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住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-合肥工業(yè)大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I(帶答案詳解)(圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.填空題

Forseveralyears,scientistshavebeentestingasubstancecalledinterferon(干擾素),a36wonderdrugthatisprovingtobeeffectiveintreatingavarietyofailments,includingvirusinfections,bacterialinfections,andtumors.To37,thenewdrughasprovokednonegativereactionofsufficientsignificanceto38itsuse.Butinspiteofitssuccess,lastyearonlyonegramwasproducedintheentireworld.

Thereasonforthe39liesinthestructureofinterferon.Aspeciesofspecificprotein,theinterferonproducedfromoneanimalspeciescannotbeusedin40anotheranimalspecies.Inotherwords,totreathumanbeings,onlyinterferonproducedbyhumanbeingsmaybeused.Thedrugisproducedbyinfectingwhitebloodcellswithavirus.Fortunately,itisso41thattheamountgiveneachpatientperinjectionisverysmall.

Unlikeantibiotics,interferondoesnotattackgermsdirectly.42,itmakesunaffectedcellsresistanttoinfection,and43themultiplicationofviruseswithincells.

Asyoumightconclude,oneofthemost44usesofinterferonhasbeeninthetreatmentofcancer.Dr.HansStrander,researchphysicianatSweden’sfamousKarolinskaInstitute,hastreatedmorethanonehundredcancerpatientswiththenewdrug.45agroupofselectedpatientswhohad46surgicalproceduresforadvancedcancer,halfweregivenconventionaltreatmentsandtheotherhalfweregiveninterferon.The47rateoverathree-yearperiodwas70percentamongthosewhoweretreatedwithinterferonas48withonly10to30percentamongthosewhohasreceivedthe49treatments.

IntheUnitedStates,alarge-scaleprojectsupportedbytheAmericanCancerSocietyisnowunder50.Iftheexperimentissuccessful,interferoncouldbecomeoneofthegreatestmedicaldiscoveriesofourtime.

36.A.possibleB.adequateC.potentialD.capable

37.A.timeB.stageC.dateD.period

38.A.determineB.discourageC.decreaseD.disclose

39.A.uniquenessB.peculiarityC.featureD.scarcity

40.A.treatingB.producingC.operatingD.handling

41.A.potentB.slightC.obviousD.obscure

42.A.HoweverB.MoreoverC.HenceD.Instead

43.A.motivatesB.preventsC.strikesD.eliminates

44.A.restrictiveB.dramaticC.probableD.crucial

45.A.WithB.ForC.AmongD.Within

46.A.sustainedB.enduredC.preparedD.undergone

47.A.existenceB.treatmentC.survivalD.growth

48.A.weighedB.balancedC.differentiatedD.compared

49.A.originalB.conventionalC.exceptionalD.desirable

50.A.wayB.trackC.courseD.route

【答案】36.A

37.C

38.B

39.D

40.A

41.A

42.D

43.B

44.D

45.C

46.D

47.C

48.D

49.B

50.A

Normal

0

7.8磅

0

2

false

false

false

EN-US

ZH-CN

X-NONE

【解析】36.考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)possible“可能的;合理的;合適的”;B選項(xiàng)adequate“充足的;適當(dāng)?shù)模粍偃蔚摹?;C選項(xiàng)potential“潛在的;可能的”;D選項(xiàng)capable“能干的;能勝任的”。由前一句scientistshavebeentestingasubstancecalledinterferon“科學(xué)家們一直在測(cè)試一種叫作干擾素的物質(zhì)”,可知這一物質(zhì)還在測(cè)試中,并未得出確切結(jié)果,所以能否成為wonderdrug“特效藥”只是一種可能。possible和potential都有可能的意思。potential一般是可以發(fā)展成某種東西或在未來(lái)能夠被發(fā)展,具體指潛能方面上的。possible一般指能夠做到的可能性。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

37.考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)time“時(shí)間;時(shí)代”;B選項(xiàng)stage“階段;舞臺(tái)”;C選項(xiàng)date“日期;約會(huì)”;D選項(xiàng)period“期間;經(jīng)期”。由空格后thenewdrughasprovokednonegativereactionofsufficientsignificance“這種新藥還沒(méi)有引起足夠的負(fù)面反應(yīng)”,可知這里指從過(guò)去到現(xiàn)在的這段時(shí)間內(nèi),新藥并未引起足夠的負(fù)面反應(yīng)。固定搭配todate“迄今為止”。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

38.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)determine“決定;判定;限定”;B選項(xiàng)discourage“阻止;使氣餒”;C選項(xiàng)decrease“減少;減小”;D選項(xiàng)disclose“公開(kāi);揭露”。因?yàn)槠駷橹?,這種新藥還沒(méi)有產(chǎn)生影響很大的副作用,新藥的使用只是對(duì)一部分有需求的人而言的,所以這里應(yīng)該是指不會(huì)阻止它的使用。因?yàn)檫@里并沒(méi)有說(shuō)使用者的數(shù)量,所以可以排除C選項(xiàng)。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

39.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)uniqueness“獨(dú)特性;獨(dú)一無(wú)二”;B選項(xiàng)peculiarity“特性;怪癖”;C選項(xiàng)feature“特色,特征;容貌”;D選項(xiàng)scarcity“不足;稀缺”。結(jié)合第一段末尾句Butinspiteofitssuccess,lastyearonlyonegramwasproducedintheentireworld.“但盡管取得了成功,去年全世界只生產(chǎn)了一克。”由此可知特效藥是非常稀缺的,所以第二段承接第一段的內(nèi)容,開(kāi)始分析造成稀缺的原因。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

