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住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-云南大學考試名師押題精選卷I(帶答案詳解)(圖片可根據(jù)實際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題
Thesaleofalcoholsbeveragesis(
)tothoseabove21insomeregions.
問題1選項
A.confined
B.inhibited
C.obliged
D.restricted
【答案】D
【解析】動詞詞義辨析。四個選項都有“限制”的意思,其中A選項confine暗示束縛性、限制性的或阻撓性的限制;B選項inhibit強調(diào)禁止、抑制;C選項oblige除了“限制”外,還有“迫使”的含義,D選項restrict指限制行為、活動、事物的范圍;句意是‘在有些地區(qū),酒精飲料只能出售給21歲以上的成年人?!訢選項正確。
2.單選題
AscientistnamedChardonnetif,bywatchingsilkworms,realizedthatliquidleavesmustbeforcedthroughmanytinyholes(
)formfine,silk-likethreads.
問題1選項
A.whento
B.thatthey
C.iftheyareto
D.astheyareto
【答案】D
【解析】語法(狀語從句)題。分析題干可知,空格后的“formfine,silk-likethreads”在原句中為狀語從句,所以排除B選項;A選項缺少主語,排除;C選項的if引導的如果是真實條件句,主句部分則需要用將來吋態(tài),所以排除;D選項as可以引導的時間狀語從句,正確,句意是‘一位名叫Chardonnetif的科學家通過觀察桑蠶發(fā)現(xiàn),富含汁液的樹葉必須通很多微孔才能形成纖細的,如絲般的紋理?!?/p>
3.單選題
Infinance,opportunitycostanalysisreferstotheamountthatcouldhavebeenmadeinotherinvestments(
)theexpectedinvestmentreturn.
問題1選項
A.comparedin
B.ascomparing
C.compared
D.comparedwith
【答案】D
【解析】語法(分詞做狀語)題。分析題干結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空格后的“theexpectedinvestmentreturn預計投資收益”在原句中充當狀語成分,它的邏輯主語是theamount,需要用表示被動的過去分詞,排除B選項;固定搭配becomparedwith,表示“與…相比”,所以D選項正確。
4.單選題
Thebranchescouldhardly()theweightofthefruit.
問題1選項
A.retain
B.sustain
C.maintain
D.remain
【答案】B
【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項retain“保持、保留”;B選項sustain“維持、支撐”;C選項maintain“維護、維持”;D選項remain“剩下、留下”,句意為:樹枝幾乎無法承受果實的重量。sustaintheweightofsth“支撐某物”,因此選項B符合題意。
5.單選題
Thenumberofcopiesthepaperseilsseemstobein()proportiontotheamountofnewsitcontains.
問題1選項
A.diverse
B.inverse
C.reverse
D.averse
【答案】C
【解析】考查固定搭配。inreverse“相反”,本句意為“這份報紙的發(fā)行量似乎與它所包含的新聞量成反比”,這句話想要表達的是報紙發(fā)行量太少,inreverse表達“相反”的意思使得句子邏輯成立。因此選項C正確。
6.單選題
Theirsuccessinincreasingthemarketshareresultedfromtheirbreak-throughin()oftheproductconfiguration.
問題1選項
A.quality
B.stereotype
C.ads
D.maintenance
【答案】A
【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項quality“品質(zhì)、質(zhì)量”;B選項stereotype“老套、成見”;C選項ads“廣告”;D選項maintenance“維持、保養(yǎng)”,句意為:他們之所以能成功地提高市場份額,是因為他們在產(chǎn)品配置的質(zhì)量上取得了突破。quality“品質(zhì)、質(zhì)量”符合題意,因此選A。
7.單選題
ForthepeoplewhohavenevertraveledacrosstheAtlanticthevoyageisafantasy.ButforthepeoplewhocrossitfrequentlyonecrossingoftheAtlanticisverymuchlikeanother,andtheydonotmakethevoyageforthe(1)ofitsinterest.Mostofusarequitehappywhenwefeel
(2)
togotobedandpleasedwhenthejourney
(3)
.
OnthefirstnightthistimeIfeltespeciallylazyandwenttobed
(4)
earlierthanusual.WhenI
(5)
mycabin,Iwassurprised
(6)
thatIwastohaveacompanionduringmytrip,whichmademefeelalittleunhappy.Ihadexpected
(7)
buttherewasasuitcase
(8)
mineintheoppositioncorner.Iwonderedwhohecouldbeandwhathewouldbelike.Soonafterwardshecamein.Hewasthesortofmanyoumightmeet
(9)
,exceptthathewaswearing
(10)
goodclothesthatImadeupmymindthatwewouldnot
(11)
whoeverhewasanddidnotsay
(12)
.AsIhadexpected,hedidnottalktomeeitherbutwenttobedimmediately.
