2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-華東交通大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)7

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-華東交通大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

ThechangeingloballyaveragedtemperaturethathaveoccurredatthattheEarth’ssurfaceoverthepastcenturyaresimilarinsizeandtimingtothose（1）bymodelstakeintoaccountthecombinedinfluencesofhumanfactorsandsolarvariability.

To（2）thequestionofattributionrequiresthe（3）ofmorepowerfulandcomplexmethods,beyondtheuseofglobalaveragesalone.Newstudieshavefocusedon（4）mapsorpatternsoftemperaturechangein（5）andinmodels.Patternanalysisistheclimatologicallyequivalentofthemorecomprehensivetestsinthemedicalanalogymentioned（6）,andmakesitpossibletoachievemoredefinitive（7）ofobservedclimatechangedtoaparticularcauseorcauses.

TheexpectedinfluenceofhumanactivitiesisthoughttobemuchmorecomplexthanuniformwarmingovertheentiresurfaceoftheEarthandoverthewhole（8）cycle.Patternsofchangeoverspaceandtimethereforeprovideamorepowerful（9）technique.Thebasicidea（10）pattern-basedapproachesisthatdifferent（11）causesofclimatechangehavedifferentcharacteristicpatternsofclimateresponseorfingerprints.Attributionstudiesseekto（12）afingerprintmatchbetweenthepatternsofclimatechange（13）bymodelsandthoseactuallyobserved.

Themostrecentassessmentofthesciencesuggeststhathumanactivitieshaveledtoadiscernible（14）onglobalclimateandthattheseactivitieswillhaveandincreasinginfluenceonfutureclimate.Theburningofcoal,oilandnaturalgas,aswellasvariousagriculturalandindustrialpractices,are（15）thecompositionoftheatmosphereandcontributingtoclimatechange.Thesehumanactivitieshaveledtoincreasedatmospheric（16）ofanumberofgreenhousegases,includingcarbondioxide,methaneandsoonintheloweratmosphere.

Humanactivities,suchastheburningoffossil,havealsoincreasedthe（17）ofsmallparticlesintheatmosphere.Theseparticlescanchangethe（18）ofenergythatisabsorbedandreflectedbytheatmosphere.Theyarealsobelievedtomodifythe（19）ofairandclouds,changingtheamountofenergythattheyabsorbandreflect.Intensivestudiesoftheclimateeffectsoftheseparticlesbeganonlyrecentlyandtheoverall（20）isuncertain.Itislikelythattheneteffectofthesesmallparticlesistocooltheclimateandtopartiallyoffsetthewarmingofincreasingconcentrationsofgreenhousegases.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.incensed

B.personify

C.interact

D.predicted

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.array

B.ascertain

C.probe

D.perturb

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.application

B.integration

C.avenge

D.intervene

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.conforming

B.comparing

C.biding

D.budgeting

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.junctions

B.junctures

C.obligations

D.observations

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.optionally

B.ornamentally

C.previously

D.predicatively

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.attribution

B.autonomy

C.indication

D.induction

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.immune

B.seasonal

C.formidable

D.perceptible

問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)

A.analysis

B.disposal

C.antigen

D.disincentive

問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)

A.avenging

B.underestimating

C.ascending

D.underlying

問(wèn)題11選項(xiàng)

A.potential

B.respectable

C.secretive

D.sturdy

問(wèn)題12選項(xiàng)

A.weary

B.obtain

C.wink

D.retard

問(wèn)題13選項(xiàng)

A.oriented

B.kenned

C.predicted

D.lapsed

問(wèn)題14選項(xiàng)

A.modification

B.nomination

C.penetration

D.influence

問(wèn)題15選項(xiàng)

A.paving

B.altering

C.retreating

D.saluting

問(wèn)題16選項(xiàng)

A.stabilities

B.popularities

C.concentrations

D.hierarchies

問(wèn)題17選項(xiàng)

A.abundance

B.hemisphere

C.fixture

D.distress

問(wèn)題18選項(xiàng)

A.burial

B.argumentation

C.legislation

D.amount

問(wèn)題19選項(xiàng)

A.disposals

B.properties

C.certainties

D.blends

問(wèn)題20選項(xiàng)

A.calculation

B.assignment

C.budget

D.effect

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:D

第6題:C

第7題:A

第8題:B

第9題:A

第10題:D

第11題:A

第12題:B

第13題:C

第14題:D

第15題:B

第16題:C

第17題:A

第18題:D

第19題:B

第20題:D

【解析】1.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)incensed“激怒”；B選項(xiàng)personify“擬人化”；C選項(xiàng)interact“互相影響”；D選項(xiàng)predicted“預(yù)測(cè)”。句意：地球表面發(fā)生的全球平均溫度的變化在大小和時(shí)間上與模型預(yù)測(cè)的相似。本句表示模型預(yù)測(cè)了地球表面溫度的變化。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)array“排列”；B選項(xiàng)ascertain“確定”；C選項(xiàng)probe“調(diào)查”；D選項(xiàng)perturb“擾亂”。此處的意思是調(diào)查問(wèn)題的原因。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.考查上下文語(yǔ)義。A選項(xiàng)application“應(yīng)用”；B選項(xiàng)integration“集成”；C選項(xiàng)avenge“報(bào)仇”；D選項(xiàng)intervene“干涉”。此處的意思是運(yùn)用更強(qiáng)大更復(fù)雜的方法來(lái)調(diào)查原因。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)conforming“符合”；B選項(xiàng)comparing“比較”；C選項(xiàng)biding“忍耐”；D選項(xiàng)budgeting“編制預(yù)算”。句意：新的研究集中于比較溫度變化圖和溫度變化模式。本句表示將變化圖和變化模式兩者進(jìn)行比較。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

