2022年考研考博-考博英語-北京航空航天大學考試名師押題精選卷I(帶答案詳解)試卷號89_第1頁
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住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-北京航空航天大學考試名師押題精選卷I(帶答案詳解)(圖片可根據(jù)實際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.寫作題

Haveyoueverattemptedtoquestionacademicauthorityinyourlearningandresearchprocess?Whatdoyouthinkaretheappropriateattitudestowardsacademicauthority?Writeanessayofnolessthan150wordstoexplainyouropinionsonthisissue.

【答案】ACriticalAttitudeTowardsAcademicAuthority2.單選題

Thosepersonswhosereligious()heavilyreliedonrituals,suchasinfantbap-

tism,weremorelikelytosupporttheDemocrats.

問題1選項

A.confession

B.condemnation

C.establishment

D.acknowledgement

【答案】A

【解析】名詞辨析。句意:那些宗教()極為依賴諸如嬰兒洗禮等儀式的人更可能支持民主黨。A選項confession懺悔,承認;B選項condemnation譴責,定罪;C選項establishment建立;D選項acknowledgement承認,確認。A選項confession符合句意。

3.單選題

Aslongasnationscannotthemselvesaccumulateenoughphysicalpowertodominateallothers,theymustdependon().

問題1選項

A.allies

B.resources

C.freedom

D.education

【答案】A

【解析】名詞辨析。句意:只要國家本身不能積蓄足夠的力量來支配其他的人,他們就必須依賴于()。

allies同盟國;resources資源,物力;freedom自由,自主;education教育。選項A“同盟國”符合句意。

4.單選題

We()afigureofamanclingingtothemastoftheship.

問題1選項

A.discerned

B.dispatched

C.dissipated

D.diminished

【答案】A

【解析】動詞辨析。句意:我們()那個倚靠在船桅桿的人。discerned認出,識別;dispatched派遣,分派;dissipated驅散,放蕩;diminished減少,縮小。因此,A項符合句意。

5.單選題

Ifanymanheredoesnotagreewithme,heshould()hisownplanforimproving

thelivingconditionsofthesepeople.

問題1選項

A.puton

B.putout

C.putin

D.putforward

【答案】D

【解析】短語辨析。句意:如果這里有人不同意我的意見,他應該提出自己的計劃來改善這些人的生活條件。

6.單選題

Superficialdifferencesbetweenthespecialproblemsandtechniquesofthephysicalsciencesandthoseofthebiologicalsciencesaresometimescitedasevidenceforthe()ofbiologyandfortheclaimthatthemethodsofphysicsarethereforenotadequatetobiologicalinquiry.

問題1選項

A.autonomy

B.vitality

C.purposefulness

D.obsolescence

【答案】A

【解析】名詞辨析。句意:自然科學和生物科學的特殊問題和技術之間的表面差異有時會被用來證明生物學的(),并且用來說明自然科學的方法對生物科學的探究是不夠的。

autonomy自治,自治權;vitality活力,生氣,生命力;purposefulness目的性;意志堅強;obsolescence退化,荒廢。A選項表示將兩門學科之間的一些淺顯區(qū)別用于證明生物學是獨立的,符合題意。

7.單選題

ThereismuchIenjoyaboutthechangingseasons,butmyfavoritetimeisthe()fromfalltowinter.

問題1選項

A.transmission

B.transformation

C.transition

D.transfer

【答案】C

【解析】名詞辨析。句意:我很喜歡季節(jié)變更,但是我最喜歡的時間是秋冬的。transmission傳遞;transformation變形,轉化;transition轉變,過渡時期;transfer遷移、傳遞。因此,C項符合句意。

8.單選題

Arecentsurveyshowsthat,whileninety-fourpercentofcompaniesconductingmanagement-train-ingprogramsopenthemtowomen,womenare()onlyseventy-fourpercentofthosepro-grams.

問題1選項

A.protestingagainst

B.participatingin

C.displeasedby

D.allowedin

【答案】B

【解析】短語辨析。句意:最近的調(diào)查顯示,盡管有94%的公司向婦女開放管理培訓課程,婦女在這項目中也只有74%的()。

protestingagainst抗議;participatingin參與;displeasedby不開心;allowedin被允許。選項B符合句意。

9.單選題

ThenewtechnologicalrevolutioninAmericannewspapershasbroughtincreased(),awiderrangeofpublicationsandanexpansionofnewspaperjobs.

問題1選項

A.Circulation

B.reproduction

C.manipulation

D.penetration

【答案】A

【解析】句意:美國報紙的新技術革命帶來了()、覆蓋面拓寬和新聞工作的增加。A選項circulation發(fā)行量;B選項reproduction復制;生殖;C選項manipulation操縱,控制;D選項penetration滲透,A符合句意。

10.單選題

Vacationpoliciescontinuetobeasourceof()betweenmanagementandtheworkers.

