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住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-北京體育大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I(帶答案詳解)(圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題
Beeristhemostpopulardrinkamongmaledrinkers,(
)overallconsumptionissignificantlyhigherthanthatofwomen.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.whose
B.which
C.that
D.what
【答案】A
【解析】語法(定語從句)題。分析題目可知,空格處填入的詞是引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,先行詞是beer,跟空格后的overallconsumption是所屬關(guān)系,所以連接詞用whose,A選項(xiàng)正確。
2.單選題
Thegovernmentgaveavery(
)explanationofitsplanforeconomicdevelopment.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.comprehensive
B.compound
C.considerable
D.complacent
【答案】A
【解析】形容詞辨析題。comprehensive綜合的,全面的;compound混合的;considerable重要的,相當(dāng)大的;complacent滿足的。句意:政府對其經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展計(jì)劃作了非常全面的解釋。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。
3.單選題
ArecurringcriticismoftheUK’suniversitysectorisitsperceivedweaknessintranslatingnewknowledgeintonewproductsandservices.
Recently,theUKNationalStemCellNetworkwarnedtheUKcouldloseitsplaceamongtheworldleadersinsterncellresearchunlessadequatefundingandlegislationcouldbeassured.Weshouldtakethisconcernseriouslyasuniversitiesarekeysinthenationalinnovationsystem.
However,wedohavetochallengetheunthinkingcomplaintthatthesectordoesnotdoenoughintakingideastomarket.ThemostrecentcomparativedataontheperformanceofuniversitiesandresearchinstitutionsinAustralia,Canada,USAandUKshowsthat,fromarelativelyweakstartingposition,theUKnowleadsonmanyindicatorsofcommercializationactivity.
Whenviewedatthenationallevel,thepolicyinterventionsofthepastdecadehavehelpedtransformtheperformanceofUKuniversities.EvidencesuggeststheUK’spositionismuchstrongerthanintherecentpastandisstillshowingimprovement.Butnationaldate,askstheverylargevariationintheperformanceofindividualuniversities.Theevidenceshowsthatalargenumberofuniversitieshavefallenoffthebackofthepack,afewperformstronglyandtherestchasetheleaders.
ThistypeofunevendistributionisnotpeculiartotheUKandmirroredacrossothereconomic.IntheUK,researchisconcentrate;lessthan25%ofuniversitiesreceive75%oftheresearchfunding.ThesesameuniversitiesarealsotheinstitutionsproducingthegreatestshareofPhDgraduates,sciencecitations,patentsandlicenseincome.Theeffectofpoliciesgeneratinglong-termresourceconcentrationhavealsocreatedadistinctivesetofuniversitieswhichareresearch-ledandcommerciallyactive.Itseemsclearthattheconcentrationofresearchandcommercializationworkcreatesdifferencesbetweenuniversities.
Thecoreobjectiveforuniversitieswhichareresearch-ledmustbetomaximizetheimpactoftheirresearchefforts.Theseuniversitiesshouldbegeneratingthewidestrangeofsocialeconomicandenvironmentalbenefits.Inreturnforthescaleofinvestmenttheyshouldsharetheirexpertiseinordertobuildgreaterconfidenceinthesector.
PartoftheeconomicrecoveryoftheUKwillbedrivenbythenextgenerationofresearchcommercializationspillingoutofouruniversities.TherearethreedozenuniversitiesintheUKwhichareactivelyengagedinadvancedresearchtrainingandcommercializationwork.
Iftherewasagreatercoordinationoftechnologytransferofficeswithinregionsandasimultaneousinvestmentinthescaleandfunctionsofourgraduateschools,universitiescould,andshould,playakeyroleinpositioningtheUKforthenextgrowthcycle.
1.WhatdoestheauthorthinkofUKuniversitiesintermsofcommercialization?
2.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutthenationaldataonUKuniversities’performanceincommercialization?
3.WecaninferfromParagraph5that“policyinterventions”refersto(
).
4.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestresearch-leduniversitiesdo?
5.HowcantheuniversitysectorplayakeyroleintheUK’seconomicgrowth?
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.Theyfailtoconvertknowledgeintomoney.
B.Theydonotregarditastheirresponsibility.
C.Theystillhaveaplaceamongtheworldleaders.
D.Theyhavelosttheirleadingpositioninmanyways.
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.Itmasksthefatalweaknessesofgovernmentpolicy.
B.ItdoesnotrankUKuniversitiesinascientificway.
C.Itdoesnotreflectthedifferencesamonguniversities.
D.Itindicatestheirineffectiveuseofgovernmentresources.
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.governmentaidtonon-research-orienteduniversities
B.compulsorycooperationbetweenuniversitiesandindustries
C.fairdistributionoffundingforuniversitiesandresearchinstitutions
D.concentrationofresourcesinalimitednumberofuniversities
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.Publicizetheirresearchtowininternationalrecognition.
B.Fullyutilizetheirresearchtobenefitallsectorsofsociety.
C.Generouslysharetheirfacilitieswiththoseshortoffunds.
D.Spreadtheirinfluenceamongtopresearchinstitutions.
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.Byestablishingmoreregionaltechnologytransferoffices.
B.Byaskingthegovernmenttoinvestintechnologytransferresearch
C.Bypromotingtechnologytransferandgraduateschooleducation.
