2022年考研考博-考博英語-中國(guó)財(cái)政科學(xué)研究院考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)81

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-中國(guó)財(cái)政科學(xué)研究院考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Therecomesatimeineveryman’slife______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thenhehastothink

B.whichheneeds

C.whenhehastothink

D.thereforehehastoworkhard

【答案】C

【解析】考查定語從句。句意：每個(gè)人一生中都會(huì)有一個(gè)需要自己思考的時(shí)候。橫線部分是修飾atime的定語從句；定語從句的關(guān)系詞中關(guān)系代詞which一般作從句的主語或賓語，作賓語時(shí)可省略，關(guān)系副詞when作從句的時(shí)間狀語。Then和therefore不引導(dǎo)定語從句，故A選項(xiàng)thenhehastothink和D選項(xiàng)thereforehehastoworkhard錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Blackpeoplearebynomeans______whitepeople.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.inferiorover

B.moreinferiorthan

C.inferiorto

D.moreinferiorto

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞用法。A選項(xiàng)inferiorover錯(cuò)誤，inferior不和over連用；B選項(xiàng)moreinferiorthan“更低劣的”，黑人和白人都不低劣，用比較級(jí)不符合語境；C選項(xiàng)inferiorto，beinferiortosb./sth.“較差的”，符合題意；D選項(xiàng)moreinferiorto用法錯(cuò)誤。句意：黑人一點(diǎn)也不比白人低劣。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Nowhereinnatureisaluminumfoundfree,owingtoitsalways_____withotherelements,mostcommonlywithoxygen.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.combined

B.havingcombined

C.combine

D.beingcombined

【答案】D

【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：在自然界中找不到游離的鋁，因?yàn)殇X總是和其他元素結(jié)合在一起，最常見的是和氧結(jié)合在一起，。根據(jù)owingtoits確定用名詞形式，根據(jù)語境確定動(dòng)名詞應(yīng)該是被動(dòng)形式，表示狀態(tài)，D選項(xiàng)beingcombined符合題意。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Effortsshouldbemadetocultivateabusinessandlegalenvironment_____faircompetitionbetweennationalindustriesandforeign-fundedenterprises.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.facilitate

B.facilitated

C.facilitating

D.tofacilitate

【答案】D

【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：我們要著力營(yíng)造良好的貿(mào)易和法制環(huán)境，以便促進(jìn)民族產(chǎn)業(yè)與外資企業(yè)公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。A選項(xiàng)facilitate動(dòng)詞原形；B選項(xiàng)facilitated過去分詞，表被動(dòng)；C選項(xiàng)facilitating現(xiàn)在分詞，表主動(dòng)；D選項(xiàng)tofacilitate不定式，表目的。根據(jù)語境，營(yíng)造良好的氛圍是為了促進(jìn)發(fā)展，D選項(xiàng)tofacilitate符合題意。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

______wasnotourconcern.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Nomatterhowhemightpasstheexamination

B.Whetherhepassedtheexaminationornot

C.Thoughhemightpasstheexamination

D.Whilehepassedtheexamination

【答案】B

【解析】考查主語從句。句意：他考試及格與否不關(guān)我們的事。橫線部分為主語從句。B選項(xiàng)Whetherhepassedtheexaminationornot中whether…ornot“無論，是否”，符合題意。A選項(xiàng)Nomatterhowhemightpasstheexamination去掉might選項(xiàng)符合語法，翻譯成：無論他怎樣通過考試。C選項(xiàng)Thoughhemightpasstheexamination中though“盡管”，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，不符合語境。D選項(xiàng)Whilehepassedtheexamination中while“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候”，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，不符合語境。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

ExplorationoftheSolarSystemiscontinuing,andatthepresentrateofprogressalltheplanets______withinthenext50years.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.willhavebeencontacted

B.willhavecontacted

C.willbecontacted

D.willcontact

【答案】A

【解析】考查將來完成時(shí)。句意：對(duì)太陽系的探索仍在繼續(xù)，以目前的速度，我們將在未來50年內(nèi)與所有行星取得聯(lián)系。根據(jù)語境，可知這個(gè)句子的時(shí)態(tài)是將來完成時(shí)，在這里表示在將來某一時(shí)間一直持續(xù)的動(dòng)作，其結(jié)構(gòu)是will（第二、三人稱）+have+過去分詞（done），A選項(xiàng)willhavebeencontacted符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

______Ihavealreadymentioned,cardiosurgeryisoneoftheamazingnewsurgicaltechniquesthathavebeendevelopedinrecentyears.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Which

B.What

C.As

D.This

【答案】C

【解析】考查定語從句。句意：正如我已經(jīng)提到的，心臟外科手術(shù)是近年來發(fā)展起來的令人驚奇的外科新技術(shù)之一。根據(jù)題干中兩個(gè)完整的句子用逗號(hào)連接，以及選項(xiàng)中的引導(dǎo)詞，可知考查非限制性定語從句。As引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí)可放在句首，修飾后面的主句或主句的一部分，意思為“正如，像”，C選項(xiàng)符合題意。A選項(xiàng)which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí)放在所修飾部分或主句后面，不放在句首；B選項(xiàng)what不引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句；D選項(xiàng)this為指示代詞，不引導(dǎo)從句。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

TheBeatGenerationisalabelappliedtoanon-conformistsocialmovementbeguninNewYorkCityinthe1950s.Itsmessagewascarriedbyagroupofwriterswhousedstream-of-consciousnessformstoexpresstheinsightsandlongingsofthosewhorejectedthemainstreamvaluesofthetimes.AlthoughtheBeatwritersproducedfewlastingworks,theirattitudesinspiredrockmusicartistsandsocialmovementsofthe1960sandbeyond.