問題1選項

A.disturbance

B.resistance

C.contraction

D.friction

【答案】D

【解析】名詞辨析。句意:休閑度假政策仍然是管理層和工人之間()的根源。

disturbance干擾,騷亂;resistance阻力,電阻,抵抗;contraction收縮,緊縮;friction

摩擦。D選項符合句意。

11.單選題

Thedevelopmentofthesegenetechnologiesmaybefarinthefuture,but()themoralandsocialissuesraisedbythemshouldbediscussed,foronceatechnologyhasbeeninvented,itmaybedifficulttostoporcontrol.

問題1選項

A.presently

B.summarily

C.seriously

D.hesitantly

【答案】A

【解析】副詞辨析。句意:這些基因技術可能在未來會有很大的發(fā)展,但是應該討論的是道德和社會問題。因為一旦發(fā)明了這種技術,就很難停止或控制。presently目前;summarily即刻地;seriously嚴肅地;hesitantly遲疑地。因此,A項符合句意。

12.單選題

Theirviewthatwomenarethenatural()ofmoralityisnotmyview.

問題1選項

A.guardians

B.guards

C.guides

D.soldiers

【答案】A

【解析】名詞辨析。句意:他們認為,女人是道德的天然,但我不認同。guardians守護者、保護人;guards守衛(wèi)、后衛(wèi)、護衛(wèi)隊、禁衛(wèi)軍;guides引導、向導;soldiers軍人。故選A。

13.單選題

Havinghadherasaprofessorandadviser,Icantellyouthatsheisan()forcewhopushesherstudentstoexcelfarbeyondtheirownexpectations.

問題1選項

A.inspirational

B.educational

C.excessive

D.instantaneous

【答案】A

【解析】形容詞辨析。inspirational鼓舞人心的;educational教育的;excessive過度的;instantaneous即刻的。句意是:由于她是我的教授兼指導老師,不妨告訴你,她具有一種(

)力量,激發(fā)著她的學生超越自我的期望。因此,A選項符合句意。

14.單選題

ThereismuchIenjoyaboutthechangingseasons,butmyfavoritetimeisthe()fromfalltowinter.

問題1選項

A.transition

B.transmission

C.transformation

D.transfer

【答案】A

【解析】名詞辨析。transition轉變,過渡,變遷;transmission傳播;transformation變化,轉換;transfer轉移。句意是:我很喜歡四季的交替,但我最喜歡秋到冬的()。因此,A選項transition符合句意。

15.單選題

IthinkKimwouldbegreatforthejob.Herworkrecordis().

問題1選項

A.impeccable

B.enriched

C.rudimentary

D.tarnished

【答案】A

【解析】形容詞辨析。句意:我認為Kim可以勝任這份工作。她的工作記錄是()。

impeccable無瑕疵的,沒有缺點的;enriched濃縮的,強化的;rudimentary基本的,殘遺的

未發(fā)展的;tarnished生銹的,有污點的。選項A符合句意。

16.單選題

Accordingtogovernmentstatistics,menofallsocialclassesinBritainvisitpubsquiteregularly,(1)thekindofpubtheygotomaybedifferentandtheirreasonsforgoingthere(2)too.Nowadaystheyoftentaketheirwivesorgirl-friends,which(3)tobethecase.ThefactisthatthetypicalEnglishpubischanging,partly(4)thelicensinglawsnotbeingsostrictasthey(5),butalsobecausepublicansaretryingto(6)awaywiththeoldVictorian(7)ofthepuband(8)providecoupleswithanatmospherewheretheycanbothenjoythemselves.Pubusednottoopen(9)atcertaintimes.Theresultwasthattheywereusually(10)withmenwhoseemedtobedrinkingasmuchaspossibleinthetime(11)Butthatkindofpubisrapidlybecomingathingofthepast.

Curiouslyenough,theoldBritishlicensinglaws,whichforeignersfoundsoobjectionableandab-surd,were(12)introducedasa(13)measuretostopworkersdrinkingintheFirstWorldWar.(14),thestrongPuritanical(15)inParliamenttook(16)o£thelawand(17)it.

Openinghoursare(18)limitedtoeighthoursaday,butthepublicancannowchoosewhichhours(19)himbest.Andthesedaysyoucanevengetacupofcoffeeifyouprefer(20)beer.ButinspiteofthisthePuritanswouldneverdreamofadmittingthatapubcouldbecomearepeatableplace.

