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住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-北京航空航天大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I(帶答案詳解)(圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大小)題型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Duringrecentyearswehaveheardmuchabout“race”:howthisracedoescertainthingsandthatracebelievescertainthingsandsoon.Yet,the(1)phenomenonofraceconsistsofafewsurfaceindications.

Wejudgeraceusually(2)thecoloringoftheskin:awhiterace,abrownrace,ayellowraceandablackrace.But(3)youweretoremovetheskinyoucouldnot(4)anythingabouttheracetowhichtheindividualbelonged,Thereis(5)inphysicalstructture,thebrainortheinternalorgansto(6)adifference.

Therearefourtypesofblood.(7)typesarefoundineveryrace,andnotypeisdistincttoanyrace.Humanbrainsarethe(8)?Noscientistscouldexamineabrainandtellyoutheracetowhichtheindividualbelonged.Brainswill(9)insize,butthisoc-curswithineveryrace.(10)doessizehaveanythingtodowithintelligence.Thelargestbrain(11)examinedbelongedtoapersonofweak(12)Ontheotherhand,someofourmostdistinguishedpeoplehavehad(13)brains.

Mentaltestswhicharereasonably(14)shownodifferencesinintelligencebetweenraces.Highandlowtestresultsbothcanberecordedbydifferentmembersofanyrace.(15)equaleducationaladvantages,therewillbenodifferenceinaveragestandings,ei-theronaccountofraceorgeographicallocation.Individualsofeveryrace(16)civilizationtogobackwardorforward.Trainingandeducationcanchangetheresponseofagroupofpeople(17)enablethemtobehaveina/an(18)way.

Thebehaviorandidealsofpeoplechangeaccordingtocircumstances,buttheycanalwaysgobackorgoontosomethingnew(19)isbetterandhigherthananything(20)thepast

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.complete

B.full

C.total

D.whole

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.in

B.from

C.at

D.on

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.since

B.if

C.as

D.while

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.speak

B.talk

C.tell

D.mention

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.something

B.everything

C.nothing

D.anything

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.display

B.indicate

C.demonstrate

D.appear

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.All

B.Most

C.No

D.Some

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.same

B.identical

C.similar

D.alike

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.remain

B.increase

C.decrease

D.vary

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.Only

B.Or

C.Nor

D.So

問題11選項(xiàng)

A.ever

B.then

C.never

D.once

問題12選項(xiàng)

A.health

B.body

C.mind

D.thought

問題13選項(xiàng)

A.big

B.small

C.minor

D.major

問題14選項(xiàng)

A.true

B.exact

C.certain

D.accurate

問題15選項(xiàng)

A.Provided

B.Concerning

C.Given

D.Following

問題16選項(xiàng)

A.make

B.cause

C.move

D.turn

問題17選項(xiàng)

A.and

B.but

C.though

D.so

問題18選項(xiàng)

A.ordinary

B.peculiar

C.usual

D.common

問題19選項(xiàng)

A.that

B.what

C.whichever

D.whatever

問題20選項(xiàng)

A.for

B.to

C.within

D.in

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:C

第6題:B

第7題:A

第8題:A

第9題:D

第10題:C

第11題:A

第12題:C

第13題:B

第14題:D

第15題:C

第16題:B

第17題:A

第18題:B

第19題:A

第20題:D

【解析】1.考查上下文語義??崭袼诰涞那耙痪涮岬絚ertainthings,因此whole(所有的;完整的)應(yīng)放在空格處與之對應(yīng)。

2.考查固定搭配。句意:我們通常根據(jù)皮膚的顏色來種族。judgefrom意為“根據(jù)……作出判斷”,故B項(xiàng)符合句意。

3.考查邏輯關(guān)系詞。句意:但是去除了皮膚,你就無法辨別一個(gè)人屬于哪個(gè)種族。B項(xiàng)if在空格處引導(dǎo)條件句。

4.考查動(dòng)詞詞義。句意:但是如果去除了皮膚,你就無法一個(gè)人屬于哪個(gè)種族。tell意為“辨別”,故C項(xiàng)為正確答案。其他三項(xiàng)中,A選項(xiàng)speak講,談;B選項(xiàng)talk說,討論;D選項(xiàng)mention提到,C選項(xiàng)tell符合句意。

5.考查上下文語義。句意:去除了皮膚就無法辨別一個(gè)人屬于哪個(gè)種族,身體結(jié)構(gòu)、大腦或內(nèi)部器官方面也差異。C項(xiàng)nothing意為“沒有什么”,故C項(xiàng)為正確答案。

6.考查動(dòng)詞詞義。句意:身體結(jié)構(gòu)、大腦或內(nèi)部器官方面也沒有差異。A選項(xiàng)display顯示,陳列;B項(xiàng)indicate表明;指出;C選項(xiàng)demonstrate證明,顯示;D選項(xiàng)appear出現(xiàn),B項(xiàng)indicate符合句意。