Thetermbeatwascoinedin1964byHerbertHuncke.Hemeantittobeasynonymfortiedordownandout.In1948,thewordwasusedbyJackKerouacinhisphraseBeatGeneration,bywhichhechangedthereferencetomeanupbeatandbeatific.Thephrasefinallyenteredpublicconsciousnessin1952withJohnClellonHolmes’sarticleintheNewYorkTimesMagazinecalled“ThisistheBeatGeneration.”

TheoriginalBeatswereagroupoffriendsfromNewYorkCitywhometinthemid-1940s.TheyincludedJackKerouac,AllenGinsberg,NealCassady,andWilliamS.Burroughs.ThatcoregroupmovedtoSanFrancisco,wheretheywerejoinedbythepoetLawrenceFerlinghettiandmanyothers.

ThefirstfamousworkofBeatliteraturewasthelongpoem,Howl,byAllenGinsberg.In1955,GinsbergreadthepoemaloudatagalleryinSanFrancisco,causingastirwithitsportrayalofdruguseandhomosexuality.ItsfamewasfueledbytheobscenitytrialofLawrenceFerlinghetti,whosoldthepoeminhisbookstore.ButFerlinghettiwasacquittedwhenthejudgeruledthattheworkdidhave“redeemingsocialimportance”andthuswasnotobscene.

ThemostsuccessfulBeatnovelistwasJackKerouac.Inhisbestnovel,OntheRoad,publishedin1957,KerouacdescribedanautomobiletriparoundtheUnitedStatesbyacharacterbasedonhimself,SalParadise,andDeanMoriarty,basedonKerouac’sfriendNealCassady.ThenovelmadeCassadyintoaculturaliconknownforhisirresponsiblelifestyle,womanizing,amorality,andlustforlife.

OntheRoadbecameknownasmuchforhowKerouacwroteitasforitscontent.Kerouacallegedlywashighonpillswhilehewroteit,andhetypeditonacontinuousscrollofpapersothathewouldnothavetointerrupthisthoughtsbychangingpaper.Heissaidtohavebelievedthat“thefirstthoughtisthebestthought”,andheclaimedthatheneverrevisedwhathewrote.Thoughhesaidthathewrotethebookinjustthreeweeks,thetruthisthathehadbeenplanningthenovelforyearsandthathewroteseveraldrafts.

AlsoinfluentialwasanovelbyWilliamS.Burroughs,NakedLunch,whichalsosurvivedanobscenitytrial.Inthatwork,Burroughs,whowasadrugaddicthimself,tellsofhisdrug-inducedfantasiesandhistravelsamongaddictsandcriminals.

Inthe1960s,thosewhofollowedBeatphilosophybecameknownashippiesoryippies.TheirculturewascenteredinSanFrancisco,whichbecameacenterofrockmusic,drugculture,andprotestagainstthewarinVietnam.

TheBeatGeneration’slastingcontributiontoliteratureisthatitencouragedwritingonmorepersonaltopics,includingthoseshowingtheunpleasantsidesofhumannatureandofsociety.Itvalidatedexpressionthroughinformal,conversationallanguageandmadeprofanityapermissibletoolforrevealinghumanfeelings.

26.Thewordcoinedinthepassageisclosestinmeaningto________.

27.WhydoestheauthormentiontheNewYorkTimesMagazineinthepassage?

28.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrueofOntheRoad?

29.Thewordinterruptinthepassageisclosestinmeaningto________.

30.Accordingtothepassage,Beatliteraturecanbestbedescribedas________.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.invented

B.spread

C.minted

D.explained

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.ToshowtheoriginofthetermBeat.

B.ToidentifywhenthetermBeatGenerationbecamewidelyknown.

C.TonametheNewYorkTimesasaBeatnewspaper.

D.TogiveinformationaboutJohnClellonHolmes.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.ItportraystherecklesslifestyleofAmericanyoungstersinthelate1950s.

B.ItwascompletedinashorttimewhileJackKerouacwasondrugs.

C.ItmadeNealCassadyanimportantsymbolofalibertinelifestyle.

D.ItisbasedontwocharacterstakingaroadtriparoundNorthAmerica.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.suspend

B.introduce

C.express

D.exclaim

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.beingbannedbythecourts

B.havinglittlelastinginfluence

C.addressingpersonalfeelings,ofteninrebellionagainstsociety

D.expressingtheconservativeviewsofthe1950s

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】26.語義推測(cè)題。Coined意思是創(chuàng)造（新詞等），根據(jù)第二段Thetermbeatwascoinedin1964byHerbertHuncke.In1948,thewordwasusedbyJackKerouac…Thephrasefinallyenteredpublicconsciousnessin1952withJohnClellonHolmes’sarticleintheNewYorkTimesMagazinecalled“ThisistheBeatGeneration.”（beat這個(gè)詞是由HerbertHuncke在1964年創(chuàng)造。1948年，杰克?凱魯亞克使用了這個(gè)詞……這個(gè)詞在1952年約翰?克萊倫?霍姆斯在《紐約時(shí)報(bào)雜志》發(fā)表的一篇題為《這是垮掉的一代》的文章中才最終進(jìn)入公眾的意識(shí)。），可知第二段在講beat這個(gè)詞的前世今生，從來源到如今的運(yùn)用，所以A選項(xiàng)“發(fā)明，創(chuàng)造；捏造”正確，B選項(xiàng)“傳播”和D選項(xiàng)“解釋”錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“新生產(chǎn)的”：根據(jù)時(shí)間推算不合理，故錯(cuò)誤。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