D.Byincreasingtheefficiencyoftechnologytransferagencies.
【答案】第1題:C
第2題:C
第3題:D
第4題:B
第5題:C
【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章第三段,“…fromarelativelyweakstartingposition,theUKnowleadsonmanyindicatorsofcommercializationactivity.”,可知英國從一個相對較弱的起點(diǎn),現(xiàn)在在許多商業(yè)化活動的指標(biāo)上處于領(lǐng)先地位??膳袛喑鲈谧髡呖磥碛髮W(xué)的商業(yè)化在世界上仍然在世界上有一席之地,處于領(lǐng)先地位。因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。
2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章第四段,“EvidencesuggeststheUK’spositionismuchstrongerthanintherecentpastandisstillshowingimprovement.Butnationaldate,askstheverylargevariationintheperformanceofindividualuniversities.”,可知有證據(jù)表明,英國大學(xué)的地位比過去要穩(wěn)定得多,而且仍在改善。但全國數(shù)據(jù)并沒有反映出各所大學(xué)存在的巨大差異。因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。
3.詞義理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段第一句,“thepolicyinterventionsofthepastdecadehavehelpedtransformtheperformanceofUKuniversities.”,可知過去10年的政策干預(yù)改變了英國大學(xué),然后在下文提及了各個大學(xué)存在巨大的差異。第五段主要對這種分配不平均的現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行了進(jìn)一步闡述,這種現(xiàn)象不僅發(fā)生在英國,,也存在于其他國家。又根據(jù)文章第五段,“Theeffectofpoliciesgeneratinglong-termresourceconcentrationhavealsocreatedadistinctivesetofuniversitieswhichareresearch-ledandcommerciallyactive.”,可知政策主導(dǎo)的長期資源集中化也造就了一批獨(dú)特的大學(xué),它們以研究為主導(dǎo),并且商業(yè)化??膳袛喑鰌olicyinterventions就是指資源集中的政策。因此現(xiàn)象D符合題意。
4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章第六段,“Thecoreobjectiveforuniversitieswhichareresearch-ledmustbetomaximizetheimpactoftheirresearchefforts.Theseuniversitiesshouldbegeneratingthewidestrangeofsocialeconomicandenvironmentalbenefits.”,可知以研究為主導(dǎo)的大學(xué)的核心目標(biāo)必須是最大限度地發(fā)揮其研究的影響。這些大學(xué)應(yīng)該為社會、經(jīng)濟(jì)和環(huán)境各方面帶來效益??膳袛喑鲞@些研究型大學(xué)應(yīng)該充分利用他們的研究成果造福于社會。因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。
5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)文章最后一段,“Iftherewasagreatercoordinationoftechnologytransferofficeswithinregionsandasimultaneousinvestmentinthescaleandfunctionsofourgraduateschools,universitiescould,andshould,playakeyroleinpositioningtheUKforthenextgrowthcycle.”,可知如果各區(qū)域內(nèi)的技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)移部門更有效的協(xié)調(diào),同時加大研究生規(guī)模和功能的投資,大學(xué)應(yīng)該能在英國下一輪經(jīng)濟(jì)增長中發(fā)揮關(guān)鍵作用。可判斷出作者認(rèn)為英國的大學(xué)可以通過促進(jìn)技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)移和投資研究生院教育在經(jīng)濟(jì)增長中發(fā)揮作用。因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。
4.單選題
TherearemanytheoriesaboutthebeginningofdramainancientGreece.Theonemostwidelyacceptedtodayisbasedontheassumptionthatdramaevolvedfromritual.Theargumentforthisviewgoesasfollows.Inthebeginning,humanbeingsviewedthenaturalforcesoftheworld,eventheseasonalchanges,asunpredictable,andtheysought,throughvariousmeans,tocontroltheseunknownandfearfulpowers.Thosemeasureswhichappearedtobringthedesiredresultswerethenretainedandrepeateduntiltheyhardenedintofixedrituals.Eventuallystoriesarosewhichexplainedorveiledthemysteriesoftherites.Astimepassed,someritualswereabandoned,butthestories,latercalledmyths,persistedandprovidedmaterialforartanddrama.
Thosewhobelievethatdramaevolvedoutofritualalsoarguethatthoseritescontainedtheseedoftheaterbecausemusic,dance,masks,andcostumeswerealmostalwaysused.Furthermore,asuitablesitehadtobeprovidedforperformances,andwhentheentirecommunitydidnotparticipate,acleardivisionwasusuallymadebetweenthe“actingarea”andthe“auditorium”.Inaddition,therewereperformers,and,sinceconsiderableimportancewasattachedtoavoidingmistakesintheenactmentofrites,religiousleadersusuallyassumedthattask.Wearingmasksandcostumes,theyoftenimpersonatedotherpeople,animals,orsupernaturalbeingsandmimedthedesiredeffect—successinhuntorballet,thecomingrain,therevivalofthesun—asanactormight.Eventuallysuchdramaticrepresentationswereseparatedfromreligiousactivities.
Anothertheorytracesthetheater'soriginfromthehumaninterestinstorytelling.Accordingtothisview,tales(aboutthehunt,war,ofother-feats)aregraduallyelaborated,atfirstthroughtheuseofimpersonation,action,anddialoguebyanarratorandthenthroughtheassumptionofeachoftherolesbyadifferentperson.Acloselyrelatedtheorytracestheatertothosedancesthatareprimarilyrhythmicalandgymnasticorthataretheimitationofanimalmovementsandsounds.