40.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)treating“治療;對(duì)待”;B選項(xiàng)producing“生產(chǎn);引起;生育”;C選項(xiàng)operating“操作;經(jīng)營(yíng)”;D選項(xiàng)handling“處理;操作”。句意:一種特殊的蛋白質(zhì),干擾素從一種動(dòng)物中產(chǎn)生,不能用于……另一種動(dòng)物。空格后的信息Inotherwords“換句話說(shuō)”,totreathumanbeings“去治療人類”,意味著兩句的動(dòng)詞一致。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

41.考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)potent“有效的;強(qiáng)有力的”;B選項(xiàng)slight“輕微的;少量的”;C選項(xiàng)obvious“明顯的;顯著的”;D選項(xiàng)obscure“不清楚的;不著名的”。句意:幸運(yùn)的是,這種藥物是非?!?,每次給每個(gè)病人的劑量都很小。藥品使用的劑量越小越能夠說(shuō)明它更加強(qiáng)效。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

42.考查邏輯關(guān)系。A選項(xiàng)However“然而;但是”;B選項(xiàng)Moreover“而且;此外”;C選項(xiàng)Hence“因此”;D選項(xiàng)Instead“反而”??崭袂癠nlikeantibiotics,interferondoesnotattackgermsdirectly.“與抗生素不同,干擾素不直接攻擊病菌。”與空格后itmakesunaffectedcellsresistanttoinfection.“它讓未受影響的細(xì)胞抵抗感染。”,根據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系可知主動(dòng)攻擊與保護(hù)是相反的,因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

43.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)motivate“刺激;使有動(dòng)機(jī)”;B選項(xiàng)prevent“預(yù)防;阻止”;C選項(xiàng)strike“打擊;罷工”;D選項(xiàng)eliminate“消除;排除”。空格前一句itmakesunaffectedcellsresistanttoinfection“它讓未受影響的細(xì)胞抵抗感染”,也即是阻止未受影響細(xì)胞免受感染。因此and連接的并列句中的動(dòng)詞詞義應(yīng)與前一句保持一致。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

44.考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)restrictive“限制的;約束的”;B選項(xiàng)dramatic“戲劇的;急劇的;引人注目的”;C選項(xiàng)probable“很可能的;可信的”;D選項(xiàng)crucial“重要的;決斷的”。句意:正如你可能得出的結(jié)論,干擾素最……用途之一是治療癌癥。后一句補(bǔ)充說(shuō)到漢斯?斯特蘭德博士是瑞典著名的卡羅林斯卡研究所的研究醫(yī)生,他已經(jīng)用這種新藥治療了一百多名癌癥患者。由此可知,干擾素對(duì)于治療癌癥有重要用途。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

45.考查介詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)With“用;隨著”;B選項(xiàng)For“因?yàn)?;為了”;C選項(xiàng)Among“在……之中”;D選項(xiàng)Within“在……之內(nèi)”。由空格后的agroupofselectedpatients“一組挑選的病人”,與之后的half“一半(病人)”與theotherhalf“另一半(病人)”,可知是在一群病人之中,分組進(jìn)行測(cè)試。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

46.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)sustained“維持;忍受;支持”;B選項(xiàng)endured“忍耐;容忍”;C選項(xiàng)prepared“準(zhǔn)備;使適合;起草”;D選項(xiàng)undergone“經(jīng)歷;經(jīng)受”。句意:在一組……晚期癌癥手術(shù)的患者中,一半接受傳統(tǒng)治療,另一半接受干擾素治療。sustain,undergo,endure都有忍受的意思。undergo一般指忍受治療。endure一般指長(zhǎng)期努力忍耐痛苦、不幸、困難。sustain一般指經(jīng)歷一些不好的事情,常指承受傷害失敗等。根據(jù)空格后surgicalprocedures“外科手術(shù)”可知其一般搭配為undergoasurgicalprocedures“接受外科手術(shù)”,句子使用的是過(guò)去完成時(shí),因此需要?jiǎng)釉~的過(guò)去分詞形式,即undergone。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

47.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)existence“存在;生存”;B選項(xiàng)treatment“治療;療法;處理”;C選項(xiàng)survival“幸存;幸存者,殘存物”;D選項(xiàng)growth“增長(zhǎng);發(fā)展;生長(zhǎng)”。連接前一句可知這里還是在講advancedcancer“癌癥晚期”的治療,空格后rate“比率”的對(duì)應(yīng)知這里應(yīng)是指“幸存率”,因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

48.考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)weighed“權(quán)衡;稱重”;B選項(xiàng)balanced“平衡;使相稱”;C選項(xiàng)differentiated“區(qū)分;區(qū)別”;D選項(xiàng)compared“比較;對(duì)比”。句意:在接受干擾素治療的患者中,70%的人能活過(guò)3年,而接受……的患者中只有10%到30%的人能活過(guò)3年。由此可知這里是在講兩種治療方法幸存率的對(duì)比。固定搭配:ascomparedwith“與……相比”。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

49.考查邏輯關(guān)系。A選項(xiàng)original“原來(lái)的;開(kāi)始的;首創(chuàng)的”;B選項(xiàng)conventional“傳統(tǒng)的;常見(jiàn)的;慣例的”;C選項(xiàng)exceptional“異常的,例外的”;D選項(xiàng)desirable“可取的;值得擁有的”。由空格前thosewhoweretreatedwithinterferon“那些接受干擾素治療的人”根據(jù)之前所提及到的兩個(gè)治療,halfweregivenconventionaltreatments“一半人被給予傳統(tǒng)治療”可知與之進(jìn)行測(cè)試的是那些接受傳統(tǒng)治療的病人。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