7.考查上下文語義。句意:在每個(gè)種族中都可以找到血液類型,沒有哪種血型是某個(gè)種族獨(dú)有的。A選項(xiàng)All全部的;B選項(xiàng)Most大部分的;C選項(xiàng)No沒有的;D選項(xiàng)Some一些,所以A選項(xiàng)All符合句意。

8.考查上下文語義。在每個(gè)種族中都可以找到所有的血液類型,沒有哪種血型是某個(gè)種族獨(dú)有的。因此推測空格處可能是說人腦也一樣。thesame意為“一樣,同上”,故A項(xiàng)為正確答案。

9.考查動(dòng)詞詞義。句意:大腦的大小會(huì)。A選項(xiàng)remain留下,保持;B選項(xiàng)increase增加,增大;C選項(xiàng)decrease減少,減小;D選項(xiàng)vary變化,不同。因此D選項(xiàng)vary符合句意。

10.nor含否定意義,放在此空格處,句意為:大腦的大小和智力沒有任何關(guān)系。而且后面主謂倒置(部分倒置),故C項(xiàng)為正確答案。

11.句意:檢測出的最大的大腦來自一個(gè)智力差的人。ever意為“曾經(jīng),以前”,在空格處表示“有史以來”,故A項(xiàng)為正確答案。

12.考查名詞詞義。句意:有史以來檢測出的最大的大腦來自一個(gè)差的人。A選項(xiàng)health健康;B選項(xiàng)body身體;C選項(xiàng)mind智力,頭腦;D選項(xiàng)thought思想,C選項(xiàng)mind符合句意。

13.考查上下文語義??崭袼诰涞那懊嫣岬阶畲蟮拇竽X來自一個(gè)智力差的人,后面一句說Ontheotherhand,因此推測后面是說:另一方面,某些最杰出人士的大腦卻很小。B選項(xiàng)small意為“小的”,故B項(xiàng)為正確答案。

14.考查形容詞詞義。句意:非常智力測驗(yàn)表明種族間的智力沒有差異。A選項(xiàng)true真實(shí)的,正確的;B選項(xiàng)exact準(zhǔn)確的;C選項(xiàng)certain某一,已確定的;D選項(xiàng)accurate精確的。D選項(xiàng)accurate符合句意。

15.句意:平等的教育條件,無論是哪個(gè)種族還是哪個(gè)地域的人,他們的平均排名沒有差異。

A選項(xiàng)Provided如果;B選項(xiàng)Concerning關(guān)于;C選項(xiàng)Given如果有(機(jī)會(huì)等);D選項(xiàng)Following之后,因此C項(xiàng)符合句意。

16.考查動(dòng)詞詞義。句意:每個(gè)種族的成員都會(huì)文明的倒退或進(jìn)步。A選項(xiàng)make使產(chǎn)生,制造;B選項(xiàng)cause引起;C選項(xiàng)move移動(dòng);D選項(xiàng)turn使轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng),因此B選項(xiàng)cause符合句意。

17.考查邏輯關(guān)系??崭袼诰涞木湟鉃椋号嘤?xùn)和教育可以改變一群人的反應(yīng),使他們能夠以一種特有的方式行事。前后兩句為并列關(guān)系,故A項(xiàng)為正確答案。

18.考查形容詞詞義。句意:培訓(xùn)和教育可以改變一群人的反應(yīng),并且使他們能夠以一種方式行事。A選項(xiàng)ordinary普通的;B選項(xiàng)peculiar異常的;特有的;C選項(xiàng)usual常見的;D選項(xiàng)common共有的,普通的,因此B選項(xiàng)peculiar符合句意。

19.考查定語從句。句意:他們總是可以重新開始或者繼續(xù)嘗試比以往更好的新事物。That在空格處引導(dǎo)定語從句,修飾先行詞something,故A項(xiàng)為正確答案。

20.考查介詞。句意:繼續(xù)嘗試比更好的新事物。D選項(xiàng)inthepast意為“在過去;以往”,符合句意。

2.單選題

Theseexcursionswillgiveyouanevendeeper()intoourlanguageandculture.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.inquiry

B.investigation

C.input

D.insight

【答案】D

【解析】名詞辨析。inquiry詢問,調(diào)查;investigation調(diào)查,研究;input輸入,投入;insight深入了解,深刻見解。句意:這次短途旅行會(huì)使你對我們的語言和文化有更加深入的

。因此D選項(xiàng)符合句意。

3.單選題

Alltheceremoniesatthe2000OlympicgameshadauniqueAustralianflavor,()oftheirmulticulturalcommunities.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.noticeable

B.indicative

C.conspicuous

D.implicit

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞辨析。noticeable明顯的;indicative表示的,象征的;conspicuous明顯的,惹人注

目的;implicit不言明的,含蓄的,無疑問的。句意:2000年奧運(yùn)會(huì)所有的儀式都帶有一

種獨(dú)特的澳大利亞風(fēng)情,()他們是多元文化的社會(huì)。B選項(xiàng)indicative在此符合句意,

意為“表明他們是多元文化的社會(huì)”。

4.單選題

Theplanforthenewofficetowerwentahead()oflocalopposition.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.onaccount