問題1選項

A.and

B.though

C.when

D.as

問題2選項

A.disagree

B.diverge

C.vary

D.deviate

問題3選項

A.usednot

B.notused

C.used

D.isused

問題4選項

A.because

B.becauseof

C.for

D.inthat

問題5選項

A.were

B.are

C.used

D.hadbeen

問題6選項

A.take

B.do

C.keep

D.go

問題7選項

A.sight

B.image

C.appearance

D.perception

問題8選項

A.then

B.instead

C.further

D.still

問題9選項

A.except

B.exceptfor

C.only

D.onlyfor

問題10選項

A.covered

B.crowded

C.full

D.plenty

問題11選項

A.available

B.proper

C.probable

D.accessible

問題12選項

A.ordinarily

B.generally

C.originally

D.formerly

問題13選項

A.perpetual

B.temporary

C.uniform

D.temperate

問題14選項

A.Nevertheless

B.However

C.Afterwards

D.Furthermore

問題15選項

A.factor

B.element

C.component

D.atom

問題16選項

A.advantage

B.profit

C.use

D.charge

問題17選項

A.retained

B.contained

C.maintained

D.protected

問題18選項

A.even

B.just

C.but

D.still

問題19選項

A.suit

B.match

C.meet

D.agree

問題20選項

A.against

B.for

C.with

D.to

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:A

第6題:B

第7題:B

第8題:B

第9題:A

第10題:B

第11題:A

第12題:C

第13題:B

第14題:C

第15題:B

第16題:A

第17題:A

第18題:D

第19題:A

第20題:D

【解析】1.邏輯推理。句意:據(jù)英國政府統(tǒng)計,所有社會階級的人都會頻繁光顧酒吧,他們選擇的酒吧

類型可能不同。空格前后句子為讓步關系。故B項正確。

2.詞義辨析。句意:盡管他們選擇的酒吧類型可能不同,去的理由也。disagree不同意;diverge偏離;vary不同;deviate脫離,出軌。And為并列連詞,因此,空格處應表達跟different相似的含義。故選C。

3.語法分析。句子想表達的是:與以往情況不同,他們現(xiàn)在經(jīng)常帶著他們的妻子和女朋友去酒吧。因此,空格處應為否定,排除C,D項。A項usednot后面接tobethecase表示“過去不是這樣”,符合句意且語法正確。

4.語法分析。句意:事實是典型的英國酒吧正在改變,部分原因是特許經(jīng)營法不如之前那么嚴格。

C、D項后面應接完整的從句,而空后為動詞ing形式,故選B。

5.語法分析。句意:特許經(jīng)營法不如之前那么嚴格。因此此處應為一般過去時,而主語是“they”,因此A項“were”正確。

6.詞義辨析。句意:同時也因為酒店老板想要舊維多利亞時代酒吧的形象。doawaywith廢除;takeaway帶走,擺脫;keepaway使離開;goawaywith私奔。故B項符合句意。

7.詞義辨析。句意:想要擺脫舊式維多利亞時代的酒吧。sight視力;image形象;appearance外貌;perception知覺。故B項符合句意。

8.邏輯推理。句意:想要擺脫舊式維多利亞時代的酒吧形象,為伴侶提供一個雙方都能玩得開心的環(huán)境。前后并無遞進關系。B項instead表示“取而代之的是”,符合句意。

9.詞義辨析。句意:除了在特定時間段,其他時間酒吧均不開門。except除了;exceptfor除了……以外;only只有;onlyfor要是沒有。B和D選項中都有介詞for,后面應接名詞或動名詞,因此排除,C項only不符合句意。故選A。

10.詞義辨析。句意:結果是酒吧里經(jīng)常人,人們總是在酒館開門的時間內(nèi)盡情暢飲。Becrowdedwith搭配表示“擠滿”。而C,D項也表示“擠滿的”,但它們與介詞“of”搭配。故選B。

11.詞義辨析。句意:在的時間內(nèi)盡情暢飲。available可利用的,可獲得的;proper適合的;probable可能的;accessible可進入的。D選項為干擾項,而D項后面接名詞時要接介詞to。故選A。

12.詞義辨析??崭袼诰渲v述了英國營業(yè)執(zhí)照法律的歷史以及后來情況。因此,C項originally“最初”正確。

13.詞義辨析。句意:一戰(zhàn)期間引進的法律,只是的措施以阻止工人飲酒。perpetual永遠的;temporary暫時的;uniform始終如一的;temperate溫和的。因此,B項符合句意。

54.邏輯推理。句意:,強大的清教徒……。Nevertheless然而;However然而;Afterwards后來;Furthermore此外??崭窈蟊硎竞髞戆l(fā)生的事情,故選C。