1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?
2.Whataspectofdramadoestheauthordiscussinthefirstparagraph?
3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasacommonelementoftheatreandritual?
4.Theword“considerable”underlinedinparagraph2isclosestinmeaningto“(
)".
5.Accordingtothepassage,whatisthemaindifferencebetweenritualanddrama?
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.Theoriginsoftheatre.
B.Theroleofritualinmodemdance
C.Theimportanceofstorytelling
D.Thevarietyofearlyreligiousactivities.
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.Thereasondramaisoftenunpredictable.
B.Theseasonsinwhichdramaswereperformed.
C.Theconnectionbetweenmythsanddramaticplots.
D.Theimportanceofcostumesinearlydrama.
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.Dance.
B.Costumes.
C.Music
D.Magic.
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.thoughtful
B.substantial
C.relational
D.ceremonial
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.Ritualusesmusicwhereasdramadoesnot.
B.Ritualisshorterthandrama.
C.Ritualrequiresfewerperformersthandrama.
D.Ritualhasareligiouspurposeanddramadoesnot.
【答案】第1題:A
第2題:C
第3題:D
第4題:B
第5題:D
【解析】1.主旨大意題。題干詢問‘這篇文章主要討論什么?’。文章前兩段介紹了一種被廣泛接受的一個理論,即戲劇是從儀式演變而來的。在最后一段還介紹了兩種有關(guān)戲劇起源的不同理論,一個是認(rèn)為戲劇起源于人類對講故事的興趣,另一個將戲劇的起源追溯到舞蹈。所以全文圍繞著“戲劇的起源”這一主題展開,A選項(xiàng)‘戲劇的起源’正確。
2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干詢問‘作者在第一段中討論了戲劇的哪些方面?’。根據(jù)文章第一段中的最后一句“Astimepassed,someritualswereabandoned,butthestories,latercalledmyths,persistedandprovidedmaterialforartanddrama.隨著時間的推移,一些儀式被廢棄了,但這些后來被稱為神話的故事流傳下來,為藝術(shù)和戲劇提供了素材?!贝_定作者在文章第一段討論了神話和戲劇情節(jié)之間的關(guān)系,所以C選項(xiàng)‘神話和戲劇性情節(jié)之間的聯(lián)系’正確。
3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干詢問‘以下哪一項(xiàng)不被提及為戲劇和儀式的共同元素?’。根據(jù)文章第二段第一句“Thosewhobelievethatdramaevolvedoutofritualalsoarguethatthoseritescontainedtheseedoftheaterbecausemusic,dance,masks,andcostumeswerealmostalwaysused.那些相信戲劇是由儀式演變而來的人也認(rèn)為,這些儀式包含了戲劇的種子,因?yàn)橐魳?、舞蹈、面具和服裝幾乎總是被使用?!贝_定A‘舞蹈’、B‘服裝’和C‘音樂’都有提及,D選項(xiàng)的“巫術(shù)”沒有提及,符合題意。
4.詞匯題。題干詢問‘第2段下劃線的“considerable”一詞在意義上最接近…’。“considerable”出現(xiàn)在文章第二段第三句話中,修飾名詞“importance重要性”,句意是‘由于在儀式的制定過程中避免錯誤的發(fā)生受到了……重視,宗教領(lǐng)袖通常承擔(dān)這項(xiàng)任務(wù)?!鶕?jù)“avoidingmistakes避免錯誤”以及“religiousleadersusuallyassumedthattask通常是宗教領(lǐng)袖來承擔(dān)該項(xiàng)任務(wù)”可以確定B選項(xiàng)‘大量的’。正確
5.推理判斷題。題干詢問‘根據(jù)這篇文章,儀式和戲劇的主要區(qū)別是什么?’。根據(jù)第二段第一句“Thosewhobelievethatdramaevolvedoutofritualalsoarguethatthoseritescontainedtheseedoftheaterbecausemusic,dance,masks,andcostumeswerealmostalwaysused.那些相信戲劇是由儀式演變而來的人也認(rèn)為,這些儀式包含了戲劇的種子,因?yàn)橐魳?、舞蹈、面具和服裝幾乎總是被使用?!贝_定A選項(xiàng)‘儀式用音樂,而戲劇不用’不正確。B項(xiàng)“宗教儀式比戲劇短”與C項(xiàng)“宗教儀式相比戲劇有更少的表演者”在文中沒有提及;根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“Eventuallysuchdramaticrepresentationswereseparatedfromreligiousactivities.最終,這種戲劇性的表現(xiàn)形式從宗教活動中分離了出來?!贝_定D項(xiàng)“宗教儀式有一個宗教目的,而戲劇沒有”正確。
5.單選題
Theprofessorcouldhardlyfindsufficientgrounds(
)hisargumentsinfavorofthenewtheory.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.tobebasedon
B.tobaseon
C.whichtobaseon
D.onwhichtobase
【答案】D
【解析】語法(定語從句)題。分析題目可知,空白處填入的詞語是引導(dǎo)定語從句,修飾先行詞grounds,所以排除A選項(xiàng)和B選項(xiàng)。因?yàn)檫B接詞which在從句中作介詞賓語,所以前面需要一個介詞,D選項(xiàng)正確。
6.單選題
Thesuggestionthatthemayor(
)theprizeswasacceptedbyeveryone.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.wouldpresent
B.present
C.presents
D.oughttopresent
【答案】B
【解析】語法(虛擬語氣)題。suggestion做主語的句子,是虛擬語氣的用法,從句用should+動詞原型,should可以省略。所以省略should的B選項(xiàng)正確。
7.問答題
Iwasfinallyabletoconvincehimofitsvalue.(Ifinallysucceeded)
【答案】Ifinallysucceededinconvincinghimofitsvalue.
