2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-北京航空航天大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)98

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-北京航空航天大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Theprofessorgave（）instructionforcarryingouttheresearchproject.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.explicit

B.formidable

C.afflictive

D.dominant

【答案】A

【解析】形容詞辨析。句意：為了完成研究項(xiàng)目，教授給了簡(jiǎn)介。explicit詳盡的，詳述的；formidable可怕的，難以對(duì)付的；afflictive令人痛苦的，苦惱的；dominant支配的，顯性的。因此，A項(xiàng)符合句意。

2.單選題

Racket,dinclamor,noise,whateveryouwanttocallit,unwantedsoundisAmerica’smostwidespreadnuisance.Butnoiseismorethanjustanuisance.Itconstitutesarealandpresentdangertopeople’shealth.Dayandnight,athome,atwork,andatplay,noisecanproduceseriousphysicalandpsychologicalstress.Nooneisimmunetothisstress.Thoughweseemtoadjusttonoisebyignoringit,theear,infact,neverclosesandthebodystillresponds——sometimeswithextremetension,astoastrangesoundinthenight.

Theannoyancewefeelwhenfacedwithnoiseisthemostcommonoutwardsymptomofthestressbuildingupinsideus.Indeed,becauseirritabilityissoapparent,legislatorshavemadepublicannoy-ancethebasisofmanynoiseabatementprograms.Themoresubtleandmoreserioushealthhazardsassociatedwithstresscausedbynoisetraditionallyhavebeengivenmuchlessattention.Nevertheless,whenweareannoyedormadeirritablebynoise,weshouldconsiderthesesymptomsfairwarningthatotherthingmaybehappeningtous,someofwhichmaybedamagingtoourhealth.Ofmanyhealthhazardstonoise,hearinglossisthemostclearlyobservableandmeasurablebyhealthprofessionals.Theotherhazardsarehardertopindown.Formanyofus,theremaybeariskthatexposuretothestressofnoiseincreasessusceptibilitytodiseaseandinfection.Themoresusceptibleamongusmayexperiencenoiseasacomplicatingfactorinheartproblemsandotherdiseases.Noisethatcausesan-noyanceandirritabilityinhealthpersonsmayhaveseriousconsequencesforthesealreadyillinmindorbody.

Noiseaffectsusthroughoutourlives.Forexample,thereareindicationsofeffectsontheunbornchildwhenmothersareexposedtoindustrialandenvironmentalnoise.Duringinfancyandchildhood,youngstersexposedtohighnoiselevelsmayhavetroublefallingasleepandobtainingnecessarya-mountsofrest.

Why,then,istherenotgreateralarmaboutthesedangers?Perhapsitisbecausethelinkbe-tweennoiseandmanydisabilitiesordiseaseshasnotyetbeenconclusivelydemonstrated.Perhapsitisbecausewetendtodismissannoyanceasapricetopayforlivinginthemodernworld.Itmayalsobebecausewestillthinkofhearinglossasonlyanoccupationalhazard.

1.InParagraph1,thephrase“immuneto”isusedtomean（）.

2.Theauthor’sattitudetowardnoisewouldbestbedescribedas（）.

3.Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthemainideaofthepassage?

4.Theauthorcondemnsnoiseessentiallybecauseit（）.

5.Theauthorwouldprobablyconsiderresearchabouttheeffectsnoisehasonpeopletobe（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.unaffectedby

B.hurtby

C.unlikelytobeseenby

D.unknownby

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.unrealistic

B.traditional

C.concerned

D.hysterical

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Noiseisamajorproblem;mostpeoplerecognizeitsimportance.

B.Althoughnoisecanbeannoying,itisnotamajorproblem.

C.Noiseisamajorproblemandhasnotyetbeenrecognizedassuch.

D.Noiseisamajorproblemaboutwhichnothingcanbedone.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.isagainstthelaw

B.canmakesomepeopleirritable

C.isanuisance

D.isadangertopeople’shealth

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.unimportant

B.impossible

C.awasteofmoney

D.essential

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.根據(jù)“immuneto”定位至其后面一句：Thoughweseemtoadjusttonoisebyignoringit,theear,infact,neverclosesandthebodystillresponds（盡管我們似乎通過(guò)忽視噪音來(lái)適應(yīng)噪音，但實(shí)際上，耳朵永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)關(guān)閉，身體仍然會(huì)做出反應(yīng)），由此推斷我們不可能不受噪音的影響，選項(xiàng)A"unaffectedby”表示“不受影響”。

2.文章最后一段提出：為什么人們沒(méi)有對(duì)噪音問(wèn)題更為警醒，并且后面給出了若干猜測(cè)的理由，都指出了人們對(duì)噪音問(wèn)題不夠重視，說(shuō)明作者十分關(guān)注噪音對(duì)人類(lèi)的健康產(chǎn)生的影響，因此C項(xiàng)正確。