50.考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)way“方法;道路”;B選項(xiàng)track“軌道;足跡”;C選項(xiàng)course“科目;路線”;D選項(xiàng)route“路線;航線”。course和route都有路線的意思,course多指(船、飛機(jī)、路或河流的)所經(jīng)之路,強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)程的路線。route多指從起點(diǎn)到終點(diǎn)所采取的方法或路線,強(qiáng)調(diào)首尾的路線。句意:在美國(guó),一個(gè)由美國(guó)癌癥協(xié)會(huì)支持的大型項(xiàng)目正在……。固定搭配:underway“進(jìn)行中”,因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.單選題

Peoplemaygetverseswrong,buttheyalsomangleplentyofwell-knownbiblicalstoriesaswell.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.spoil

B.imitate

C.formulate

D.violate

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)spoil“溺愛(ài);糟蹋;破壞”;B選項(xiàng)imitate“模仿;仿造”;C選項(xiàng)formulate“規(guī)劃;用公式表示;明確地表達(dá)”;D選項(xiàng)violate“違反;侵犯”。句意:人們可能會(huì)讀錯(cuò)經(jīng)文,但他們也會(huì)……許多著名的圣經(jīng)故事。由關(guān)鍵信息getverseswrong“讀錯(cuò)經(jīng)文”只是常見(jiàn)問(wèn)題,后一句會(huì)加深問(wèn)題的嚴(yán)重性。因此可以排除B,C選項(xiàng)。D選項(xiàng)一般是指違反規(guī)則,這里的承受對(duì)象是biblicalstories“圣經(jīng)故事”,不能適用。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.單選題

Ifitwereonlynecessarytodecidewhethertoteachelementarysciencetoeveryoneonamassbasisortofindthegiftedfewandtakethemasfarastheycango,ourtaskwouldbefairlysimple.Thepublicschoolsystem,however,hasnosuchchoice,forthejobsmustbecarriedonatthesametime.Becausewedependsoheavilyuponscienceandtechnologyforourprogress,wemustproducespecialistsinmanyfields.Becauseweliveinademocraticnation,whosecitizensmakethepoliciesforthenation,largenumbersofusmustbeeducatedtounderstand,tosupport,andwhennecessary,tojudgetheworkofexperts.Thepublicschoolmusteducatebothproducersandusersofscientificservices.

Ineducation,thereshouldbeagoodbalanceamongthebranchesofknowledgethatcontributetoeffectivethinkingandwisejudgment.Suchbalanceisdefeatedbytoomuchemphasisonanyonefield.Thisquestionofbalanceinvolvesnotonlytherelationofthenaturalscience,thesocialsciences,andthearts,butalsorelativeemphasesamongthenaturalsciencesthemselves.

Similarly,wemusthaveabalancebetweencurrentandclassicalknowledge.Theattentionofthepubliciscontinuallydrawntonewpossibilitiesinscientificfieldsandthediscoveryofnewknowledge;theseshouldnotbeallowedtoturnourattentionawayfromthesound,establishedmaterialsthatformthebasisofcoursesforbeginners.

9.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,thetaskofeducationisfairlycomplicatedbecause__________.

10.WhichofthefollowingpointsisNOTINCLUDEDinthepassage?

11.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat_________.

12.Thebesttitleforthispassagemightbe___________.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.thecurrentpublicschoolsystemistoocomplicatedtobeunderstood

B.thepublicschoolsystemhasnochoiceofwhattoteach

C.itisdifficulttodecidewhetherelementaryscienceshouldbetaughtinpublicschools

D.theeducatorshavetotakecareofbothordinaryandgiftedstudents

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Oneofthemajortasksofeducationistodiscoverthemostpromisingstudents.

B.Inordertoteacheffectively,educatorsarerequestedtolayemphasisononeparticularfield.

C.Somesubjectshavebeenover-emphasizedinpublicschools.

D.Theprogressofthesocietycannotmerelyrelyoninventors.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.sufficientattentionshouldbegiventobasicknowledge

B.studentsshouldlearnmoreup-to-dateknowledge

C.lackofscientificknowledgewillleadtopoorrelationsbetweenproducersandusersofscientificservices

D.studentsaregettingtoknowtheimportanceofagoodbalanceamongthebranchesofknowledge

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.CurrentSysteminEducation

B.EducationalSituationinPublicSchool

C.BalanceinEducation

D.ImportanceofTeachingScienceandTechnology

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:C

【解析】9.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】主旨大意題。由第一段的Thepublicschoolsystem,however,hasnosuchchoice,forthejobsmustbecarriedonatthesametime.(然而,公立學(xué)校系統(tǒng)沒(méi)有如此的選擇,因?yàn)檫@些工作(教育普通和有天賦的學(xué)生)一定要同時(shí)進(jìn)行。)以及Thepublicschoolmusteducatebothproducersandusersofscientificservices.(公立學(xué)校必須教育為科學(xué)服務(wù)的生產(chǎn)者和使用者。)由此可知,教育工作之所以會(huì)變得相當(dāng)復(fù)雜是因?yàn)閭魇趯W(xué)習(xí)的對(duì)象并沒(méi)有進(jìn)行區(qū)分。因此D選項(xiàng)“教育工作者不得不照顧普通的和有天賦的學(xué)生”正確,符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“如今的公立學(xué)校系統(tǒng)太復(fù)雜而不能被理解”,B選項(xiàng)“公立學(xué)校系統(tǒng)不能選擇教授的東西”,C選項(xiàng)“難以決定基礎(chǔ)科學(xué)是否應(yīng)該在公立學(xué)校被教授”。在文中均未提及,可排除。故選D。