IsupposeIsleptforseveralhoursbecausewhenIwokeupitwasalreadythemiddleofthenight.Ifeltcoldbutcovered
(13)
aswellasIcouldandtriestogobacktosleep.ThenIrealizedthata
(14)
wascomingfromthewindowopposite.IthoughtperhapsIhadforgotten
(15)
thedoor,soIgotup
(16)
thedoorbutfounditalreadylockedfromtheinside.Thecoldairwascomingfromthewindowopposite.Icrossedtheroomand
(17)
themoonshonethroughitontotheotherbed.
(18)
there.Ittookmeaminuteortwoto
(19)
thedoormyself.Irealizedthatmycompanion
(20)
throughthewindowintothesea.
問題1選項
A.reason
B.motive
C.cause
D.sake
問題2選項
A.tiredenough
B.enoughtired
C.enoughtiring
D.enoughtiring
問題3選項
A.achieved
B.finish
C.isover
D.isintheend
問題4選項
A.quite
B.rather
C.fairly
D.somehow
問題5選項
A.arrivedin
B.reachedto
C.arrivedto
D.reachedat
問題6選項
A.forseeing
B.thatIsaw
C.atseeing
D.tosee
問題7選項
A.beinglonely
B.tobelonely
C.beingalone
D.tobealone
問題8選項
A.like
B.as
C.similarthan
D.thesamethat
問題9選項
A.ineachplace
B.forallparts
C.somewhere
D.anywhere
問題10選項
A.aso
B.so
C.sucha
D.such
問題11選項
A.treattogetherwell
B.passtogetherwell
C.getonwelltogether
D.gobywelltogether
問題12選項
A.himasingleword
B.himnotoneword
C.asinglewordtohim
D.notonewordtohim
問題13選項
A.upme
B.upmyself
C.uptomyself
D.myselfup
問題14選項
A.draft
B.voice
C.air
D.sound
問題15選項
A.toclose
B.closing
C.tohavetoclose
D.forclosing
問題16選項
A.toshut
B.forshutting
C.inshutting
D.butshut
問題17選項
A.whiledoinglikethat
B.asIdidlikethat
C.asIdidso
D.atdoingso
問題18選項
A.Itwasnoone
B.Therewasnoone
C.Itwasanyone
D.Therewasanyone
問題19選項
A.remindtolock
B.remembertolock
C.remindlocking
D.rememberlocking
問題20選項
A.hastojump
B.wastohavejumped
C.musthavejumped
D.couldbejumped.
【答案】第1題:D
第2題:A
第3題:C
第4題:B
第5題:A
第6題:D
第7題:D
第8題:A
第9題:D
第10題:D
第11題:C
第12題:C
第13題:D
第14題:A
第15題:A
第16題:A
第17題:C
第18題:B
第19題:D
第20題:C
【解析】(1)固定搭配。Forthereasonof“原因是”;forthemotivateof“動機是”;forthecauseof“原因是”;forthesakeof“為了……”。句意:他們航行不是為了自己的興趣。選項D符合題意。
(2)語法題。Tired“疲勞的”,修飾人;tiring“令人疲勞的”,修飾物。主語是we,所以排除C和D項。又因為enough修飾形容詞需要后置,選項A符合題意。句意:當我們感到非常疲倦而上床睡覺時,大多數(shù)人都是愉快的。
(3)動詞詞義辨析。Achieve“達到”;finish“結(jié)束”;isover“結(jié)束”;沒有搭配beintheend。句意:當旅途結(jié)束的時候。因為句子的主語為thejourney,根據(jù)主謂一致原則,謂語需用第三人稱單數(shù),選項A和B可排除。選項C符合題意。
(4)副詞詞義辨析。Quite“相當”;rather“相當”;fairly“公平地”;somehow“以某種方式,不知為何”。因為空格后為earlier形容詞的比較級,rather可修飾比較級,句意:第一天晚上,我覺得特別懶,比平時更早上床睡覺。選項B符合題意。
(5)詞組辨析。Arrivein“到達”;arriveto“達成”;reach為及物動詞,后接賓語不需要介詞。句意:當我到達船艙。選項A符合題意。
(6)固定搭配。根據(jù)固定搭配besurprisedatdoing“看到某事正驚訝”,besurprisedtodo“驚訝地看到某事”,besurprisedthat“驚訝于”,可排除選項A。句意:我很驚訝地看到,將有一個同伴和我一同旅行,這使我感到有點不開心。選項D符合題意。
