2022年考研考博-考博英語-南京師范大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號12

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-南京師范大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Withoutapropereducation,peoplecould（）allkindsofcrimes.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.conduct

B.stoop

C.commit

D.sweat

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。conduct“組織，實(shí)施”；stoop“辱沒，墮落”；commit“犯罪”；sweat“出汗”。commitcrimes犯罪，故C項(xiàng)正確。句意：如果沒有接受合適的教育，人們可能會進(jìn)行各種犯罪活動。

2.單選題

Theadvancementofscienceandtechnologyhasdemonstratedthatafactappearingtocontradicttocertaintheorymayactuallybe（）amoreadvancedformulationofthattheory.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.consistentwith

B.eliminatedby

C.inoppositionto

D.incompatiblewith

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。beconsistentwith與…一致，符合；inoppositionto與…相反；beincompatiblewith與…不相容的；句意：先進(jìn)的科學(xué)技術(shù)證明了如果一個(gè)看似與某一理論相悖的事實(shí)，實(shí)際可能與一個(gè)更先進(jìn)的理論形式相符。由actually可知前后有相反的意味，故此空意思應(yīng)與contradict意義相反，故A項(xiàng)正確。

3.翻譯題

現(xiàn)在大學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)壓力相當(dāng)重。除了大四，他們開始找工作了，其余的學(xué)生總是忙.于學(xué)習(xí)，而不愿參加團(tuán)體和俱樂部，不愿參加體育鍛煉和其他課外活動，不愿與他們的朋友玩玩，不愿關(guān)心和學(xué)習(xí)沒有關(guān)系的事情。總之，他們就像一個(gè)機(jī)器人。壓力大，時(shí)間少，功課多?？吹酵瑢嬍依锏娜硕忌蠄D書館去學(xué)習(xí)，到深夜閉館才回，而自己卻去看電影，他們就會有一種內(nèi)疚感。一想到白天什么事都不干，就感到不安，會整夜因此睡不著覺。他們學(xué)習(xí)太緊張，幾乎沒有吋間好好品嘗生活，干些其他事，成為一個(gè)全而發(fā)展的人。

【答案】Nowadays,collegestudents'learningpressureisquiteheavy.Inadditiontothesenioryear,theystartlookingforajob.Therestofthemarealwaysbusy,ratherthantakepartinthecampusgroupsandclubs.Theydonotenjoytakingpartinphysicalexerciseandotherextracurricularactivities,orplayingwiththeirfriends,orcaringaboutandlearningthingsthathavenorelationshipwithstudy.Allinall,theyarelikerobotswithhugestress,lessleisuretimeandpilesofworks.Theywouldfeelguiltwhentheyseeeveryoneinthedormitorygoestothelibrarytostudyandcomebackuntilitcloseslateintothenightwhiletheygotothemovies.Thethoughtofdoingnothingduringthedaymakesthemupsetandbringsawhitenight.Theystudysohardthattheyhardlyhavetheluxurytimeoftastinglifeanddoingotherthingstobecomefullydevelopedpeople.

4.單選題

You’reresponsibleto（）isinchargeofsales.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.who

B.whom

C.whoever

D.that

【答案】C

【解析】考查引導(dǎo)詞。該空在從句中作主語，并引導(dǎo)主語從句。who表示人，常引導(dǎo)賓語從句，但不引導(dǎo)主語從句；而whoever表示“無論是誰”(anyonewho)，可引導(dǎo)主語從句。故C項(xiàng)正確。句意：你對任何負(fù)責(zé)銷售的人負(fù)責(zé)。

5.單選題

Nobodyknows（）howmanypeoplearetobeblameforthecoal-mineaccident,sothegovernmentistryingtofindoutthewholetruthabouttheaccident.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.inwardly

B.honestly

C.cleverly

D.precisely

【答案】D

【解析】考查副詞辨析。inwardly“向內(nèi)地，在內(nèi)部”；honestly“真誠地，公正地”；cleverly“聰明地”；precisely“精確地，恰恰”。句意：沒有人（）知道有多少人要為煤礦事故負(fù)責(zé)，所以政府正嘗試查明整個(gè)事故的全部真相。由后半句“政府決定查明整個(gè)事情的真相”可推知沒有人非常準(zhǔn)確地知道這個(gè)事故。故D項(xiàng)符合句意。

6.填空題

Lifeisfullofdangersandsurprise.Yourhousemayburndown.Youmayfalloutofthewindowandbreakyourneck.Miceandbeetlesmayeatyourfloorsothatyoudropintotheflatbelowforanuninvitedcupoftea.1.（）.

Youcannotalwayspreventdisasters,butyoucaninsureagainstthem.Mostformsofinsurancearevoluntary-itisuptoyouwhetheryoutakeoutapolicyornot.Butsomeformsarecompulsory.2.（）.The“parties”toanagreement,orcontract,aretheindividualsorgroupsconcerned.Withthird-partymotorinsurance,thethreepartiesare（i）youyourself,（ii）yourinsurancecompany,and（iii）anybodyelse---forexample,themanwhoseJaguarhasjustsmashedupyourMini.Third-partyinsurancedoesnotcoverfire,theftoranythingelse.Itisintendedonlytoprotectroadusersfromeachother.3.（）.