B.inthelight

C.out

D.regardless

【答案】D

【解析】句意:新建辦公樓的計(jì)劃已經(jīng)提前啟動(dòng),當(dāng)?shù)鼐用竦姆磳Αnaccount因?yàn)?;inthelight因?yàn)?,依?jù);out出于;regardless不管。根據(jù)后半句,當(dāng)?shù)鼐用穹磳Γ€是提前啟動(dòng)了計(jì)劃,因此選D。

5.單選題

Asforloveofchildren,thisloveis()expressedthroughsupplyingmaterialcomforts,a-musements,andeducationalopportunities.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.increasingly

B.tolerably

C.dynamically

D.obediently

【答案】A

【解析】副詞辨析。句意:至于對孩子的愛,這種愛總是表現(xiàn)在

為他們提供物質(zhì)上的安逸,玩樂和

教育的機(jī)會(huì)。increasingly逐漸地;tolerably可容忍地;dynamically充滿活力地;obediently服從地。

因此,A項(xiàng)符合句意。

6.單選題

Mr.Smithbecamevery()whenitwassuggestedthathehadmadeamistake.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ingenious

B.empirical

C.objective

D.indignant

【答案】D

【解析】D選項(xiàng)indignant意為“憤慨的”。句意:當(dāng)被指出犯了錯(cuò)誤的時(shí)候,史密斯先生變得非常(),應(yīng)選D。A選項(xiàng)ingenious聰明的;B選項(xiàng)empirical經(jīng)驗(yàn)主義的;C選項(xiàng)objective客觀的;D選項(xiàng)indignant憤慨的。D選項(xiàng)indignant符合句意。

7.單選題

Theriverwas()withindustrialwastefromthenearbyfactory.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Irradiated

B.contaminated

C.corrupted

D.fragmented

【答案】B

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析。句意:這條河被來自附近的工業(yè)廢料()。

irradiate輻射;contaminate污染;corrupt使腐敗,使墮落;fragment分裂,使成碎片。由題意可知這條河被工業(yè)廢料污染了,B選項(xiàng)“污染”符合句意。

8.單選題

Ingeneral,matterswhichlieentirelywithinstatebordersarethe()concernofstategov-ernments.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.extinct

B.excluding

C.excessive

D.exclusive

【答案】D

【解析】形容詞辨析。句意:—般來說,國家邊境問題是政府()關(guān)心的問題。

extinct滅絕的;excluding除…外,不包括;excessive過度的,過分的;exclusive獨(dú)有的,專一的。D項(xiàng)exclusive獨(dú)有的,專一的符合句意,在這里表示“專門的,特別的”。

9.單選題

Inrecentyears,teachersofintroductorycoursesinAsianAmericanstudieshavebeenfacingadilemmanonexistentafewdecadesago,whenhardlyanytextsinthatfieldwereavailable.Today,excellentanthologies(文選)andotherintroductorytextsexist,andbooksonindividualAsianAmeri-cansarepublishedalmostweekly.Evenprofessorswhoareexpertsinthefieldfinditdifficulttode-cidewhichofthesetoassigntostudents;non-expertswhoteachinrelatedareasandarelookingforwritingsforandbyAsianAmericantoincludeinsurveycoursesareinanevenworseposition.

Acomplicatingfactorhasbeenthecontinuinglackofspecializedone-volumereferenceworksonAsianAmericans,suchasbiographicaldictionariesordesktopencyclopedias.Suchworkswouldena-blestudentstakingAsianAmericanstudiescourses(andprofessorsinrelatedfields)tolookupbasicinformationonAsianAmericanindividuals,institutions,history,andculturewithouthavingtowadethrough(費(fèi)力地閱讀冗長或艱深的材料)mountainsofprimarysourcematerial.Inaddition,given

suchworks,AsianAmericanstudiesprofessorsmightfeelmorefreetoincludemorechallengingAsianAmericanmaterialintheirintroductoryreadinglists,sincegoodreferenceworksallowstudentstoac-quireontheirownthebackgroundinformationnecessarytointerpretdifficultorunfamiliarmaterial.

1.Theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith().

2.The“dilemma”(Line2,Para.1)canbestbecharacterizedasbeingcausedbythenecessitytomakeachoicewhenfacedwitha()

3.Biographicaldictionariesanddesktopencyclopediasare().

4.WhichofthefollowingisimpliedabouttheintroductorycoursesinAsianAmericanstudiesafewdecadesago?

5.Accordingtothepassage,theexistenceofgoodone-volumereferenceworksaboutAsianAmeri-canscouldresultin()

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.respondingtoacriticism

B.describingacourseofstudy

C.discussingaproblem

D.evaluatingapastcourseofaction

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.lackofacceptablealternatives

B.lackofstrictstandardsforevaluatingalternatives

C.preponderanceofbadalternativesascomparedtogood

D.multitudeofdifferentalternatives

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.primarysourcematerials

B.introductorytexts

C.excellentanthologies

D.referencematerials

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Therangeofdifferenttextbooksthatcouldbeassignedforsuchwasextremelylimited.