10.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。由第一段中Ifitwereonlynecessarytodecidewhethertoteachelementarysciencetoeveryoneonamassbasisortofindthegiftedfewandtakethemasfarastheycango,ourtaskwouldbefairlysimple.(如果只需要決定是向大眾教授基礎(chǔ)科學(xué),還是找到少數(shù)有天賦的人,讓他們盡可能地學(xué)習(xí),那么我們的任務(wù)就相當(dāng)簡(jiǎn)單了。)這只是作者的一個(gè)假設(shè),并沒(méi)有真正執(zhí)行。因此A選項(xiàng)“教育的一個(gè)主要任務(wù)是去發(fā)現(xiàn)最有前途的學(xué)生”錯(cuò)誤,與原文表述不符合。由第二段中Suchbalanceisdefeatedbytoomuchemphasisonanyonefield.(這樣的平衡被過(guò)分強(qiáng)調(diào)某一領(lǐng)域所打破。)可知C選項(xiàng)“一些科目在公立學(xué)校中一直被過(guò)度強(qiáng)調(diào)”正確,符合題意。同理可推理出B選項(xiàng)“為了有效地教學(xué),要求教育者強(qiáng)調(diào)某一特定的方面”。根據(jù)第一段中Becauseweliveinademocraticnation,whosecitizensmakethepoliciesforthenation,largenumbersofusmustbeeducatedtounderstand,tosupport,andwhennecessary,tojudgetheworkofexperts.(因?yàn)槲覀兩钤谝粋€(gè)民主的國(guó)家,所以,必須教育大部分人了解和支持或評(píng)判專家的工作。)民主國(guó)家的發(fā)展依靠所有人民的努力,而人民并不能局限于發(fā)明者。因此D選項(xiàng)“社會(huì)的發(fā)展不能僅僅依賴發(fā)明者”正確,符合題意。故選A。

11.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位在最后一段中Theattentionofthepubliciscontinuallydrawntonewpossibilitiesinscientificfieldsandthediscoveryofnewknowledge;theseshouldnotbeallowedtoturnourattentionawayfromthesound,establishedmaterialsthatformthebasisofcoursesforbeginners.(公眾的注意力不斷地被科學(xué)領(lǐng)域的新可能性和新知識(shí)的發(fā)現(xiàn)所吸引,不應(yīng)該允許這些將我們的注意力從健全的,已制定的材料轉(zhuǎn)移開(kāi),因?yàn)檫@些材料形成了適合初學(xué)者的基礎(chǔ)課程。)由此可知,初學(xué)者應(yīng)該從最基本的學(xué)習(xí)材料學(xué)起。因此A選項(xiàng)“應(yīng)該給予基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)足夠的重視”正確,符合題意。B選項(xiàng)“學(xué)生應(yīng)該學(xué)習(xí)更多最新的知識(shí)”,C選項(xiàng)“缺乏科學(xué)知識(shí)將導(dǎo)致生產(chǎn)者和科學(xué)服務(wù)使用者之間產(chǎn)生不好的關(guān)系”,D選項(xiàng)“學(xué)生正慢慢認(rèn)識(shí)到知識(shí)學(xué)科之間一種良好平衡的重要性”均不符合題意,可排除。故選A。

12.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】主旨大意題。由第一段中Thepublicschoolsystem,however,hasnosuchchoice,forthejobsmustbecarriedonatthesametime.(然而,公立學(xué)校系統(tǒng)沒(méi)有如此的選擇,因?yàn)檫@些工作(教育普通和有天賦的學(xué)生)一定要同時(shí)進(jìn)行)第一段提出教育平衡的話題,第二段和第三段圍繞教育平衡進(jìn)行論述。綜合而知,本文主要是圍繞教育平衡這個(gè)話題展開(kāi)闡述的。因此C選項(xiàng)“教育平衡”正確,符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“如今的教育系統(tǒng)”,B選項(xiàng)“公立學(xué)校的教育情況”,D選項(xiàng)“教授科學(xué)和技術(shù)的重要性”均不符合題意,可排除。故選C。

4.單選題

IsittruethattheAmericanintellectualisrejectedandconsideredofnoaccountinhissociety?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.senseless

B.unimportant

C.indifferent

D.uninteresting

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)senseless“愚蠢的;無(wú)知覺(jué)的;無(wú)意識(shí)的”;B選項(xiàng)unimportant“不重要的;瑣碎的”;C選項(xiàng)indifferent“不關(guān)心的,冷淡的”;D選項(xiàng)uninteresting“無(wú)趣味的;乏味的”。句意:美國(guó)知識(shí)分子在他的社會(huì)中被排斥,被認(rèn)為是……,這是真的嗎?根據(jù)關(guān)鍵信息theAmericanintellectualisrejected“美國(guó)知識(shí)分子被排斥”,也即是說(shuō)美國(guó)知識(shí)分子在他們的社會(huì)中很難享有一席之地,因?yàn)樗麄儾皇苤匾?。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

5.單選題

TomandRachelLeihbachei’sfriendshavealwaysbeeninstrumentalintheirlives.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.approachable

B.thoughtful

C.functional

D.helpful

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。instrumental表示“樂(lè)器的,有幫助的,儀器的”;A項(xiàng)approachable“親切友善的,易理解的,可接近的”,B項(xiàng)thoughtful“深思的,體貼的,關(guān)切的”,C項(xiàng)functional“功能的”,D項(xiàng)helpful“有幫助的,有益的”。句意:湯姆和雷切爾雷巴赫的朋友在他們的生活中一直很有幫助。根據(jù)句意可知,instrumental在句中表示“有幫助的”,D項(xiàng)的意思符合句子。因此,該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