AnotherformofcompulsoryinsuranceisNationalInsurance.Everybodyover16earningmoneyonaregularbasismustpayasumeachweektothestate.TheseweeklycontributionscoverpartofthecostoftheNationalHealthServiceandtheothersocialservicebenefits,e.g.unemploymentbenefits,sicknessbenefits,old-agepensions,industrialinjurybenefitsandsoon.Youmustbeabletoproveyouhavepaidyourcontributions,soyoumusthaveacard（keptbyyouremployerunlessyouareself-employeD.ontowhichstampsarestuckeveryweek.Ofcourse,youcantakeoutprivatehealthinsuranceaswellifyouwish,butyoumuststillpayyourstatecontributions.

Thereare,ofcourse,manyinsurancecompaniesinBritain,bothlargeandsmall.ButthereisalsoaratherspecialorganizationcalledLloyd’s,whichstartedasacoffee-houseinlate17lhcentury.Lloyd’sisasocietyofaroundsixthousandmembers-allofthemunderwriters-andisadministeredbyacommitteecontrolledbyActofParliament.4.（）.YouhavetogotoaninsurancebrokerwhowillthencontactamemberofLloyd’sforyou.Ifyouwanttoinsuresomethingexpensive---likeafleetofJumbojets,forexample-yourbrokerwillprobablyhavetocontactasyndicateofunderwritersbecausetheriskswouldbetoohighforonemantocover.

Lloyd'swillprobablyinsureyouagainstanyriskatall---providedyouarepreparedtopaythepremiums.5.（）.Maybeclownsinsuretheirnoses.Youneverknow-anythingmayhappen.

【答案】1.G

2.C

3.E

4.D

5.A

【解析】1.第一段列舉了一些可能發(fā)生的危險(xiǎn)的例子，比如房子燒毀，地板被老鼠和甲蟲吃掉等。此空作為第一段的最后一句，G項(xiàng)“一切都有可能發(fā)生，”與第一句呼應(yīng)。

2.由Butsomeformsarecompulsory.但有些形式的保險(xiǎn)是強(qiáng)制性的?？芍酉聛淼膬?nèi)容會講到強(qiáng)制性的保險(xiǎn)。而C項(xiàng)正好是一個(gè)強(qiáng)制性保險(xiǎn)的例子。故C項(xiàng)正確。

3.由空前的“Itisintendedonlytoprotectroadusersfromeachother.第三方保險(xiǎn)只是為了保護(hù)道路使用者免受他人的傷害?！笨芍@種保險(xiǎn)有局限性，E項(xiàng)中的comprehensive與原文中的only很自然地形成對比。故E項(xiàng)正確。句意：如果你想為可能發(fā)生在你或你的車身上的所有其他可怕的事情投保，你可以買一份綜合保險(xiǎn)。

4.上文提到Lloyd's是一個(gè)6000人組成的團(tuán)體，并且受委員會管制。故空格處如果填D項(xiàng)“Lloyd's不是一般意義上的保險(xiǎn)公司，而是一個(gè)保險(xiǎn)市場，你不能直接和它做生意。”能與上下文自然地銜接。

5.空前提到“只要你繳納保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)，Lloyd's會保護(hù)你的一切危險(xiǎn)。”接下來空格后舉例“小丑可能會為他的鼻子買保險(xiǎn)”。而A項(xiàng)“鋼琴家會為他們的手買保險(xiǎn)”正好與下文的例子構(gòu)成并列關(guān)系，并且是對上文的論證。故A項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Youaren'tgoingtothelibrary,areyou?（）,I’mnotgoingtothelibrary.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Yes

B.No

C.OK

D.Allright

【答案】B

【解析】考查反義疑問句。反義疑問句的回答根據(jù)實(shí)際情況作答，空格后為否定的情況，故用No.B項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Towriteasummaryeffectively,youwillneedto—（）wordsforphrases,phrasesforsentences,andgeneralentrancesforlistsofdetails.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.convert

B.complement

C.substitute

D.constitute

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。convert轉(zhuǎn)換,使轉(zhuǎn)變；complement補(bǔ)足，補(bǔ)助；substitute代替；constitute組成，構(gòu)成。substitutefor代替。句意：為了寫好一篇摘要，你需要用單詞替代短語，用短語替代句子，用主旨替代細(xì)節(jié)。故C項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Thevalueofabusinessincreasinglyliesnotinphysicalandfinancialassetsthatareonthebalancesheet,butinintangibles:brands,patents,franchises,software,researchprograms,ideasandexpertise.Fewfirmstrytomeasurereturnsontheseassets,letalonepublishinformationonthem.Yettheyareoftenwhatunderliesafirm'ssuccess.“Ourprimaryassets,whichareoursoftwareandoursoftware-developmentskills,donotshowuponthebalancesheetatall,”saysMicrosoft’sboss,BillGates.“Thisisprobablynotveryenlighteningfromapurelyaccountingpointofview.”