B.Thetextsassignedasreadingsinsuchcourseswereoftennotverychallengingforstudents.

C.Studentsoftencomplainedaboutthetextsassignedtothem,insuchcourses.

D.Suchcourseswereofferedonlyatschoolswhoselibrarieswererichinprimarysources.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.increasedagreementamongprofessorsofAsianAmericanstudiesregardingthequalityofthesourcesavailableintheirfield

B.anincreaseinthenumberofstudentssighingupforintroductorycoursesinAsianAmericanstudies

C.increasedaccuracyinwritingsthatconcernAsianAmericanhistoryandculture

D.theinclusionofawiderrangeofAsianAmericanmaterialinintroductoryreadinglistsinAsi-anAmericanstudies

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.主旨題。本文主要講述了亞美研究中教授基礎(chǔ)課程的老師一直面臨著不知道向?qū)W生推薦哪本教科書的困境。因此C項(xiàng)正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)題。第一段指出:Evenprofessorswhoareexpertsinthefieldfinditdifficulttodecidewhichofthesetoassigntostudents(即使是這個(gè)領(lǐng)域的專家也很難推薦教科書),因此,D項(xiàng)“面臨多種選擇的困境”正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“Biographicaldictionariesanddesktopencyclopedias”定位至第二段:Acomplicatingfactorhasbeenthecontinuinglackofspecializedone-volumereferenceworksonAsianAmericans,suchasbiographicaldictionariesordesktopencyclopedias(一個(gè)復(fù)雜的原因是在亞裔美國人身上一直缺乏專門的一卷參考書,如傳記詞典或桌面百科全書)。因此,D項(xiàng)referencematerials(參考資料)正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)題。第一段指出:Inrecentyears,teachersofintroductorycoursesinAsianAmericanstudieshavebeenfacingadilemmanonexistentafewdecadesago,whenhardlyanytextsinthatfieldwereavailable(近幾年來,亞美研究入門課程的教師們面臨著幾十年前不存在的兩難境地,當(dāng)時(shí)幾乎沒有這方面的教材)。因此,A項(xiàng)“能用作教科書的資料極其有限”正確。

5.細(xì)節(jié)題。第二段指出:sincegoodreferenceworksallowstudentstoacquireontheirownthebackgroundinformationnecessarytointerpretdifficultorunfamiliarmaterial(因?yàn)楹玫膮⒖假Y料可以讓學(xué)生獲得必要的背景信息并解讀難的不熟悉的資料)。因此D項(xiàng)“包含在更廣泛的亞美研究的閱讀書目中”正確。

10.單選題

ThereismuchIenjoyaboutthechangingseasons,butmyfavoritetimeisthe()fromfalltowinter.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.transmission

B.transformation

C.transition

D.transfer

【答案】C

【解析】名詞辨析。句意:我很喜歡季節(jié)變更,但是我最喜歡的時(shí)間是秋冬的。transmission傳遞;transformation變形,轉(zhuǎn)化;transition轉(zhuǎn)變,過渡時(shí)期;transfer遷移、傳遞。因此,C項(xiàng)符合句意。

11.單選題

Whileadmiringthatthisforecastwas()uncertain,thescientistswarnedagainsttreatingitasacryofwolf.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.anyhow

B.somewhere

C.somewhat

D.anyway

【答案】C

【解析】副詞辨析。句意:雖然承認(rèn)這次預(yù)報(bào)不確定,但科學(xué)家仍警告不要把它當(dāng)作危言聳聽。anyhow總之,無論如何;somewhere在某處,到某處;somewhat有點(diǎn),稍微;anyway總之,無論如何。因此,C項(xiàng)符合句意。

12.單選題

Tocallsomeonebird-brainedinEnglishmeansyouthinkthatpersonissillyorstu-pid.Butwillthisdescriptionsoondisappearfromuseinthelightofrecentresearch?ItseemstheEnglishmayhavebeenunfairinassociatingbird’sbrainswithstupidity.

Inanattempttofindouthowdifferentcreaturesseetheworld,psychologistsatBrownUniversityintheUSAhavebeencomparingthebehaviourofbirdsandhumans.OneexperimenthasinvolvedteachingpigeonstorecognizelettersoftheEnglishalphabet.Thebirdsstudyin“classrooms”,whichareboxesequippedwithacomputer.Afteraboutfourdaysofstudyingaparticularletter,thepigeonhastopickoutthatletterfromseveraldis-playedonthecomputerscreen.Threemalepigeonshavelearnttodistinguishalltwenty-sixlettersofthealphabetinthisway.

