2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-南開大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)100

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-南開大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大小）題型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Internationalsportshouldcreategoodwillbetweenthenations,butinthepresentorganizationoftheOlympicssomehowencourages（）patriotism.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.amiable

B.obsolete

C.aggressive

D.harmonious

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。amiable“和藹可親的,親切的”;obsolete“廢棄的,老式的”;aggressive“侵略性的,好斗的,激進(jìn)的,有進(jìn)取心的”;harmonious“和諧的,和睦的”。句意:國(guó)際體育運(yùn)動(dòng)應(yīng)該在各國(guó)之間建立友好關(guān)系,但在現(xiàn)在的奧運(yùn)會(huì)組織中,某種程度上鼓勵(lì)了激進(jìn)的愛國(guó)主義。選項(xiàng)C符合語(yǔ)境。

2.單選題

Mymotherraisedmeasbestasshecould,takingonoddjobsintheneighborhoodformoney.Stillwithoutafathertotellmehowtoactandwhatwasexpectedofme,Ifeltlost.IwanderedforyearsandgotinvolvedwithtoughguysontheEastSideofNewYork.Theywouldfightmadlyoveradroppedcoin.Theywouldstealtogetwhattheywanted.Iwantedtobelikethem.

ItwasluckyformethatIleftthecityandenteredaworldofdiscipline,afterfollowingmymother’sadvice.Duringthreeyearsofmilitaryservice,Ihadtimetorethinkmylife,andmythoughtsoftenrantomymother.IrealizedsuddenlyjusthowmuchofaheartacheImusthavebeentoher,howlittleIhadnoticedhersuffering.Whenmyfatherleftthisworld,mymotherwascompletelyalone.Tosupportus,mymothercleanedapartmentsandtookinwashingandironingfromtheneighbors.Andassheworkedhardatthislabor,shekeptherheadhigh.Eachweekshewouldbringapileofbookshomefromthelibraryandreadtous.Mymotherhadwantednothingmorethanformetoturnintoanhonestresponsibleman.ButIhadactedagainsther.Finally,almosttoolateIhadthesensetofeelshame.

TenyearspassedandIreturnedtotheapartmentontheEastSide.IknewIwouldn’tfallbackinwiththewrongpeople,althoughIstillwasn’tsurewhereIwasheading.Mymother,Icouldtellwasworriedaboutme.Inmyneighborhood,tobecomeapoliceofficerorafirefighterwasamarkofsignificantsocialsuccessandachievement.Formeitwasanopportunityforarealstartinlife.IwonderedifIwasuptoit,butIknewthatitwastimetotry.WhenIfoundmyselfinthebighallraisingmyhandstotakethefirefighter’soathofoffice,mymotherwassittingafewrowsbehindwithasmileofrelief.SheknewthatatlastIwasoffonlife’sroadandmovingsteadily.Hersmilesaid,“Myjobisfinallydone.”

1.Fromthisstory,wemayguessthattheEastSideofNewYorkmustbea（）area.

2.Theauthorusedtobehavehimself（）.

3.Fromthecontext,weunderstandthat“oddjobs”inthefirstparagraphrefertojobs（）.

4.Inthefirstsentenceofthesecondparagraph,theauthorsays“Itwasluckyformethat...”Theluckyexperiencehetalksabouthereishisexperienceof（）.

5.WhatisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.commercial

B.rich

C.poor

D.distant

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.oddly

B.toughly

C.remarkably

D.badly

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.ofcleaning,washingandironing

B.whicharenotregularorfixed

C.whichonecanmakeextramoneywith

D.withhousework

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.thethreeyearsofmilitaryservice

B.leavingaworldofdiscipline

C.leavingthecityandhismother

D.fightingwithtoughguys

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Afterherhusbanddied,hismotherdidallavailablejobstosupportthefamily.

B.Theauthorwassurprisedthathewasacceptedasafirefighter.

C.Theauthorfinallyrealizedthathismotheralwayswantedhimtobeanhonestandresponsibleman.