Asignthatcompaniesdonotmeasuretheirassetsproperlymaybethegrowinggapbetweentheirstock-marketvalueandthebookvalueoftheirassets.Between1973and1993,themedianratioofmarketvaluestobookvaluesofAmericanpubliccompaniesdoubles;thedifferencehasgrownwithaboominhigh-techshares.Thegapisbiggestforcompaniesthathavemostrapidlyboostedspendingonresearchanddevelopment（R&D）.Evenwithinindustries,thedivergence（分歧）betweenstock-marketreturnsandreportedearningshasincreased.

Youmightthinkthiswouldpresentaproblemforinvestors,whonolongerhaveagoodwayoftellingwhetherthemarketvalueofacompanyissoundlybased.Yetinvestorsseemtoknowinstinctivelythatknowledgeisvaluable.35.AstudyhasfoundthatthesharepriceofAmericanmultinationalsthatspendheavilyonR&Driseswhentheybuyforeignsubsidiaries,butitfallswhenamultinationalwithlowR&Dspendingbuysabroad.Presumablyinvestorsunderstandthatcompaniesinknowledge-basedbusinessescanexploitthemagicofrisingreturnstoscale.Onceapillorasoftwareprogramisdeveloped,eachextrasalebringsinmoremoneyatlittleextracost:thebiggerthemarket,thegreatertheprofits.

Infact,theabsenceofgoodmeasuresmaybotherthosewhorunfirmsmorethanthosewhoinvestinthem.Formanagers,thebigproblemishowtojudgeratesofreturn.Withbuildingafactory,therearetime-honoredmethodsforcalculatingthepayback.ButwhatifyouareinvestinginR&Dorsoftware,ordecidingwhethertobuybetterpeopleortotrainmore?Therearen’ttoolsformakingsuchdecisions.

1.Theintangiblesofacompanyarereflectedin（）.

2.WhatcanweinferaboutMicrosoft?

3.WhydoesthesharepriceofAmericanmultinationalsrise?

4.Aninvestorwhobuysstocksofacompanyinknowledge-basedbusinessesbaseshisecisionon（）.

5.Thephrase“suchdecisionsn（Para.4）refersto（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.physicalandfinancialassets

B.stock-marketvalue

C.thebalancesheet

D.thedifferencebetweenthestock-marketvalueandthebookvalue

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Ithasnobook-valueassets.

B.Itsstock-marketvalueequalsitsbookvalue.

C.There’sagreatgapbetweenitsstock-marketvalueandbookvalue.

D.Itsstock-marketvaluedoesnotreflectthecompany’srealvalue

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Becausetheybuyforeignsubsidiaries

B.Becausetheyinvestmuchinintangibleassets.

C.BecausetheyhavelowR&Dspending

D.Becausetheinvestorsknowthemethodsforcalculatingthepaybackofknowledge-basedbusinesses

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.purespeculation（投機(jī)）

B.thecompany’sbookvalue

C.whetherthecompanybuysforeignsubsidiaries

D.theprospectthatitsresearchwilltranslateintolowcostproducts

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.unningfirmsinknowledge-basedbusinesses

B.nvestinginfirmsinknowledge-basedbusinesses

C.udgingratesofreturnonfirmsinknowledge-basedbusinesses

D.alculatingreturnsonanewly-builtfactory

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由第一段“Thevalueofabusinessincreasinglyliesnotinphysicalandfinancialassetsthatareonthebalancesheet,butinintangibles:brands,patents,franchises,software,researchprograms,ideasandexpertise.企業(yè)的價(jià)值越來越不在于資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表上的有形資產(chǎn)和金融資產(chǎn)，而在于無形資產(chǎn)：品牌、專利、特許經(jīng)營權(quán)、軟件、研究項(xiàng)目、創(chuàng)意和專業(yè)技能?？芍狝BC三項(xiàng)都不對。故D項(xiàng)正確。

2.推理判斷題。由第一段“Ourprimaryassets,whichareoursoftwareandoursoftware-developmentskills,donotshowuponthebalancesheetatall,”saysMicrosoft’sboss,BillGates.“Thisisprobablynotveryenlighteningfromapurelyaccountingpointofview.我們的主要資產(chǎn)，也就是我們的軟件和軟件開發(fā)技能，根本沒有出現(xiàn)在資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表上。“從純粹的會計(jì)角度來看，這可能不是很有啟發(fā)性?！笨芍狣項(xiàng)“其股票市值并不能反映公司的實(shí)際價(jià)值”正確。