55.詞義辨析。factor因素;element社會的某一集團,組成集團的個體;component組成部分;atom原子??崭裉幹盖褰掏絼萘Γ蔬xB。

56.固定搭配。句意:國會中的清教徒勢力利用這一法律。Takeadvantageof為固定搭配,表示“利用”。

57.詞義辨析。句意:國會中的清教徒勢力利用這一法律,使得這一條款保留了下來。retained保留;contained包含;maintained維修;protected保護。故選A。

58.邏輯推理。句意:開業(yè)時間仍然限定在八個小時。even甚至;just只是;but但是;still仍然。故選D。

59.詞義辨析。句意為“但是現(xiàn)在酒店老板可以選擇最自己的時間段。suit適合;match與……相配;meet遇見;agree同意。因此,A項符合句意。

60.固定搭配。prefersth.tosth.為固定搭配,表示比起后者,更喜歡前者。

17.單選題

Forsometimepastithasbeenwidelyacceptedthatbabies—andothercreatures—learntodothingsbecausecertainactsleadto“rewards”;andthereisnoreasontodoubtthatthisistrue.Butitusedalsotobewidelybelievedthateffectiverewards,atleastintheearlystages,hadtobedirectlyrelatedtosuchbasicphysiological“drives”asthirstorhunger.Inotherwords,ababywouldlearnifhegotfoodordrinkorsomesortofphysicalcomfort,nototherwise.

Itisnowclearthatthisisnotso.Babieswilllearntobehaveinwaysthatproducere-sultsintheworldwithnorewardexceptthesuccessfuloutcome.Papousekbeganhisstudiesbyusingmilkinthenormalwayto“reward”thebabiesandsoteachthemtocarryoutsomesimplemovements,suchasturningtheheadtoonesideortheother.Thenhenoticedthatababywhohadenoughtodrinkwouldrefusethemilkbutwouldstillgoonmakingthelearnedresponsewithclearsignsofpleasure.Sohebegantostudythechildren’sresponseinsituationwherenomilkwasprovided.Hequicklyfoundthatchildrenasyoungasfourmonthswouldlearntoturntheirheadstorightorleftifthemovement“switchedon”adisplayoflights一andindeedthattheywerecapableoflearningquitecomplexturnstobringaboutthisresult,forinstance,twoleftortworight,oreventomakeasmanyasthreeturnstooneside.

Papousek’slightdisplaywasplaceddirectlyinfrontofthebabiesandhemadethein-terestingobservationthatsometimestheywouldnotturnbacktowatchthelightscloselyalthoughtheywould“smileandbubble”whenthedisplaycameon.Papousekconcludedthatitwasnotprimarilythesightoflightswhichpleasedthem,itwasthesuccessthattheywereachievinginsolvingtheproblem,inmasteringtheskill,andthatthereexistsafundamentalhumanurgetomakesenseoftheworldandbringitunderintentionalcontrol.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,babieslearntodothingswhich().

2.Papouseknoticedinhisstudiesthatababy().

3.InPapousek’sexperimentbabiesmadelearnedmovementsoftheheadinorderto()

4.Thebabieswould“smileandbubble”atthelightsbecause.().

5.AccordingtoPapousek,thepleasurebabiesgetinachievingsomethingisareflec-tionof().

問題1選項

A.aredirectlyrelatedtopleasure

B.willmeettheirphysicalneeds

C.willbringthemafeelingofsuccess

D.willsatisfytheircuriosity

問題2選項

A.wouldmakelearnedresponsewhenitsawthemilk

B.wouldcarryoutlearnedmovementswhenithadenoughtodrink

C.wouldcontinuethesimplemovementswithoutbeinggivenmilk

D.wouldturnitsheadtorightorleftwhenithadenoughtodrink

問題3選項

A.havethelightsturnedon

B.berewardedwithmilk

C.pleasetheirparents

D.bepraised

問題4選項

A.thelightsweredirectlyrelatedtosomebasic“drives”

B.thesightofthelightswasinteresting

C.theyneednotturnbacktowatchthelights

D.theysucceededin“switchingon”thelights

問題5選項

A.abasichumandesiretounderstandandcontroltheworld

B.thesatisfactionofcertainphysiologicalneeds

C.theirstrongdesiretosolvecomplexproblem

D.afundamentalhumanurgetodisplaytheirlearnedskills

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.文章第二段指出:Babieswilllearntobehaveinwaysthatproduceresultsintheworldwithnorewardexceptthesuccessfuloutcome.嬰兒學會做某些動作,是因為這些動作在周圍世界能產(chǎn)生成功結果,除此之外,并無其他獎勵。據(jù)此可知,嬰兒能學會做那些會給他們帶來成功的感覺的事情,C項正確。