5.考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)junctions“接合點(diǎn)”；B選項(xiàng)junctures“接縫”；C選項(xiàng)obligations“義務(wù)”；D選項(xiàng)observations“觀察”。句意：觀察到的和模型中的溫度變化模式。本句表示觀察到的溫度變化和模型中的溫度變化兩方面。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

6.考查副詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)optionally“隨意地”；B選項(xiàng)ornamentally“裝飾地”；C選項(xiàng)previously“以前”；D選項(xiàng)predicatively“肯定地”。此處是指之前提到過(guò)的。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

7.考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)attribution“歸因”；B選項(xiàng)autonomy“自治”；C選項(xiàng)indication“指示”；D選項(xiàng)induction“歸納”。此處的意思是將觀測(cè)到的氣候變化歸因于一個(gè)或多個(gè)特定的原因。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

8.考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)immune“免疫的”；B選項(xiàng)seasonal“季節(jié)的”；C選項(xiàng)formidable“強(qiáng)大的”；D選項(xiàng)perceptible“可感知的”。此處的意思是整個(gè)季節(jié)周期性的均勻變暖。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

9.考查上下文語(yǔ)義。A選項(xiàng)analysis“分析”；B選項(xiàng)disposal“處理”；C選項(xiàng)antigen“抗原”；D選項(xiàng)disincentive“抑制因素”。此處的意思是空間和時(shí)間的變化模式提供了一種更強(qiáng)大的分析技術(shù)。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

10考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)avenging“報(bào)仇”；B選項(xiàng)underestimating“低估”；C選項(xiàng)ascending“上升”；D選項(xiàng)underlying“成為……的基礎(chǔ)”。此處的意思是構(gòu)成這些方法的基礎(chǔ)。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

11.考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)potential“潛在的”；B選項(xiàng)respectable“值得尊敬的”；C選項(xiàng)secretive“秘密的”；D選項(xiàng)sturdy“堅(jiān)定的”。此處的意思是不同的氣候變化潛在原因。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

12.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)weary“使疲倦”；B選項(xiàng)obtain“獲得”；C選項(xiàng)wink“眨眼”；D選項(xiàng)retard“延遲”。此處的意思是試圖獲得模型預(yù)測(cè)的變化和實(shí)際觀測(cè)到的氣候變化模式之間的指紋匹配。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

13.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)oriented“面向”；B選項(xiàng)kenned“知道”；C選項(xiàng)predicted“預(yù)測(cè)”；D選項(xiàng)lapsed“退步”。此處的意思是模型預(yù)測(cè)到的變化。因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

14.考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)modification“修改”；B選項(xiàng)nomination“提名”；C選項(xiàng)penetration“滲透”；D選項(xiàng)influence“影響”。此處的意思是人類活動(dòng)對(duì)全球氣候產(chǎn)生了明顯的影響，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中能和on搭配的只有influence。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

15.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)paving“鋪設(shè)”；B選項(xiàng)altering“變更”；C選項(xiàng)retreating“撤退”；D選項(xiàng)saluting“致敬”。此處的意思是煤炭、石油和天然氣的燃燒，以及各種農(nóng)業(yè)和工業(yè)活動(dòng)，正在改變大氣的組成。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

16.考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)stabilities“穩(wěn)定性”；B選項(xiàng)popularities“流行”；C選項(xiàng)concentrations“濃度”；D選項(xiàng)hierarchies“階層”。此處的意思是人類活動(dòng)導(dǎo)致大氣中大量溫室氣體的濃度增加。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

17.考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)abundance“豐富”；B選項(xiàng)hemisphere“半球”；C選項(xiàng)fixture“設(shè)備”；D選項(xiàng)distress“悲痛”。句意：人類活動(dòng)增加了大氣中微粒的數(shù)量。也就是說(shuō)人類活動(dòng)讓大氣中微粒的含量更豐富了。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

18.考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)burial“埋葬”；B選項(xiàng)argumentation“論證”；C選項(xiàng)legislation“立法”；D選項(xiàng)amount“數(shù)量”。此處的意思是這些粒子可以改變大氣吸收和反射的能量，同時(shí)下文中也出現(xiàn)了theamountofenergy。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

19.考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)disposals“處置”；B選項(xiàng)properties“性質(zhì)”；C選項(xiàng)certainties“必然”；D選項(xiàng)blends“混合物”。此處的意思是這些微粒也可以改變大氣層和云層的性質(zhì)。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

20.考查前后文照應(yīng)。A選項(xiàng)calculation“計(jì)算”；B選項(xiàng)assignment“任務(wù)”；C選項(xiàng)budget“預(yù)算”；D選項(xiàng)effect“影響”。前文提到“Intensivestudiesoftheclimateeffectsoftheseparticlesbeganonlyrecently”（對(duì)這些微粒對(duì)氣候影響的深入研究直到最近才開始），所以應(yīng)該是說(shuō)微粒對(duì)氣候變化的整體影響還不確定。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.單選題

Question1to5arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

Thewordscienceisheardsoofteninmoderntimesthatalmosteverybodyhassomenotionofitsmeaning.Themeaningofthetermisconfusing,buteveryoneshouldunderstanditsmeaningandobjectives.Justtomaketheexplanationassimpleaspossible,supposescienceisdefinedasclassifiedknowledge.