27.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句Thephrasefinallyenteredpublicconsciousnessin1952withJohnClellonHolmes’sarticleintheNewYorkTimesMagazinecalled“ThisistheBeatGeneration.”（這個(gè)詞在1952年JohnClellonHolmes在《紐約時(shí)報(bào)雜志》上發(fā)表的一篇題為《這是垮掉的一代》的文章中才最終進(jìn)入公眾的意識(shí)），可知“垮掉的一代”因?yàn)闀r(shí)代雜志在1952年被廣為人知，所以B選項(xiàng)“確定‘垮掉的一代’這個(gè)術(shù)語何時(shí)廣為人知”正確，D選項(xiàng)“提供關(guān)于JohnClellonHolmes的信息”不是表達(dá)的重點(diǎn)，故錯(cuò)誤。A選項(xiàng)“為了說明Beat這個(gè)詞的起源”：這個(gè)詞是HerbertHuncke創(chuàng)造的，故錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“紐約時(shí)報(bào)是一份垮掉的報(bào)紙”：不符合文章意思，故錯(cuò)誤。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

28.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段最后一句ThenovelmadeCassadyintoaculturaliconknownforhisirresponsiblelifestyle,womanizing,amorality,andlustforlife.（這部小說使卡薩迪成為一個(gè)文化標(biāo)簽，以他不負(fù)責(zé)任的生活方式、好色、不道德和對(duì)生活的欲望而聞名。），可知人們把浪子和NealCassady聯(lián)系在一起，所以C選項(xiàng)“這使得NealCassady成為放蕩不羈的生活方式的重要代表”正確，A選項(xiàng)“描繪了20世紀(jì)50年代末美國(guó)年輕人魯莽，不計(jì)后果的生活方式”中文化形象跟美國(guó)年輕人現(xiàn)實(shí)的生活方式不是一個(gè)概念，故錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“在JackKerouac吸毒的時(shí)候短時(shí)間完成”：根據(jù)第六段倒數(shù)第一句hehadbeenplanningthenovelforyearsandthathewroteseveraldrafts（他已經(jīng)計(jì)劃這本小說好幾年了，并且寫了好幾次草稿），可知這部小說花了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間完成，故錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“基于兩個(gè)人物在北美的公路旅行”：根據(jù)第五段第二句KerouacdescribedanautomobiletriparoundtheUnitedStatesbyacharacterbasedonhimself,SalParadise,andDeanMoriarty,basedonKerouac’sfriendNealCassady.（Kerouac描述了一個(gè)以他自己為原型的SalParadise和以他朋友NealCassady為原型的DeanMoriarty環(huán)游美國(guó)的公路旅行。），可知是環(huán)游美國(guó)而非在北美，故錯(cuò)誤。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

29.語義推測(cè)題。interrupt意思是中斷，根據(jù)第六段第二句hetypeditonacontinuousscrollofpapersothathewouldnothavetointerrupthisthoughtsbychangingpaper.（他把這篇文章打印在一卷連續(xù)的紙上，這樣就不會(huì)因?yàn)閾Q紙而打斷自己的想法），把文章打印在連續(xù)的紙張上，可知是想讓想法也是連續(xù)的，推測(cè)interrupt和連續(xù)意思相反，所以A選項(xiàng)“暫?！狈项}意，故正確。B選項(xiàng)“介紹”，C選項(xiàng)“表達(dá)”和D選項(xiàng)“驚叫”不符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

30.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第九段第一句TheBeatGeneration’slastingcontributiontoliteratureisthatitencouragedwritingonmorepersonaltopics,includingthoseshowingtheunpleasantsidesofhumannatureandofsociety.（“垮掉的一代”對(duì)文學(xué)的長(zhǎng)久貢獻(xiàn)在于，它鼓勵(lì)人們寫更多關(guān)于個(gè)人的話題，包括那些顯示人性和社會(huì)不愉快一面的話題。），可知垮掉的一代文學(xué)作品主要寫個(gè)人感情，包括人性和社會(huì)中讓人不悅的內(nèi)容，所以C選項(xiàng)“處理個(gè)人感情，通常是對(duì)社會(huì)的反抗”正確，B選項(xiàng)“沒有持久的影響”錯(cuò)誤。A選項(xiàng)“被法院禁止”：根據(jù)第四段最后一句Ferlinghettiwasacquittedwhenthejudgeruledthattheworkdidhave“redeemingsocialimportance”andthuswasnotobscene.（但是當(dāng)法官裁定這項(xiàng)工作確實(shí)具有“補(bǔ)償性的社會(huì)重要性”，因此不是淫穢的時(shí)候，F(xiàn)erlinghetti被無罪釋放），可知這不被法院禁止，故錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“表達(dá)20世紀(jì)50年代的保守觀點(diǎn)”：根據(jù)第八段Inthe1960s,thosewhofollowedBeatphilosophybecameknownashippiesoryippies.（在20世紀(jì)60年代，那些遵循垮掉哲學(xué)的人被稱為嬉皮士或雅皮士。），可知垮掉的文學(xué)表達(dá)的是非傳統(tǒng)的觀點(diǎn)，故錯(cuò)誤。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Hydrogenisthefundamentalelementoftheuniverse______itprovidesthebuildingblocksfromwhichtheotherelementsareproduced.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.sothat