3.文章第一段和最后一段的大意為：噪音已經(jīng)成為一個(gè)普遍的問(wèn)題，但是人們并沒(méi)有重視噪音對(duì)人體健康產(chǎn)生的危害。選項(xiàng)C表示“噪音是一個(gè)主流問(wèn)題，但并沒(méi)有被充分意識(shí)到”符合題意。

4.文章指出：噪音會(huì)對(duì)人體的身心健康產(chǎn)生危害，并且圍繞這一點(diǎn)展開(kāi)，因此D選項(xiàng)“對(duì)人們的健康是一種威脅”符合題意。

5.最后一段指出：人們對(duì)噪音對(duì)健康的危害不夠重視，并且噪音和疾病以及殘疾之間的關(guān)系并沒(méi)有得到證實(shí)，由此推斷，作者認(rèn)為對(duì)噪音的研究是有必要的，可以以此喚醒人們對(duì)此的注意，故選項(xiàng)Dessential“有必要的”符合題意。

3.單選題

Manyreportedthatthegeneralmilitarymessagetheyreceivedwasthat,asnurses,theywereex-pectedtobe（）strong.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.empirically

B.eminently

C.emulously

D.emotionally

【答案】D

【解析】副詞辨析。句意：許多人聲稱(chēng)，他們收到的一般軍事信息是，作為護(hù)士，他們應(yīng)該在堅(jiān)強(qiáng)。empirically憑經(jīng)驗(yàn)地，經(jīng)驗(yàn)為主地；eminently突出地，顯著地；emulously好勝地，

競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性地；emotionally感情上，心理上。因此，D項(xiàng)符合句意。

4.單選題

Tocompensateforthesubstantialdeclineintheavailabilityoffossilfuelsinfutureyears,wewillhavetoprovideatleast（）alternativeenergysource.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ananticipated

B.anofficial

C.anequivalent

D.aredundant

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞辨析。句意：為了彌補(bǔ)未來(lái)幾年中礦物燃料供應(yīng)量的大幅度下降，我們不得不提供一種至少是（）的替代能源。

anticipated預(yù)期的，期望的；official官方的，正式的，公務(wù)的；equivalent等價(jià)的，相等的；redundant多余的，過(guò)剩的。C選項(xiàng)“相等的”符合句意。

5.單選題

Treesshouldonlybeprunedwhenthereisagoodandclearreasonfordoingsoand,fortunately，thenumberofsuchreasonsissmall.Pruninginvolvesthecuttingawayofovergrownandunwantedbranches,andtheinexperiencedgardenercanbeencouragedbythethoughtthatmoredamageresultsfromdoingitunnecessarilythanfromleavingthetreetogrowinitsownway.

First,pruningmaybedonetomakesurethattreeshaveadesiredshapeorsize.Theobjectmaybetogetatreeoftherightheight,andatthesametimetohelpthegrowthofsmallsidebrancheswhichwillthickenitsappearanceorgiveitaspecialshape.Secondly,pruningmaybedonetomakethetreehealthier.Youmaycutdiseasedordeadwood,orbranchesthatarerubbingagainsteachotherandthuscausewounds.Thehealthofatreemaybeencouragedbyremovingbranchesthatareblockingupthecentreandsopreventingthefreemovementofair.

Oneresultofpruningisthatanopenwoundisleftonthetreeandthisprovidesaneasyentryfordisease,butitisawoundthatwillheal.Oftenthereisaracebetweenthehealingandthediseaseastowhetherthetreewillliveordie,sothatthereisaperiodwhenthetreeisatrisk.Itshouldbetheaimofeverygardenertoreducethatriskofdeathasfaraspossible.Itisessentialtomakethearea，whichhasbeenpruned,smoothandclean,forhealingwillbesloweddownbyroughness.Youshouldallowthecutsurfacetodryforafewhoursandthenpaintitwithoneofthesubstancesavailablefromgardenshopsproducedespeciallyforthispurpose.Pruningisusuallywithoutinterferencefromtheleavesandalsoitisveryunlikelythatthecutsyoumakewillbleed.Ifthisdoeshappen,itis,ofcourse,impossibletopaintthemproperly.

1.Pruningshouldbedoneto（）.

2.Treesbecomeunhealthyifthegardener（）.

3.Whyisaspecialsubstancepaintedonthetree?

4.Agoodgardenerprunesatree（）.

5.Whatwastheauthor’spurposewhenwritingthispassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.makethetreegrowtaller

B.improvetheshapeofthetree

C.getridofthesmallbranches

D.makethesmallbranchesthicker

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.allowstoomanybranchestogrowinthemiddle

B.doesnotprotectthemfromwind

C.forcesthemtogrowtooquickly

D.damagessomeofthesmallsidebranches

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Tomakeawoundsmooth.

B.Topreventdiseaseenteringawound.

C.Tocoveraroughsurface.