Evenintruesciences,distinguishingfactfromfictionisnotalwayseasy.Forthisreasongreatcareshouldbetakentodistinguishbetweenbeliefsandtruths.Forexample,hypothesesandtheoriesareattemptstoexplainnaturalphenomena.Fromthesepositionsscientistscontinuetoexperimentandobserveuntiltheyareproved.Theexactstatusofanyexplanationshouldbeclearlylabeledtoavoidconfusion.

Theobjectivesofscienceareprimarilythediscoveryandthesubsequentunderstandingoftheunknown.Mancannotbesatisfiedwithrecognizingthatsecretsexistinnatureorthatquestionsareunanswerable;hemustsolvethem.Towardthatend,specialistsinthefieldofbiologyandrelatedfieldsofinterestaredirectingmuchoftheirtimeandenergy.

Actually,twobasicapproachesleadtothediscoveryofnewinformation.One,aimedatsatisfyingcuriosity,isreferredtoaspurescience.Theotherisaimedatusingknowledgeforspecificpurposessuchasimprovinghealth,orcreatingnewconsumerproducts.Inthiscaseknowledgeisputtoeconomicuse.Suchanapproachisreferredtoasappliedscience.

Sometimespractical-mindedpeoplemissthepointofpurescienceinthinkingonlyofitsimmediateapplicationforeconomicreward.Chemistsresponsiblefordiscoveriescouldhardlyanticipatedthattheirfindingswouldonedayresultinapplicationsofsuchapracticalnatureasthosedirectlyrelatedtolifeanddeath.Thediscoveryofonebitofinformationopensthedoortothediscoveryofanother.However,oneshouldrememberthattheconstructionofthemicroscopehadtoprecedethediscoveryofthecell.Manyscientistsdedicatingtheirlivestopurersciencearenotapologeticaboutignoringthepracticalsideoftheirdiscoveries;theyknowfromexperiencethatmostknowledgeiseventuallyapplied.

1.Todefinescience,wecansimplynameitas（）.

2.Ascientistinterestedingeneralknowledgeaboutoxygenwouldprobablycallhisapproach（）.

3.Whichofthefollowingsentencesaboutpurescienceistrue?

4.Whichofthefollowingisimpliedinthepassage?

5.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthispassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.thestudyofnatureandmankind

B.anattempttoposeandprovehypothesesandtheories

C.categorizedknowledge

D.thestudyoftheunrelatednaturalphenomena

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.appliedscience

B.chemicalscience

C.purescience

D.environmentalscience

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Itmayleadtoantiscientific,impureresults.

B.Itnecessarilyprecedesappliedscience.

C.Itisnotalwaysaspureaswesuppose.

D.Itnecessarilyresultedfromappliedscience.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Purescientistsshouldnotbeblamedforignoringthepracticalsideoftheirdiscoveries.

B.Todayfewpeoplehaveanynotionofthemeaningofscience.

C.Intruesciences,itisnotdifficulttodistinguishfactfromfiction.

D.Practical-mindedpeoplecanunderstandthemeaningandobjectivesofpurescience.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.OnDistinguishingFactfromFiction

B.BiologyandtheScientificAge

C.HypothesesandTheories

D.TheNatureofScience

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段最后一句Justtomaketheexplanationassimpleaspossible,supposescienceisdefinedasclassifiedknowledge.（為了使解釋盡可能簡(jiǎn)單，假設(shè)將科學(xué)定義為分類知識(shí)。），題干中“simply”與原文中“simple”相對(duì)應(yīng)，表示簡(jiǎn)單地將科學(xué)定義為分類知識(shí)。因此C選項(xiàng)“分類知識(shí)”正確。A選項(xiàng)“對(duì)自然和人類的研究”，B選項(xiàng)“試圖提出和證明假設(shè)和理論”和D選項(xiàng)“對(duì)不相關(guān)的自然現(xiàn)象的研究”，文中均沒有提及，所以A，C，D錯(cuò)誤。

2.推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“approach”可以定位到文章第四段，該段介紹了兩種科學(xué)方法，一種是aimedatsatisfyingcuriosity（滿足求知欲）的purescience（純科學(xué)），另一種是aimedatusingknowledgeforspecificpurposes（將知識(shí)用于特定目的）的appliedscience（應(yīng)用科學(xué)），由此可以推斷出題干中“interestedingeneralknowledgeaboutoxygen”（對(duì)氧氣的常識(shí)感興趣）屬于純科學(xué)的范疇。因此C選項(xiàng)“純科學(xué)”正確。A選項(xiàng)“應(yīng)用科學(xué)”是和純科學(xué)相對(duì)的，所以錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“化學(xué)科學(xué)”和D選項(xiàng)“環(huán)境科學(xué)”文中均沒有提及，所以B，D錯(cuò)誤。

3.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章最后一段中theconstructionofthemicroscopehadtoprecedethediscoveryofthecell（顯微鏡的構(gòu)造必須先于細(xì)胞的發(fā)現(xiàn)）和mostknowledgeiseventuallyapplied（大多數(shù)知識(shí)最終都會(huì)得到應(yīng)用），顯微鏡的構(gòu)造是“純科學(xué)”，細(xì)胞的發(fā)現(xiàn)是“應(yīng)用科學(xué)”，從而得知純科學(xué)是先于應(yīng)用科學(xué)的，科學(xué)知識(shí)最終會(huì)得到應(yīng)用。因此B選項(xiàng)“純科學(xué)必然先于應(yīng)用科學(xué)”正確。A選項(xiàng)“它可能導(dǎo)致反科學(xué)、不純的結(jié)果”，C選項(xiàng)“它并不總是像我們想象的那樣純粹”在文中沒有提及，所以A，C錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“它必然來(lái)源于應(yīng)用科學(xué)”，由原文可知，純科學(xué)是先于應(yīng)用科學(xué)的，而不是來(lái)源于應(yīng)用科學(xué)，所以D錯(cuò)誤。