B.butthat

C.inthat

D.providedthat

【答案】C

【解析】考查狀語從句。句意：氫是宇宙的基本元素，因?yàn)樗峁┝似渌禺a(chǎn)生的基石。A選項(xiàng)sothat“因此”引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句，B選項(xiàng)butthat“要不是”和D選項(xiàng)providedthat“條件是……”引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，均不符合題意。C選項(xiàng)inthat“由于”引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句，符合主從句的因果關(guān)系。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

The_______featureinTed’scharacterwaspride;hecouldn’teverthinkofdependingonanyonebuthimself.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.controlling

B.prevailing

C.predominant

D.primary

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)controlling“控制欲強(qiáng)的（含貶義）”；B選項(xiàng)prevailing“普遍的，盛行的”；C選項(xiàng)predominant“明顯的；占優(yōu)勢(shì)的”；D選項(xiàng)primary“主要的，基本的”。句意：驕傲是泰德的性格中_______的特點(diǎn)；除了他自己，他從不指望別人。根據(jù)語境，這里是指泰德非常驕傲，很容易看出來，所以predominant“明顯的”符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Mostcellsaretransparent—inotherwords,theyarenotverygoodatreflectingorabsorbinglight.Tolookatthemunderamicroscopethusrequirestrickery.Manyofthesetrickskillthecells,andeventhosethatkeepthemalivelookonlyatslicesthrougheachcell,ratherthanseeingthewholethinginthreedimensions.MichaelFeld,oftheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology,andhiscolleagues,thinktheycanchangethat.Theyhaveinventedawaytolookatcellsthatarestillalive.Moreover,theycandosointhreedimensions.Theirmethodiscalledtomographicphasemicroscopy,anditisreportedinthisweek’sNatureMethods.Insteadofrelyingonabsorbedorreflectedlight,Dr.Feld’stechniquecelebratestransparencybylookingatlightthatgetsthroughunaltered.Itdoessobymeasuringapropertycalledtherefractiveindex.

Thisindexmeasuresthespeedoflightinamaterial.(Lightzipsalongattheactual“speedoflight”,fasterthanwhichnothingcango,onlywhenitistravellingthroughavacuum.)Thedifferentcomponentsofacell,thoughtransparent,havedifferentrefractiveindices.Dr.Feldandhisteamthereforesetouttomapwhatthesedifferencesare,withaviewtousingthemtodistinguishbetweencellularcomponents.

Tomeasuretherefractiveindicesofdifferentpartsofacelltheyuseatechniquecalledinterferometry,whichinvolvessplittingabeamoflightintwo.Onehalf,knownastheobjectbeam,passesthroughthecell;theotherisdirectedalongadifferentpathandactasareference.Thelengthofthereferencepathissuchthatifnosampleispresent,thetwodaughterbeamswillbeasperfectlyinphasewhentheymeetastheywerewhentheywereseparated.Thecrestsandthetroughsoftheirwaveswillreinforceeachother,andtheresultwillbebrightness.Themorethatthelightpassingthroughthesampleissloweddown,however,themorethetwobeamswillbeoutofphase.Crestwillfallontrough,andtheresultwillbedarkness.ItisthisphaseshiftthatgivesDr.Feld’snewformofmicroscopyitsname.

Asinglepairofbeamsdoesnot,however,produceausefulimage.Todothatrequiresscanningtheobjectbeamthroughthetargetaboutahundreddifferentways.Fromtherefractiveindexofeachpathitispossible—withtheapplicationofsomesuitablycrunchycomputingpower—toproduceathree-dimensionalimage.

Totesthisidea,Dr.Feldlookedatcervical-cancercells.Ifyouidentifythiscancerearly,thepatientwillprobablysurvive.Missit,andhe/shewilldie.Dr.Feldwonderedifthechangesthatoccurduringcancerwouldshowupusinghisnewmethod.Theydid,inapartofthecellcalledthenucleolus.Thisistheplacewherethecomponentsofproteinfactoriesaremade.Sincecancercellsgrowrapidly,andthushaveahighdemandforproteins,itwasalikelyplacetoexpectchanges.

Dr.Feldalsohasplanstousebeamsofdifferentcolors,sinceeachcolorhasaslightlydifferentrefractiveindexinagivenmaterial.Thatwouldprovideextradataforthecomputertochewon,andprobablyresultinbetterpictures.Withenoughpictures,Dr.Feld’stechniquemaymakebiologyastransparentasthecellsitstudies.

31.Tomographicphasemicroscopyisdifferentfromtheothertricksthatlookatcellsinthat________.

32.WhichoneofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEofthespeedoflightinmaterials?

33.Theresultofdarknessinthetechniqueofinterferometryimpliesthat________.

34.Dr.Feld’smethodcouldbeappliedintoidentifyingcancerearlyby________.

35.Thebesttitleifthepassagecouldbe________.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thelightthatgetsthroughthecellsisunalteredintomographicphasemicroscopy

B.itdoesnotrequirethetrickerytokillcells

C.itisnotdependentonabsorbedorreflectedlight

D.itcouldseeallthecomponentsofthecellsfromthreedimensions

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Lightrunsthefastestwhenitpassesthroughtransparentmaterialsintherealworld.

B.Thespeedoflightcanonlybepreciselymeasuredwhenthelightistravellinginvacuum.

C.Thespeedoflightinanymaterialisslowerthantheactual“speedoflight”.

D.Thespeedoflightshiftswhenthelighttravelsthroughdifferentcells.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.thereisnolightpassingthroughthesample

B.therefractiveindexofthesampleisverygreat

C.thespeedofthelightpassingthroughthesampleisveryslow

D.thetwodaughterbeamsweakeneachother

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.detectingchangesofrefractiveindicesinthecomponentsofproteinfactories

B.findingoutthechangesoftherefractiveindicesinsomepartsofthecervical-cancercells

C.examiningthechangesoftherefractiveindicesinthenucleolus

D.identifyingthechangesoftherefractiveindicesinpartofthenucleolusofthecancercells

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.ImageoftheTransparentCells

B.NewTechniqueofCelebratingTransparency

C.RefractiveIndicesoftheTransparentCells

D.NewMethodofDetectingCancerCells

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】31.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第一段倒數(shù)第二句Insteadofrelyingonabsorbedorreflectedlight,Dr.Feld’stechnique…（費(fèi)爾德博士的技術(shù)不依賴于吸收光或反射光），可知層析相顯微鏡技術(shù)最獨(dú)特的地方在于C選項(xiàng)“不依賴于吸收或反射光”，所以C選項(xiàng)正確。A選項(xiàng)“通過細(xì)胞的光在層析相顯微鏡中是不變的”：根據(jù)第三段第一句Tomeasuretherefractiveindicesofdifferentpartsofacell…whichinvolvessplittingabeamoflightintwo.（為了測(cè)量細(xì)胞不同部分的折射率……這種技術(shù)包括將一束光一分為二。），可知在層析相顯微鏡技術(shù)中，通過細(xì)胞的光會(huì)變化，故錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“不需要技巧來殺死細(xì)胞”：根據(jù)第一段第三句Manyofthesetrickskillthecells,andeventhosethatkeepthemalivelookonlyatslicesthrougheachcell（許多這樣的把戲殺死了細(xì)胞，甚至那些使細(xì)胞存活的把戲也只能看到每個(gè)細(xì)胞的切片），可知不是殺死細(xì)胞才能觀察，而是在觀察的過程中殺死了細(xì)胞，故錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“它可以從三維空間看到細(xì)胞的所有組成部分”：文中沒有提到，故錯(cuò)誤。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

32.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第二句Lightzipsalongattheactual“speedoflight”,fasterthanwhichnothingcango,onlywhenitistravellingthroughavacuum.（只有在真空中，光以實(shí)際的“光速”移動(dòng)，才能超過任何物體的速度。），可知光在真空中最快，所以C選項(xiàng)“任何物質(zhì)中的光速都比實(shí)際的‘光速’要慢?！闭_，B選項(xiàng)“只有當(dāng)光在真空中傳播時(shí)，才能精確測(cè)量光速?！卞e(cuò)誤。A選項(xiàng)“在現(xiàn)實(shí)世界中，光通過透明材料時(shí)跑得最快。”和D選項(xiàng)“當(dāng)光通過不同的細(xì)胞時(shí)，光的速度會(huì)發(fā)生變化”文章沒有提到，故錯(cuò)誤。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

33.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段ifnosampleispresent,thetwodaughterbeamswillbeasperfectlyinphasewhentheymeet…Thecrestsandthetroughsoftheirwaveswillreinforceeachother,andtheresultwillbebrightness…themorethetwobeamswillbeoutofphase.Crestwillfallontrough,andtheresultwillbedarkness（如果沒有樣本存在，兩個(gè)子光束相遇時(shí)的相位完全相同……波浪的波峰和波谷會(huì)相互加強(qiáng)，結(jié)果就是明亮……兩束光的相位就越不一致。波峰將落在波谷上，結(jié)果將是黑暗。），可知如果兩個(gè)子光束相遇時(shí)相位相同，波峰和波谷會(huì)相互加強(qiáng)，結(jié)果是明亮，那么如果結(jié)果是黑暗，兩個(gè)子光束相位不一致，兩個(gè)子光束就是相互削弱，所以D選項(xiàng)“兩個(gè)子光束相互削弱”正確。A選項(xiàng)“沒有光通過樣品”的結(jié)果是明亮，故錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“樣品的折射率非常大”文中沒有提到，故錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“光通過樣品的速度非常慢”：通過很慢不一定是唯一原因，子光束的相位不同才是直接原因，故錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