(7)固定搭配。根據(jù)固定搭配expecttodosth.“期待做某事”,可排除A和C項。Lonely“孤獨的”,強調(diào)內(nèi)心感到孤獨。Alone“單獨的,一個人的”,不強調(diào)內(nèi)心感受。句意:我期待一個的獨處。選項D符合題意。
(8)固定搭配。沒有固定搭配similarthan和thesamethat,所以C和D項可排除。Like和as都表示“像”,like后接名詞和短語,as后接從句。句意:在對面的角落里有一個和我一樣的手提箱。選項A符合題意。
(9)副詞詞義辨析。ineachplace“在每個地方”;forallparts“對于所有部分”;somewhere“在某處”;anywhere“在任何地方”。句意:他是那種你在任何地方都可能遇到的人。選項D符合題意。
(10)根據(jù)固定搭配so+adj./adv.+a/an+名詞,such+a/an+adj./adv.+名詞,因為clothes為復數(shù),所以其前無需用冠詞,選項A和C可排除。So短語的中心為形容詞或副詞,such短語中心詞為名詞。選項D符合題意。句意:他穿著如此好的衣服。
(11)固定搭配。根據(jù)固定搭配getonwelltogether“與……相處愉快”。句意:我打定主意我們不能在一起和睦相處。選項C符合題意。
(12)固定搭配,根據(jù)固定搭配saysth.tosb.“跟某人說某話”,選項A和B可排除。又因為空格前已經(jīng)含有否定詞not,所以這里無需再用否定。句意:不跟他說一句話。選項C符合題意。
(13)固定搭配,根據(jù)固定搭配coverup“蓋住”,可排除選項C。又因為coverup為副詞短語,賓語為名詞,可放中間也可放后面,賓語為代詞,只能放中間,所以正確表達應為covermyselfup。句意:我把我自己蓋住。選項D符合題意。
(14)名詞詞義辨析。Draft“草稿,小股氣流”;voice“人說話的聲音”;air“空氣”;sound“大自然的聲音”。根據(jù)下文Thecoldairwascomingfromthewindowopposite,“冷空氣從對面的窗戶進來”,可知空格中應該填入的意思為“氣流,空氣”,選項B和D可排除。又因為冠詞a,所以選項C可排除。句意:小股風從窗戶進來。選項A符合題意。
(15)固定搭配。根據(jù)固定搭配forgettodo“忘記去做某事(未做)”;forgetdoing“忘記做過某事(已做)”。文章強調(diào)忘記關(guān)窗,未關(guān)窗,所以選項C和B可排除。因為沒有搭配forgetfor,選項D可排除。句意:我認為我可能忘記關(guān)門了。選項A符合題意。
(16)語法題。根據(jù)文意,可知作者起床的目的是關(guān)門,介詞to可表目的,句意:我認為我可能忘記關(guān)門了,于是我起床去關(guān)門。選項A符合題意。
(17)語法題。根據(jù)文意,表達的是“當我穿過房間的時候”,所以空格填入一個時間狀語從句,at不能引導時間狀從,選項D可排除。又因為while引導時間狀從,強調(diào)動作發(fā)生的延續(xù)性,通常為進行式,as引導時間狀從可作為主句動作發(fā)生的背景。句意:當我穿過房間的時候,我看到月光透過窗戶照到另外一張床上。選項C符合題意。
(18)語法題。根據(jù)文章,表達的意思是“沒有人”,所以選用therebe句型表示“有,存在”。選項A和C可排除。又因為noone“沒有人”;anyone“任何人”,選項D可排除。句意:沒有人在那兒。選項B符合題意。
(19)固定搭配。根據(jù)固定搭配remembertodo“記得去做某事(未做)”;rememberdoing“記得做過某事”。沒有搭配remindtodo和reminddoing,選項A和C可排除。根據(jù)上文“Igotuptoclosethedoor,butfounditalreadylockedfromtheinside”,可知我起身要關(guān)上門,卻發(fā)現(xiàn)門已經(jīng)從里面鎖上了。所以這里要表達的意思是記“想起來我自己關(guān)了門”,選項B可排除。句意:我花了一兩分鐘才想起自己已經(jīng)鎖門的事。選項D符合題意。
(20)語法題。固定搭配havetojump“不得不跳”;wastohavedone“本將跳”;musthavejumped“一定已經(jīng)跳了”;couldbejumped“本可能跳了”。根據(jù)文意,表達的意思是推測我的同伴一定是從窗戶跳進了海里。所以是對過去發(fā)生事情的肯定推測,用musthavedone。句意:我意識到我的同伴一定是從窗戶跳進了海里。選項C符合題意。
8.單選題
Therearebothadvantagesanddisadvantagesintheschemeproposed,but()Ithinkweshouldbenefitbyadoptingit.
問題1選項
A.inbalance
B.offbalance
C.onbalance
D.outofbalance
【答案】C
【解析】考查固定結(jié)構(gòu)。inbalance“保持”;onbalance“總的來說”;outofbalance“失去平衡”。本句意為“總的來說,我認為采用它對我們有好處”,用“總的來說”順承“提出的方案有優(yōu)點也有缺點”。C選項符合題意。
9.單選題
Theconstructionofandtheoriesreflectsthescientists’interpretationof(
)whathasbeenobserved.