6.翻譯題

由于我們對(duì)環(huán)境問(wèn)題的理解不斷發(fā)展,因而環(huán)境的語(yǔ)言也不斷地發(fā)展。環(huán)境教育已經(jīng)在向環(huán)境與發(fā)展教育、可持續(xù)發(fā)展教育和負(fù)責(zé)任的地球公民教育轉(zhuǎn)變。這三種說(shuō)法目前互相替換使用。這種轉(zhuǎn)變反映了現(xiàn)階段有的并繼續(xù)存在的引用聯(lián)系——地區(qū)和全球的聯(lián)系,過(guò)去、現(xiàn)在和將來(lái)的聯(lián)系,社會(huì)、文化、經(jīng)濟(jì)和政治的聯(lián)系。

【答案】Duetothecontinuousdevelopmentofourunderstandingtotheenvironmentproblem,thustheenvironmentlanguagealsocontinuestoimprove.Environmenteducationhaschangedtowardsenvironmentanddevelopmenteducation,sustainabledevelopmenteducationandtheeducationforresponsibleglobalcitizens.Fornow,thethreeargumentscouldbeoftenusedinplaceofoneanother.Thesechangeshavereflectedthereferencerelationshipatthepresentwhichwillbecontinuing—therelationshipbetweenregionandworld,therelationshipamongpast,nowandthefutureaswellastherelationshipamongsociety,cultureandpolitics.

7.單選題

Foreverysocialsituation,thereisa______timethatyoucanholdaperson’sgazewithoutbeingintimate,rude,oraggressive.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.pompous

B.permissible

C.adoptive

D.complacent

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)pompous“自大的,浮夸的,華而不實(shí)的”,B項(xiàng)permissible“可允許的,獲得準(zhǔn)許的”,C項(xiàng)adoptive“采用的,有收養(yǎng)關(guān)系的”,D項(xiàng)complacent“自滿的,得意的,滿足的”。由修飾time的定語(yǔ)從句thatyoucanholdaperson’sgazewithoutbeingintimate,rude,oraggressive“你可以凝視一個(gè)人,而不顯得親密、粗魯或咄咄逼人”可知,“可允許的”符合句意。句意:對(duì)于任何一種社交場(chǎng)合,都有一個(gè)允許的時(shí)間,你可以在不顯得親密、粗魯或咄咄逼人的情況下凝視對(duì)方。因此,該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Whenshesawherboyfriend’seyesskimreflectivelyoverherbody,shefeltherselfunderhispotentmalegaze______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.deteriorate

B.revolt

C.blush

D.blink

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)deteriorate“惡化,變壞”,B項(xiàng)revolt“反抗,反叛,叛逆”,C項(xiàng)blush“臉紅,感到慚愧”,D項(xiàng)blink“眨眼,使……閃爍”。由Whenshesawherboyfriend’seyesskimreflectivelyoverherbody“當(dāng)她看到男友若有所思的目光掠過(guò)她的身上時(shí)”可知,空格處填入blush符合語(yǔ)境。句意:當(dāng)她看到男友若有所思的目光掠過(guò)她的身上時(shí),她感到自己在他強(qiáng)有力的男性目光下臉紅了。因此,該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Needlesstosay,theterroristattacksonSeptember11______thewholenationintoextremehorror,andcouldverylikelyaffectthecourseofhumanhistory.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.escalated

B.plunged

C.converted

D.drowsed

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)escalate“逐步增強(qiáng),逐步升高”,B項(xiàng)plunge“使突然地下落,猛插,驟降,陡峭地向下傾斜”,C項(xiàng)convert“使轉(zhuǎn)變,轉(zhuǎn)換……”,D項(xiàng)drowse“使昏昏欲睡,昏昏沉沉地消磨(時(shí)光)”。從句子結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)看,缺少謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,且后面接介詞into,由extremehorror“極度恐慌”可知,plunge…into…“使……陷入……”符合語(yǔ)境。句意:不用說(shuō),911恐怖襲擊讓整個(gè)國(guó)家陷入了極度恐慌,很可能會(huì)影響人類歷史的進(jìn)程。因此,該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Thoselivingincountrieswithlongdarkwintersareapttobelesstalkativeandlesssociablethaninhabitantsofcountrieswheretheclimateismore______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.excessive

B.equivalent

C.equable

D.exquisite

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)excessive“過(guò)多的,極度的,過(guò)分的”,B項(xiàng)equivalent“(在價(jià)值、數(shù)量等方面)相等的,等價(jià)的,等效的”,C項(xiàng)equable“平靜的,變動(dòng)小的”,D項(xiàng)exquisite“精致的,細(xì)膩的,優(yōu)美的,劇烈的”。由longdarkwinters“漫長(zhǎng)黑暗的冬天”和than“比”可知前后是對(duì)比,故wheretheclimateismore______中填入exquisite符合語(yǔ)境。句意:那些生活在有漫長(zhǎng)而黑暗的冬天的國(guó)家的人往往比那些氣候更優(yōu)美的國(guó)家的居民更不愛(ài)說(shuō)話,更不愛(ài)交際。因此,該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Systematiceffortsatnationalnutritionplanningindevelopingcountriesgobackbarelyadecade.Duringthatbrieftimetherehasbeenconsiderableprogressinestablishingtheextentandcausesofmalnutritionandwhatcanbedonetoreduceit.

Tenyearsago,malnutritionwasoftenthoughttoreflectprimarilyashortageofprotein(andinsomecases,vitaminsorminerals).Mostnutritionprogramsconcentratedonprovidinghigh-proteinfoodtochildren,usuallyinschools.Theemphasistodayisdifferent.Thereisnowawidemeasureofagreementonseveralbroadpropositions.

Seriousandextensivenutritionaldeficienciesoccurinvirtuallyalldevelopingcountries,thoughtheyareworstinlow-incomecountries.Theyareusuallycausedbyundernourishment—ashortageoffood—notbyanimbalancebetweencaloriesandprotein.Theremayoftenbeshortageofspecificmicronutrientsandofprotein,especiallyamongyoungchildren.Butgiventhetypicalcompositionofthedietsofthepoor,totheextentthatcalorierequirements(asestimatedbytheFAOandtheWHO)aremet,itislikelythatothernutritionalneedswillalsobesatisfied.