Acomputerrecordofthebirds’four-monthstudyperiodhasshownsurprisingsimilar-itiesbetweenthepigeons’andhumanperformance.Pigeonsandpeoplefindthesameletterseasy,orhard,totellapart.Forexample,92percentofthetimethepigeonscouldtelltheletterDfromtheletterZ.ButwhenfacedwithUandV(oftenconfusedbyEnglishchil-dren),thepigeonswererightonly34percentofthetime.

Theresultsoftheexperimentssofarhaveledpsychologiststoconcludethatpigeonsandhumansobservethingsinsimilarways.Thissuggeststhatthereissomethingfunda-mentalabouttherecognitionprocess.Ifscientistscouldonlydiscoverjustwhatthisrecog-nitionprocessis,itcouldbeveryusefulforcomputerdesigners.Thedisadvantageofapresentcomputeristhatitcanonlydowhatahumanbeinghasprogrammedittodoandtheprogrammermustgivethecomputerprecise,logicalinstructions.Maybeinthefuture,though,computerswillbeabletothinklikehumanbeings.

1.Thewritersuggeststhattheexpression“bird-brained”mightbeoutofusesoonbe-causeitis()

2.sychologistshavebeenexperimentingwithpigeonstofindoutwhetherthebirds

3.UandVareconfusedby().

4.Therearesimilaritiesinobservingthingsbypigeonsandhumans().

5.Theresearchmayhelp()?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.silly

B.impolite

C.unnecessary

D.inappropriate

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.arereallysillyorstupid

B.canlearntomakeideasknowntopeople

C.seetheworldashumanbeingsdo

D.learnmorequicklythanchildren

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.92percentofpigeons

B.manyEnglishchildren

C.mostpeoplelearningEnglish

D.4percentofEnglishchildren

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.becausepigeonsaretaughtbyhumans

B.becausepigeonshavebrainsmoredevelopedthanotherbirds

C.becausetheirbasicwaystoknowtheworldarethesame

D.becausepigeonsandhumanshavesimilarbrains

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.computerdesigners

B.computersalesmen

C.psychologists

D.teachers

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“bird-brained”定位至第一段:Tocallsomeonebird-brainedinEnglishmeansyouthinkthatpersonissillyorstupid.Butwillthisdescriptionsoondisappearfromuseinthelightofrecentresearch?ItseemstheEnglishmayhavebeenunfairinassociatingbird’sBrainswithstupidity(在英語中,如果稱某人為“鳥腦”,意思就是這個(gè)人非常愚蠢或沒頭腦。不過最近的一項(xiàng)研究顯示,這個(gè)叫法可能很快會(huì)不再使用??磥碛⒄Z將鳥的大腦與愚蠢聯(lián)系在一起是不公平的)。因此,正確答案為D。

2.根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“Psychologists,experimenting,pigeons”定位至第二段:Inanattempttofindouthowdifferentcreaturesseetheworld,美國布朗大學(xué)的心理學(xué)家將鳥類和人類的行為進(jìn)行了比較,為了了解不同的生物是怎么領(lǐng)會(huì)世界的。據(jù)此可知,心理學(xué)家用鴿子做實(shí)驗(yàn)是為了發(fā)現(xiàn)鳥類與人類在領(lǐng)會(huì)世界方面是否相同。

3.根據(jù)題干定位至第三段:ButwhenfacedwithUandV(oftenconfusedbyEnglishchildren),thepigeonswererightonly34percentofthetime(當(dāng)面對字母U和V(英語孩子常?;煜@兩個(gè)字母)時(shí),鴿子的正確率只有34%)。據(jù)此可知B項(xiàng)正確。

4.根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“observingthingsbypigeonsandhumans”定位至第四段:Theresultsoftheexperimentssofarhaveledpsychologiststoconcludethatpigeonsandhumansobservethingsinsimilarways.Thissuggeststhatthereissomethingfundamentalabouttherecognitionprocess.(目前為止,心理學(xué)家從這些實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果得到的結(jié)論是,鴿子和人類以相似的方式觀察事物。這表明,識別過程具有基本的因素。)據(jù)此可知,鴿子和人類在觀察事物方面相似是因?yàn)樗麄冋J(rèn)識世界的基本方法相同,因此正確答案為C。

5.根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“research”定位至第四段,第四段講的是resultsoftheexperiments(試驗(yàn)結(jié)果):Ifscientistscouldonlydiscoverjustwhatthisrecognitionprocessis,itcouldbeveryusefulforcomputerdesigners.”可知,這將給計(jì)算機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)師帶來很大的益處,A項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

Thequestionofwhetherwarisinevitableisonewhichhasconcernedmanyoftheworld’sgreatwriters.Beforeconsideringthisquestion,itwillbeusefultointroducesomerelatedconcepts.Conflict,definedasoppositionamongsocialentitiesdirectedagainstoneanother,isdistinguishedfromcompetition,definedasoppositionamongsocialentitiesindependentlystrivingforsomethingwhichisininadequatesupply.Competitorsmaynotbeawareofoneanother,whilethepartiestoaconflictare.Conflictandcompetitionarebothcategoriesofopposition,whichhasbeendefinedasaprocessbywhichsocialentitiesfunctioninthedisserviceofoneanother.Oppositionisthuscontrastedwithcooperation,theprocessbywhichsocialentitiesfunctionintheserviceofoneanother.Thesedefinitionsarenecessarybecauseitisimportanttoemphasizethatcompetitionbetweenindividualsorgroupsisinevitableinaworldoflimitedresources,butconflictisnot.Conflict,nevertheless,isverylikelytooccur,andisprobablyanessentialanddesirableelementofhumansocieties.