3.推理判斷題。由第三段“AstudyhasfoundthatthesharepriceofAmericanmultinationalsthatspendheavilyonR&Driseswhentheybuyforeignsubsidiaries,butitfallswhenamultinationalwithlowR&Dspendingbuysabroad.一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，在研發(fā)上投入巨資的美國跨國公司在收購?fù)鈬庸緯r(shí)，其股價(jià)會上漲，但當(dāng)研發(fā)支出較低的跨國公司在海外收購時(shí)，其股價(jià)會下跌?？芍鐕驹谑召徍Ｍ庾庸緯r(shí)，股價(jià)的升降取決于該公司在研發(fā)方面的投入力度，也就是對無形資產(chǎn)的投入力度。故B項(xiàng)正確。

4.推理判斷題。由第三段“Presumablyinvestorsunderstandthatcompaniesinknowledge-basedbusinessescanexploitthemagicofrisingreturnstoscale.Onceapillorasoftwareprogramisdeveloped,eachextrasalebringsinmoremoneyatlittleextracost:thebiggerthemarket,thegreatertheprofits.想必投資者明白，在以知識為基礎(chǔ)的企業(yè)中，企業(yè)可以利用不斷增長的回報(bào)來擴(kuò)大規(guī)模。一旦開發(fā)出一種藥丸或一個(gè)軟件程序，每一筆額外銷售都能以很少的額外成本帶來更多的收入：市場越大，利潤就越大?！笨芍狣項(xiàng)“其研究成果轉(zhuǎn)化為低成本產(chǎn)品的前景”正確。

5.詞義題。聯(lián)系上下文“Formanagers,thebigproblemishowtojudgeratesofreturn.Withbuildingafactory,therearetime-honoredmethodsforcalculatingthepayback.ButwhatifyouareinvestinginR&Dorsoftware,ordecidingwhethertobuybetterpeopleortotrainmore?Therearen’ttoolsformakingsuchdecisions.對于經(jīng)理來說，最大的問題是如何判斷回報(bào)率。建造一個(gè)工廠，有計(jì)算回報(bào)的歷史悠久的方法。但如果你投資于研發(fā)或軟件，或者決定是雇傭更好的人或者培訓(xùn)更多的人呢?沒有工具來做這樣的決定?？芍猻uchdecisions指代在知識型企業(yè)如何判斷回報(bào)率的問題。故C項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

What,besideschildren,connectsmothersaroundtheworldandacrosstheseasoftime?It’schickensoup,oneprominentAmericanfoodexpertsays.

FromRussianvillagestoAfricaandAsia,chickensouphasbeentheremedyforthoseweakinbodyandspirit.MotherspasstheirknowledgeontoancientwritersofGreece,ChinaandRome,andeventhe12thcenturyphilosopherandphysicianMosesMainmidesextolleditsvirtues.

Amongtheancients,Aristotlethoughtpoultryshouldstandinhigherestimationthanfour-leggedanimalsbecausetheairislessdensethantheearth.Chickensgotanotherboost（吹捧）inthebookofGenesis,whereitiswrittenthatbirdsandfishwerecreatedonthefifthday,adaybeforefour-leggedanimals.ButaccordingtoMimiSheraton,whohasspentmuchofthepastthreeyearsexploringtheworldofchickensoup,muchofthereasonforchicken’srealorimaginedcurativepowerscomesfromitscolor.

Hernewbook,“TheWholeWorldLovesChickenSoup”，looksatthebelovedandmysteriousbrew,withdozensofrecipesfromaroundtheworld.“Throughouttheages,"shesaid,“therehasbeenalotoffeelingthatwhite-coloredfoodsareeasiertoeatfortheweak-womenandtheill.Inaddition,“soup,oranythingforthatmattereatenwithaspoon”areconsidered“comfortfoods.”Sheratonsaid.

“IlovesoupandlovemakingsoupandasIwascollectingrecipesIbegantoseethisasaninternationaldish...Ithasauniversalmystiqueassomethingcurative,astrengthbuilder.”SheratonsaidfromherNewYorkhome.

Herbooktreatstheoldestremedyasifitwasbrandnew.TheNationalBroilerCouncil,thetradegrouprepresentingthechickenindustry,reportedthat51percentofthepeopleitsurveyedsaidtheyboughtchickenbecauseitwashealthier,50percentsaiditwasversatile,41percentsaiditwaseconomicaland46percentsaiditwaslowinfat.

1.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?

2.Sinceancienttimes,thevalueofchickensoup（）.

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnottrue?

4.Chickensouphascurativepowersmainlyfor（）accordingtoSheraton.

5.Itcanbesaidfromthesurveythatchickenis（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ProminentAmericanFoods

B.HistoryofthechickenSoup

C.ChickenSoupRecipes

D.ChickenSoup,aUniversalCure-all

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.hasbeenover-estimated

B.hasbeenwidelyacknowledged

C.hasbeenappreciatedonlybyphilosophers

D.hasbeenknownonlytomothers

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Chickensouphasaverylonghistory.

B.Sinceancienttimes,chickensouphasbeenahomeremedy.

C.Poultryusuallystandshigherthanfour-leggedanimals.