D.Tohelpawoundtodry.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.atintervalsthroughouttheyear

B.asquicklyaspossible

C.occasionallywhennecessary

D.regulareverywinter

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Togivepracticalinstructionforpruningatree.

B.Togiveageneraldescriptionofpruning.

C.Toexplainhowtreesdevelopdiseases.

D.Todiscussdifferentmethodsofpruning.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“Pruningshouldbedone”定位至第二段：pruningmaybedonetomakesurethattreeshaveadesiredshapeorsize（修枝是為了確保樹(shù)木按照所需要的形狀或大小生長(zhǎng)）。因此，B項(xiàng)為正確答案。

2.根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“Treesbecomeunhealthy”定位至第二段：Thehealthofatreemaybeencouragedbyremovingbranchesthatareblockingupthecentre…（剪去堵塞中心的樹(shù)枝可以促進(jìn)樹(shù)木的健康）。因此推測(cè)，樹(shù)木中心的樹(shù)枝太多不利于樹(shù)木的生長(zhǎng)，A項(xiàng)為正確答案。

3.根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“specialsubstancepaintedonthetree”定位至第三段：Oneresultofpruningisthatanopenwoundisleftonthetreeandthisprovidesaneasyentryfordisease...andthenpaintitwithoneofthesubstancesavailablefromgardenshopsproducedespeciallyforthispurpose.由此可知，在樹(shù)木切口表面漆上特殊的材料就是為了防止病害從樹(shù)木切口進(jìn)入，B項(xiàng)為正確答案。

4.第一段指出：moredamageresultsfromdoingitunnecessarilythanfromleavingthetreetogrowinitsownway（不必要的剪枝會(huì)給樹(shù)木帶來(lái)更多的傷害）。由此推測(cè)，好的園丁只是在必要的時(shí)候才修剪樹(shù)木，C項(xiàng)為正確答案。

5.通篇作者在闡述什么情況下修剪樹(shù)木并且詳細(xì)介紹了原因和方法。因此，作者的目的是在修剪樹(shù)木方面給予實(shí)踐指導(dǎo)，A項(xiàng)為正確答案。

6.單選題

AcenturyagointheUnitedStates,whenanindividualbroughtsuitagainstacompany,publicopiniontendedtoprotectthatcompany.Butperhapsthisphenomenonwasmoststrikinginthecaseoftherailroads.Nearlyhalfofallnegligencecasesdecidedthrough1896involvedrailroads.Andtherailroadsusuallywon.

Mostofthecasesweredecidedinstatecourts,whentherailroadshadtheclimateofthetimesontheirsides.Governmentsupportedtherailroadindustry;theprogressrailroadsrepresentedwasnottobesloweddownbyrequiringthemoftentopaydamagestothoseunluckyenoughtobehurtworkingforthem.

Courtdecisionsalwayswentagainstrailroadworkers.Mr.Farwell,anengineer,losthisrighthandwhenaswitchman’snegligenceranhisengineoffthetrack.ThecourtreasonedthatsinceFarwellhadtakenthejobofanengineervoluntarilyatgoodpay,hehadacceptedtherisk.Thereforetheaccident,thoughavoidablehadtheswitchmenactedcarefully,wasa“pureaccident”.Ineffectarailroadcouldneverbeheldresponsibleforinjurytooneemployeecausedbythemistakeofanother.

InonecasewhereaPennsylvaniaRailroadworkerhadstartedafireatawarehouseandthefirehadspreadseveralblocks,causingwidespreaddamage,ajuryfoundthecompanyresponsibleforallthedamage.Butthecourtoverturnedthejury’sdecisionbecauseitarguedthattherailroad’snegligencewastheimmediatecauseofdamageonlytothenearestbuildings.Beyondthemtheconnectionwastooremotetoconsider.

Asthecenturyworeon,publicsentimentbegantoturnagainsttherailroads—againsttheireconomicandpoliticalpowerandhighfaresaswellasagainsttheircallousness（無(wú)情）towardindividuals.

1.Whatdoestheword“negligence”meaninthepassage?

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueinFarwell’scase?

3.Whatmusthavehappenedafterthefirecasewassettledincourt?

4.ThefollowingarousedpublicresentmentEXCEPT（）.

5.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ignorance

B.arrogance

C.carelessness

D.depression

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Farwellwouldnothavebeeninjurediftheswitchmanhadbeenmorecareful.

B.Thecourtarguedthatthevictimhadacceptedtherisksincehehadwillinglytakenhisjob.

C.Thecourtdecidedthattherailroadshouldnotbeheldresponsible.

D.Farwellwasinjuredbecausehenegligentlyranhisengineoffthetrack.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Therailroadcompensatedforthedamagetotheimmediatebuildings.

B.Therailroadcompensatedforallthedamagebythefire.

C.Therailroadpaidnothingforthedamagedbuilding.