8.單選題
Duringtheopera’smostfamousaria,thetempochosenbytheorchestra’sconductorseemed(
),withoutnecessaryrelationtowhathadgonebefore.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.tedious
B.melodious
C.capricious
D.moderation
【答案】C
【解析】名詞辨析題。tedious沉悶的,冗長乏味的;melodious旋律優(yōu)美的;capricious反復(fù)無常的,任性的;moderation適度,節(jié)制。句意:在歌劇最著名的詠嘆調(diào)中,管弦樂隊(duì)指揮所選擇的節(jié)奏似乎有些隨意,與之前的情況沒有必要的聯(lián)系。選項(xiàng)C更符合語境。
9.單選題
HarvardUniversity’sunder-graduateeducationisbeingreformedsothatitincludessometimespentoutsidetheUSandmoresciencecourses,theUSCableNewsNetwork(CNN)hasreported.Forthefirsttimein30years,Harvardis(1)itsunder-graduatecurriculum.WilliamKirby,deanofthefacultyofartsandsciences,saidthis
(2)
whatmanypeoplehadsaidthatHarvard’scurriculumdidnotprovideenoughchoiceandencourageprematurespecialization.
“Harvardneedsto
(3)
itseducationforaworldwhereglobalconnections,crossdisciplinaryresearch,andscienceingeneralareevermoreimportant,”saidKirby.
Particularly
(4)
istheideathatstudentsneedtospendtimeoverseas,eitherinatraditionalstudy-abroadprogramoroverasummer,perhapsdoinganinternshiporresearch.
Studentscaneitherfindtheprogramthemselvesor
(5)
someexchangeprogramsofferedbytheuniversity.
“
(6)
studyingChinesehistorywithoutleavingtheuniversity,studentsinterestedinthesubjectshouldbespendingasemesteratauniversityinChina.”
ItwasalsorecommendedthatHarvard
(7)
itsrequired“corecurriculum”.Thecorecurriculumwasaneffortcreatedin1978tobroadeneducationbyrequiringstudentstochoosefromalistofcoursesinseveralareasofstudy.Classesoftenfocusedonahighly
(8)topicandemphasized“waysofknowing”.
Underanewplan,thecurriculumwouldbereplacedwithasetof
(9)
“HarvardCollegeCourses”,emphasizingknowledgeovermethodologyand
(10)
widerterritory.Alifesciencescourse,forexample,mightcombinemolecularandevolutionarybiologyandpsychology,ratherthanfocusingononeofthose,saidBenedictGross,HarvardCollegedean.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.inspecting
B.reviewing
C.searching
D.underlying
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.inaccordancewith
B.inlinewith
C.inchargeof
D.inresponseto
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.update
B.uphold
C.upset
D.upward
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.trust-worthy
B.note-worthy
C.praise-worthy
D.reward-worthy
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.turnout
B.turnin
C.turnto
D.turnover
問題6選項(xiàng)
A.Inspiteof
B.Asif
C.Letalone
D.Ratherthan
問題7選項(xiàng)
A.perish
B.destroy
C.abolish
D.denounce
問題8選項(xiàng)
A.appropriate
B.imaginative
C.special
D.specific
問題9選項(xiàng)
A.optical
B.optional
C.opposite
D.optimistic
問題10選項(xiàng)
A.sparing
B.spiraling
C.spanning
D.sparkling
【答案】第1題:B
第2題:D
第3題:A
第4題:B
第5題:C
第6題:D
第7題:C
第8題:D
第9題:B
第10題:C
【解析】(1)動詞詞義辨析題。A選項(xiàng)inspect“檢查,視察”;B選項(xiàng)review“評審,審查,檢查”;C選項(xiàng)search“搜索,探究”;D選項(xiàng)underlie“構(gòu)成……的基礎(chǔ)”。文章第一句介紹了哈佛大學(xué)的研究生教育正在進(jìn)行改革,包括在美國以外的時間和更多的科學(xué)課程,由此可以推斷出空格句表示“哈佛大學(xué)正在審議大學(xué)本科教育課程”,B選項(xiàng)正確。