問題1選項
A.prototypes
B.hypotheses
C.fantasies
D.imaginations
【答案】B
【解析】名詞詞義辨析A選項prototype“原型,雛形”;B選項hypothesis“假說,假設(shè)”;C選項fantasy“幻想,空想”;D選項imagination“想象力,想象”;根據(jù)由and連接與空格所填詞語并列的theories可以確定,題干強調(diào)的是“研究的假設(shè)和理論”,所以B選項正確。
10.單選題
Thereiscurrentlyaboardanewwaveofappreciationforbreadthofknowledge.Curriculaatuniversitiesandcollegesandprogramsinfederalagenciesextolthevirtuesofabroadeducation.Forscientistswhoworkinspecializedjobs,itisapleasuretoescapeinoursparetimetoreadbroadlyinfieldsdistantfromourown.Someofushavemadeinterdisciplinarystudyinouroccupation,whichisnosurprise,becausemuchoftheintellectualactioninoursocietytodayliesattheinterfacesbetweentraditionaldisciplines.Environmentalscienceisagoodexample,becauseitfrequentlyrequiresustobeconversantinseveraldifferentsciencesandevensomeunscientificfields.
Experiencingthisbreadthofknowledgeisstimulating,butsoisdelvingdeeplyintoasubject.Botharewonderfulexperiencesthatarecomplementarypracticalandaestheticways.Theyarelikeviewingthemarveloussculptureofknowledgeintwodifferentways.Lookatthesculpturefromoneperspectiveandyouseethepieceinitsentirety,howitscomponentsconnecttogiveitform,balance,andsymmetry.Fromanotherviewpointyouseeitsdetail,depthandmass.Thereisnoneedtochoosebetweenthesetwoperspectivesinart.Todosowouldsubtractfromthetotalityofthefigure.
Soitiswithscience.Sometimeswegazethroughasubjectandarereluctanttostopfortoomuchdetail.Aschemists,wearefascinatedbycomputerscienceormoleculargenetics,butnotenoughtobecomeanexpert.Orwemaybeinterestedinananalyticaltechniquebutnotenoughtostayatitscuttingedge.Atothertimes,webecomeimmersedinthedetailofasubjectandseeitsbeautyinanentirelydifferentwaythanwhenwebrowse.Itisasifwepenetratethesurfaceofthesculptureandpassthroughthecrystalstructuretothemolecularlevelwherethecodefortheentirestructureisrevealed.
Unfortunately,inourzealforbreadthordepth,weoftenfeelthatitisnecessarytodiminishthevalueoftheother.Specialistsaresometimesridiculedwithnamedsuchas“nerd”or“technocrats”,generalistsareoftencriticizedforbeingtoo“soft”orknowingtoolittleaboutanyonething.Bothareludicrousaccusationsthatdenyapartoftherealityofenvironmentalscience.Letusnotbedividedbyourpassionfordepthorbreadth.Thebeautythatawaitsusoneitherrouteistooprecioustostifle,toowonderfultodiminishbybickering.
1.Fromabroadeducationtointerdisciplinarystudy,wecansee().
2.Thecommentatorwouldsaythatthetotalityofthesculptureofknowledge().
3.Justbecausewebecomeengrossedinthedetailofasubject,accordingtothecomment,doesnotmeanthatwe().
4.Itiscommentator’scontentionthatneitherspecialistsnorgeneralist().
5.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?