34.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第五段第二、三句Dr.Feldwonderedifthechangesthatoccurduringcancerwouldshowupusinghisnewmethod.Theydid,inapartofthecellcalledthenucleolus.Thisistheplacewherethecomponentsofproteinfactoriesaremade.（菲爾德博士想知道，如果使用他的新方法，癌癥期間發(fā)生的變化是否會(huì)顯現(xiàn)出來。他們?cè)诩?xì)胞的核仁中找到了。這里是制造蛋白質(zhì)工廠成分的地方。），可知通過細(xì)胞核仁可以診斷癌癥，所以C選項(xiàng)“檢查核仁折光指數(shù)的變化”正確。A選項(xiàng)“檢測(cè)蛋白質(zhì)工廠成分的折射率變化”：文中指的是制造蛋白質(zhì)工廠成分的核仁，而不是這些成分，故錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“發(fā)現(xiàn)子宮頸癌細(xì)胞某些部位的折光指數(shù)變化”和D選項(xiàng)“識(shí)別部分癌細(xì)胞核仁的折光指數(shù)的變化”中不是觀察癌細(xì)胞的核仁，故錯(cuò)誤。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

35.主旨大意題。本文主要在講通過層析相顯微術(shù)觀察透明細(xì)胞，包括原理和運(yùn)用，所以B選項(xiàng)“觀察透明物的新技術(shù)”正確。根據(jù)A選項(xiàng)“透明細(xì)胞的圖像”，C選項(xiàng)“透明細(xì)胞的折射率”和D選項(xiàng)“檢測(cè)癌細(xì)胞的新方法”不能概括全文，故錯(cuò)誤。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

AmItounderstandthathisnowpost______noresponsibilitywithitatall?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.keeps

B.supports

C.carries

D.possesses

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)keeps“保持”；B選項(xiàng)supports“支持”；C選項(xiàng)carries“懷揣；攜帶”，carryresponsibilitywithsth“對(duì)……負(fù)責(zé)”；D選項(xiàng)possesses“擁有”。句意：我是否應(yīng)該理解，他現(xiàn)在的職位對(duì)此事不______任何責(zé)任嗎？根據(jù)短語carryresponsibilitywithsth.和這里表示負(fù)責(zé)任，C選項(xiàng)carries“懷揣；攜帶”符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

ItisoneoftheironiesofWesternmanthathehasneverfelt______inventionasathreattohiswayoflife.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.anyconcernwith

B.anyconcernabout

C.anyconcernin

D.anyconcernat

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)concernwith“關(guān)心，掛念”；B選項(xiàng)concernabout“擔(dān)心”；C選項(xiàng)concernin“涉及；與……有關(guān)”；D選項(xiàng)concernat非固定搭配。句意：諷刺的是，西方人從來沒有______發(fā)明對(duì)他們生活方式構(gòu)成威脅。根據(jù)語境，concernabout“擔(dān)心”搭配threat“威脅”比較合理，意指西方人不會(huì)擔(dān)心發(fā)明給生活造成威脅，符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

Wehaveplannedanexcitingpublicity_______withouradvertisers.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.struggle

B.conflict

C.battle

D.campaign

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)struggle“奮斗；抗?fàn)帯?；B選項(xiàng)conflict“沖突；爭(zhēng)執(zhí)”；C選項(xiàng)battle“戰(zhàn)役；較量”；D選項(xiàng)campaign“戰(zhàn)役；（有計(jì)劃的）活動(dòng)”。句意：我們和我們的廣告商計(jì)劃了一個(gè)令人興奮的宣傳_______。根據(jù)語境，這里是指廣告宣傳活動(dòng)，所以campaign“（有計(jì)劃的）活動(dòng)”符合題意。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

OneoftheprincipalthemesofWalzer’scritiqueofliberalcapitalismisthatitisinsufficientlyegalitarian.Walzer’scaseagainsttheeconomicinequalitygeneratedbycapitalismandinfavorof“aradicalredistributionofwealth”ispresentedinawidelycitedessayentitled“InDefenseofEquality”.

ThemoststrikingfeatureofWalzer’scritiqueisthat,farfromrejectingtheprincipleofrewardaccordingtomerit,Walzerinsistsonitsvalidity.Peoplewhoexcelshouldreceivethesuperiorbenefitsappropriatetotheirexcellence.Butpeopleexhibitagreatvarietyofqualities—“intelligence,physicalstrength,agilityandgrace,artisticcreativity,mechanicalskill,leadership,endurance,memory,psychologicalinsight,thecapacityforhardwork—evenmoralstrength,sensitivity,theabilitytoexpresscompassion”.Eachdeservesitsproperrecompense,andhenceaproperdistributionofmaterialgoodsshouldreflecthumandifferencesasmeasuredonallthesedifferentscales.Yet,undercapitalism,theabilitytomakemoney(“thegreenthumbofbourgeoissociety”)enablesitspossessortoacquirealmost“everyothersortofsocialgood”,suchastherespectandesteemofothers.

ThecenterpieceofWalzer’sargumentistheinvocationofaquotationfromPascal’sPensees,whichconcludes:“Tyrannyisthewishtoobtainbyonemeanswhatcanonlybehadbyanother.”Pascalbelievesthatweowedifferentdutiestodifferentqualities.Sowemightsaythatinfatuationistheproperresponsetocharm,andawetheproperresponsetostrength.Inthislight,Walzercharacterizescapitalismasthetyrannyofmoney(oroftheabilitytomakeit).AndWalzeradvocatesasthemeansofeliminatingthistyrannyandofrestoringgenuineequality“theabolitionofthepowerofmoneyoutsideitssphere”.WhatWalzerenvisionsisasocietyinwhichwealthisnolongerconvertibleintosocialgoodswithwhichithasnointrinsicconnection.