Malnutritionaffectsoldandyoung,maleandfemale,urbanandruraldwellers;particularlyprevalentamongchildrenunderfive,itreducestheirresistancetodiseasesandisamajorcauseoftheirdeath.Inmanysocieties,girlssuffermorethanboys.

Malnutritionislargelyareflectionofpoverty;peopledonothaveenoughincomeforfood.Giventheslowincomegrowththatislikelyforpoverty-strickenpeopleintheforeseeablefuture,largenumberswillremainmalnourishedfordecadestocome.

Poornutritionalpracticesandtheinequitabledistributionoffoodwithinfamiliesarealsocausesofmalnutrition.

Themosteffectivelongtermpoliciesarethosethatraisetheincomesofthepoor,andthosethatraisefoodproductionperperson.Otherrelevantpoliciesincludefoodsubsidies,nutritioneducation,addingmineralsorvitaminstosaltandotherprocessedfoods,andincreasingemphasisonproducingfoodstypicallyconsumedbythepoor.

Thesepointswillbeamplifiedinthefollowingdiscussion.

1.Duringthepast10yearsdevelopingcountries______.

2.WhichoneofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasacauseofmalnutrition?

3.Withregardtothefuture,theauthortendstobelievethat______.

4.“Nutritioneducation”ismentionedinthepassageas______.

5.Itcanbepredictedfromthelastsentenceofthepassagethattheauthorisgoingtotalkindetailabout______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.havemadeconsiderableattemptstoplanaboutnutritiononanation-widescale

B.havestartednutritionprogramsthataimatprovidinghigh-proteinfoodtochildreninschool

C.havetakeneffectivemeasurestoreducemalnutritioneverywhere

D.havereachedanagreementtofightmalnutritionbycombiningefforts

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Poverty.

B.Poornutritionalpractice.

C.Inequitabledistributionoffood.

D.Inadequatenutritioneducation.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.malnutritionwillbelargelyeliminatedinsomedevelopingcountriesinthenextfewyears

B.thedevelopedcountriesareplanningtooffersomehelptoreducemalnutrition

C.manypeoplestillhavetosufferfrommalnutritioninthenearfuture

D.people’sincomeindevelopingcountrieswillgrowrapidlyintheforeseeablefuture9.“Nutritioneducation”ismentionedinthepassageas______.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.oneofthemosteffectivepoliciestoreducemalnutritioninthelongterm

B.oneofthesecondarymeasuresofreducingmalnutrition

C.oneofthewaystoimproveeducationindevelopingcountries

D.oneoftheeffortsthathasbeenmadeduringthepast10years10.Itcanbepredictedfromthelastsentenceofthepassagethattheauthorisgoingtotalkindetailabout______.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.policiesforreducingmalnutrition

B.thecausesformalnutrition

C.howtoraisetheincomesofthepoor

D.producingfoodstypicallyconsumedbythepoor

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“在過(guò)去的10年里,發(fā)展中國(guó)家……”。文章第一段第一句指出Systematiceffortsatnationalnutritionplanningindevelopingcountriesgobackbarelyadecade.(發(fā)展中國(guó)家在國(guó)家營(yíng)養(yǎng)規(guī)劃方面的系統(tǒng)性努力僅僅可以追溯到過(guò)去十年里)可知,A項(xiàng)“已經(jīng)做了相當(dāng)多的嘗試來(lái)計(jì)劃全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)的營(yíng)養(yǎng)方面”符合原文;由第二段第二句Mostnutritionprogramsconcentratedonprovidinghigh-proteinfoodtochildren,usuallyinschools.(大多數(shù)營(yíng)養(yǎng)計(jì)劃集中在為兒童提供高蛋白食品,通常是在學(xué)校)可知,不是所有計(jì)劃是針對(duì)學(xué)校兒童的,B項(xiàng)“已經(jīng)開(kāi)始了旨在為學(xué)校里的孩子提供高蛋白食物的營(yíng)養(yǎng)計(jì)劃”表述不準(zhǔn)確;C項(xiàng)“采取了有效措施減少各地的營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良情況”沒(méi)有提到;由第二段最后兩句Theemphasistodayisdifferent.Thereisnowawidemeasureofagreementonseveralbroadpropositions.(今天的重點(diǎn)有所不同。如今在幾個(gè)廣泛的主張上已經(jīng)達(dá)成了廣泛的共識(shí)。)可知,D項(xiàng)“已經(jīng)達(dá)成一致通過(guò)共同努力來(lái)對(duì)抗?fàn)I養(yǎng)不良的情況”并不是過(guò)去十年里發(fā)生的。因此,該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

2.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“下列哪一個(gè)沒(méi)有被提到是營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良的原因?”。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第四段第一句Malnutritionislargelyareflectionofpoverty(營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良在很大程度上是貧困的反映)可知,A項(xiàng)“貧困”正確;由倒數(shù)第三段Poornutritionalpracticesandtheinequitabledistributionoffoodwithinfamiliesarealsocausesofmalnutrition.(貧乏的營(yíng)養(yǎng)實(shí)踐和家庭內(nèi)食物分配不公平也是營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良的原因)可知,B項(xiàng)“貧乏的營(yíng)養(yǎng)實(shí)踐”和C項(xiàng)“食物分配不均”也是造成營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良的原因,只有D項(xiàng)“營(yíng)養(yǎng)教育缺乏”沒(méi)有被提及是營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良的原因。因此,該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