(2)介詞詞組辨析題。A選項(xiàng)inaccordancewith“根據(jù),按照”;B選項(xiàng)inlinewith“符合,與…….致”;C選項(xiàng)inchargeof“負(fù)責(zé),主管”;D選項(xiàng)inresponseto“對…做出反應(yīng),作為…的回應(yīng)”。由“哈佛大學(xué)對課程進(jìn)行了審議”和空格后的句意是“很多人認(rèn)為哈佛大學(xué)的課程沒有提供足夠的選擇,鼓勵過早的專業(yè)化”,空格前是改革的舉動,所以兩句話的邏輯關(guān)系是改革是對問題的‘’回應(yīng),所以D選項(xiàng)正確。
(3)動詞詞義辨析題。A選項(xiàng)update“使現(xiàn)代化,更新”;B選項(xiàng)uphold“支持,維護(hù)”;C選項(xiàng)upset“攪亂,使煩惱”;D選項(xiàng)upward“向上的,上漲的”。根據(jù)上一段的“哈佛大學(xué)正進(jìn)行大學(xué)本科教育改革”可知本句句意是‘哈佛需要更新它的教育,以適應(yīng)一個全球聯(lián)系、跨學(xué)科研究和科學(xué)越來越重要的世界,’A選項(xiàng)“使現(xiàn)代化,更新”正確。
(4)形容詞詞義辨析題。A選項(xiàng)trust-worthy“可靠的,可信賴的”;B選項(xiàng)note-worthy“值得注意的,顯著的”;C選項(xiàng)praise-worthy“值得稱贊的,可嘉的”;D選項(xiàng)reward-worthy“值得獎勵的”??崭袼钊氲脑~語修飾空后名詞theidea,句意‘特別……是,學(xué)生們需要在海外度過一段時間,要么參加傳統(tǒng)的海外留學(xué)項(xiàng)目,要么度過一個暑假,或許是去實(shí)習(xí)或做研究?!疊選項(xiàng)符合邏輯正確。
(5)動詞詞組辨析題。A選項(xiàng)turnout“出席(某項(xiàng)活動),結(jié)果是”;B選項(xiàng)turnin“上交,朝內(nèi)”;C選項(xiàng)turnto“轉(zhuǎn)向,變成,求助于,開始行動”;D選項(xiàng)turnover“翻轉(zhuǎn),移交”。原文句子意思是:學(xué)生可以自己找相關(guān)的課程,也可以……大學(xué)提供的一些交換項(xiàng)目。C選項(xiàng)“轉(zhuǎn)向,求助于,”符合邏輯。
(6)詞組辨析題。A選項(xiàng)Inspiteof“不管,盡管”;B選項(xiàng)Asif“好像,似乎”;C選項(xiàng)Letalone“更不用說”;D選項(xiàng)Ratherthan“而不是”。逗號前句意‘在校內(nèi)學(xué)習(xí)中國歷史,’逗號后句意‘對這門學(xué)科感興趣的學(xué)生應(yīng)該在中國的一所大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)一個學(xué)期。’兩句話的邏輯關(guān)系應(yīng)該是表轉(zhuǎn)折,D選項(xiàng)正確。
(7)動詞詞義辨析題。A選項(xiàng)perish“死亡,毀滅”;B選項(xiàng)destroy“摧毀,破壞”;C選項(xiàng)abolish“廢除,廢止(法律、制度、習(xí)俗等)”;D選項(xiàng)denounce“譴責(zé),指責(zé),告發(fā)(某人從事非法政治活動)”。根據(jù)下文中最后一段的開頭“Underanewplan,thecurriculumwouldbereplacedwith...按照新的計(jì)劃,這一課程應(yīng)當(dāng)替換為……”可以確定這個“corecurriculum”已經(jīng)廢除,C選項(xiàng)正確。
(8)形容詞詞義辨析題。A選項(xiàng)appropriate“合適的,恰當(dāng)?shù)摹?;B選項(xiàng)imaginative“富于想象力的,創(chuàng)新的”;C選項(xiàng)special"特殊的,特別的,專用的”;D選項(xiàng)specific“具體的,特定的,獨(dú)特的”。原句子的意思是‘課程通常集中在高度…主題并強(qiáng)調(diào)“認(rèn)識的方法”。’確定D選項(xiàng)正確。
(9)形容詞詞義辨析題。A選項(xiàng)optical“視覺的,光學(xué)的”;B選項(xiàng)optional“可選擇的,選修的”;C選項(xiàng)opposite“對面的,相反的”;D選項(xiàng)optimistic“樂觀的”。根據(jù)第62題解析確定這里句意應(yīng)該是‘根據(jù)一項(xiàng)新計(jì)劃,課程將被替換為一組可選的“哈佛大學(xué)課程”,’B選項(xiàng)正確。
(10)動詞詞義辨析題。A選項(xiàng)spare“抽出,留出,免去,饒恕”;B選項(xiàng)spiral“盤旋上升(或下降)”;C選項(xiàng)span“包括(廣大地區(qū)),涵蓋(多項(xiàng)內(nèi)容),跨越”;D選項(xiàng)sparkle“閃耀,生氣勃勃”??崭袼畹脑~應(yīng)與‘widerterritory更廣泛的領(lǐng)域’搭配使用,只有C選項(xiàng)可以,所以C選項(xiàng)正確。
10.單選題
Globalwarmingiscausingmorethan300,000deathsandabout$125billionineconomiclosseseachyear,accordingtoareportbytheGlobalHumanitarianForum,anorganizationledbyKofiAnnan,theformerUnitedNationssecretarygeneral.
Thereports,tobereleasedFriday,analyzeddataandexistingstudiesofhealth,disaster,populationandeconomictrends.Itfoundthathuman-influencedclimatechangewasraisingtheglobaldeathratesfromillnessesincludingmalnutritionandheat-relatedhealthproblems.