Manyauthorshavearguedfortheinevitabilityofwarfromthepremisethatinthestruggleforexistenceamonganimalspecies,onlythefittestsurvive.Ingeneral,however,thisstruggleinnatureiscompetition,notconflict.Socialanimals,suchasmonkeysandcattle,fighttowinormaintainleadershipofthegroup.Thestruggleforexistenceoccursnotinsuchfights,butinthecompetitionforlimitedfeedingareasandfortheoccupancyofareasfreefrommeat-eatinganimals.Thosewhofailinthiscompetitionstarvetodeathorbecomevictimstootherspecies.Thisstruggleforexistencedoesnotresemblehumanwar,butratherthecompetitionofindividualsforjobs,markets,andmaterials.Theessenceofthestruggleisthecompetitionforthenecessitiesoflifethatareinsufficienttosatisfyall.

Amongnationsthereiscompetitionindevelopingresources,trades,skills,andasatisfactorywayoflife.Thesuccessfulnationsgrowandproduceeffortstoexpandterritoryattheexpenseofothers,andthusleadtoconflict.Itcannotbesaidthatwar-likeconflictamongnationsisinevitable,althoughcompetitionis.

1.Inthefirstparagraph,theauthorgivesthedefinitionsofsometerminorderto()

2.Accordingtotheauthor,competitiondiffersfromconflictinthat().

3.Thephrase“functioninthedisserviceofoneanother”mostprobablymeans()

4.Theauthorindicatesinthepassagethatconflict().

5.Thepassageisprobablyintendedtoanswerthequestion“()'

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.argueforthesimilaritiesbetweenanimalsocietiesandhumansocieties

B.smoothouttheconflictsinhumansocieties

C.distinguishbetweentwokindsofopposition

D.summarizethecharacteristicfeaturesofoppositionandcooperation

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.itresultsinwarinmostcases

B.itinduceseffortstoexpandterritory

C.itisakindofoppositionamongsocialentities

D.itisessentiallyastruggleforexistence

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.betrayeachother

B.harmoneanother

C.helptocollaboratewitheachother

D.benefitoneanother

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.isaninevitablestruggleresultingfromcompetition

B.reflectsthestruggleamongsocialanimals

C.isanoppositionamongindividualsocialentities

D.canbeavoided

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Whyisthereconflictandcompetition?

B.Isconflictdesirable?

C.Iswarinevitable?

D.Cancompetitionleadtoconflict?

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.根據(jù)題干定位至第一段。作者給出一些兩種對抗術(shù)語的定義是為了將兩種對抗加以區(qū)分。C項(xiàng)正確。

2.題干問的是競爭對比沖突的不同在于什么。定位至第二段:Manyauthorshavearguedfortheinevitabilityofwarfromthepremisethatinthestruggleforexistenceamonganimalspecies,onlythefittestsurvive.Ingeneral,however,thisstruggleinnatureiscompetition,notconflict(許多作家根據(jù)動(dòng)物世界為生存而進(jìn)行的斗爭中具有適者生存的規(guī)律這一點(diǎn),認(rèn)為戰(zhàn)爭是不可避免的。通常來講,這種斗爭從本質(zhì)上來說是競爭,而不是沖突)。據(jù)此可知,競爭不同于沖突是因?yàn)楦偁帍谋举|(zhì)上來說是為了生存。

3.根據(jù)題干定位至第一段:Conflictandcompetitionarebothcategoriesofopposition,whichhasbeendefinedasaprocessbywhichsocialentitiesfunctioninthedisserviceofoneanother.(沖突和競爭都是對立的范疇,被定義為社會(huì)實(shí)體互相傷害的過程)。因此,該短語為互相傷害。

4.文章最后指出:Itcannotbesaidthatwar-likeconflictamongnationsisinevitable,althoughcompetitionis(盡管競爭不可避免,卻不能認(rèn)為國家間類似于戰(zhàn)爭的沖突也是不可避免的)。據(jù)此可知,作者認(rèn)為沖突是可以避免的,D項(xiàng)正確。

5.文章開篇點(diǎn)明主題:Thequestionofwhetherwarisinevitableisonewhichhasconcernedmanyoftheworld’sgreatwriters(一個(gè)讓世界上許多偉大的作家憂心的問題是:戰(zhàn)爭是否不可避免)。后文從各方面論述了“戰(zhàn)爭是否不可避免”這個(gè)問題。