D.Four-leggedanimalsweresaidtobecreatedonthesixthday.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.itscolor

B.itstaste

C.itsflavor

D.itsrecipe

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.amaindish

B.apopularfood

C.cheaperthananyotherfood

D.Alloftheabove

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。全文從不同角度，從古至今，講述了雞湯的好處。故D項(xiàng)正確。

2.推理判斷題。由第二段FromRussianvillagestoAfricaandAsia,chickensouphasbeentheremedyforthoseweakinbodyandspirit.MotherspasstheirknowledgeontoancientwritersofGreece,ChinaandRome,andeventhe12thcenturyphilosopherandphysicianMosesMainmidesextolleditsvirtues.從俄羅斯的村莊到非洲和亞洲，雞湯一直是那些身體和精神虛弱的人的良藥。母親們把她們的知識傳給了古希臘、中國和羅馬的古代作家，甚至12世紀(jì)的哲學(xué)家和醫(yī)生摩西?梅因米德斯(MosesMainmides)也贊美這種美德。由此可知從古代開始雞湯的價(jià)值就為人所知。故B項(xiàng)正確。

3.推理判斷題。由第三段Amongtheancients,Aristotlethoughtpoultryshouldstandinhigherestimationthanfour-leggedanimalsbecausetheairislessdensethantheearth.在古代，亞里士多德認(rèn)為家禽應(yīng)該比四條腿的動物站得更高，因?yàn)榭諝獾拿芏缺鹊厍蛐　？芍@只是亞里士多德的猜測，不是事實(shí)。故C項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第三段“ButaccordingtoMimiSheraton,whohasspentmuchofthepastthreeyearsexploringtheworldofchickensoup,muchofthereasonforchicken’srealorimaginedcurativepowerscomesfromitscolor.但在過去3年的大部分時(shí)間里，MimiSheraton一直在探索雞湯的世界。他表示，雞肉之所以具有真正的或想象中的療效，在很大程度上是因?yàn)樗念伾？芍猄heraton認(rèn)為雞湯具有如此強(qiáng)大的療效在于它的顏色。故A項(xiàng)正確。

5.推理判斷題。由最后一段“51percentofthepeopleitsurveyedsaidtheyboughtchickenbecauseitwashealthier,50percentsaiditwasversatile,41percentsaiditwaseconomicaland46percentsaiditwaslowinfat.51%的受訪者說他們買雞肉是因?yàn)殡u肉更健康，50%的人說雞肉有多種用途，41%的人說雞肉很經(jīng)濟(jì)，46%的人說雞肉脂肪含量低?！笨芍芏嗳速徺I雞肉，并且購買的原因也多樣化，恰好說明了雞肉成為一種受歡迎的食物。故B項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Intheeveningtheymetatthehotel,bothcontentwiththeirday,happytoeata（）mealtogetheranddancealittleafterwards.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.manually

B.causally

C.leisurely

D.vigorously

【答案】C

【解析】考查副詞辨析。manually“手動地”；causally“有原因地”；leisurely“休閑地，從容地”；vigorously“精神旺盛地，活潑地”。句意：晚上他們在酒店碰面，對這一天都很滿足，他們開心地一起吃了一頓（）的晚餐，然后一起跳了一會兒舞。由and后面的內(nèi)容“跳舞”可推知and前面的內(nèi)容的狀態(tài)也是比較悠閑，輕松的，故C項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

Itiscrucialthatabroadsetofpeople-notjusttechnologistsorthosewhohappentobeinthecomputerindustry（）inthedebateabouthowthistechnologyshouldbeshaped.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.compensate

B.saturate

C.motivate

D.participate

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。compensate“賠償，補(bǔ)償”；saturate“浸透，使?jié)裢浮?；motivate“刺激，使有動機(jī)”；participatein“參加”。句意：重要的是要有一大群人而不僅僅技術(shù)員或那些碰巧在計(jì)算機(jī)領(lǐng)域工作的人參與到這項(xiàng)技術(shù)該如何發(fā)展的討論中來。D項(xiàng)能與介詞in搭配，且符合句意。

13.單選題

Anyearthquakethattakesplaceinanyareaiscertainlyregardedasakindofa（）event.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.cholesterol

B.charcoal

C.catastrophic

D.chronic

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。cholesterol膽固醇;charcoal木炭，炭筆：chronic慢性的，長期的；catastrophic災(zāi)難的，悲慘的。地震顯然是一種自然災(zāi)害。故C項(xiàng)正確。句意：在任何地區(qū)發(fā)生的任何地震都被認(rèn)為是一種災(zāi)難事件。

14.單選題

The（）ofgiftedchildrenintoacceleratedclasseswillstartnextweekaccordingtotheiracademicperformance.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.segregation

B.specification

C.spectrum

D.subscription

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。segregation“隔絕、分離'speficiation“規(guī)格、說明書”;spectrum“光譜、波段”；subscription“捐獻(xiàn)、訂閱、定金、簽署”。只有A項(xiàng)符合題意。句意：把那些有天賦的孩子們分離到加速班的舉措將會在下周根據(jù)他們的學(xué)習(xí)成績進(jìn)行。

