樂質(zhì)量的下降”、B選項“對好音樂特點的洞察”以及C選項“老年人不斷變化的音樂品味”均不是這次演講討論的主要內(nèi)容,因此排除。

23.Whathavestudiesfoundaboutmostpeoplebythetimetheyturned33?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問關(guān)于大多數(shù)到了33歲的人,研究發(fā)現(xiàn)了什么?錄音提到,研究發(fā)現(xiàn),在我們到了33歲的時候,我們中的大多數(shù)人已經(jīng)不再聽新音樂了。A選項中的nolonger是原文stopped的同義轉(zhuǎn)述,因此A選項“他們不再聽新音樂”正確。B選項“他們覺得所有音樂都一樣”表述過于絕對,原文中說的是上了年紀(jì)的人覺得較新的、較不熟悉的音樂聽上去都一樣,并不是所有的音樂,因此B選項排除;C選項“他們能對音樂進行細微的區(qū)分”,與原文表述恰好相反,錄音提到的是隨著年齡的增長,大腦對不同和弦、節(jié)奏和旋律進行微妙區(qū)分的能力會退化,因此C選項錯誤;D選項“他們很少聽十幾歲時發(fā)行的歌曲”表述錯誤,錄音中提及,在你十幾歲的時候發(fā)布的流行歌曲,很可能在你的余生中,在你的同齡人中仍然非常受歡迎,因此D選項也可排除。

24.Whatdowelearnfromoneofthemostresearchedlawsofsocialpsychology?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問從社會心理學(xué)中被研究得最多的一個規(guī)律中,我們能學(xué)到什么?錄音中提及,社會心理學(xué)研究最多的定律之一是“純粹接觸效應(yīng)”的東西,從本質(zhì)上說,這意味著我們越接觸某樣?xùn)|西,我們越傾向于喜歡它。D選項“你對某事物感受得越多,你就越喜歡它”是對錄音原文的同義轉(zhuǎn)述,因此正確。A選項“你接觸

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