14.單選題

Itisnecessaryforthevaluablespeciesto()itselfinordertostayinexistence.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.infer

B.propagate

C.inject

D.jerk

【答案】B

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析。句意:為了能夠使珍稀物種生存,必須進(jìn)行。infer推論;propagate繁殖;inject注射;jerk猛拉。因此,B項(xiàng)符合句意。

15.單選題

Somepracticalis()desirableforcandidatesinterestedinapplyingforthisjob.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.exploit

B.adventure

C.initiative

D.experience

【答案】D

【解析】名詞辨析。句意:對于有興趣申請這份工作的候選人來說,一些實(shí)用

是可取的。exploit功績,功勛;adventure冒險(xiǎn);initiative主動(dòng)權(quán),首創(chuàng)精神;experience經(jīng)驗(yàn)。因此,D項(xiàng)符合句意。

16.單選題

Johnwasnotselected();hewaschosenforthejobbecausehehadthemostexperience.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.deliberately

B.alternatively

C.momentously

D.arbitrarily

【答案】D

【解析】副詞辨析。句意:John并不是被()選擇的;他被選來承擔(dān)這份工作是因?yàn)樗麚碛械墓ぷ鹘?jīng)驗(yàn)最豐富。

deliberately故意地,謹(jǐn)慎地,慎重地;alternatively非此即彼,二者擇一地;momentously重大地;arbitrarily隨意地,武斷地。D選項(xiàng)“隨意地”符合句意。

17.單選題

Lymediseaseiscausedbybacteriathatare()bydeertick.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.emitted

B.transmitted

C.communicated

D.distributed

【答案】B

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析。B選項(xiàng)transmitted意為“傳播,傳染(疾?。?。句意:萊姆病是一種由鹿蜱傳播的細(xì)菌所()的疾病。A選項(xiàng)emitted發(fā)出,發(fā)射;B選項(xiàng)transmitted傳播,傳染(疾?。籆選項(xiàng)communicated傳達(dá),表達(dá);D選項(xiàng)distributed分配,散布。B選項(xiàng)transmitted符合句意

18.單選題

Enthusiastsfromaroundtheworld()onLeMansfortheannualcarrace.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.coverage

B.idiot

C.consume

D.converge

【答案】D

【解析】句意:來自世界各地的狂熱分子,因?yàn)槟甓荣愜嚤荣悾ǎ├彰?。coverage范圍,規(guī)模;idiot白癡;consume消耗,揮霍;converge集合,匯聚。因此,D項(xiàng)符合句意。

19.單選題

Hefoundhisnewacquaintancetobe():tryingtounderstandherpersonalitywaslike

peeringintoanunknowndimension.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.cosmopolitan

B.imperturbable

C.inscrutable

D.puerile

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞辨析。句意:他發(fā)現(xiàn)他新結(jié)識的朋友

,嘗試了解她的性格就如同窺探未知的領(lǐng)域。

cosmopolitan世界性的;世界主義的,四海一家的;imperturbable冷靜的;泰然自若的;inscrutable神秘的;不可理解的;不能預(yù)測的;不可思議的;puerile幼稚的;孩子氣的;未成熟的;天真的。因此,C項(xiàng)符合句意。

20.單選題

ThecompanythatJoanworksforis()withanautomotivecompany,soshecangetadis-countonanewcar.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.correlated

B.parallel

C.affiliated

D.accounted

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞辨析。句意:Joan工作的公司()一家汽車公司,所以她買新車有折扣。

correlated有相互關(guān)系的;parallel平行的;affiliated附屬的,有關(guān)的;accounted記賬的;報(bào)告的。此處“beaffiliatedwith”為固定搭配,意思是“隸屬于”,A項(xiàng)“有相互關(guān)系的”說得太模糊,看到C項(xiàng)是可以確定是隸屬關(guān)系,公司員工才能拿到折扣,故選C。

21.單選題

Racket,dinclamor,noise,whateveryouwanttocallit,unwantedsoundisAmerica’smostwidespreadnuisance.Butnoiseismorethanjustanuisance.Itconstitutesarealandpresentdangertopeople’shealth.Dayandnight,athome,atwork,andatplay,noisecanproduceseriousphysicalandpsychologicalstress.Nooneisimmunetothisstress.Thoughweseemtoadjusttonoisebyignoringit,theear,infact,neverclosesandthebodystillresponds——sometimeswithextremetension,astoastrangesoundinthenight.