15.單選題

（）workingonhiscompositionthedaybefore,hewouldhavefinisheditbynow.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Wouldhestart

B.Hadhestarted

C.Ifheistostart

D.Ifhewasstarting

【答案】B

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。由thedaybefore后半句wouldhavefinishedbynow可知空格處發(fā)生的動作發(fā)生在過去，是對過去事實(shí)的虛擬，從句用had+Ved.故B項(xiàng)正確。句意：如果他昨天就開始寫作的話，他現(xiàn)在就已經(jīng)完成了。故B項(xiàng)正確。

16.單選題

Iwastotallymixedupbyhis（）andambiguousremarks.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ubiquitous

B.unsettled

C.elusive

D.daring

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。ubiquitous“普遍存在的”;unsettled“未決定的;懷疑的”;elusive“難懂的；難以捉摸的；易忘的”;daring“大膽的；勇敢的”。句意：我完全被他的難以琢磨的和模棱兩可的話搞糊涂了。由連詞and可知空格處所填詞與ambiguousremarks詞義相近，故C項(xiàng)正確。

17.翻譯題

我為什么寫作？我為了我們的國家、社會、生活更加美好而寫作。熱愛生活，我嘆息一切美好的瞬間的短促。只有文學(xué)才能使美好的瞬間與永恒連接起來。至少我有理由希望，在寫作的時(shí)候我能夠比我自己還要好一點(diǎn)，聰明一點(diǎn)，豐富一點(diǎn)，有時(shí)候更執(zhí)著一點(diǎn)，也有時(shí)候更豁達(dá)一點(diǎn)，因?yàn)槲沂翘椒擦?，我是有太多的缺點(diǎn)以至于缺陷。我不滿意自己，我已經(jīng)沒有辦法再重新投胎一次，我只能在寫作里得到一些校正與補(bǔ)償。我喜歡寫作還因?yàn)檫@并不總是快樂的。誰能回避那些沉重的不愉快的甚至于可怕的事情呢？然而當(dāng)這一切經(jīng)驗(yàn)都變成文學(xué)的契機(jī)的時(shí)候，人生就比較能夠忍受了。

【答案】WhydoIwrite?Iwriteforthebettermentofourcountry,societyandlife.Ilovelife,Isighthebrevityofallthebeautifulmoments.Onlyliteraturecanconnectthebeautifulmomentwiththeeternal.AtleastIhavereasontohopethatwhenIwrite,Icanbealittlebetterthanmyself,alittlesmarter,alittlericher,sometimesalittlemorepersistent,andsometimesalittlemoreopen-minded,becauseIamtooordinary,Ihavetoomanyshortcomingsandevendefects.Iamnotsatisfiedwithmyself,Ihavenowaytobebornagain,Icanonlygetsomecorrectionandcompensationfromwriting.Ialsolikewritingbecauseit'snotalwaysfun.Whocanavoidthoseheavyunpleasantandeventerriblethings?However,whenalltheseexperiencesbecometheopportunityofliterature,lifeismoretolerable.

18.單選題

Topartiallyovercometheproblemoffundsandtospeedthe（）ofWesterntechnology,Hungarysolda30%stakeinitsnationalphonecompanytotwoWesterncompanies.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.auction

B.harmony

C.sacrifice

D.import

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。auction“拍賣，競賣”；harmony“和睦”；sacrifice“犧牲，獻(xiàn)祭”；import“進(jìn)口”；句意：為了部分解決資金問題和加速西方技術(shù)的引進(jìn)，匈牙利將其國家電話公司30%的股份出售給了兩家西方公司。匈牙利通過售賣國家電話公司的股份來獲得資金以此來引進(jìn)西方技術(shù)。故D項(xiàng)正確。

19.單選題

Thebossnamedthecompany（）himself.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.as

B.after

C.to

D.for

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。nameafter以…命名。句意：老板以他自己的名字給公司命名。

20.翻譯題

Sustainabledevelopmentisappliedtojustabouteverythingfromenergy,tocleanwaterandeconomicgrowth,andasaresultithasbecomedifficulttoquestioneitherthebasicassumptionsbehinditorthewaytheconceptisputtouse.Thisisespeciallytrueinagriculture,wheresustainabledevelopmentisoftentakenasthesolemeasureofprogresswithoutaproperappreciationofhistoricalandculturalperspectives.Tostartwith,itisimportanttorememberthatthenatureofagriculturehaschangedmarkedlythroughouthistory,andwillcontinuetodoso.MedievalagricultureinnorthernEuropefed,clothedandshelteredapredominantlyruralsocietywithamuchlowerpopulationdensitythanitistoday.Ithadminimaleffectonbiodiversity,andanypollutionitcausedwaslocalized.Intermsofenergyuseandthenutrientscapturedintheproduct,itwasinefficient.Contrastthiswithfanningsincethestartoftheindustrialrevolution.Competitionfromoverseasledfarmerstospecializeandincreaseyields.Throughoutthisperiodfoodbecamecheaper,safeandmorereliable.However,thesechangeshavealsoledtohabitatlossandtodiminishingbiodiversity.What'smore,demandforanimalproductsindevelopingcountriesisgrowingsofastthatmeetingitwillrequireanextra300milliontonsofgrainayearby2050.Yetthegrowthofcitiesandindustryisreducingtheamountofwateravailableforagricultureinmanyregions.Allthismeansthatagricultureinthe213rcenturywillhavetobeverydifferentfromhowitwasinthe20th.