Walzer’sargumentisapuzzlingone.Afterall,whyshouldthosequalitiesunrelatedtotheproductionofmaterialgoodsberewardedwithmaterialgoods?Isitnottyrannical,inPascal’ssense,toinsistthatthosewhoexcelin“sensitivity”or“theabilitytoexpresscompassion”meritequalwealthwiththosewhoexcelinqualities(suchas“thecapacityforhardwork”)essentialinproducingwealth?YetWalzer’sargument,howeverdeficient,doespointtooneofthemostseriousweaknessesofcapitalism—namely,thatitbringstopredominantpositionsinasocietypeoplewho,nomatterhowlegitimatelytheyhaveearnedtheirmaterialrewards,oftenlackthoseotherqualitiesthatevokeaffectionoradmiration.Someevenargueplausiblythatthisweaknessmaybeirremediable:inanysocietythat,likeacapitalistsociety,seekstobecomeeverwealthierinmaterialtermsdisproportionaterewardsareboundtoflowtothepeoplewhoareinstrumentalinproducingtheincreaseinitswealth.

16.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto________.

17.TheauthormentionsallofthefollowingasissuesaddressedbyWalzerEXCEPT________.

18.Thepassageprovidessufficientinformationtoanswerwhichofthefollowingquestions?

19.TheauthorimpliesthatWalzer’sinterpretationoftheprincipleofrewardaccordingtomeritisdistinctiveforits________.

20.Theauthorimpliesthatsensitivityisnotaqualitythat________.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.arguethatWalzer’scritiqueofliberalcapitalismisthecornerstoneofWalzer’sthinking

B.presentmoreclearlythandoestheessay“InDefenseofEquality”thedistinctivefeaturesofWalzer’spolitico-economictheories

C.demonstratethatWalzer’scritiqueofliberalcapitalismisneitheroriginalnorpersuasive

D.outlineandtoexaminecriticallyWalzer’spositiononeconomicequality

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.properrecompenseforindividualexcellence

B.properinterpretationof“economicequality”

C.properlevelofasociety’swealth

D.groundsforcallingcapitalism“thetyrannyofmoney”

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Whatweightinrelationtootherqualitiesshouldaqualitylikesensitivityhave,accordingtoWalzer,indeterminingtheproperdistributionofgoods?

B.WhichqualitydoesWalzerdeemtoohighlyvaluedunderliberalcapitalism?

C.Whicharethesocialgoodsthatare,accordingtoWalzer,outsidethereachofthepowerofmoney?

D.WhatdeficienciesinWalzer’sownargumentdoesWalzeracknowledge?

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.insistenceonmaximizingeveryone’srewards

B.emphasisonequality

C.provenvalidity

D.broadconceptionofwhatconstitutesmerit

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.isessentialinproducingwealth

B.wealthypeoplelack

C.canbesensiblymeasuredonascale

D.characterizestyrannicalpeople

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】16.作者意圖題。根據(jù)第一段第一句OneoftheprincipalthemesofWalzer’scritiqueofliberalcapitalismisthatitisinsufficientlyegalitarian.（沃爾澤批評(píng)自由資本主義的一個(gè)主要主題是，它不夠平等）和第二句Walzer’scaseagainsttheeconomicinequalitygeneratedbycapitalismandinfavorof“aradicalredistributionofwealth”（沃爾澤反對(duì)資本主義產(chǎn)生的經(jīng)濟(jì)不平等，支持“激進(jìn)的財(cái)富再分配”），結(jié)合下文對(duì)這觀點(diǎn)的具體闡述，可知本文的目的是D選項(xiàng)“概述并批判性地審視沃爾澤在經(jīng)濟(jì)平等上的立場(chǎng)”。A選項(xiàng)：“證明沃爾澤對(duì)自由資本主義的批判是他思想的基石”，文章的重點(diǎn)不在沃爾澤的理論基礎(chǔ)，故錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“比《為平等辯護(hù)》這篇文章更清楚地呈現(xiàn)了沃爾澤的政治經(jīng)濟(jì)理論的鮮明特征”；C選項(xiàng)“證明沃爾澤對(duì)自由資本主義的批評(píng)既非原創(chuàng)也不具說服力”這只是文章的部分內(nèi)容，不足以概括全文。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

17.語義推測(cè)題。A選項(xiàng)“對(duì)個(gè)人卓越品質(zhì)的適當(dāng)獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)”：根據(jù)第二段第二句Peoplewhoexcelshouldreceivethesuperiorbenefitsappropriatetotheirexcellence.（卓越的人應(yīng)該得到與其卓越相稱的卓越利益。），可知A選項(xiàng)有提到，故錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“正確解釋‘經(jīng)濟(jì)平等’”：根據(jù)第一段第二句Walzer’scaseagainsttheeconomicinequalitygeneratedbycapitalism（沃爾澤反對(duì)資本主義產(chǎn)生的經(jīng)濟(jì)不平等），可知B選項(xiàng)有提到，故錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“稱資本主義為‘金錢暴政’的理由”：根據(jù)第三段第四句Inthislight,Walzercharacterizescapitalismasthetyrannyofmoney（據(jù)此，沃爾澤將資本主義描述為對(duì)于金錢的暴政。），可知D選項(xiàng)有提到，故錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“社會(huì)財(cái)富的適當(dāng)水平”文章沒有提到，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