問題1選項
A.theintegrationoftheorywithpractice
B.theenthusiasmforbreadthofknowledge
C.therapiddivisionoftraditionaldisciplines
D.theconfrontationbetweenspecialistsandgeneralists
問題2選項
A.ismainlycomposedoftwoelements
B.presentstwodifferentpointsofview
C.cannotbeperceivedfromoneperspective
D.isawholemadeupofcomplementaryelements
問題3選項
A.canhaveanunderstandingofit
B.willdevelopintoanexpert
C.willperceiveitsentirety
D.areinterestedinit
問題4選項
A.havezealforthetotalityoftheknowledgesculpture
B.representthedepthandbreadthofknowledge
C.arenecessarilysupposedtobelittletheother
D.canbequalifiedasenvironmentalscientists
問題5選項
A.InterdisciplinaryStudyasOurOccupation
B.BreadthandDepthofKnowledge
C.TheWaysofDoingScience
D.TheBeautyofScience
【答案】第1題:B
第2題:B
第3題:C
第4題:C
第5題:B
【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到文章第一段,知識廣度的興起,讓大家擁有了遠離自己領(lǐng)域研究的快樂,也能感受到對知識廣度的追求和熱愛。因此B選項符合題意。
2.推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到文章第二段“Theyarelikeviewingthemarveloussculptureofknowledgeintwodifferentways”,他們就像用兩種不同的方式來欣賞這座知識的雕塑。由此可知,對于評論家來說這兩種不同的方式就像是兩種不同的觀點。因此B選項符合題意。
3.推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到文章第三段“Atothertimes,webecomeimmersedinthedetailofasubjectandseeitsbeautyinanentirelydifferentwaythanwhenwebrowse.Itisasifwepenetratethesurfaceofthesculptureandpassthroughthecrystalstructuretothemolecularlevelwherethecodefortheentirestructureisrevealed”,在其他時候,我們會沉浸在一個主題的細節(jié)中,以一種與瀏覽完全不同的方式看到它的美。這就好像我們穿透了雕塑的表面,穿過晶體結(jié)構(gòu)到達了分子水平,在那里,整個結(jié)構(gòu)的密碼被揭示了。由此可知,通過一個主題細節(jié)可以觀察到它的美,但要認知到整體還是不夠的。因此C選項符合題意。
4.細節(jié)事實題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到文章最后一段“Letusnotbedividedbyourpassionfordepthorbreadth.Thebeautythatawaitsusoneitherrouteistooprecioustostifle,toowonderfultodiminishbybickering”,讓我們不要因?qū)ι疃然驈V度的熱情而分裂。在兩條路線上等待我們的美麗是太珍貴而不能扼殺,太美妙而不能因爭吵而減少。由此可知,不管是專家還是通才,都不應受到貶低。因此C選項符合題意。
5.主旨大意題。文章內(nèi)容是對知識深度和廣度的探討和研究。因此B選項符合題意。
11.單選題
Lateralthinking,firstdescribedbyEdwarddcBonoin1967,isjustafewyearsolderthanEdward’sson.YoumightimaginethatCasparwasraisedtobeanadventurousthinker,butdeBono’snamewassofamous,Casper’sparentsworriedthatanytimehewouldsaysomethingbrightatschool,histeachersmightsnap,“Wheredoyougetthatideafrom?”
“Wehadtobecarefulandnotoverdoit,”Edwardadmits.NowCasperisatOxford—whichoncelookedunlikelybecauseheisalsoslightlydyslexic.Infact,whenliewasapplyingtoOxford,noneofhisschoolteachersthoughthehadachance.“Sothenwedidseveralthinkingsessions,”hisfathersays,“usingmytechniquesand,whenhewentupfortheexam,hedidextremelywell.”Soonafter,EdwarddeBonodecidedtowritehislatestbook,“TeachYourChildrenHowtoThink”,inwhichhetransformsthethinkingskillshedevelopedforbrain-stormingbusinessmenintoinformalexercisesforparentsandchildrentoshare.
Thinkingistraditionallyregardedassomethingexecutedinalogicalsequence,andeverybodyknowsthatchildrenaren’tverylogical.Soisn’titanuphillbattle,tryingtoteachthemtothink?‘‘Youknow,”EdwarddeBonosays,“ifyouexaminepeople’sthinking,itisquiteunusualtofindfaultsoflogic.Butthefaultsofperceptionarehuge!Oftenwethinkineffectivelybecausewetaketoolimitedaview.”“TeachYourChildHowtoThink”offerslessonsinperceptionimprovement,ofclearlyseeingtheimplicationsofsomethingyouaresayingandofexploringthealternatives.
1.WhatisTRUEaboutCasper?
2.CaspersucceededinapplyingtoOxfordbecause(
).
3.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph2thatEdward(
).
4.AccordingtoParagraph3,whichofthefollowingstatementsexpressesEdwarddeBono’sview?
5.LateralthinkingreferstothefollowingEXCEPT(
).
問題1選項
A.HeisEdward'sson.
B.Heisanadventurousthinker.
C.Hefirstdescribedlateralthinking.
D.Heisoftenscoldedbyhisteacher.
問題2選項
A.hewascarefulandoftenoverworked
B.allofhisschoolteachersthoughthehadachance
C.heusedintheexamthetechniquesprovidedbyhisfather
D.hereadthebook"TeachYourChildHowtoThink”beforetheexam
問題3選項
A.waslikelytoimprovechildren’slogicwithhisbook
B.gaveadescriptionoflateralthinkingseveralyearsafterhissonwasborn.
C.waspromptedtostudylateralthinkingbecausehissonwasslightlydyslexic
D.oncetaughtbusinessmenhowtothinkbeforehewroteforparentsandchildren
問題4選項
A.Everybodyknowsthatchildrenaren’tverylogical.
B.Itisanuphillbattletryingtoteachchildrentothink.
C.Weoftenthinkineffectivelybecausewetaketoolimitedaview.