2.根據(jù)題干關鍵詞“Papousek,studies”定位至第三段:Thenhenoticedthatababywhohadenoughtodrinkwouldrefusethemilkbutwouldstillgoonmakingthelearnedresponsewithclearsignsofpleasure(有足夠牛奶喝的嬰兒盡管會拒絕牛奶,但仍會愉快地繼續(xù)做學會的動作)。因此,沒有得到牛奶的嬰兒會繼續(xù)做簡單的動作,C項正確。

3.根據(jù)題干定位至第三段:Hequicklyfoundthatchildrenasyoungasfourmonthswouldlearntoturntheirheadstorightorleftifthemovement“switchedon”adisplayoflights(普塞克很快發(fā)現(xiàn),如果他們的動作能“打開”燈,四個月大的嬰兒也能學會左右轉頭)。因此,讓嬰兒轉頭是為了把燈打開,A項正確。

4.根據(jù)題干“smileandbubble”定位至第四段:theywouldnotturnbacktowatchthelightscloselyalthoughtheywould“smileandbubble”whenthedisplaycameon.Papousekconcludedthatitwasnotprimarilythesightoflightswhichpleasedthem,itwasthesuccessthat...bringitunderintentionalcontrol(當打開光源時,嬰兒們盡管會“咯咯笑著吐泡泡”,但他們有時不會轉過頭來緊盯燈光。普塞克推斷,讓嬰兒們感到愉悅的主要原因,并不是燈光,而是解決問題、掌握技巧獲得的成就感,是人類具有認識世界和有意識控制世界的基本欲望)。據(jù)此可知,嬰兒會笑是因為他們成功地打開了燈,D項正確。

5.根據(jù)題干定位至第四段:Papousekconcludedthatitwasnotprimarilythesightoflightswhichpleasedthem,itwasthesuccessthattheywereachievinginsolvingtheproblem,inmasteringtheskill,andthatthereexistsafundamentalhumanurgetomakesenseoftheworldandbringitunderintentionalcontrol(普塞克推斷,讓嬰兒們感到愉悅的主要原因,不是燈光,而是解決問題、掌握技巧獲得的成就感,是人類具有認識世界和有意識控制世界的基本欲望)。據(jù)此可知,嬰兒從成功完成某件事中獲得的樂趣反映了人類想要了解和控制世界的基本欲望。

18.單選題

AcenturyagointheUnitedStates,whenanindividualbroughtsuitagainstacompany,publicopiniontendedtoprotectthatcompany.Butperhapsthisphenomenonwasmoststrikinginthecaseoftherailroads.Nearlyhalfofallnegligencecasesdecidedthrough1896involvedrailroads.Andtherailroadsusuallywon.

Mostofthecasesweredecidedinstatecourts,whentherailroadshadtheclimateofthetimesontheirsides.Governmentsupportedtherailroadindustry;theprogressrailroadsrepresentedwasnottobesloweddownbyrequiringthemoftentopaydamagestothoseunluckyenoughtobehurtworkingforthem.

Courtdecisionsalwayswentagainstrailroadworkers.Mr.Farwell,anengineer,losthisrighthandwhenaswitchman’snegligenceranhisengineoffthetrack.ThecourtreasonedthatsinceFarwellhadtakenthejobofanengineervoluntarilyatgoodpay,hehadacceptedtherisk.Thereforetheaccident,thoughavoidablehadtheswitchmenactedcarefully,wasa“pureaccident”.Ineffectarailroadcouldneverbeheldresponsibleforinjurytooneemployeecausedbythemistakeofanother.

InonecasewhereaPennsylvaniaRailroadworkerhadstartedafireatawarehouseandthefirehadspreadseveralblocks,causingwidespreaddamage,ajuryfoundthecompanyresponsibleforallthedamage.Butthecourtoverturnedthejury’sdecisionbecauseitarguedthattherailroad’snegligencewastheimmediatecauseofdamageonlytothenearestbuildings.Beyondthemtheconnectionwastooremotetoconsider.

Asthecenturyworeon,publicsentimentbegantoturnagainsttherailroads—againsttheireconomicandpoliticalpowerandhighfaresaswellasagainsttheircallousness(無情)towardindividuals.

1.Whatdoestheword“negligence”meaninthepassage?

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueinFarwell’scase?

3.Whatmusthavehappenedafterthefirecasewassettledincourt?

4.ThefollowingarousedpublicresentmentEXCEPT().