3.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“對(duì)于未來(lái),作者傾向于認(rèn)為……”。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第四段最后一句Giventheslowincomegrowththatislikelyforpoverty-strickenpeopleintheforeseeablefuture,largenumberswillremainmalnourishedfordecadestocome.(鑒于在可預(yù)見(jiàn)的未來(lái),貧困人口的收入可能增長(zhǎng)緩慢,未來(lái)幾十年仍將有大量人口營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良)可知,C項(xiàng)“在不久的將來(lái),許多人仍然要忍受營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良的痛苦”符合題意;A項(xiàng)“在今后幾年內(nèi),一些發(fā)展中國(guó)家的營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良問(wèn)題將基本消除”和B項(xiàng)“發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家正計(jì)劃提供一些幫助來(lái)減少營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良”沒(méi)有提及;D項(xiàng)“在可預(yù)見(jiàn)的未來(lái),發(fā)展中國(guó)家的人民收入將迅速增長(zhǎng)”與文章不符。因此,該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

4.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“文章中提到了‘營(yíng)養(yǎng)教育’是……”。文中提到nutritioneducation是在文章的倒數(shù)第二段第二句Otherrelevantpoliciesincludefoodsubsidies,nutritioneducation…(其他相關(guān)政策包括糧食補(bǔ)貼、營(yíng)養(yǎng)教育……),而上一句是Themosteffectivelongtermpoliciesarethosethatraisetheincomesofthepoor,andthosethatraisefoodproductionperperson.(最有效的長(zhǎng)期政策是那些提高窮人收入和提高人均糧食產(chǎn)量的政策),綜合可知,“營(yíng)養(yǎng)教育”是減少營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良的次要措施之一,B項(xiàng)“減少營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良的次要措施之一”正確;由此也可知A項(xiàng)“長(zhǎng)期減少營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良最有效的政策之一”不正確;C項(xiàng)“改善發(fā)展中國(guó)家教育的方法之一”和D項(xiàng)“過(guò)去10年所做的努力之一”都沒(méi)提到。因此,該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

5.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“從文章的最后一句話可以預(yù)測(cè),作者將要詳細(xì)討論……”。文章的最后一句話是Thesepointswillbeamplifiedinthefollowingdiscussion.(這些觀點(diǎn)將在下面的討論中加以詳述),而thesepoints指的是上一段所提到的一些關(guān)于減少營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良的政策和一些措施,因此可以推斷,作者將要詳細(xì)地討論這些政策和措施,故A項(xiàng)“減少營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良的政策”符合題意;B項(xiàng)“營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良的原因”在文中已經(jīng)闡述過(guò)了,所以不太可能出現(xiàn)在后文;C項(xiàng)“如何提高窮人的收入”和D項(xiàng)“生產(chǎn)窮人消費(fèi)的食物”都是包括在A項(xiàng)里面的。因此,該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

Itisallverywelltoblametrafficjams,thecostofpetrolandthequickpaceofmodernlife,butmannersontheroadsarebecominghorrible.Everybodyknowsthatthenicestmenbecomemonstersbehindthewheel.Itisallverywell,again,tohaveatigerinthetank,buttohaveoneinthedriver’sseatisanothermatteraltogether.Youmighttoleratetheoddroad-hog,therudeandinconsiderate,butnowadaysthewell-manneredmotorististheexceptiontotherule.Perhapsthesituationcallsfor“BeKindtoOtherDrivers’Campaign,”otherwiseitmaygetcompletelyoutofhand.

Roadpolitenessisnotonlygoodmanners,butgoodsensetoo.Ittakesthemostcool-headedandgood-temperedofdriverstoresistthetemptationtorevengewhensubjectedtouncivilizedbehavior.Ontheotherhand,alittlepolitenessgoesalongwaytowardsrelievingthetensionsofmotoring.Afriendlynodorawaveofacknowledgmentinresponsetoanactofpolitenesshelpstocreateanatmosphereofgoodwillandtolerancesonecessaryinmodemtrafficconditions.Butsuchacknowledgmentsofpolitenessarealltooraretoday.Manydriversnowadaysdon’tevenseemabletorecognizepolitenesswhentheyseeit.

However,misplacedpolitenesscanalsobedangerous.Typicalexamplesarethedriverwhobrakesviolentlytoallowacartoemergefromasidestreetatsomehazardtofollowingtraffic,whenafewsecondslatertheroadwouldbeclearanyway;orthemanwhowavesachildacrossazebracrossingintothepathofoncomingvehiclesthatmaybeunabletostopintime.Thesamegoesforencouragingoldladiestocrosstheroadwhereverandwhenevertheycareto.Italwaysamazesmethatthehighwaysarenotcoveredwiththedeadbodiesofthesegrannies.

Aveterandriver,whosemannersarefaultless,toldmeitwouldhelpifmotoristslearnttofiltercorrectlyintotrafficstreamsoneatatimewithoutcausingthetotalblockagesthatgiverisetobadtemper.Unfortunately,modemmotoristscan’tevenlearntodrive,letalonemasterthesubtleraspectsofroadsmanship.Yearsagotheexpertswarnedusthatthe“car-ownershipexplosion”woulddemandalotmoregive-and-takefromallroadusers.Itishightimeforallofustotakethismessagetoheart.

1.Thesentence“Youmighttoleratetheoddroad-hog…therule.(Para.1)”impliesthat______.

2.By“goodsense”,thewritermeans______.

3.Expertshavelongpointedoutthatinthefaceofcar-ownershipexplosion______.

4.Inthewriter’sopinion,______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.oursocietyisunjusttowardswell-manneredmotorists.

B.rudedriverscanbemetonlyoccasionally.

C.thewell-manneredmotoristcannottoleratetheroad-hog.