D.Therailroadworkerpaidforthepropertydamagehimself.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.politicalpower

B.highfares

C.economicloss

D.indifference

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.RailroadoppressingindividualsintheUS.

B.HistoryoftheUSrailroads.

C.Railroadworkers’workingrights.

D.Lawcasesconcerningtherailroads.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.根據(jù)題干“negligence”定位至第三段：Mr.Farwell,anengineer,losthisrighthandwhenaswitchman’snegligenceranhisengineoffthetrack（法威爾先生是鐵路公司的一名工程師，由于一名扳道工因negligence而導(dǎo)致機(jī)車(chē)脫離軌道，法威爾失去了右手）。由此推測(cè)negligence意為疏忽，過(guò)失。ignorance無(wú)知，愚昧，arrogance傲慢，carelessness粗心，疏忽，depression沮喪；經(jīng)濟(jì)大蕭條。據(jù)此可知，C項(xiàng)正確。

2.文章第三段指明是一位扳道工由于疏忽而導(dǎo)致機(jī)車(chē)脫離軌道，法威爾失去了右手，而非法威爾本人。D項(xiàng)的說(shuō)法錯(cuò)誤。

3.題干問(wèn)的是法院對(duì)火災(zāi)案的判決結(jié)果。第四段指出：ajuryfoundthecompanyresponsibleforallthedamage.Butthecourtoverturned...Beyondthemtheconnectionwastooremotetoconsider（陪審團(tuán)裁決鐵路公司負(fù)責(zé)全部損失，但法院推翻了陪審團(tuán)的決定，認(rèn)為鐵路公司的疏忽只是直接導(dǎo)致最鄰近的建筑物受到損失，因而只對(duì)此負(fù)責(zé)任，而離得較遠(yuǎn)的房屋的損失則不在賠償范圍）。因此，鐵路公司只賠償最鄰近的建筑物受到的損失。

4.根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞resentment定位至最后一段：Publicsentimentbegantoturnagainsttherailroads—againsttheireconomicandpoliticalpowerandhighfaresaswellasagainsttheircallousnesstowardindividuals（公眾輿論開(kāi)始反對(duì)鐵路公司——反對(duì)他們?cè)诮?jīng)濟(jì)和政治上的權(quán)力、高票價(jià)以及他們對(duì)個(gè)人的冷漠無(wú)情。據(jù)此可知，C選項(xiàng)“經(jīng)濟(jì)損失”不包括在里面。

5.本文主要討論的是與鐵路公司有關(guān)的法律案件。

7.單選題

Mr.Smithbecamevery（）whenitwassuggestedthathehadmadeamistake.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ingenious

B.empirical

C.objective

D.indignant

【答案】D

【解析】D選項(xiàng)indignant意為“憤慨的”。句意：當(dāng)被指出犯了錯(cuò)誤的時(shí)候，史密斯先生變得非常（），應(yīng)選D。A選項(xiàng)ingenious聰明的；B選項(xiàng)empirical經(jīng)驗(yàn)主義的；C選項(xiàng)objective客觀的；D選項(xiàng)indignant憤慨的。D選項(xiàng)indignant符合句意。

8.單選題

Ifounditdifficultto（）mycareerambitionswiththeneedtobringupmy

children.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.intensify

B.amend

C.reconcile

D.consolidate

【答案】C

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析。intensify使增加，加?。籥mend修改；reconcile使順從，和解；consolidate合并，鞏固，加強(qiáng)。句意：我發(fā)現(xiàn)很難讓我的事業(yè)抱負(fù)（）撫養(yǎng)孩子的需求。reconcilewith意為“使一致，和好，調(diào)解”，因此C選項(xiàng)符合句意。

9.單選題

Duringthenineteenyearsofhiscareer,FranceBattiatehaswonthe（）ofawideaudienceoutsideItaly.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.enjoyment

B.appreciation

C.evaluation

D.reputation

【答案】B

【解析】名詞辨析。句意：在他19年的職業(yè)生涯中，F(xiàn)ranceBattiate贏得了意大利以外的大量觀眾的。

enjoyment享受；appreciation欣賞；evaluation評(píng)價(jià)；reputation名譽(yù)。因此，B項(xiàng)符合句意。

10.寫(xiě)作題

Doyouthinkpeopleshouldbuythingsmadeintheirowncountry,evenwhenthepriceishigherthanthesamethingsmadesomewhereelse?Writeanessayofnolessthan200wordsbasedonthistopic.

【答案】

PeopleShouldChoosetheProductsTheyWouldLiketoBuy11.單選題

Thereare（）differencesbetweentheoryandpractice.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.legible

B.laden

C.radical

D.medieval

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞辨析。句意:理論和實(shí)踐之間有根本的區(qū)別。故選C。

12.單選題

Therearetwomethodsoffighting,theonebylaw,theotherbyforce;thefirstmethodisthatofmen,thesecondofbeasts;butasthefirstmethodisofteninsufficient,onemusthaverecoursetothesecond.Itis,therefore,necessaryforaprincetoknowhowtouseboththebeastandtheman.Thiswascovertlytaughttotherulersbyancientwriters,whorelatehowAchillesandmanyothersofthoseancientprincesweregivenChironthecentaurtobebroughtupandeducatedunderhisdiscipline.