5.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

問題1選項

A.ignorance

B.arrogance

C.carelessness

D.depression

問題2選項

A.Farwellwouldnothavebeeninjurediftheswitchmanhadbeenmorecareful.

B.Thecourtarguedthatthevictimhadacceptedtherisksincehehadwillinglytakenhisjob.

C.Thecourtdecidedthattherailroadshouldnotbeheldresponsible.

D.Farwellwasinjuredbecausehenegligentlyranhisengineoffthetrack.

問題3選項

A.Therailroadcompensatedforthedamagetotheimmediatebuildings.

B.Therailroadcompensatedforallthedamagebythefire.

C.Therailroadpaidnothingforthedamagedbuilding.

D.Therailroadworkerpaidforthepropertydamagehimself.

問題4選項

A.politicalpower

B.highfares

C.economicloss

D.indifference

問題5選項

A.RailroadoppressingindividualsintheUS.

B.HistoryoftheUSrailroads.

C.Railroadworkers’workingrights.

D.Lawcasesconcerningtherailroads.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.根據(jù)題干“negligence”定位至第三段:Mr.Farwell,anengineer,losthisrighthandwhenaswitchman’snegligenceranhisengineoffthetrack(法威爾先生是鐵路公司的一名工程師,由于一名扳道工因negligence而導致機車脫離軌道,法威爾失去了右手)。由此推測negligence意為疏忽,過失。ignorance無知,愚昧,arrogance傲慢,carelessness粗心,疏忽,depression沮喪;經(jīng)濟大蕭條。據(jù)此可知,C項正確。

2.文章第三段指明是一位扳道工由于疏忽而導致機車脫離軌道,法威爾失去了右手,而非法威爾本人。D項的說法錯誤。

3.題干問的是法院對火災案的判決結果。第四段指出:ajuryfoundthecompanyresponsibleforallthedamage.Butthecourtoverturned...Beyondthemtheconnectionwastooremotetoconsider(陪審團裁決鐵路公司負責全部損失,但法院推翻了陪審團的決定,認為鐵路公司的疏忽只是直接導致最鄰近的建筑物受到損失,因而只對此負責任,而離得較遠的房屋的損失則不在賠償范圍)。因此,鐵路公司只賠償最鄰近的建筑物受到的損失。

4.根據(jù)題干關鍵詞resentment定位至最后一段:Publicsentimentbegantoturnagainsttherailroads—againsttheireconomicandpoliticalpowerandhighfaresaswellasagainsttheircallousnesstowardindividuals(公眾輿論開始反對鐵路公司——反對他們在經(jīng)濟和政治上的權力、高票價以及他們對個人的冷漠無情。據(jù)此可知,C選項“經(jīng)濟損失”不包括在里面。

5.本文主要討論的是與鐵路公司有關的法律案件。

19.單選題

Unfortunately,hisdamagingattacksontheramificationsoftheeconomicpolicyhavebeen()byhiswholeheartedacceptanceofthatpolicy’sunderlyingassumptions.

問題1選項

A.supplemented

B.undermined

C.redeemed

D.diverted

【答案】B

【解析】動詞辨析。句意:不幸的是,他對這項政策基本假設的衷心接受

了他之前對其分支的猛烈抨擊。supplemented增補,補充;undermined破壞,削弱;redeemed救贖,贖回,彌補;di-verted呼叫轉移,釋放。選項B“破壞”符合句意。

20.單選題

Thedifferencesbetweenthemaleandfemaleofthisspeciesbecomemore()withage.

問題1選項

A.divisible

B.pronounced

C.dictated

D.assured

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞辨析。這一物種雄性和雌性之間的差異隨著年齡的增加變得越發(fā)()。

divisible可分的,可分割的;pronounced顯著的,斷然的,講出來的;dictated口述的;assured確定的,自信的。此題中與“差異”搭配的形容詞,只有選項B“顯著的”符合句意。

21.單選題

Hundredsoflocalresidentssigneda()againstclosingtheswimming-pool.

問題1選項

A.petition

B.perceive

C.partition

D.participation

【答案】A

【解析】名詞辨析。句意:數(shù)百名當?shù)鼐用窈炇鹆艘环莘磳﹃P閉游泳池的請愿書。因此選A。

22.單選題

Theunpleasanttasteofthemedicineprescribedbyafamousdoctor()inhis

mouthforhours.

問題1選項

A.rests

B.waited

C.prolonged

D.lingered

【答案】D

【解析】動詞辨析。rests休息;waited等待;prolonged延長;lingered逗留。句意:那位名醫(yī)開的藥的討厭味道在他嘴里()了好幾個小時。因此D選項符合句意。

23.單選題

Hisideasareinvariablycondemnedas()byhiscolleagues.