【答案】可持續(xù)發(fā)展幾乎適用于從能源到清潔水和經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的所有領(lǐng)域，因此很難對其背后的基本假設(shè)或概念的使用方式提出質(zhì)疑。在農(nóng)業(yè)方面尤其如此，在農(nóng)業(yè)方面，可持續(xù)發(fā)展往往被視為進(jìn)步的唯一衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，而沒有適當(dāng)?shù)貜臍v史和文化角度加以評價(jià)。首先，重要的是要記住，農(nóng)業(yè)的性質(zhì)在歷史上已經(jīng)發(fā)生了顯著的變化，并將繼續(xù)發(fā)生變化。北歐的中世紀(jì)農(nóng)業(yè)為主要的農(nóng)村社會提供了食物、衣服和庇護(hù)，人口密度比今天低得多。它對生物多樣性的影響微乎其微，而且它造成的任何污染都是局部的。就能量使用和產(chǎn)品中獲取的營養(yǎng)而言，它是低效的。這與工業(yè)革命開始以來的扇風(fēng)形成了鮮明對比。來自海外的競爭促使農(nóng)民專業(yè)化并提高產(chǎn)量。在此期間，食物變得更便宜、更安全、更可靠。然而，這些變化也導(dǎo)致了棲息地的喪失和生物多樣性的減少。此外，發(fā)展中國家對動物產(chǎn)品的需求增長如此之快，以至于到2050年每年需要額外增加3億噸谷物才能滿足需求。然而，城市和工業(yè)的發(fā)展正在減少許多地區(qū)可供農(nóng)業(yè)使用的水資源。所有這一切意味著，21世紀(jì)的農(nóng)業(yè)將與20世紀(jì)大不相同。

21.單選題

Inthemodernsociety,peopleoftenfeelcomfortablephysicallybutsufferalot（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.moderately

B.naturally

C.biologically

D.psychologically

【答案】D

【解析】考查副詞辨析。moderately“適度地，有節(jié)制地”；naturally“自然地”；biologically“生物學(xué)上地”；psychologically“精神上地，心理上地”。句意：在現(xiàn)代社會，人們經(jīng)常感覺生理上是舒服的，但卻遭遇心理上的問題。由but可知其前后內(nèi)容性質(zhì)相反，前面提到生理，故空格處應(yīng)該填心理上地。

22.翻譯題

1.Whenyouestablishasuccinct,easy-to-remembertheme,youletpeopleknowthatyouhaveawell-definedandthought-outpointofview.

2.Themostcomplicatedproblemsindealingwiththeculturalenvironmentcomefromthe

factthatonecannotlearnculture-onehastoliveit.

3.ThemomentIfindmyselfturningawayfromajob,orputtingitunderapileofthingI

havetodo,Iclearmydeskofeverythingelseandattacktheobjectionableitemfirst.

4.Butjustinthelastfewyearsithasbecomealmostunbelievablycomplex,filledwithstrangepartswhosefunctionsarebeyondtoday'simagining.

【答案】1.當(dāng)你建立一個(gè)簡潔、容易記住的主題時(shí)，你讓人們知道你有一個(gè)明確的且深思熟慮的觀點(diǎn)。

2.在處理文化環(huán)境中最復(fù)雜的問題來自這樣一個(gè)事實(shí)即一個(gè)人不能學(xué)習(xí)那種文化卻又不得不生活在那樣的環(huán)境里。

3.我發(fā)現(xiàn)自己轉(zhuǎn)身撂下一份工作，或放在一堆要做的事情之后，我把桌上的一切清理干凈，然后著手攻克一個(gè)有異議的項(xiàng)目。

4.但就在最近幾年，它變得幾乎難以置信的復(fù)雜，充滿了奇怪的部分，其功能也超出了今日的想象力。

23.單選題

Themorepeoplearejammedtogether,themore（）andirrationaltheybecome.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.mechanical

B.liable

C.hostile

D.earnest

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。mechanical“機(jī)械的，力學(xué)的”；liable“容易的”；hostile“對…有敵意的”；earnest“認(rèn)真的，熱心的”。句意：越多人堵在一起，他們就變得越（）和越缺乏理性。and表并列，由and后面的irrational可知空格處應(yīng)填貶義詞，只有C項(xiàng)是貶義詞，故C項(xiàng)正確。