D.Thinkingistraditionallyregardedassomethingexecutedinalogicalsequence.
問題5選項
A.improvingone’slogicinthinking
B.improvingone’sperceptioninthinking
C.seeingtheimplicationsofwhatyouaresaying
D.exploringthealternativesforwhatyouaresaying
【答案】第1題:A
第2題:C
第3題:D
第4題:C
第5題:A
【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)文章第一段第二句,“”YoumightimaginethatCasparwasraisedtobeanadventurousthinker,butdeBono’snamewassofamous…”,根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but,可判斷你可以想象卡斯帕是一個敢于大膽的思考者,但是事實相反。選項B可排除。根據(jù)文章第一句,“Lateralthinking,firstdescribedbyEdwarddcBonoin1967…”,可知橫向思維在1967年由愛德華?波諾首次提出,所以不是卡斯帕首次提出的。根據(jù)文章第一段,“Casper’sparentsworriedthatanytimehewouldsaysomethingbrightatschool,histeachersmightsnap…”,可知卡斯珀的父母擔心,每當他在學校說一些聰明的話時,他的老師可能會叱責他,可判斷出卡斯珀被老師叱責是父母擔心的事,并沒有提到實際發(fā)生。根據(jù)排除法,選項A符合題意。
2.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)文章第二段,“‘Sothenwedidseveralthinkingsessions,’hisfathersays,‘usingmytechniquesand,whenhewentupfortheexam,hedidextremelywell.’”,可知然后他運用父親的思考方式進行了練習,最后考試考得非常好??膳袛喑鯟asper成功考入牛津大學的原因是運用了父親提供的方法和技巧。選項C符合題意。
3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)文章第二段,“…h(huán)etransformsthethinkingskills….”,可知愛德華的書是用來傳播他的思考技巧,是為了教孩子們?nèi)绾嗡伎?,并未提及邏輯思維,選項A可排除。根據(jù)文章第一段第一句,“Lateralthinking,firstdescribedbyEdwarddcBonoin1967,isjustafewyearsolderthanEdward’sson.”,可知1967年,愛德華?波諾(EdwarddcBono)首次描述了“橫向思維”,是在愛德華的兒子出生的前幾年提出的。可判斷出并不是在兒子出生后才描述了橫向思維,選項B可排除。因為愛德華在兒子出生前幾年就提出了橫向思維,所以不是因為兒子的原因而去研究這種方法,選項C可排除。根據(jù)文章第二段最后一句,“…h(huán)etransformsthethinkingskillshedevelopedforbrain-stormingbusinessmenintoinformalexercisesforparentsandchildrentoshare.”,可知他將自己用來培養(yǎng)商人思維的技能轉(zhuǎn)化為供父母和孩子們分享的非正式練習。可判斷出愛德華在為父母和孩子寫作之前,曾教商人如何思考。選項D符合題意。
4.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)文章第三段,“Oftenwethinkineffectivelybecausewetaketoolimitedaview.”,可知愛德華認為我們常常思考效率低下,因為我們的視野太有限。選項C為文章的原話,選項C符合題意。
5.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)文章第三段,“‘TeachYourChildHowtoThink’offerslessonsinperceptionimprovement,ofclearlyseeingtheimplicationsofsomethingyouaresayingandofexploringthealternatives.”,可知《教你的孩子如何思考》這本書提供認知改善的課程,清楚地了解你所說的話的含義,并探索其他選擇??膳袛喑鰴M向思維涉及的方面包括提升思維認知能力,了解說話的含義以及探索自己所說的話的其他可供選擇的表達,不包括提升邏輯思考能力。選項A符合題意。
12.單選題
Thedevelopmentoftoothpastebeganaslongagoas3000/5000BCintheancientcountiesofChinaand304.AccordingtoChinesehistory,Huang-Ticlaimeddifferenttypesofpairfeltinthemouthcouldbecuredbystickinggoldandsilverneedlesintodifferentpartsofthejawandgum.Itwastheoriessuchasthesethatledtothedevelopmentofdentalcream.Duringtheyears3000/5000BC,Egyptiansmadetoothpasteusingarecipeofpowderedashesofhoovesofoxen,myrrh,powderedandburnedeggshellsandpumice.ItisassumedthattheancientEgyptiansusedtheirfingerstorubthemixtureontoteeth.
Thetooshtick,theforerunnerofthetoothbrushhadnot,asfarasisknown,beendiscoveredatthistime.FromtherecordsoftheancientcountriesofIndiaChinaandEgypt,itwastheGreeksandRomanswhodevelopedandimprovedtoothpasteanddevelopedaleadeninstrumentfortheextractionofteeth.Theywerealsothefirsttobindlooseteethtogetherandtosupportartificialteethbymeansofgoldwire.During1000AD,thePersians,gaveadviceonthedangersofusinghardtoothpowderandrecommendationsweremadetomaketoothpowderfromburnthart-shorn,theburntshellsofsnailsandoystersandburnedgypsum.