D.Infaceofpoverty,hismotherneverloweredherhead.Shebravelystruggledon.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段“Theywouldfightmadlyoveradroppedcoin.Theywouldstealtogetwhattheywanted.”他們會(huì)為一枚掉在地上的硬幣瘋狂地打斗,他們會(huì)去偷想要的東西。由此可以推斷,這個(gè)地區(qū)很貧窮,選項(xiàng)C正確。

2.信息推斷題。根據(jù)第二段的首句“ItwasluckyformethatIleftthecityandenteredaworldofdiscipline,...”我很幸運(yùn),在聽從了母親的建議后,我離開了這座城市,進(jìn)入了一個(gè)有紀(jì)律的世界。根據(jù)“discipline”可推測(cè),作者以前的表現(xiàn)應(yīng)該是badly,選項(xiàng)D最恰當(dāng)。

3.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞定位到第一段,可知“oddjobs”是母親做的工作。再根據(jù)第二段“Tosupportus,mymothercleanedapartmentsandtookinwashingandironingfromtheneighbors.”所以選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

4.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段的第二句“Duringthreeyearsofmilitaryservice,Ihadtimetorethinkmylife,...”可知,作者覺得幸運(yùn)的經(jīng)歷是在部隊(duì)服役的三年經(jīng)歷。選項(xiàng)A正確。

5.信息推斷題。根據(jù)第二段后半部分的內(nèi)容可知選項(xiàng)A和D正確;根據(jù)第二段最后三句“Mymotherhad...thesensetofeelshame.”可知選項(xiàng)C也正確;所以本題選B。

3.單選題

Youarenotallowedtotakeasecondjob（）youremployergivesyoupermission.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.unless

B.solongas

C.otherwise

D.whereas

【答案】A

【解析】連接詞的運(yùn)用。unless“除非,如果不”;solongas“只要”;otherwise“否則,不然”;whereas“然而,鑒于,反之”。句意:除非你的雇主允許,否則你不能從事第二份工作。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

4.單選題

Theconsolidationofthecrumblingwallsandtowershasbeencarriedoutin（）withaprogramagreedwithbytheDepartmentoftheEnvironment.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.case

B.accordance

C.place

D.charge

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配。inaccordancewith為固定搭配，表示“依照，與...一致”。

5.單選題

Anunidentifiedwitoncesaid,“l(fā)augh,andtheworldlaughswithyou.Snore,andyousleepalone.”Yetsnoringisfarfromalaughingmatter,asthoseunfortunateswithgoodhearing,whoarerightlysubjectedtothesoundsofthesnoringdisorder,willtestify.

IthasbeenestimatedthatoneofeightAmericanssnores:thismeansthatthereareapproximately21millionpeople—womenaswellasmen—whorenderanunpleasantsoundwhentheyareasleep.Andassumingthateachsnorerdisturbsthesleepofatleastoneotherperson,itnecessarilyfollowsthatthereare21millionunhappylisteners.Whileasleepingpersonbreathes,eitherinorout,severalstructuresinhisnoseandthroatgeneratethesnoring.Thesounds,comingfromthesoftpalateandothersoftstructuresofthethroat,arecausedbyvibratoryresponsestoinflowingandoutflowingair.Whenthesofttissuesofthemouthandthroatcomeclosetotheliningofthethroat,thevibrationsthatoccurarecausedbythepositionofthetongue.Inshort,thenoisemadebysnoringcanbecomparedtothenoisewhenbreezesflutteraflagonapole.Thefrequencyofthevibrationsdependsonthesize,density,andelasticityoftheaffectedtissuesandontheforceoftheairflow.Althoughitisusuallytheprocessofinhalingorexhalingthroughthemouththatcausesnoring,shortsnortscomefromthenoseofanopen-mouthedsleeper.Inallfairnesstosnorers,however,itshouldbeemphasizedthatsnoringisaninvoluntaryoutwhichstopsastheoffenderisawakened.

1.Thesnoringiscausedby（）.

2.Ifapersonproducesshortsnores,mostprobablyhehas（）.

3.Thesnorerscanhavecontrolovertheiract.

4.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsthesnorersis（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.thesoftpalateandotherstructuresofthethroat

B.theinflowingandoutflowingairthroughthenose

C.theinflowingandoutflowingairthroughmouth

D.thevibrationsasaresultoftheinflowingandoutflowingair

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.asoftpalate

B.abignose

C.anopenmouth

D.asmallthroat

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Thesnorerscanhavecontrolovertheiract.

B.boththelistenersandthesnorerswishtostoptheoffensivesoundofsnoring.

C.Thefrequencyofthevibrationsdependsonthepositionofthetongue.