Theannoyancewefeelwhenfacedwithnoiseisthemostcommonoutwardsymptomofthestressbuildingupinsideus.Indeed,becauseirritabilityissoapparent,legislatorshavemadepublicannoy-ancethebasisofmanynoiseabatementprograms.Themoresubtleandmoreserioushealthhazardsassociatedwithstresscausedbynoisetraditionallyhavebeengivenmuchlessattention.Nevertheless,whenweareannoyedormadeirritablebynoise,weshouldconsiderthesesymptomsfairwarningthatotherthingmaybehappeningtous,someofwhichmaybedamagingtoourhealth.Ofmanyhealthhazardstonoise,hearinglossisthemostclearlyobservableandmeasurablebyhealthprofessionals.Theotherhazardsarehardertopindown.Formanyofus,theremaybeariskthatexposuretothestressofnoiseincreasessusceptibilitytodiseaseandinfection.Themoresusceptibleamongusmayexperiencenoiseasacomplicatingfactorinheartproblemsandotherdiseases.Noisethatcausesan-noyanceandirritabilityinhealthpersonsmayhaveseriousconsequencesforthesealreadyillinmindorbody.

Noiseaffectsusthroughoutourlives.Forexample,thereareindicationsofeffectsontheunbornchildwhenmothersareexposedtoindustrialandenvironmentalnoise.Duringinfancyandchildhood,youngstersexposedtohighnoiselevelsmayhavetroublefallingasleepandobtainingnecessarya-mountsofrest.

Why,then,istherenotgreateralarmaboutthesedangers?Perhapsitisbecausethelinkbe-tweennoiseandmanydisabilitiesordiseaseshasnotyetbeenconclusivelydemonstrated.Perhapsitisbecausewetendtodismissannoyanceasapricetopayforlivinginthemodernworld.Itmayalsobebecausewestillthinkofhearinglossasonlyanoccupationalhazard.

1.InParagraph1,thephrase“immuneto”isusedtomean().

2.Theauthor’sattitudetowardnoisewouldbestbedescribedas().

3.Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthemainideaofthepassage?

4.Theauthorcondemnsnoiseessentiallybecauseit().

5.Theauthorwouldprobablyconsiderresearchabouttheeffectsnoisehasonpeopletobe().

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.unaffectedby

B.hurtby

C.unlikelytobeseenby

D.unknownby

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.unrealistic

B.traditional

C.concerned

D.hysterical

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Noiseisamajorproblem;mostpeoplerecognizeitsimportance.

B.Althoughnoisecanbeannoying,itisnotamajorproblem.

C.Noiseisamajorproblemandhasnotyetbeenrecognizedassuch.

D.Noiseisamajorproblemaboutwhichnothingcanbedone.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.isagainstthelaw

B.canmakesomepeopleirritable

C.isanuisance

D.isadangertopeople’shealth

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.unimportant

B.impossible

C.awasteofmoney

D.essential

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.根據(jù)“immuneto”定位至其后面一句:Thoughweseemtoadjusttonoisebyignoringit,theear,infact,neverclosesandthebodystillresponds(盡管我們似乎通過忽視噪音來適應(yīng)噪音,但實(shí)際上,耳朵永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)關(guān)閉,身體仍然會(huì)做出反應(yīng)),由此推斷我們不可能不受噪音的影響,選項(xiàng)A"unaffectedby”表示“不受影響”。

2.文章最后一段提出:為什么人們沒有對噪音問題更為警醒,并且后面給出了若干猜測的理由,都指出了人們對噪音問題不夠重視,說明作者十分關(guān)注噪音對人類的健康產(chǎn)生的影響,因此C項(xiàng)正確。

3.文章第一段和最后一段的大意為:噪音已經(jīng)成為一個(gè)普遍的問題,但是人們并沒有重視噪音對人體健康產(chǎn)生的危害。選項(xiàng)C表示“噪音是一個(gè)主流問題,但并沒有被充分意識到”符合題意。

4.文章指出:噪音會(huì)對人體的身心健康產(chǎn)生危害,并且圍繞這一點(diǎn)展開,因此D選項(xiàng)“對人們的健康是一種威脅”符合題意。

5.最后一段指出:人們對噪音對健康的危害不夠重視,并且噪音和疾病以及殘疾之間的關(guān)系并沒有得到證實(shí),由此推斷,作者認(rèn)為對噪音的研究是有必要的,可以以此喚醒人們對此的注意,故選項(xiàng)Dessential“有必要的”符合題意。

22.單選題

AcenturyagointheUnitedStates,whenanindividualbroughtsuitagainstacompany,publicopiniontendedtoprotectthatcompany.Butperhapsthisphenomenonwasmoststrikinginthecaseoftherailroads.Nearlyhalfofallnegligencecasesdecidedthrough1896involvedrailroads.Andtherailroadsusuallywon.

Mostofthecasesweredecidedinstatecourts,whentherailroadshadtheclimateofthetimesontheirsides.Governmentsupportedtherailroadindustry;theprogressrailroadsrepresentedwasnottobesloweddownbyrequiringthemoftentopaydamagestothoseunluckyenoughtobehurtworkingforthem.

Courtdecisionsalwayswentagainstrailroadworkers.Mr.Farwell,anengineer,losthisrighthandwhenaswitchman’snegligenceranhisengineoffthetrack.ThecourtreasonedthatsinceFarwellhadtakenthejobofanengineervolun

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