Theparable（寓言）ofthissemi-animal,semi?humanteacherismeanttoindicatethataprincemustknowhowtousebothnaturesandthattheonewithouttheotherisnotdurable.

Aprince,beingthusobligedtoknowwellhowtoactasabeast,mustimitatethefox,andtheli-on,forthelioncannotprotecthimselffromtraps,andthefoxcannotdefendhimselffromwolves.Thosethatwishtobeonlylionsdonotunderstandthis.Therefore,aprudentruleroughtnottokeepfaithwhenbydoingsoitwouldbeagainsthisinterest,andthereasonswhichmadehimbindhimselfnolongerexist.Ifmenwereallgood,thispreceptwouldnotbeagoodone;butastheyarebad,andwouldnotobservetheirfaithwithyou,soyouarenotboundtokeepfaithwiththem.Norhavelegiti-mategroundseverfailedaprincewhowishedtoshowcolorableexcuseforthenonfulfillmentofhispromise.Ofthisonecouldfurnishaninfinitenumberofexamples,andshowhowmanytimespeacehasbeenbroken,andhowmanypromisesrenderedworthless,bythefaithlessnessofprinces,andthosethathavebestbeenabletoimitatethefoxhavesucceededbest.Butitisnecessarytobeabletodisguisethischaracterwell,andtobeagreatfeigneranddissembler,andmenaresosimpleandsoreadytoobeypresentnecessities,thattheonewhodeceiveswillalwaysfindthosewhoallowthem-selvestobedeceived.

1.Thewriterdoesnotbelievethat（）.

2.“Prince”inthepassagedesignates（）

3.Thelionrepresentsthosewhoare（）

4.Thefox,inthepassage,is（）.

5.Thewritersuggeststhatasuccessfulleadermust（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.thetruthmakesmenfree

B.peoplecanprotectthemselves

C.princesarehuman

D.leadershavetobeconsistent

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.anyoneinpower

B.electedofficials

C.aristocrats

D.sonsofkings

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.tootrusting

B.reliantonforceonly

C.strongandpowerful

D.lackinginforce

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.admiredforhistrickery

B.nomatchforthelion

C.pitiedforhiswiles

D.consideredworthless

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.beprudentandfaithful

B.cheatandlie

C.haveprincipletoguidehisactions

D.followthetruth

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.推理題。第一段指出：butasthefirstmethodisofteninsufficient，onemusthaverecoursetothesecond（只使用第一種方法是不夠的，還要使用第二種方法）。D選項(xiàng)“領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者必須始終如一”符合題意。

2.推理題。根據(jù)文章推斷,“Prince”指代的是A項(xiàng)“任何掌權(quán)的人”。

3.推理題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“l(fā)ion”定位至第二段:...forthelioncannotprotecthimselffromtraps,andthefoxcannotdefendhimselffromwolves.Thosethatwishtobeonlylionsdonotunderstandthis，由此推測(cè)lion僅有力量但不能保護(hù)自己免入陷阱。因此B項(xiàng)正確。

4.推理題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“fox”定位至第二段：Aprince,beingthusobligedtoknowwellhowtoact

asabeast,mustimitatethefox,andthelion,forthelioncannotprotecthimselffromtraps,andthefoxcannotdefendhimselffromwolves.由此可知，狐貍是狡猾的，而且作者對(duì)此持肯定態(tài)度。因此A項(xiàng)正確。

5.推理題。第二段指出：Therefore,aprudentruleroughtnottokeepfaithwhenbydoingsoitwouldbeagainsthisinterest,andthereasonswhichmadehimbindhimselfnolongerexist…thosethathavebestbeenabletoimitatethefoxhavesucceededbest。因此作者認(rèn)為，精明的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者應(yīng)該向狐貍學(xué)習(xí)，善于偽裝。B項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

Thefrontmatterofabookconsistsofthetitle,subtitle,tableofcontents,andpre-face.Butthe（1）ofreaderswhopaynoattentiontothesignalsislargerthanyoumightexpect,unlessyouhappentobeoneofthosewhoare（2）toadmitit.Ihavethisexpe-rienceagainandagain（3）students.Ihaveaskedthem（4）abookwasabout.Ihaveaskedthemtotellme,inthemostgeneral（5）,whatsortofbookitwas.This,Ihave（6）,

isagoodway,almostanindispensable（7）,tobeginadiscussion.Manystudentsare（8）toanswerthisfirstandsimplestquestionaboutthebook.Sometimestheyapologize（9）thattheyhaven’tfinishedreadingityet,and（10）donoknow.That’sno（11）,Ipointout.Didyoulookatthetitle?Didyoustudythe（12）?Didyoureadthepreface（13）introduction?No，theydidnot.Thefrontmatterofabook（14）tobelikethetickingofaclock,（15）younoticeonlywhenitisnotthere.