D.Therearemorementhanwomenwhosnore.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.objective

B.subjective

C.sympathetic

D.annoyed

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:A

【解析】1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段“Thesounds,comingfromthesoftpalateandothersoftstructuresofthethroat,arecausedbyvibratoryresponsestoinflowingandoutflowingair.”這些聲音來(lái)自于軟腭和喉嚨的其他柔軟結(jié)構(gòu)，是由流入和流出的空氣的振動(dòng)反應(yīng)引起的。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段倒數(shù)第二句“shortsnortscomefromthenoseofanopen-mouthedsleeper.”張開嘴睡覺的人鼾聲短促。選項(xiàng)C正確。

3.信息推斷題。根據(jù)原文可知，打鼾是一種無(wú)意識(shí)的行為，所以選項(xiàng)A錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)原文“Thefrequencyofthevibrationsdependsonthesize,density,andelasticityoftheaffectedtissuesandontheforceoftheairflow.”可知選項(xiàng)C錯(cuò)誤；選項(xiàng)D在文中沒(méi)有提及。所以只有選項(xiàng)B正確。

4.態(tài)度判斷題。結(jié)合文章內(nèi)容可知，作者全文都是在客觀的描述人們打呼嚕的這個(gè)問(wèn)題以及產(chǎn)生的原因和影響，沒(méi)有摻雜個(gè)人情緒，所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

6.單選題

Researchershavefoundthatmigratinganimalsuseavarietyofinnercompassestohelpthemnavigate.Somedirectthemselvesbythepositionofthesun.Othersnavigatebythestars.Someusethesunastheirguideduringtheday,andthenswitchtnstarnavigationbynight.OnestudyshowsthatthehomingpigeonusestheEarth'smagneticfieldsasaguideinfindingitswayhome,andthereareindicationsthatvariousotheranimals,frominsectstomollusks,canalsomakeuseofmagneticcompasses.Itisofcourseveryusefulforamigratingbirdtobeabletoswitchtoamagneticcompasswhencloudscoverthesun;otherwiseitwouldjusthavetolandandwaitforthesuntocomeoutagain.

Evenwiththesunorstarstoguideby,theproblemsofnavigationaremorecomplicatedthantheymightseematfirst.Forexample,aworkerhoneybeethathasfoundarichsourceofnectarandpollenfliesrapidlyhometoreport.Ascientisthasdiscoveredthatthebeesentouttolookforfooddeliversherreportthroughacomplicateddancetotheotherworkersnotonlyhowfarawaythefoodis,butalsowhatdirectiontoflyinrelationtothesun.Butthesundoesnotstayinoneplaceallday.Astheworkersstartouttogatherthetoed,thesunmayalreadyhavechangeditspositionintheskysomewhat.Inlatertripsduringtheday,thesunwillseemtomovefartherandfarthertowardthewest.Yettheworkerbeeseemtohavenotroubleatallinfindingthefoodsource.Theirinnerclockstellthemjustwherethesunwillbe,andtheychangetheircoursecorrespondingly.

1.TheauthormentionsallthefollowingnaturalphenomenathathelpanimalsnavigateEXCEPT（）.

2.Whatmakesitnecessaryforabirdtorelyonamagneticcompasswhennavigating?

3.Accordingtothepassagewhatinformationdoesthedanceofthescoutbeecommunicatetotheotherworkerbees?

4.Whatenablesthebeestoflybythesuneventhoughthesun’spositionisnotfixed?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.thesun

B.thestars

C.magneticfields

D.winddirection

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Thepossibilityofbadweather

B.Theconstantmotionofthesun.

C.Itspatternsofmigration.

D.Itsneedtoconstantlychangehomes.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Thetimeoftheday.

B.Whattheweatherislike.

C.Howfarawaythefoodis.

D.Whichflowersthescouthasfound.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theyareequippedwithbiologicaltimeclocks.

B.Theyflyinformationbehindthescoutbee.

C.Theyhaveexcellenteyesight.

D.Theyhavelongmemories.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:A

【解析】1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第一段前半部分的內(nèi)容可知，選項(xiàng)A，B，C均有提及，只有選項(xiàng)D沒(méi)有提及。

2.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“Itisofcourseveryuseful...thesuntocomeoutagain.”當(dāng)云層遮住太陽(yáng)時(shí)，候鳥利用磁場(chǎng)辨別方向是非常有用的；否則它就只能著陸，等待太陽(yáng)再次出來(lái)。也就是說(shuō)，當(dāng)天氣不好的時(shí)候，鳥就必須依靠磁場(chǎng)來(lái)飛行了。所以選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

3.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段的第三句“thebeesentout...flyinrelationtothesun.”被派去尋找食物的蜜蜂通過(guò)復(fù)雜的舞蹈向其他工蜂傳遞信息，不僅告訴它們食物有多遠(yuǎn)，還告訴它們食物和太陽(yáng)的相對(duì)位置。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