4.推理判斷題。由A選項(xiàng)可以定位到文章最后一段最后一句Manyscientistsdedicatingtheirlivestopurersciencearenotapologeticaboutignoringthepracticalsideoftheirdiscoveries（許多獻(xiàn)身于純科學(xué)的科學(xué)家并不因?yàn)楹鲆暳怂麄儼l(fā)現(xiàn)的實(shí)用性而感到抱歉），意思是純理論科學(xué)家不用因忽視發(fā)現(xiàn)的實(shí)用性而抱歉，因?yàn)榇蟛糠挚茖W(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)最終都會(huì)得到應(yīng)用的。因此A選項(xiàng)“純理論科學(xué)家不應(yīng)因忽視他們發(fā)現(xiàn)的實(shí)用性而受到指責(zé)”正確。由B選項(xiàng)可以定位到文章第一段第一句Thewordscienceisheardsoofteninmoderntimesthatalmosteverybodyhassomenotionofitsmeaning.（科學(xué)這個(gè)詞在現(xiàn)代社會(huì)中經(jīng)常能聽到，以至于幾乎每個(gè)人都對(duì)它的含義有一些概念。），說(shuō)明每個(gè)人或多或少都是對(duì)科學(xué)的含義有一定概念的。所以B選項(xiàng)“如今很少有人對(duì)科學(xué)的意義有概念”錯(cuò)誤。由C選項(xiàng)可以定位到文章第二段第一句Evenintruesciences,distinguishingfactfromfictionisnotalwayseasy.（即使在真正的科學(xué)中，區(qū)分事實(shí)和虛構(gòu)也不總是那么容易。），所以C選項(xiàng)“在真正的科學(xué)中，區(qū)分事實(shí)與虛構(gòu)并不困難”錯(cuò)誤。由D選項(xiàng)可以定位到文章最后一段第一句Sometimespractical-mindedpeoplemissthepointofpurescienceinthinkingonlyofitsimmediateapplicationforeconomicreward.（有時(shí)注重實(shí)際的人忽視了純科學(xué)的意義，只考慮到它立即應(yīng)用于經(jīng)濟(jì)回報(bào)。），說(shuō)明注重實(shí)際的人不能理解純科學(xué)的意義，所以D選項(xiàng)“注重實(shí)際的人能夠理解純科學(xué)的意義和目的”錯(cuò)誤。

5.主旨大意題。文章第一段簡(jiǎn)單說(shuō)明科學(xué)的定義，第二、三段介紹了科學(xué)的立場(chǎng)和目標(biāo)，第四、五段說(shuō)的是科學(xué)的方法和意義，這些都是科學(xué)的“本質(zhì)”，因此D選項(xiàng)“科學(xué)的本質(zhì)”符合題意，可以作為文章標(biāo)題。A選項(xiàng)“關(guān)于區(qū)分事實(shí)與虛構(gòu)”，B選項(xiàng)“生物學(xué)和科學(xué)時(shí)代”，C選項(xiàng)“假設(shè)和理論”都只說(shuō)了文章的某一個(gè)方面，不能完整概括文章，所以A，B，C不能作為文章標(biāo)題。

3.單選題

Churchasweusethewordreferstoallreligiousinstitutions,（）theyChristian,Islamic,Buddhist,Jewish,andsoon.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.be

B.being

C.were

D.are

【答案】A

【解析】考查謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式。句意：我們使用的Church這個(gè)詞指的是所有的宗教機(jī)構(gòu)，無(wú)論是基督教、伊斯蘭教、佛教、猶太教等等。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，前半句中出現(xiàn)了as，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多用be的原形，引導(dǎo)讓步虛擬從句，并且需要倒裝，所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

4.單選題

Alltheoff-shoreoilexplorerswereinhighspiritsastheyread（）lettersfromtheirfamilies.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.sentimental

B.affectionate

C.intimate

D.sensitive

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)sentimental“多愁善感的”；B選項(xiàng)affectionate“深情的，充滿愛的”；C選項(xiàng)intimate“親密的”；D選項(xiàng)sensitive“敏感的”。根據(jù)句意可知，來(lái)自親人的應(yīng)該是深情的，充滿愛的信件，所以選項(xiàng)B符合語(yǔ)境。

5.單選題

Inquiries（）theconditionofpatientsmaybemadepersonallyorbytelephone.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.regarding

B.considering

C.following

D.relating

【答案】A

【解析】考查介詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)regarding“關(guān)于，至于”，B選項(xiàng)considering“考慮到，就...而言”，C選項(xiàng)following“意為下述，由于”，D選項(xiàng)relating“關(guān)聯(lián)，聯(lián)系”，句意：有關(guān)病人情況的詢問(wèn)可親自或電話詢問(wèn)。因此，A選項(xiàng)符合句意。

6.單選題

（）forthetimelyinvestmentfromthegeneralpublic,ourcompanywouldnotbesothrivingasitis.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Haditnotbeen

B.Wereitnot

C.Beitnot

D.Shoulditnotbe

【答案】A

【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣的倒裝。句意：要不是公眾及時(shí)投資，我們公司就不會(huì)像現(xiàn)在這樣繁榮。由此可知，主句和從句發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致，主句是對(duì)現(xiàn)在的虛擬，所以用would+動(dòng)詞原形；從句是對(duì)過(guò)去的虛擬，投資發(fā)生在公司繁榮之前，所以應(yīng)使用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，即had+過(guò)去分詞。虛擬條件句中如果含有助動(dòng)詞should、had和were，可以將if省略，將助動(dòng)詞提前。這里還原應(yīng)該是“Ifithadnotbeenforthetimelyinvestmentfromthegeneralpublic…”，將助動(dòng)詞提前之后就是Haditnotbeen，所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

7.單選題

Manythingsmakepeoplethinkartistsareweirdandtheweirdestmaybethis:artists’onlyjobistoexploreemotions,andyettheychoosetofocusontheonesthatfeelbad.