Onereasonwhytitlesandprefacesare（16）bysomanyreadersisthattheydonotthink（71）importanttoclarifythebooktheyarereading，Theydonotfollowthisfirst（18）.Iftheytriedtofollowit,they（19）begratefultotheauthor（20）them.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.majority

B.amount

C.number

D.figure

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.toohonest

B.enoughhonest

C.honestenough

D.sohonest

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.with

B.in

C.from

D.over.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.whatkind

B.allthat

C.what

D.which

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.words

B.expressions

C.phrases

D.terms

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.thought

B.known

C.understood

D.found

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.way

B.subject

C.thing

D.manner

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.able

B.failing

C.unable

D.incapable

問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)

A.bysaying

B.forsaying

C.tosay

D.saying

問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)

A.then

B.therefore

C.so

D.otherwise

問(wèn)題11選項(xiàng)

A.way

B.sense

C.excuse

D.reason

問(wèn)題12選項(xiàng)

A.chapters

B.contents

C.index

D.appendix

問(wèn)題13選項(xiàng)

A.and

B.with

C.or

D.also

問(wèn)題14選項(xiàng)

A.happens

B.appears

C.used

D.looks

問(wèn)題15選項(xiàng)

A.that

B.something

C.which

D.nothing

問(wèn)題16選項(xiàng)

A.ignored

B.forgotten

C.missed

D.escaped

問(wèn)題17選項(xiàng)

A.this

B.that

C.it

D.so

問(wèn)題18選項(xiàng)

A.rule

B.example

C.advice

D.suggestion

問(wèn)題19選項(xiàng)

A.will

B.would

C.need

D.should

問(wèn)題20選項(xiàng)

A.tohelp

B.forhelping

C.inhelping

D.helping

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

第6題:A

第7題:A

第8題:C

第9題:A

第10題:B

第11題:C

第12題:B

第13題:C

第14題:B

第15題:C

第16題:A

第17題:C

第18題:A

第19題:B

第20題:B

【解析】1.句意：不關(guān)注這些信息的讀者數(shù)量要比人們預(yù)想的多。C選項(xiàng)number意為“數(shù)字，數(shù)量”，thenumberof后面接可數(shù)名詞readers，意為“讀者的數(shù)量”。其他三項(xiàng)中，A選項(xiàng)majority多數(shù)；B選項(xiàng)amount數(shù)量，總額，theamountof后面接不可數(shù)名詞；D選項(xiàng)figure意為“數(shù)字，算術(shù)”，不符合句意。

2.句意：足夠誠(chéng)實(shí)地承認(rèn)這一點(diǎn)。enough修飾形容詞和副詞時(shí)應(yīng)該后置，C項(xiàng)正確。

3.句意：我在學(xué)生這方面很有經(jīng)驗(yàn)。haveanexperiencewith為固定搭配，意為“在……方面有經(jīng)驗(yàn)”，A項(xiàng)正確。

4.C選項(xiàng)what意為“什么”，與文意相符，在此表示：我問(wèn)學(xué)生書(shū)里寫(xiě)的是什么內(nèi)容。

5.空格處填入terms，句意變?yōu)椋何乙笏麄兏叨雀爬ㄒ幌逻@本書(shū)的歸類(lèi)。ingeneralterms意為“概括地，籠統(tǒng)地”。

6.句意：我這是一個(gè)很好的方法。A選項(xiàng)thought以為，認(rèn)為，與句意相符，應(yīng)選A。其他三項(xiàng)中，known知道；understood懂，理解；found發(fā)現(xiàn)，都與句意不符。

7.空格所在句是說(shuō)一種不可或缺的、即將討論的。而且空格前面提到的agoodway。way方法，手段；subject主題，學(xué)科；thing事件；manner方式，舉止，禮貌，A項(xiàng)way符合句意。

8.句意：很多學(xué)生回答這個(gè)首要而最簡(jiǎn)單的問(wèn)題。able能夠的，有能力的；failing失敗，不成功；unable不會(huì)的，無(wú)能力的；incapable無(wú)能力的。因此，從意義上來(lái)講，unable和incapable都符合句意。但是，unable才可以和to搭配使用，incapable后面應(yīng)接介詞of。因此，C項(xiàng)正確。

9.空格所在句是說(shuō)有時(shí)他們道歉說(shuō)還沒(méi)有完成閱讀?？崭裉帒?yīng)為bysaying。apologizefor意為“為某事道歉”，所以不能選B項(xiàng)。