OtherPersianrecipesincludeddriedanimalparts,herbs,honeyandminerals.Oneformulaforstrengtheningteethincludedgreenlead,verdigris,incense,honeyandpowderedflint-stone.
Toothpowderordentifrice,wasfirstavailableinBritaininthelate18thcentury.Itcameinaceramicpotandwasavailableeitherasapowderorpaste.Therichapplieditwithbrushesandthepoorwiththeirfingers.Thepowdersweredevelopedbydoctors,dentistsandchemistsandoftencontainedingredientsthatwerehighlyabrasiveandharmfultotheteeth,suchasbrickdust,china,earthenwareorcuttlefish,andtomakethemmorepalatable,theycontainedglycerin.Bytheearlynineteenthcentury,theingredientstrontiumwasintroduced,tostrengthenteethandreducesensitivity,butitonlyreallyconcentratedonthegums.Inthelate18century,boraxwasintroducedintheU.S.andin,1896,DentalCreamwasfirstpackagedinpowderwasusedtogetthefoamingeffect.In1873,anaromatictoothpasteinajar:collapsibletubes.BeforetheSecondWorldWar,themajorityoftoothpasteonthemarketusedsoapasanemulsifyingagent,eventhoughitwasknownthatsoaphadcertaininherentdefects.
1.Whatisthemainsubjectofthepassage?
2.Theword"extraction"inline11refersto(
).
3.Accordingtothepassage,itcanbeinferredthattheGreeksandRomans(
).
4.TheauthormentionsthatthePersiansusedtoothpowdersforwhichpurposeotherthancleaningteeth?
5.Accordingtothepassage,strontiumwasmostusefulfor(
).
問題1選項
A.methodsofcleaningteeth
B.methodsofcaringforteeth
C.developmentoftoothpaste
D.dentalhistory
問題2選項
A.cleaning
B.removal
C.replacement
D.brushing
問題3選項
A.alsodevelopedthetoothbrush
B.hadmoredentalproblemsthanotherculture
C.werethefirsttosupportartificialteeth
D.didnotkeeprecordsoftheirdentalpractices
問題4選項
A.strengthening
B.beautifying
C.coloring
D.extracting
問題5選項
A.concentratingonthegums
B.gettingafoamingeffect
C.reducingsensitivity
D.emulsifyingagent.
【答案】第1題:C
第2題:B
第3題:C
第4題:A
第5題:C
【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章第一段主要介紹了牙膏出現(xiàn)的理論基礎(chǔ)以及古代牙膏的組成成分;第二段主要介紹了古代其他國家對牙膏的改進;第三段簡要介紹了古代牙膏的配方;最后一段主要介紹了18世紀到19時間牙膏的改進和發(fā)展,因此C選項“牙膏的發(fā)展”符合題意。
2.詞義題。A選項“清潔”;B選項“移動”;C選項“代替”;D選項“(用刷子)刷”根據(jù)題干信息“extraction”定位至文章第二段中,由itwastheGreeksandRomanswhodevelopedandimprovedtoothpasteanddevelopedaleadeninstrumentfortheextractionofteeth.(正是希臘人和羅馬人發(fā)明并改進了牙膏,并研制出一種用于……牙的鉛儀器)可知B選項更符合語境,指拔牙的儀器。
3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干信息“GreeksandRomans”定位至文章第二段中,由Theywerealsothefirsttobindlooseteethtogetherandtosupportartificialteethbymeansofgoldwire.(他們也是第一個把松動的牙齒綁在一起,用金絲支撐人造牙齒的人)可知希臘人和羅馬人是第一個制作人造牙齒的人,因此選C。
4.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第二段中的Oneformulaforstrengtheningteethincludedgreenlead,verdigris,incense,honeyandpowderedflint-stone.(強化牙齒的配方包括綠鉛、紫草、熏香、蜂蜜和粉狀火石)可知波斯人的牙粉具有強化牙齒的作用,因此選A。
5.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干信息“strontium”定位至文章最后一段中,由Bytheearlynineteenthcentury,theingredientstrontiumwasintroduced,tostrengthenteethandreducesensitivity,butitonlyreallyconcentratedonthegums.(在十九世紀初,,引入了鍶成分,以加強牙齒并降低敏感度,但它真正只集中在牙齦上)可知鍶有加強牙齒和降低敏感度的作用,因此選C。
13.單選題
Anytime,anyplace.Whythehugeupsurgeofinterestinremotelearning?Theinternetrevolutionispartoftheanswer.TheWebnowprovidesaformerlymissingingredientindistanceeducation——quickandeasycommunicationbetweenstudentsandinstructors,andamongclassmates.Inaddition,demandfordistancecourseshasburgeonedthankstotheevolutionoftheinformation-basedeconomy.“Tostayemployable,workersneedtokeeponlearning.”saysKayKohl,executivedirectoroftheUniversityContinuingEducationAssociation,anorganizationofmorethan400schools.Thistrendhasgivenrisetoanolderpoolofgraduatestudents.Todaymorethanhalfareoverage30,andnearlyonequarterareover40.Distanceeducationoftenisagreatfitfortheseworkingadults,manyofwhomfinditdifficulttoskipachild’sballetlessonorfightrush-hourtraffictogettoauniversitycampusforclass.