Thiswasn’talwaysso.Theearliestformsofart,likepaintingandmusic,arethosebestsuitedforexpressingjoy.Butsomewhereinthe19thcentury,moreartistsbeganseeinghappinessasinsipid,phonyor,worstofall,boringaswewentfromWordsworth’sdaffodilstoBaudelaire’sflowersofevil.

Youcouldarguethatartbecamemoreskepticalofhappinessbecausemoderntimeshaveseensuchmisery.Butit’snotasifearliertimesdidn’tknowperpetualwar,disasterandthemassacreofinnocents.Thereason,infact,maybejusttheopposite:thereistoomuchdamnhappinessintheworldtoday.

Afterall,whatistheonemodernformofexpressionalmostcompletelydedicatedtodepictinghappiness?Advertising.Theriseofanti-happyartalmostexactlytrackstheemergenceofmassmedia,andwithit,acommercialcultureinwhichhappinessisnotjustanidealbutanideology.

Peopleinearliererasweresurroundedbyremindersofmisery.Theyworkeduntilexhausted,livedwithfewprotectionsanddiedyoung.IntheWest,beforemasscommunicationandliteracy,themostpowerfulmassmediumwasthechurch,whichremindedworshippersthattheirsoulswereinperilandthattheywouldsomedaybemeatforworms.Givenallthis,theydidnotexactlyneedtheirarttobeabummertoo.

TodaythemessagesyouraverageWesternerisbombardedwitharenotreligiousbutcommercial,andforeverhappy.Fast-foodeaters,newsanchors,textmessengers,allsmiling,smiling.Ourmagazinesfeaturebeamingcelebritiesandhappyfamiliesinperfecthomes.Andsincethesemessageshaveanagenda—tolureustoopenourwallets—theymaketheveryideaofhappinessseemunreliable.“Celebrate!”commandedtheadsforthearthritisdrugCelebrex,beforewefoundoutitcouldincreasetheriskofheartattacks.

Butwhatweforget—whatoureconomydependsonisforgetting—isthathappinessismorethanpleasurewithoutpain.Thethingsthatbringthegreatestjoycarrythegreatestpotentialforlossanddisappointment.Today,surroundedbypromisesofeasyhappiness,weneedsomeonetotellusasreligiononcedid,Mementomori:rememberthatyouwilldie,thateverythingends,andthathappinesscomesnotindenyingthisbutinlivingwithit.It’samessageevenmorebitterthanaclovecigarette,yet,somehow,abreathoffreshair.

1.BycitingtheexampleofpoetsWordsworthandBaudelaire,theauthorintendstoshowthat（）

2.Theword“bummer”(Line4.paragraph5)mostprobablymeanssomething（）.

3.Intheauthor’sopinion,advertising（）.

4.Wecanlearnfromthelastparagraphthattheauthorbelieves（）

5.Whichofthefollowingistrueofthetext?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.poetryisnotasexpressiveofjoyaspaintingormusic.

B.artgrowoutofbothpositiveandnegativefeeling.

C.artisthavechangedtheirfocusofinterest.

D.poetstodayarelessskepticalofhappiness.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.unpleasant

B.religious

C.entertaining

D.commercial

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.emergesinthewakeoftheanti-happypart

B.createsanillusionofhappinessratherthanhappinessitself

C.replacethechurchasamajorsourceofinformation

D.isacauseofdisappointmentforthegeneralpublic

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.happinessmoreoftenthannotendsinsadness.

B.theanti-happyartisdistastefulbyrefreshing.

C.miseryshouldbeenjoyedratherthandenied.

D.theanti-happyartflourisheswheneconomybooms.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Massmediaareinclinedtocoverdisastersanddeaths.

B.Artprovidesabalancebetweenexpectationandreality.

C.Peoplefeeldisappointedattherealitiesofmorality.

D.Religiononcefunctionedasareminderofmisery.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.判斷推理題。題目問(wèn)的是：作者以詩(shī)人華茲華斯和波德萊爾為例，意在說(shuō)明什么？根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“WordsworthandBaudelaire”定位到第二段最后一句Butsomewhereinthe19thcentury,moreartistsbeganseeinghappinessasinsipid,phonyor,worstofall,boringaswewentfromWordsworth’sdaffodilstoBaudelaire’sflowersofevil.（但是在19世紀(jì)的某個(gè)時(shí)候，越來(lái)越多的藝術(shù)家開始認(rèn)為幸福是平淡的、虛假的，或者更糟糕的是，令人厭煩的，這點(diǎn)可以從威廉?華茲華斯的《水仙花》到波德萊爾把鮮花描述為邪惡的轉(zhuǎn)變之中看出。）本段前面的內(nèi)容還提及“最早的藝術(shù)形式，如繪畫和音樂(lè)，是最適合表達(dá)快樂(lè)的”，前后形成對(duì)比構(gòu)成了轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，作者是想表達(dá)藝術(shù)家們改變了他們的關(guān)注點(diǎn)，過(guò)去的藝術(shù)形式是表達(dá)幸福和快樂(lè)，現(xiàn)在是虛假的幸福。所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