Butevenbeforeitsrelease,thereportdrewcriticismfromsomeexpertsonclimateandrisk,whoquestioneditsmethodsandconclusions.
Alongwiththedeaths,thereportsaidthatthelivesof325millionpeople,primarilyinpoorcountriesarebeingseriouslyaffectedbyclimatechange.Itprojectedthatthenumberwoulddoubleby2030.
RogerPielkeJr.,apoliticalscientistattheUniversityofColorado,Boulder,whostudiesdisastertrends,saidtheForum’sreportwas“amethodologicalembarrassment”becausetherewasnowaytodistinguishdeathsoreconomiclossesrelatedtohuman-drivenglobalwarmingamidthemuchlargerlossesresultingfromthegrowthinpopulationsandeconomicdevelopmentinvulnerableregions.Dr.Pielkesaidtheclimatechangeisanimportantproblemrequiringourutmostattention.”Butthereport,hesaid,“willharmhecauseforactiononbothclimatechangeanddisastersbecauseitissodeeplyflawed.”
However,SorenAndreasen,asocialscientistatDalbergGlobalDevelopmentPartnerswhosupervisedthewritingofthereport,defendedit,sayingthatitwasclearthatthenumberswereroughestimates.Hesaidthereportwasaimedatworldleaders,whowillmeetinCopenhageninDecembertonegotiateanewinternationalclimatetreaty.
Inapressreleasedescribingthereport,Mr.Annanstressedtheneedforthenegotiationstofocusonincreasingtheflowofmoneyfromrichtopoorregionstohelpreducetheirvulnerabilitytoclimatehazardswhilestillcurbingtheemissionsoftheheat-trappinggases.Morethan90%ofthehumanandeconomiclossesfromclimatechangeareoccurringinpoorcountries,accordingtothereport.
1.WhatisthefindingoftheGlobalHumanitarianForum?
2.WhatdowelearnabouttheForum’sreportfromthepassage?
3.WhatdoesDr.PielkesayabouttheForum’sreport?
4.WhatisSorenAdreasen’sviewofthereport?
5.WhatdoesKofiAnnansayshouldbethefocusoftheCopenhagenconference?
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.Ratesofdeathfromillnesseshaverisenduetoglobalwarming.
B.Globaltemperaturesaffecttherateofeconomicdevelopment.
C.Malnutritionhascausedserioushealthproblemsinpoorcountries.
D.Economictrendshavetodowithpopulationandnaturaldisasters.
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.Itcausedabigstirindevelopingcountries.
B.Itwaswarmlyreceivedbyenvironmentalists
C.Itarousedalotofinterestinthescientificcircles.
D.Itwaschallengedbysomeclimateandriskexperts.
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.Itsstatisticslookembarrassing.
B.Itdeservesourclosetsattention.
C.Itisinvalidintermsofmethodology
D.Itsconclusionispurposelyexaggerated
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.Itsconclusionsarebasedoncarefullycollecteddata.
B.Itisvulnerabletocriticismifthestatisticsarecloselyexamined
C.ItwillgiverisetoheateddiscussionsattheCopenhagenconference.
D.Itsroughestimatesaremeanttodrawtheattentionofworldleaders.
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.Howhumanandeconomiclossesfromclimatechangecanbereduced
B.Howrichcountriescanbetterhelppoorregionsreduceclimatehazards
C.Howemissionsofheattrappinggasescanbereducedonaglobalsale.
D.Howrichandpoorregionscanshareresponsibilityincurbingglobalwarming
【答案】第1題:A
第2題:D
第3題:C
第4題:D
第5題:B
【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章第一段第一句,“Globalwarmingiscausingmorethan300,000deathsandabout$125billionineconomiclosseseachyear,accordingtoareportbytheGlobalHumanitarianForum…”,可知全球人道主義論壇的一份報(bào)告顯示,全球變暖每年導(dǎo)致30多萬人死亡,造成大約1250億美元的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失??膳袛喑鋈蛉说乐髁x論壇發(fā)現(xiàn)全球變暖導(dǎo)致疾病死亡率上升。因此選項(xiàng)A符合題意。
2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第一二段主要提到了人道主義論壇報(bào)告的具體內(nèi)容,第三段提到了相關(guān)態(tài)度和評價。根據(jù)文章第三段,“…thereportdrewcriticismfromsomeexpertsonclimateandrisk,whoquestioneditsmethodsandconclusions.”,可知這份報(bào)告招致了一些氣候和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)專家的批評,他們對報(bào)告的方法和結(jié)論提出了質(zhì)疑。可判斷出這份報(bào)告受到了一些氣候和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)專家的質(zhì)疑。因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。