“1hadalwayswantedamaster’sdegree,butit’shardtosuspendacareerandafamilyforit,especiallywhentheclosestschoolofpublichealthisfourhoursaway,”saysJerryParks,assistanthealthdirectorforAlbermarleRegionalHealthServicesineasternNorthCarolina.Asitturnsout,hedidn’thavetomoveorcommutetogethisdegree.AfterthreeyearsofcourseworkviateleconferencingandtheInternet,Parksisfinishingupamaster’sfromtheSchoolofPublicHealthattheUniversityofNorthCarolina.
Asmorepeopleturntodistanceeducation,adebatehasflaredoverwhetheritcanbeagoodsubstituteforface-to-faceinstruction.ThomasRussell,authorofa1999reporttitled“TheSignificantDistancePhenomenon,”whichreviewsmorethan350studiesofdistance-learningprograms,arguesthatthetwomodesofinstructionareequivalentasfarasstudentlearningisconcerned.R.Behrend,forone,believesthatdistanceeducationisthesuperiorchoice.Behrend,45,obtainedadoctoraldegreeinclinicalpsychologylastspringfromWaldenUniversity,arespectedvirtualinstitution.Shesaysthediscussionsbetweenstudentandprofessor,andamongpeers,weremorerigorousthanthosesheexperiencedinthetwooncampusmaster’sprogramsshepreviouslyattended.“Weneededtocitereferencesforeverythingwesaid(inE-mailpostings)’’,explainsBehrend,“Itwasn’tliketheusuallychattingintheclassroom.”
ButcriticssaythatmanyofthestudiescitedinRussell’sbookarepoorlydesigned,andtheyvehemently(strongly)disagreewithhispointofview.“Idon’tthinkyoucangetanyeducationovertheInternet,”saysD.Noble,ahistorianoftechnologyatYorkUniversityinToronto.“Educationrequiresarelationshipbetweenpeoplebecauseit’saprocessofidentityformation,validation,encouragement,emulation,andinspiration.Thisonlyhappensfacetoface.”
Evenadvocatesacknowledgethatdistanceeducationisn’tforeveryone—thatittakesindependence,self-discipline,andalotofmotivationtosuccess.Further,thequalityofdistance-degreeprogramsisuneven.“Amajorityofuniversitieshaveenteredthedistance-learningmarketrapidlyandarenotwellprepared.”Thus,it’simportanttoconsideranarrayoffactorsbeforechoosingaschool—accreditation,programhistory,cost,academicfield,residency,andtechnology.
1.Whendiddistanceeducationbegin?
2.Thehugeupsurgeofinterestinremotelearningiscausedbythefollowingfactorsexceptfor(
).
3.By“suspend”(Sentence1,Para2)isclosestinmeaningto(
).
4.WhichstatementisnottruefromwhatMs.Behrendsays?
5.Thetitleofthetextcouldbe(
).
問題1選項
A.Unknown.
B.AftertheInternetexisted
C.AftertheInternetrevolution
D.Whentheuniversitystarted.
問題2選項
A.Internetrevolution
B.theevolutionofinformationeconomy
C.theincreasingpopulation
D.thedemandfordistancecourses
問題3選項
A.stop
B.hangup
C.suspect
D.leave
問題4選項
A.Theremoteeducationisthebestchoice.
B.Thediscussionindistanceeducationisnotasstrictasonthecampus.
C.Thediscussionofdistanceeducationisnotlikethatintheclassroom.
D.ShegotaDr.Degreefromdistanceeducation.
問題5選項
A.ContinuingEducation
B.Information-basedEconomy
C.RemoteLearning
D.AnInterestingDebate
【答案】第1題:A
第2題:C
第3題:A
第4題:B
第5題:C
【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。題干詢問‘遠程教育是什么吋候開始的?’整篇文章圍繞為什么人們對遠程教育越來越感興趣展開,并表達不同人的不同觀點,但是確并沒有提到遠程教育具體是什么吋候開始的,所以A選項“不知道”正確。
2.推理判斷題。題干詢問‘以下哪一項不是導致人們對于遠程教育的興趣越來越大的主要原因?’根據(jù)文章第一段第三句“Theinternet
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