問題1選項

A.imaginative

B.ingenious

C.impractical

D.theoretical

【答案】C

【解析】句意:他的想法總是被同事們認為()。condemn意為“譴責,反對”,表明其后的形容詞應為貶義詞。A選項imaginative想象的,虛構的;B選項ingenious聰明的,精巧的;C選項impractical不切實際的,不實用的;D選項theoretical理論上的。C選項impractical符合句意和邏輯。

24.單選題

Inrecentyears,teachersofintroductorycoursesinAsianAmericanstudieshavebeenfacingadilemmanonexistentafewdecadesago,whenhardlyanytextsinthatfieldwereavailable.Today,excellentanthologies(文選)andotherintroductorytextsexist,andbooksonindividualAsianAmeri-cansarepublishedalmostweekly.Evenprofessorswhoareexpertsinthefieldfinditdifficulttode-cidewhichofthesetoassigntostudents;non-expertswhoteachinrelatedareasandarelookingforwritingsforandbyAsianAmericantoincludeinsurveycoursesareinanevenworseposition.

Acomplicatingfactorhasbeenthecontinuinglackofspecializedone-volumereferenceworksonAsianAmericans,suchasbiographicaldictionariesordesktopencyclopedias.Suchworkswouldena-blestudentstakingAsianAmericanstudiescourses(andprofessorsinrelatedfields)tolookupbasicinformationonAsianAmericanindividuals,institutions,history,andculturewithouthavingtowadethrough(費力地閱讀冗長或艱深的材料)mountainsofprimarysourcematerial.Inaddition,given

suchworks,AsianAmericanstudiesprofessorsmightfeelmorefreetoincludemorechallengingAsianAmericanmaterialintheirintroductoryreadinglists,sincegoodreferenceworksallowstudentstoac-quireontheirownthebackgroundinformationnecessarytointerpretdifficultorunfamiliarmaterial.

1.Theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith().

2.The“dilemma”(Line2,Para.1)canbestbecharacterizedasbeingcausedbythenecessitytomakeachoicewhenfacedwitha()

3.Biographicaldictionariesanddesktopencyclopediasare().

4.WhichofthefollowingisimpliedabouttheintroductorycoursesinAsianAmericanstudiesafewdecadesago?

5.Accordingtothepassage,theexistenceofgoodone-volumereferenceworksaboutAsianAmeri-canscouldresultin()

問題1選項

A.respondingtoacriticism

B.describingacourseofstudy

C.discussingaproblem

D.evaluatingapastcourseofaction

問題2選項

A.lackofacceptablealternatives

B.lackofstrictstandardsforevaluatingalternatives

C.preponderanceofbadalternativesascomparedtogood

D.multitudeofdifferentalternatives

問題3選項

A.primarysourcematerials

B.introductorytexts

C.excellentanthologies

D.referencematerials

問題4選項

A.Therangeofdifferenttextbooksthatcouldbeassignedforsuchwasextremelylimited.

B.Thetextsassignedasreadingsinsuchcourseswereoftennotverychallengingforstudents.

C.Studentsoftencomplainedaboutthetextsassignedtothem,insuchcourses.

D.Suchcourseswereofferedonlyatschoolswhoselibrarieswererichinprimarysources.

問題5選項

A.increasedagreementamongprofessorsofAsianAmericanstudiesregardingthequalityofthesourcesavailableintheirfield

B.anincreaseinthenumberofstudentssighingupforintroductorycoursesinAsianAmericanstudies

C.increasedaccuracyinwritingsthatconcernAsianAmericanhistoryandculture

D.theinclusionofawiderrangeofAsianAmericanmaterialinintroductoryreadinglistsinAsi-anAmericanstudies

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.主旨題。本文主要講述了亞美研究中教授基礎課程的老師一直面臨著不知道向學生推薦哪本教科書的困境。因此C項正確。

2.細節(jié)題。第一段指出:Evenprofessorswhoareexpertsinthefieldfinditdifficulttodecidewhichofthesetoassigntostudents(即使是這個領域的專家也很難推薦教科書),因此,D項“面臨多種選擇的困境”正確。

3.細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關鍵詞“Biographicaldictionariesanddesktopencyclopedias”定位至第二段:Acomplicatingfactorhasbeenthecontinuinglackofspecializedone-volumereferenceworksonAsianAmericans,suchasbiographicaldictionariesordesktopencyclopedias(一個復雜的原因是在亞裔美國人身上一直缺乏專門的一卷參考書,如傳記詞典或桌面百科全書)。因此,D項referencematerials(參考資料)正確。