10.句意：說(shuō)他們沒(méi)有完成閱讀，不知道。then那時(shí)，然后；therefore因此；so因此，后面引導(dǎo)完整句子；otherwise否則，因此，B項(xiàng)therefore符合句意。

11.空格前后句意：學(xué)生沒(méi)有完成閱讀，因此不知道。我認(rèn)為，不要找借口。C選項(xiàng)excuse意為“借口，理由，辯解”，與句意相符。

12.空格所在句前一句提到title（標(biāo)題）嗎，后一句又提到preface（前言），據(jù)此推測(cè)，此處應(yīng)該為B項(xiàng)contents（目錄）。

13.空格連接的introduction和preface這兩個(gè)名詞均有“前言，引言”之意，因此C選項(xiàng)or“或者”放在空格處比較合適。

14.句意：書(shū)的正面是時(shí)鐘的嘀嗒聲。happensto碰巧；appearto看來(lái)像是；usedto過(guò)去常常；lookto朝（某物）看去，面對(duì)，依靠。因此，選項(xiàng)Bappearto符合句意。

15.which放在空格處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。句意：只有當(dāng)它不在時(shí)你才會(huì)注意到。

16.句意：標(biāo)題和前言被讀者的原因就在于……。ignored忽視；forgotten忘記；missed錯(cuò)過(guò)；escaped躲過(guò)，因此，A項(xiàng)ignored符合句意。

17.it在空格處作形式賓語(yǔ)，此處句意：他們認(rèn)為有關(guān)書(shū)的闡釋并不重要。

18.句意：他們不愿遵循這一首要。rule規(guī)則，原則；example榜樣；advice建議；suggestion建議。因此，A項(xiàng)符合句意。

19.句意：說(shuō)如果他們嘗試這么做了，他們就會(huì)感謝作者的幫助。表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的情況，所以B項(xiàng)would比較合適。

20.這里考查固定搭配。begratefultosb.forsth.意為“因……感謝某人”，因此B項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

Theseexcursionswillgiveyouanevendeeper（）intoourlanguageandculture.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.inquiry

B.investigation

C.input

D.insight

【答案】D

【解析】名詞辨析。inquiry詢(xún)問(wèn)，調(diào)查；investigation調(diào)查，研究；input輸入，投入；insight深入了解，深刻見(jiàn)解。句意：這次短途旅行會(huì)使你對(duì)我們的語(yǔ)言和文化有更加深入的

。因此D選項(xiàng)符合句意。

15.單選題

Themiserwillnotdonateanymoneytocharitybecauseheis（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.greedy

B.thrifty

C.stingy

D.careful

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞辨析。句意：這位吝嗇鬼是不會(huì)捐一點(diǎn)錢(qián)的,因?yàn)樗?/p>

。greedy貪婪的；thrifty節(jié)儉的；stingy吝嗇的；careful謹(jǐn)慎的。故選C。

16.單選題

Asoneoftheyoungestprofessorsintheuniversity，MissKingiscertainlyonthe（）ofabrilliantcareer.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.edge

B.porch

C.threshold

D.course

【答案】C

【解析】名詞辨析。句意：作為這所大學(xué)最年輕的教授之一，金女士當(dāng)然是站在事業(yè)輝煌的

。

edge邊緣，優(yōu)勢(shì)；porch走廊，門(mén)檻；threshold門(mén)檻，入口；course路線(xiàn)，航線(xiàn)。因此，C項(xiàng)threshold符合句意。

17.單選題

Thequestionofwhetherwarisinevitableisonewhichhasconcernedmanyoftheworld’sgreatwriters.Beforeconsideringthisquestion,itwillbeusefultointroducesomerelatedconcepts.Conflict,definedasoppositionamongsocialentitiesdirectedagainstoneanother,isdistinguishedfromcompetition,definedasoppositionamongsocialentitiesindependentlystrivingforsomethingwhichisininadequatesupply.Competitorsmaynotbeawareofoneanother,whilethepartiestoaconflictare.Conflictandcompetitionarebothcategoriesofopposition,whichhasbeendefinedasaprocessbywhichsocialentitiesfunctioninthedisserviceofoneanother.Oppositionisthuscontrastedwithcooperation,theprocessbywhichsocialentitiesfunctionintheserviceofoneanother.Thesedefinitionsarenecessarybecauseitisimportanttoemphasizethatcompetitionbetweenindividualsorgroupsisinevitableinaworldoflimitedresources,butconflictisnot.Conflict,nevertheless,isverylikelytooccur,andisprobablyanessentialanddesirableelementofhumansocieties.