2.詞義推斷題。題目問(wèn)的是：下面哪一個(gè)詞與“bummer”意思相近？根據(jù)題干信息定位到第五段最后兩句IntheWest,beforemasscommunicationandliteracy,themostpowerfulmassmediumwasthechurch,whichremindedworshippersthattheirsoulswereinperilandthattheywouldsomedaybemeatforworms.Givenallthis,theydidnotexactlyneedtheirarttobeabummertoo.（在西方的大眾傳媒和教育普及之前，最強(qiáng)大的傳播媒介就是教堂，它提醒信徒，他們的靈魂處于危險(xiǎn)之中，他們總有一天會(huì)成為蠕蟲的食物。考慮到這一切，他們并不需要自己的藝術(shù)也成為一個(gè)失敗者。）關(guān)鍵詞在于“too”，由此可推測(cè)“bummer”的意思與上一句有關(guān)聯(lián)，表示的是消極負(fù)面的意義，所以選項(xiàng)A與之意思最為接近。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是：作者認(rèn)為廣告是怎樣的？根據(jù)第六段的倒數(shù)第二句Andsincethesemessageshaveanagenda—tolureustoopenourwallets—theymaketheveryideaofhappinessseemunreliable.（而且，由于這些信息都有一個(gè)目的——引誘我們打開錢包——它們使幸福的概念看起來(lái)并不可靠。）由此可知，B選項(xiàng)“制造幸福的幻覺，而不是幸福本身”正確。

4.判斷推理題。題目問(wèn)的是：我們可以從最后一段了解到，作者相信什么？根據(jù)本段的最后一句It’samessageevenmorebitterthanaclovecigarette,yet,somehow,abreathoffreshair.（這——指的是反幸福的藝術(shù)——是一個(gè)比丁香香煙更苦澀的信息，但不知怎的，卻是一股新鮮空氣。）由此可知，B選項(xiàng)與原文表述一致，所以正確。

5.判斷推理題。題目問(wèn)的是：下列哪一個(gè)選項(xiàng)是正確的？A選項(xiàng)：大眾媒體傾向于報(bào)道災(zāi)難和死亡；B選項(xiàng)：藝術(shù)提供了期望和現(xiàn)實(shí)之間的平衡；C選項(xiàng)：人們對(duì)道德的現(xiàn)實(shí)感到失望；D選項(xiàng)：宗教曾起到提醒痛苦的作用。選項(xiàng)A、B、C在原文均沒有信息提及，只有D選項(xiàng)在原文最后一段提及，所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

8.單選題

Beingabletospeaktwolanguagesfluentlyisnotenoughforapersontobecomea（）interpreter.Learninghowtospeakandlistenisalsoessential.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.tranquil

B.futile

C.merciful

D.simultaneous

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)tranquil“平靜的”；B選項(xiàng)futile“無(wú)效的”；C選項(xiàng)merciful“仁慈的”；D選項(xiàng)simultaneous“同時(shí)的”。句意：能夠流利地說(shuō)兩種語(yǔ)言是不足以讓一個(gè)人成為同聲口譯員的。學(xué)會(huì)說(shuō)和聽也很重要。本句表示同聲傳譯。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Thesebooks,whichyoucangetatanybookstore,willgiveyou（）youneed.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.alltheinformation

B.alltheinformations

C.allofinformation

D.alloftheinformations

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。information是不可數(shù)名詞，復(fù)數(shù)形式后面不能加s，所以B、D錯(cuò)誤。allof后面接不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，名詞前必須要有定冠詞the，所以C錯(cuò)誤。因此A選項(xiàng)alltheinformation正確。

10.單選題

Thepoorgirlcouldn’t（）fromhertearsanymorewhenhermothershowedup.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.remain

B.refrain

C.maintain

D.strain

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)remain“保持，停留”，B選項(xiàng)refrain“克制，節(jié)制，避免”，C選項(xiàng)maintain“維持，保持”，D選項(xiàng)strain“擔(dān)憂，壓力”。句意：當(dāng)她母親出現(xiàn)時(shí)，這個(gè)可憐的女孩再也忍不住流淚了。因此，B選項(xiàng)符合句意。

11.單選題

Tomysurprise,theyoungmanwasresourcefulenoughtofindinfinitewaystoexpresshisemotionswithgestures.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.plentiful

B.versatile

C.imaginary

D.imaginative

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)plentiful“豐富的”；B選項(xiàng)versatile“多才多藝的”；C選項(xiàng)imaginary“想象的”；D選項(xiàng)imaginative“富有想象力的”。句意：令我驚訝的是，這個(gè)年輕人竟然足夠機(jī)智，能用手勢(shì)來(lái)表達(dá)自己的情感。劃線部分resourceful是機(jī)智的、資源豐富的意思。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

Thisbookisabouthowthesebasicbeliefsandvaluesaffectimportant（）ofAmericanlife.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.facets

B.formats

C.formulas

D.fashions

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)facets“方面”；B選項(xiàng)formats“構(gòu)成”；C選項(xiàng)formulas“方案”；D選項(xiàng)fashions“風(fēng)尚”。句意：這本書是關(guān)于這些基本信念和價(jià)值觀如何影響美國(guó)生活的重要方面。本句表示美國(guó)生活的重要方面。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