D.nowadaysimpolitedrivesconstitutethemajorityofmotorists.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.thedriver’sabilitytounderstandandreactreasonably

B.thedriver’spromptresponsetodifficultandsevereconditions

C.thedriver’stoleranceofrudeorevensavagebehavior

D.thedriver’sacknowledgmentofpolitenessandregulations

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.roadusersshouldmakemoresacrifice

B.driversshouldbereadytoyieldtoeachother

C.driversshouldhavemorecommunicationamongthemselves

D.driverswillsuffergreatlossiftheypaynorespecttoothers40.Inthewriter’sopinion,______.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.stricttrafficregulationsarebadlyneeded

B.rudedriversshouldbepunished

C.driversshouldapplyroadpolitenessproperly

D.driversshouldavoidtrafficjams

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

【解析】1.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“第一段中的‘Youmighttoleratetheoddroad-hog…therule.’這一句暗示了……”。根據(jù)題干定位到文章第一段倒數(shù)第二句Youmighttoleratetheoddroad-hog,therudeandinconsiderate,butnowadaysthewell-manneredmotorististheexceptiontotherule.(你可能會(huì)容忍那些亂開(kāi)車的怪人、那些粗魯而不體諒人的司機(jī),但如今懂禮貌的司機(jī)卻不在此列),結(jié)合上文提到人們?cè)诠飞祥_(kāi)車的舉止非??膳拢梢酝茢?,現(xiàn)在大多數(shù)都是不禮貌駕駛,故D項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)在,不禮貌的駕駛占大多數(shù)”符合題意;B項(xiàng)“粗魯?shù)乃緳C(jī)只能偶爾碰到”錯(cuò)誤;A項(xiàng)“我們的社會(huì)對(duì)有禮貌的駕車者不公平”與文意不符,文章表達(dá)的是不禮貌的駕駛這一種普遍現(xiàn)象,并不是說(shuō)社會(huì)對(duì)有禮貌的駕駛者不公平;C項(xiàng)“彬彬有禮的司機(jī)不能容忍蠻橫的司機(jī)”,無(wú)法從文中推斷出“你”指的是彬彬有禮的司機(jī)。因此,該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

2.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。題干意思是“作者用‘goodsense’來(lái)指……”。根據(jù)題干定位到第二段第一句Roadpolitenessisnotonlygoodmanners,butgoodsensetoo.(禮貌駕車不僅是文明的舉止,而且也是goodsense),結(jié)合后文句子Ittakesthemostcool-headedandgood-temperedofdriverstoresistthetemptationtorevengewhensubjectedtouncivilizedbehavior.(只有最冷靜、最寬容的司機(jī)才能在遇到不文明行為時(shí)忍住報(bào)復(fù)的沖動(dòng))可知,goodsense指的是在遇到不文明行為時(shí),駕駛者能夠保持冷靜和寬容,因此A項(xiàng)“司機(jī)能夠諒解和做出合理反應(yīng)的能力”符合題意;B項(xiàng)“司機(jī)對(duì)困難和嚴(yán)峻條件的迅速反應(yīng)”和C項(xiàng)“司機(jī)對(duì)粗魯甚至野蠻行為的容忍”都不全面;D項(xiàng)“司機(jī)對(duì)禮貌和規(guī)則的承認(rèn)”并不是goodsense指代的內(nèi)容。因此,該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

3.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“專家早就指出,面對(duì)汽車擁有量的激增,……”。根據(jù)文章最后一段倒數(shù)第二句Yearsagotheexpertswarnedusthatthe“car-ownershipexplosion”woulddemandalotmoregive-and-takefromallroadusers.(多年前,專家警告過(guò)我們,擁有汽車的人數(shù)量劇增,這將要求所有駕車的人更多地互相禮讓)可知,B項(xiàng)“司機(jī)應(yīng)該準(zhǔn)備彼此讓步”正確;A項(xiàng)“道路使用者應(yīng)該做出更多的犧牲”和C項(xiàng)“司機(jī)之間應(yīng)該有更多的溝通”都不符合原文;D項(xiàng)“如果他們不尊重他人,司機(jī)將遭受巨大的損失”在該段并未提及。因此,該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

4.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】主旨大意題。題干意思是“在作者的觀點(diǎn)中,……”。第一段作者先通過(guò)公路駕駛的現(xiàn)狀引出第二段的中心,即禮貌駕駛,接著作者具體說(shuō)明了司機(jī)應(yīng)該如何文明駕駛,第三段作者通過(guò)舉例說(shuō)明不恰當(dāng)?shù)亩Y讓會(huì)引起危險(xiǎn),反向支持禮貌駕駛的重要性,最后在文章最后一段號(hào)召大家文明駕駛;綜合可以推斷出,作者認(rèn)為駕駛者應(yīng)該文明駕駛,互相禮讓,因此,C項(xiàng)“司機(jī)應(yīng)該正確地運(yùn)用道路禮貌”符合題意;A項(xiàng)“嚴(yán)格的交通規(guī)則是非常需要的”和B項(xiàng)“粗魯?shù)乃緳C(jī)應(yīng)該受到懲罰”文中沒(méi)有提到;D項(xiàng)“司機(jī)應(yīng)該避免交通堵塞”這只是其中一個(gè)方面,概括不夠全面。因此,該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

Aperson’soptimismlevelchangesovertheyears,dependingonwhat’shappeningintheirlife,thetypeofpeopletheysocializeandhowdeterminedtheyaretomotivatethemselves.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.overtheyears

B.dependingon

C.socialize

D.howdetermined

【答案】C

【解析】考查語(yǔ)法。Socialize在句子中是動(dòng)詞原形,表示“交際”;而該句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整,所以socialize不能用

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