24.單選題

Eatingmorenutritiousfoodthanisneededdoesn'tmakeitfunctionbetter（）overfillingthetankmakesacarmovefaster.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.notmorethan

B.lessthan

C.nomorethan

D.anymorethan

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。notmorethan不超過，至多，不比…更…；nomorethan只是，僅僅，同樣不；lessthan比…少；anymorethan至多，僅僅。句意：吃過多超出身體需要的營養(yǎng)品并不會使身體更好，就如同給油箱加過多的油來使其快速前進(jìn)一樣。C項(xiàng)符合題意。

25.單選題

Theexperienceddriverlookedovertheenginecarefullylestit（）ontheway.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.goeswrong

B.wouldgowrong

C.wentwrong

D.gowrong

【答案】D

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。lest“唯恐；以免”，常用于虛擬語氣，謂語用“should+動詞原形，should可以省略。故本題答案選項(xiàng)為D。句意：這位有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的司機(jī)仔細(xì)檢查了發(fā)動機(jī)以免在路上發(fā)生故障。

26.單選題

Freemedicalserviceis（）tonearlyallthecollegestudentsinChina.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.favorite

B.available

C.convenient

D.average

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。favorite“最喜愛的”；available“可獲得的”；convenient“方便的”；average“普通的，平均的”。句意：所有中國大學(xué)生都（）免費(fèi)醫(yī)療服務(wù)。只有B項(xiàng)符合句意，beavailableto可得到…的，大學(xué)生能得到免費(fèi)醫(yī)療服務(wù)。答案B

27.寫作題

Directions:Answerthefollowingquestionwithnolessthan50words.RemembertowriteyouranswerclearlyontheANSWERSHEET.（5%）

WhoisConfucius（孔子）？

【答案】略

28.寫作題

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessaycommentingontheremark’'Livingwithoutanaimislikesailingwithoutacompass"Youcangiveexamplestoillustrateyourpointandthenexplainwhatyouwilldotomakeyourlifemoremeaningful.Youshouldwriteatleast200words.PutyouressayonAnswerSheet.PartICloze

【答案】略

29.填空題

HowMarketersTargetKids

[A]Kidsrepresentanimportantdemographictomarketersbecausetheyhavetheirownpurchasingpower,theyinfluencetheirparents'buyingdecisionsandtheyaretheadultconsumersofthefuture.Industryspendingonadvertisingtochildrenhasexplodedinthepastdecade,increasingfromamere$100millionin1990tomorethan$2billionin2000.

[B]Parentstodayarewillingtobuymorefortheirkidsbecausetrendssuchassmallerfamilysize,dualincomesandpostponingchildrenuntillaterinlifemeanthatfamilieshavemoredisposableincome.Aswell,guiltcanplayaroleinspendingdecisionsastime-stressedparentssubstitutematerialgoodsfortimespentwiththeirkids.Herearesomeofthestrategiesmarketersemploytotargetkids:

PesterPower

[C]Today’skidshavemoreautonomyanddecision-makingpowerwithinthefamilythaninpreviousgenerations,soitfollowsthatkidsarevocalaboutwhattheywanttheirparentstobuy."Pesterpower"referstochildren’sabilitytonagtheirparentsintopurchasingitemstheymaynototherwisebuy.Marketingtochildrenisallaboutcreatingpesterpower,becauseadvertisersknowwhatapowerfulforceitcanbe.

[D]Accordingtothe2001marketingindustrybookKidfluence,pesteringornaggingcanbedividedintotwocategories—“persistence”and"importance".Persistencenagging（apleathatisrepeatedoverandoveragain）isnotaseffectiveasthemoresophisticate“importancenagging".Thislattermethodappealstoparents'desiretoprovidethebestfortheirchildren,andplaysonanyguilttheymayhaveaboutnothavingenoughtimefortheirkids.

TheMarriageofpsychologyandMarketing

[E]Toeffectivelymarkettochildren,advertisersneedtoknowwhatmakeskidstick.Withthehelpofwell-paidresearchersandpsychologists,advertisersnowhaveaccesstoin-depthknowledgeaboutchildren’sdevelopmental,emotionalandsocialneedsatdifferentages.Usingresearchthatanalyzeschildren’sbehavior,fantasylives,artwork,eventheirdreams,companiesareabletocraftsophisticatedmarketingstrategiestoreachyoungpeople.

[F]Theissueofusingchildpsychologiststohelpmarketerstargetkidsgainedwidespreadpublicattentionin1999,whenagroupofU.S.mentalhealthprofessionalsissuedapubliclettertotheAmericanPsychologicalAssociation（APA.urgingthemtodeclarethepracticeunethical.TheAPAiscurrentlystudyingtheissue.

BuildingBrandNameLoyalty.

[G]CanadianauthorNaomiKleintracksthebirthof"brand"marketinginher2000bookNoLogo.AccordingtoKlein,themid-1980ssawthebirthofanewkindofcorporation—Nike,CalvinKlei