13.翻譯題

在西方，啟蒙思想的支撐源于人們對(duì)于客觀規(guī)律的認(rèn)知，如哥白尼的“日心說(shuō)”、牛頓的“萬(wàn)有引力”、伽利略的“宇宙論”等，認(rèn)為整個(gè)宇宙中的一切物體都遵守同一定律，進(jìn)而沖破千年的宗教束縛，將這一一理性思考引入了人類社會(huì)，從而開創(chuàng)了一個(gè)不斷進(jìn)取的新時(shí)代。在中國(guó)，幾千年的封建農(nóng)業(yè)社會(huì)，使得科技落后、法治傳統(tǒng)缺乏，只是受到近代西方啟蒙思想(包括馬克思主義)的影響，才引入了科學(xué)、民主、法治的概念，開始與世界文明接軌。

【答案】Inthewest,theenlightenmentofthesupportfromthepeoplefortheobjectivelawsofcognition,suchasCopernicus’heliocentrictheory,“gravity”ofNewton,Galileo’s“cosmology”etc,thinkthateverythingintheuniversearesubjecttothesamelaw,toshakeofftheyokeofthereligioninonethousandwillbetheonetothinkrationallytheintroductionofhumansociety,whichopenedaneweraofcontinuousimprovement.InChina,thethousandsofyearsoffeudalagriculturalsocietymadescienceandtechnologybackwardandthetraditionofruleoflawlacking.Itwasonlyundertheinfluenceofmodernwesternenlightenmentthoughts(includingMarxism)thattheconceptsofscience,democracyandruleoflawwereintroducedandbegantoconnectwiththeworldcivilization.

14.單選題

Afternewspaperreportsclaimedthecompanywasdumpingtoxicwasteillegally.Itcameunder（）fromtheauthorities.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.insult

B.solitude

C.nuisance

D.scrutiny

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)insult“侮辱”；B選項(xiàng)solitude“孤獨(dú)”；C選項(xiàng)nuisance“損害”；D選項(xiàng)scrutiny“詳細(xì)審查”。句意：在報(bào)紙報(bào)道這家公司非法傾倒有毒廢料之后，它受到了當(dāng)局的審查。本句表示公司受到審查。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

Withonlyabout1000pandasleftintheworld,Chinaisdesperatelytryingtoclonetheanimalandsavetheendangeredspecies.That’smovesimilartowhataTexasA&MUniversityresearcherhasbeenundertakingforthepastfiveyearsinaprojectcalled“Noah’sArk”.

Dr.DuaneKraemer,aprofessorinTexasA&M’sCollegeofVeterinaryMedicineandapioneerinembryotransferworkandrelatedprocedures,sayshesalutestheChineseeffortand“Iwishthemallthebestsuccesspossible.It’saworthwhileproject,certainlynotaneasyone,andit’sverymuchlikewhatwe’reattemptinghereatTexasA&M—tosaveanimalsfromextinction.”

Noah’sArkisaimedatcollectingeggs,embryos,semenandDNAofendangeredanimalsandstoringtheminliquidnitrogen.Ifcertainspeciesshouldbecomeextinct.Kraemersaystherewouldbeenoughofthebasicbuildingblockstoreintroducethespeciesinthefuture.

Itisestimatedthatasmanyas2000speciesofmammals,birdsandreptileswillbecomeextinctoverthenext100years.Thepanda,nativeonlytoChina,isindangerofbecomingextinctinthenext25years.

Thisweek,ChinesescientistssaidtheygrewanembryobyintroducingcellsfromadeadfemalepandaintotheeggcellsofaJapanesewhiterabbit.Theyarenowtryingtoimplanttheembryointoahostanimal.

Theentireprocedurecouldtakefromthreetofiveyearstocomplete.

“Thenucleartransferofonespeciestoanotherisnoteasy,andthelackofavailablepandaeggscouldbeamajorproblem,”Kraemerbelieves.“Theywillprobablyhavetodoseveralhundredtransferstoresultinonepregnancy.Ittakesalongtimeandit’sdifficult,butthiscouldbegroundbreakingscienceifitworks.Theyarecertainlynotputtinganylivepandasatrisk,soitisworththeeffort,”addsKraemer,whoisoneoftheleadersoftheMissyplicityProjectatTexasA&M,thefirst-everattemptatcloningadog.

“Theyaretryingtodosomethingthat’sneverbeendone,andthisisverysimilartoourworkinNoah’sArk.We’rebothtryingtosaveanimalsthatfaceextinction.Icertainlyapplaudtheireffortandthere’salotwecanlearnfromwhattheyareattemptingtodo.It’saresearchthatisverymuchneeded.”

1.Theaimof“Noah’sArk”projectisto（）.

2.Theword“groundbreaking”(Paragraph7)canbeinterpreted（）.

3.WhatcouldbethemajorproblemincloningpandasaccordingtoProfessorKraemer?

4.Thebesttitleforthepassagemaybe（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.implantembryointoahostanimal

B.salutetheChineseeffortsinsavingpandas

C.saveendangeredanimalsfromextinction

D.introducecellsfromadeadfemalepandaintotheeggcellsofaJapanesewhiterabbit

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.essentiallynew

B.pioneering

C.evolutionary

D.epoch-making

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Lackofavailablepandaeggs.

B.Lackofhostanimals.

C.Lackofqualifiedresearchers.