3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章第五段,“RogerPielkeJr….saidtheForum’sreportwas‘a(chǎn)methodologicalembarrassment…’”,可知皮爾克=表示,該論壇的報(bào)告存在“方法論的尷尬”。可判斷出Dr.Pielke在方法論上是無效的。因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。
4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章第六段,“…sayingthatitwasclearthatthenumberswereroughestimates.Hesaidthereportwasaimedatworldleaders,whowillmeetinCopenhageninDecembertonegotiateanewinternationalclimatetreaty.”,可知SorenAdreasen認(rèn)為這份報(bào)告的數(shù)據(jù)只是粗略估計(jì),是針對世界各國領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人,他們將在于12月在哥本哈根舉行會議,就一項(xiàng)新的國際氣候條約進(jìn)行談判??膳袛喑鯝dreasen認(rèn)為報(bào)告的粗略估計(jì)是為了引起世界領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人的注意。因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。
5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章最后一段,“Mr.Annanstressedtheneedforthenegotiationstofocusonincreasingtheflowofmoneyfromrichtopoorregionstohelpreducetheirvulnerabilitytoclimatehazardswhilestillcurbingtheemissionsoftheheat-trappinggases.”,可知Annan強(qiáng)調(diào),談判需要把重點(diǎn)放在增加從富有地區(qū)流向貧困地區(qū)的資金問題上,以幫助他們降低面對氣候?yàn)?zāi)害的脆弱性,同時減少溫室氣體的排放??膳袛喑鯧ofiAnnan認(rèn)為哥本哈根會議的重點(diǎn)應(yīng)該放在富國如何才能更好地幫助貧困地區(qū)減少氣候?yàn)?zāi)害的問題上。因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。
11.單選題
Thosepeople(
)ageneralunderstandingofthepresentsituation.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.lackof
B.arelackingof
C.lack
D.areinlack
【答案】C
【解析】語法題。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu),可知空格中填入謂語,因?yàn)閘ack為及物動詞,其后接賓語無需用介詞,選項(xiàng)A和B可排除。又因?yàn)楣潭ù钆鋓nlackof“缺少,缺乏”,選項(xiàng)D可排除。句意:這些人缺乏對目前形勢的基本了解。根據(jù)排除法,選項(xiàng)C符合題意。
12.問答題
Don’ttouchthosewiresinanycircumstances.(Under)
【答案】Don’ttouchthosewiresunderanycircumstances.
13.單選題
W:DoyoumindifItakeacoupleofhoursoffthisafternoon?
M:OK,butwhatfor?
Q:Whatisthewomanaskingfor?
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.Advice
B.Leave
C.Time
D.Reason.
【答案】B
【解析】題目中“takeacoupleofhoursoff”的意思是“請幾個小時的假”,和B選項(xiàng)的“askforleave”意思相同,B選項(xiàng)正確。
14.單選題
Aninterestingtheoryineconomicsis(1)bytheHeadManofasmallmountaintribe.Itseemsthatthistribewasverygoodatmakingstrawmatsthathadgreatsales
(2)
inthe
(3)
market.TherepresentativeofanAmericancompanywenttovisitthetribeandtriedtomakeagoodbusinessdeal.He
(4)
totheHeadManand
(5)
thathiscompanywouldliketo
(6)
severalthousandpieces.
Undoubtedly,hesaid,thebusiness
(7)
wouldbe
(8)
tothetribe.Aftersomethoughts,theHeadMan
(9)
,butannouncedthatthepriceperpiecewouldbe
(10)
insucha
(11)
orderthanitwouldbeif
(12)
asmallorderwereplaced.Therepresentativewas
(13)
thanalittleshocked
(14)
thebusinesssenseoftheHeadMan,
(15)
insistedthatthepriceshouldbe
(16)becauseofthelargevolume,and
(17)
nothigher.No,repliedtheheadofthetribe
(18)
.Butwhynot?askedtheAmerican.Because
(19)
issotiresometomakethe
(20)
articleoverandover,answeredtheHeadMan.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.illustrated
B.appreciated
C.demonstrated
D.anticipated
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.capacity
B.potential
C.ability
D.fortune
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.straw
B.global
C.world
D.earth
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.addressed
B.spoke
C.asked
D.told
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.declared
B.confirmed
C.demanded
D.gestured
問題6選項(xiàng)
A.order
B.sell
C.dispose
D.make
問題7選項(xiàng)
A.treaty
B.pact
C.matter
D.deal
問題8選項(xiàng)
A.effective
B.efficient
C.valuable
D.profitable
問題9選項(xiàng)
A.agreed