Manyauthorshavearguedfortheinevitabilityofwarfromthepremisethatinthestruggleforexistenceamonganimalspecies,onlythefittestsurvive.Ingeneral,however,thisstruggleinnatureiscompetition,notconflict.Socialanimals,suchasmonkeysandcattle,fighttowinormaintainleadershipofthegroup.Thestruggleforexistenceoccursnotinsuchfights,butinthecompetitionforlimitedfeedingareasandfortheoccupancyofareasfreefrommeat-eatinganimals.Thosewhofailinthiscompetitionstarvetodeathorbecomevictimstootherspecies.Thisstruggleforexistencedoesnotresemblehumanwar,butratherthecompetitionofindividualsforjobs,markets,andmaterials.Theessenceofthestruggleisthecompetitionforthenecessitiesoflifethatareinsufficienttosatisfyall.

Amongnationsthereiscompetitionindevelopingresources,trades,skills,andasatisfactorywayoflife.Thesuccessfulnationsgrowandproduceeffortstoexpandterritoryattheexpenseofothers,andthusleadtoconflict.Itcannotbesaidthatwar-likeconflictamongnationsisinevitable,althoughcompetitionis.

1.Inthefirstparagraph,theauthorgivesthedefinitionsofsometerminorderto（）

2.Accordingtotheauthor,competitiondiffersfromconflictinthat（）.

3.Thephrase“functioninthedisserviceofoneanother”mostprobablymeans（）

4.Theauthorindicatesinthepassagethatconflict（）.

5.Thepassageisprobablyintendedtoanswerthequestion“（）'

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.argueforthesimilaritiesbetweenanimalsocietiesandhumansocieties

B.smoothouttheconflictsinhumansocieties

C.distinguishbetweentwokindsofopposition

D.summarizethecharacteristicfeaturesofoppositionandcooperation

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.itresultsinwarinmostcases

B.itinduceseffortstoexpandterritory

C.itisakindofoppositionamongsocialentities

D.itisessentiallyastruggleforexistence

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.betrayeachother

B.harmoneanother

C.helptocollaboratewitheachother

D.benefitoneanother

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.isaninevitablestruggleresultingfromcompetition

B.reflectsthestruggleamongsocialanimals

C.isanoppositionamongindividualsocialentities

D.canbeavoided

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Whyisthereconflictandcompetition?

B.Isconflictdesirable?

C.Iswarinevitable?

D.Cancompetitionleadtoconflict?

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.根據(jù)題干定位至第一段。作者給出一些兩種對(duì)抗術(shù)語(yǔ)的定義是為了將兩種對(duì)抗加以區(qū)分。C項(xiàng)正確。

2.題干問(wèn)的是競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)比沖突的不同在于什么。定位至第二段：Manyauthorshavearguedfortheinevitabilityofwarfromthepremisethatinthestruggleforexistenceamonganimalspecies,onlythefittestsurvive.Ingeneral,however,thisstruggleinnatureiscompetition,notconflict（許多作家根據(jù)動(dòng)物世界為生存而進(jìn)行的斗爭(zhēng)中具有適者生存的規(guī)律這一點(diǎn)，認(rèn)為戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)是不可避免的。通常來(lái)講，這種斗爭(zhēng)從本質(zhì)上來(lái)說(shuō)是競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，而不是沖突）。據(jù)此可知，競(jìng)爭(zhēng)不同于沖突是因?yàn)楦?jìng)爭(zhēng)從本質(zhì)上來(lái)說(shuō)是為了生存。

3.根據(jù)題干定位至第一段：Conflictandcompetitionarebothcategoriesofopposition,whichhasbeendefinedasaprocessbywhichsocialentitiesfunctioninthedisserviceofoneanother.（沖突和競(jìng)爭(zhēng)都是對(duì)立的范疇，被定義為社會(huì)實(shí)體互相傷害的過(guò)程）。因此，該短語(yǔ)為互相傷害。

4.文章最后指出：Itcannotbesaidthatwar-likeconflictamongnationsisinevitable,althoughcompetitionis（盡管競(jìng)爭(zhēng)不可避免，卻不能認(rèn)為國(guó)家間類(lèi)似于戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的沖突也是不可避免的）。據(jù)此可知，作者認(rèn)為沖突是可以避免的，D項(xiàng)正確。

5.文章開(kāi)篇點(diǎn)明主題：Thequestionofwhetherwarisinevitableisonewhichhasconcernedmanyoftheworld’sgreatwriters（一個(gè)讓世界上許多偉大的作家憂(yōu)心的問(wèn)題是：戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)是否不可避免）。后文從各方面論述了“戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)是否不可避免”這個(gè)問(wèn)題。

18.單選題

Theymadedetailedinvestigationsto（）themselveswiththeneedsofthe

ruralmarket.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.adhere

B.acknowledge

C.acquaint

D.activate

【答案】C

【解析】固定搭配。此處為固定搭配，acquaintwith意為“熟悉，了解”。

19.單選題

Itcannotbedeniedthattheexistingresourcesonearthwillbedepleted,butscientistsare（）toconcedetheinevitabilityofthatday,realizingthatnewenergiescanbefoundinthenearfuture.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.bound