D.Lackoffunds.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.China-theNativePlaceofPandasForever

B.China’sEffortstoClonePandas

C.China’sFirstClonedPanda

D.ExploringthePossibilitytoClonePandas

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:B

【解析】1.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“aim”可以定位到文章第三段Noah’sArkisaimedatcollectingeggs,embryos,semenandDNAofendangeredanimalsandstoringtheminliquidnitrogen.Ifcertainspeciesshouldbecomeextinct.Kraemersaystherewouldbeenoughofthebasicbuildingblockstoreintroducethespeciesinthefuture.（諾亞方舟的目標(biāo)是收集瀕危動(dòng)物的卵子、胚胎、精液和DNA，并將它們儲(chǔ)存在液氮中。如果某些物種滅絕，克雷默說(shuō)，未來(lái)將會(huì)有足夠的基本構(gòu)件來(lái)重新引入這個(gè)物種。），說(shuō)明諾亞方舟項(xiàng)目的目標(biāo)是拯救瀕危動(dòng)物。因此C選項(xiàng)“拯救瀕臨滅絕的動(dòng)物”正確。由A選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞“implantembryo”可以定位到文章第五段最后一句Theyarenowtryingtoimplanttheembryointoahostanimal.（他們現(xiàn)在正試圖將胚胎植入宿主動(dòng)物體內(nèi)。），這是中國(guó)科學(xué)家的做法，不是諾亞方舟項(xiàng)目的目標(biāo)，所以A選項(xiàng)“將胚胎植入宿主動(dòng)物體內(nèi)”錯(cuò)誤。由B選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞“salute”可以定位到文章第二段第一句hesalutestheChineseeffortand“Iwishthemallthebestsuccesspossible.（他對(duì)中國(guó)的努力表示敬意，并說(shuō)“我祝愿他們?nèi)〉米詈玫某晒??！保?，這是克雷默博士對(duì)中國(guó)拯救大熊貓努力的態(tài)度，而不是諾亞方舟項(xiàng)目的目標(biāo)，所以B選項(xiàng)“向中國(guó)拯救大熊貓的努力致敬”錯(cuò)誤。由D選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞“introducecells”可以定位到文章第五段第一句ChinesescientistssaidtheygrewanembryobyintroducingcellsfromadeadfemalepandaintotheeggcellsofaJapanesewhiterabbit.（中國(guó)科學(xué)家表示，他們將一只死去的雌性熊貓的細(xì)胞引入一只日本白兔的卵細(xì)胞中，培育出了一個(gè)胚胎。），這是中國(guó)科學(xué)家的做法，不是諾亞方舟項(xiàng)目的目標(biāo)，所以D選項(xiàng)“將死亡雌性熊貓的細(xì)胞導(dǎo)入日本白兔的卵細(xì)胞”錯(cuò)誤。

2.語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“groundbreaking”可以定位到文章第七段第三句Ittakesalongtimeandit’sdifficult,butthiscouldbegroundbreakingscienceifitworks.（這需要很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，也很困難，但如果成功的話，這可能將會(huì)成為科學(xué)史上的開拓。），這是科學(xué)上的一次開創(chuàng)性舉措，因此B選項(xiàng)“首創(chuàng)的；先驅(qū)的”正確。A選項(xiàng)“本質(zhì)上新的”，C選項(xiàng)“進(jìn)化的”，D選項(xiàng)“劃時(shí)代的”均沒有開創(chuàng)、先驅(qū)的意思，所以A，C，D錯(cuò)誤。

3.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“majorproblem”可以定位到文章第七段第一句“Thenucleartransferofonespeciestoanotherisnoteasy,andthelackofavailablepandaeggscouldbeamajorproblem,”Kraemerbelieves.（克雷默認(rèn)為：“將一個(gè)物種的細(xì)胞核移植到另一個(gè)物種并不容易，而且缺乏可用的熊貓卵子可能是一個(gè)主要問(wèn)題。”）說(shuō)明克隆大熊貓的主要問(wèn)題是缺乏熊貓的卵子。因此A選項(xiàng)“缺少可用的熊貓卵子”正確。B選項(xiàng)“缺乏宿主動(dòng)物”，C選項(xiàng)“缺乏合格的研究人員”，D選項(xiàng)“缺乏資金”在文中均沒有提及，所以B，C，D錯(cuò)誤。

4.主旨大意題。文章主要圍繞中國(guó)開展的克隆大熊貓的項(xiàng)目展開，首先說(shuō)到中國(guó)克隆大熊貓的努力和諾亞方舟項(xiàng)目很相似，接著介紹了中國(guó)嘗試克隆大熊貓的具體舉措，最后說(shuō)到這項(xiàng)研究是很值得、很有必要的。因此B選項(xiàng)“中國(guó)克隆大熊貓的努力”最適合作為文章的標(biāo)題。A選項(xiàng)“中國(guó)——熊貓的故鄉(xiāng)”沒有說(shuō)到中國(guó)正在努力克隆熊貓，所以A錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“中國(guó)第一只克隆熊貓”，中國(guó)現(xiàn)在還沒有成功克隆出熊貓，所以C錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“探索克隆熊貓的可能性”沒有提到中國(guó)做出的努力，所以D錯(cuò)誤。

16.單選題

ThereareAmericanswhovisitFranceandcomebacksaying“theFrencharesorude.”Ifeeldifferently.IthinkAmericansperceiveFrenchbehavior“rude”becauseitdoesn'tfollowAmericanrules.Youcan'tassumethateveryoneinFranceshouldspeakEnglish.Youcan'tapproachaFrenchstrangerwithabigAmericanhelloand“howareyou”andexpectthemtorespondinkind.However,ifyoulookthemintheeye,giveaslightnodwithagentlehello,theywillr