B.accepted
C.refused
D.received
問題10選項(xiàng)
A.lower
B.higher
C.expensive
D.cheaper
問題11選項(xiàng)
A.small
B.big
C.vast
D.high
問題12選項(xiàng)
A.certainly
B.really
C.only
D.simply
問題13選項(xiàng)
A.greater
B.stronger
C.less
D.more
問題14選項(xiàng)
A.from
B.of
C.at
D.since
問題15選項(xiàng)
A.who
B.and
C.then
D.therefore
問題16選項(xiàng)
A.lower
B.higher
C.little
D.raised
問題17選項(xiàng)
A.never
B.really
C.certainly
D.yet
問題18選項(xiàng)
A.weakly
B.happily
C.stubbornly
D.hesitatingly
問題19選項(xiàng)
A.he
B.it
C.what
D.work
問題20選項(xiàng)
A.similar
B.beautiful
C.alike
D.same
【答案】第1題:C
第2題:B
第3題:C
第4題:B
第5題:A
第6題:A
第7題:D
第8題:D
第9題:A
第10題:B
第11題:B
第12題:C
第13題:D
第14題:C
第15題:C
第16題:A
第17題:C
第18題:C
第19題:B
第20題:D
【解析】(1)動詞辨析題。illustrate舉例說明,闡述;appreciate欣賞,感激;demonstrate展示,證明;anticipate預(yù)料,預(yù)期。句意:一個小山村部落的首領(lǐng)一個有趣的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)理論。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“theory”可知選項(xiàng)C“證實(shí)....理論”最為恰當(dāng)。
(2)近義詞辨析題。capacity能力;potential潛力;ability能耐;fortune財(cái)富,運(yùn)氣。根據(jù)下文“一家美國公司的代表去拜訪這個部落,試圖達(dá)成一筆好生意?!闭f明這些草席是有銷售潛力的,所以選項(xiàng)B更恰當(dāng)。
(3)考查固定用法。worldmarket為固定用法,表示“國際市場,世界市場”。所以選項(xiàng)C正確。
(4)近義詞辨析題。根據(jù)句意可知,這里是想表達(dá)美國公司的代表對部落首領(lǐng)說....。選項(xiàng)A太正式,一般用于書信表達(dá);選項(xiàng)C意為請求,要求;選項(xiàng)D后面直接接sb.,不用介詞to,所以只有選項(xiàng)B正確。
(5)動詞辨析題。declared宣稱,斷言;confirmed證實(shí),批準(zhǔn);demanded要求;gestured做手勢。根據(jù)下文可知,這里指宣稱他的公司將要訂購幾千個草席這件事件,所以選項(xiàng)A符合句意。
(6)動詞辨析題。order訂購;sell售賣;dispose處理;make制造。根據(jù)上文可知,這里是訂購草席,所以選項(xiàng)A正確。
(7)考查固定搭配。businessdeal為固定搭配,意為“交易,生意”。選項(xiàng)D正確。
(8)形容詞辨析題。effective有效的;efficient有效率的;valuable有價值的;profitable有利可圖的。根據(jù)原文可知,這里涉及到達(dá)成交易,所以對于部落來說應(yīng)該是有利可圖的,所以選項(xiàng)D符合語境。
(9)上下文推斷。根據(jù)下文“butannouncedthat...”可知,說明首領(lǐng)同意達(dá)成這筆交易,但是有一個條件。所以選項(xiàng)A正確。
(10)上下文推斷。根據(jù)下文的“shocked”可知,這里提出來的條件應(yīng)該是不合理的。所以填空處應(yīng)表示價格高,再根據(jù)后面的than可知,這里應(yīng)填入比較級,所以選項(xiàng)B正確。
(11)上下文推斷。根據(jù)下文“than...asmallorder”可知,相對于小訂單來說,這里應(yīng)該是大筆的訂單,兩者形成比較。所以選項(xiàng)B正確。
(12)副詞辨析題。根據(jù)句意:如果僅僅只是下小訂單的話,那么大筆訂單中每件的價格要更高。選項(xiàng)C和D都有“僅僅”的意思,但simply強(qiáng)調(diào)簡單,所以選項(xiàng)C更恰當(dāng)。
(13)考查固定用法。“morethanalittle”為固定用法,意為“十分,非?!?。選項(xiàng)D正確。
(14)考查固定搭配。“beshockedat”為固定搭配,意為“對…感到震驚”。選項(xiàng)C正確。
(15)考查邏輯連詞。根據(jù)原文可知,美國公司的代表先是感到震驚,然后堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為價格應(yīng)該更低。選項(xiàng)C更符合語境。
(16)上下文推斷。上文提到,部落首領(lǐng)認(rèn)為大訂單的單價要高于小訂單的單價,美國公司的代表感到震驚,顯然是覺得這個價格不合理,他覺得大訂單的單價要低于小訂單的單價,所以這里應(yīng)填入“l(fā)ower”,選項(xiàng)A正確。
(17)副詞辨析題。never從未,絕不;really真正地;certainly當(dāng)然,必定;yet還,已經(jīng)。根據(jù)句意:因?yàn)閿?shù)量大,當(dāng)然價格不能更高。所以選項(xiàng)C符合語境。
(18)副詞辨析題。weakly虛弱地,無力地;happily快樂地;stubbornly固執(zhí)地;hesitatingly踟躇地。根據(jù)首領(lǐng)的回答“No”可知,他固執(zhí)的拒絕了,選項(xiàng)C符合語境。
(19)考查語法結(jié)構(gòu)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,本句真正的主語是后面的不定式,所以填空處應(yīng)填入it做形式主語。選項(xiàng)B正確。
(20)詞組辨析題。similar和alike都表示相似的;same相同的;根據(jù)下文“overandover重復(fù),一遍又一遍”可知,這里指重復(fù)做同樣的事情,所以選項(xiàng)D正確。
15.單選題
The(
)ofaculturalphenomenonisusuallyalogicalconsequenceofsomephysicalaspectinthelifestyleofthepeople.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.manifestation
B.implementation
C.expedition
D.demonstration
【答案】A
【解析】名詞辨析題。manifestation表現(xiàn),顯示;implementation實(shí)現(xiàn),履行;expedition遠(yuǎn)征;demonstration示范,證明。句意:文化現(xiàn)象的
通常是人們生活習(xí)慣中某些物質(zhì)方面的邏輯結(jié)果。選項(xiàng)A更符合語境,所以正確。
16.問答題
Themanagerhasaskedmetoconsiderthisproposalcarefully,(consideration)
【答案】Themanagerhasaskedmetotakethisproposalintoconsiderationcarefully.
17.單選題
Automationreferstotheintroductionofelectroniccontrolandautomaticoperationofproductivemachinery.Itreducesthehumanf
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