18.語義推測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句Yet,undercapitalism,theabilitytomakemoneyenablesitspossessortoacquirealmost“everyothersortofsocialgood”,suchastherespectandesteemofothers.（然而，在資本主義制度下，賺錢的能力使其擁有者能夠獲得幾乎所有其他種類的社會(huì)福利，比如他人的敬意和尊重。），可知沃爾澤認(rèn)為賺錢的能力在資本主義制度中被高估了，隨后在后文闡述具體的情況，所以B選項(xiàng)“沃爾澤認(rèn)為在自由資本主義下什么品質(zhì)被高估了？”正確。A選項(xiàng)“沃爾澤認(rèn)為，在決定商品的合理分配時(shí)，像敏感性這樣的品質(zhì)與其他品質(zhì)相比應(yīng)該有多大的權(quán)重？”：根據(jù)第四段第三句Isitnottyrannical,inPascal’ssense,toinsistthatthosewhoexcelin“sensitivity”or“theabilitytoexpresscompassion”meritequalwealthwiththosewhoexcelinqualities(suchas“thecapacityforhardwork”)essentialinproducingwealth?（如果堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為，那些擅長(zhǎng)于“敏感”或“表達(dá)同情的能力”的人，應(yīng)獲得與那些擅長(zhǎng)于對(duì)創(chuàng)造財(cái)富至關(guān)重要的品質(zhì)（如“努力工作的能力”）的人同等的財(cái)富，按帕斯卡爾的意思，這難道不是專制暴政嗎？），這里只是點(diǎn)出敏感的品質(zhì)不應(yīng)該和其他品質(zhì)獲得相同等的財(cái)富，沒有點(diǎn)出應(yīng)該占的比重，故錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“根據(jù)沃爾澤的觀點(diǎn)，哪些社會(huì)商品是金錢所不能觸及的？”：根據(jù)第三段第五句AndWalzeradvocatesasthemeansofeliminatingthistyrannyandofrestoringgenuineequality“theabolitionofthepowerofmoneyoutsideitssphere”.（沃爾澤主張，要消除這種暴政，恢復(fù)真正的平等，就必須“在金錢的范圍之外廢除金錢的力量”。），這里講的是怎樣消除暴政，而不是金錢不能觸及哪些社會(huì)商品，故錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“沃爾澤承認(rèn)自己的論點(diǎn)有哪些不足之處？”：根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二句YetWalzer’sargument,howeverdeficient,doespointtooneofthemostseriousweaknessesofcapitalism（然則，沃爾澤的論點(diǎn)，無論它不充分到何種地步，確實(shí)指出了資本主義體制中最嚴(yán)重的一個(gè)弱點(diǎn)），這里講的是資本主義制度的弱點(diǎn)，而不是沃爾澤論點(diǎn)的不足之處，故錯(cuò)誤。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

19.語義推測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段第三、四句Butpeopleexhibitagreatvarietyofqualities…Eachdeservesitsproperrecompense,andhenceaproperdistributionofmaterialgoodsshouldreflecthumandifferencesasmeasuredonallthesedifferentscales.（但人們表現(xiàn)出各種各樣的品質(zhì)……每一種都應(yīng)得到適當(dāng)?shù)幕貓?bào)，因此，物質(zhì)財(cái)富的合理分配應(yīng)反映出在這些不同標(biāo)準(zhǔn)下的個(gè)人差異。），沃爾澤和其他人不一樣的地方在于對(duì)價(jià)值的定義更廣泛，所以D選項(xiàng)“什么是功績(jī)的廣義概念”正確。A選項(xiàng)“堅(jiān)持每個(gè)人的回報(bào)最大化”：文章只是提到合理的回報(bào)，故錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“強(qiáng)調(diào)平等”：不是解釋價(jià)值的概念中強(qiáng)調(diào)的，故錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“證明有效性”：是普遍同意的觀點(diǎn)，故錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

20.語義推測(cè)題。根據(jù)第四段第三句Isitnottyrannical…toinsistthatthosewhoexcelin“sensitivity”or“theabilitytoexpresscompassion”meritequalwealthwiththosewhoexcelinqualitiesessentialinproducingwealth?（如果堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為，那些擅長(zhǎng)于“敏感”或“表達(dá)同情的能力”的人，應(yīng)獲得與那些擅長(zhǎng)于對(duì)創(chuàng)造財(cái)富至關(guān)重要的品質(zhì)的人同等的財(cái)富，這難道不是專制暴政嗎？），可知作者認(rèn)為其他品質(zhì)也能創(chuàng)造財(cái)富，所以A選項(xiàng)“創(chuàng)造財(cái)富的必要條件”正確。B選項(xiàng)“有錢人缺少的品質(zhì)”，C選項(xiàng)“可以用刻度明確地測(cè)量”和D選項(xiàng)“專橫之人的特點(diǎn)”沒有提到，不是表達(dá)的重點(diǎn)，故錯(cuò)誤。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

16.單選題

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