4.細節(jié)題。第一段指出:Inrecentyears,teachersofintroductorycoursesinAsianAmericanstudieshavebeenfacingadilemmanonexistentafewdecadesago,whenhardlyanytextsinthatfieldwereavailable(近幾年來,亞美研究入門課程的教師們面臨著幾十年前不存在的兩難境地,當時幾乎沒有這方面的教材)。因此,A項“能用作教科書的資料極其有限”正確。

5.細節(jié)題。第二段指出:sincegoodreferenceworksallowstudentstoacquireontheirownthebackgroundinformationnecessarytointerpretdifficultorunfamiliarmaterial(因為好的參考資料可以讓學生獲得必要的背景信息并解讀難的不熟悉的資料)。因此D項“包含在更廣泛的亞美研究的閱讀書目中”正確。

25.單選題

Lymediseaseiscausedbybacteriathatare()bydeertick.

問題1選項

A.emitted

B.transmitted

C.communicated

D.distributed

【答案】B

【解析】動詞辨析。B選項transmitted意為“傳播,傳染(疾病)”。句意:萊姆病是一種由鹿蜱傳播的細菌所()的疾病。A選項emitted發(fā)出,發(fā)射;B選項transmitted傳播,傳染(疾?。?;C選項communicated傳達,表達;D選項distributed分配,散布。B選項transmitted符合句意

26.單選題

Recentresearchhasclaimedthatanexcessofpositiveionsintheaircanhaveanilleffectonpeople’sphysicalorpsychologicalhealth.Whatarepositiveions?Well,theairisfullofions,electri-callychargedparticles,andgenerallythereisaroughbalancebetweenthepositiveandthenegativecharged.Butsometimesthisbalancebecomesdisturbedandalargerproportionofpositiveionsarefound.Thishappensnaturallybeforethunderstorm,earthquakeswhenwindssuchastheMistral,HamsinorSharavareblowingincertaincountries.Oritcanbecausedbyabuild-upofstaticelec-tricityindoorsfromcarpetsorclothingmadeofman-madefibers,orfromTVsets,duplicatorsorcom-puterdisplayscreens.

Whenalargenumberofpositiveionsarepresent,intheairmanypeopleexperienceunpleasanteffectssuchasheadaches,fatigue,irritability,andsomeparticularlysensitivepeoplesuffernauseaorevenmentaldisturbance.Animalsarealsoaffected,particularlybeforeearthquakes,snakeshavebeenobservedtocomeoutofhibernation,ratstofleefromtheirburrows,dogshowlandcatsjumpabout

unaccountably.ThishasledtheU.S.GeographicalSurveytofundanetwork,ofvolunteerstowatchanimalsinanefforttoforeseesuchdisastersbeforetheyhitvulnerableareassuchasCalifornia.

Conversely,whenlargenumbersofnegativeionsarepresent,thenpeoplehaveafeelingofwell-being.Naturalconditionsthatproducetheselargeamountsarenearthesea,closetowaterfallsorfountains,orinanyplacewherewaterissprayed,orformsaspray.Thisprobablyaccountsforthebeneficialeffectofaholidaybythesea,orinthemountainswithtumblingstreamsorwaterfalls.

Toincreasethesupplyofnegativeionsindoors,somescientistsrecommendtheuseofionizers:smallportablemachines,whichgeneratenegativeions.Theyclaimthationizersnotonlycleanandrefreshtheairbutalsoimprovethehealthofpeoplesensitivetoexcesspositiveions.Ofcourse,therearethedetractors,otherscientists,whodismisssuchclaimsandareskepticalaboutnegative/posi-tiveionresearch.Thereforepeoplecanonlymakeuptheirownmindsbyobservingtheeffectson

themselves,oronothers,ofanegativerichorpoorenvironment.Afterallitisdebatablewhetherde-pendingonseismicreadingstoanticipateearthquakesismoreeffectivethanwatchingthecat.

1.Whateffectdoesexceedingpositiveionizationhaveonsomepeople?

2.Inaccordancewiththepassage,staticelectricitycanbecausedby().

3.Ahighnegativeioncountislikelytobefound().

4.Whatkindofmachinecangeneratenegativeionsindoors?

5.Accordingtothepassage,somescientistsbelievethat()

問題1選項

A.Theythinktheyareinsane.

B.Theybecomeratherbad-tempered.

C.Theybecomeviolentlysick.

D.Theyaretootiredtodoanything.

問題2選項

A.usinghome-madegoods

B.wearingclothesmadeofnaturalmaterials

C.walkingoncarpets

D.cleaningcomputerscreens

問題3選項

A.nearaparkinglot

B.closetoaslow-flowingriver

C.insomebarrenmountains

D.byarotatingwatersprinkl

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