4.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“Theirinnerclockstellthemjustwherethesunwillbe,andtheychangetheircoursecorrespondingly.”它們的生物鐘告訴它們太陽(yáng)將在哪里，它們也相應(yīng)地改變了方向。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

7.單選題

Thebookmightwellhave（）haditbeenlessexpensive.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.workedout

B.gonethrough

C.fittedin

D.caughton

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)含義辨析。workout“解決,算出,實(shí)現(xiàn)”;gothrough“檢查,通過(guò)”;fitin“適應(yīng),適合”;catchon“理解,變得流行”。句意:如果這本書不那么貴的話,可能會(huì)很流行。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

8.單選題

YouhavelivedinmanyforeigncountriessoI’dexpectyoutohavesomesortof（）peoplewhohavejustarrivedhere.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.lovefor

B.concernfor

C.sympathyfor

D.empathyfor

【答案】D

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。句意:你在很多國(guó)家居住過(guò)，所以我想你應(yīng)該和剛到這里的人會(huì)有一些共鳴。只有選項(xiàng)D符合語(yǔ)境。

9.單選題

Fourweeksafterthesuicidebombing,thepolicewerestillhuntingforbombersfortheybelievemorewere（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ontheverge

B.onthespot

C.ontheloose

D.onthesly

【答案】D

【解析】介詞短語(yǔ)辨析。ontheverge“瀕臨,在…的邊緣”;onthespot“當(dāng)場(chǎng),在危險(xiǎn)中”;ontheloose“散漫,放蕩”;onthesly“偷偷地,秘密地”。句意:自殺式爆炸事件發(fā)生四周后,警方仍在搜捕爆炸犯罪分子,因?yàn)樗麄兿嘈胚€有更多的爆炸分子躲在暗處。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

10.單選題

Ofallthewilddogs,noneismorecloselyrelatedtothe（）dogthantothewolf.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.domesticated

B.barking

C.lazy

D.running

【答案】A

【解析】語(yǔ)境判斷。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可以推斷，填空處應(yīng)該和wild意思相反，所以選項(xiàng)A最為恰當(dāng)。句意：對(duì)于野狗來(lái)說(shuō)，他們和狼的關(guān)系比家犬和狼的關(guān)系更為親密。

11.單選題

Marydidn’topenlyattacktheplan,butheroppositionwas（）inherfailuretosayanythinginsupportofit.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.explicit

B.implicit

C.internal

D.immortal

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。explicit“明確的，清楚的，直率的”；implicit“含蓄的，暗示的，盲從的”；internal“內(nèi)部的，內(nèi)在的”；immortal“不朽的，長(zhǎng)生的”。句意：Mary沒(méi)有公開抨擊這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃，但是她反對(duì)的態(tài)度含蓄的體現(xiàn)在她沒(méi)有說(shuō)任何支持它的話。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

12.單選題

WecanrelyonWilliamtocarryoutthismission,forhisjudgmentisalways（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.inexplicable

B.healthy

C.sound

D.straight

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。inexplicable“費(fèi)解的,無(wú)法說(shuō)明的”;healthy“健康的,健全的”;sound“合理的,可靠的”;straight“筆直的,正直的”。句意:我們可以依靠William去執(zhí)行這次任務(wù),因?yàn)樗呐袛嘁恢倍己芸煽俊＿x項(xiàng)C符合句意。

13.單選題

Thefamousinventorwasawardedan（）doctoratebytheuniversity.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.honorable

B.honorary

C.honored

D.honorific

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。honorable“可敬的,光榮的”;honorary“榮譽(yù)的,名譽(yù)的”;honored“受尊敬的”;honorific“尊敬的”。句意:那所大學(xué)授予那位著名的發(fā)明者榮譽(yù)博士學(xué)位。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

14.單選題

Thebadanddampweatherinthehotareawouldenabletheplantstoget（）quickly.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.decomposed

B.denounced

C.detached

D.deduced

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。decompose“分解,腐爛”;denounce“譴責(zé),告發(fā)”;detach“分離,派遣”;deduce“推斷,演繹出”。句意:炎熱地區(qū)的惡劣潮濕天氣會(huì)使植物迅速分解腐爛。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

15.單選題

Hewas（）whenheheardtheunexpectednews,butIfinallyconvincedhim.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.incredible

B.inevitable

C.incredulous

D.indifferent

【答案】C

【解析】形近詞詞義辨析。incredible“難以置信的,驚人的”;inevitable“必然的,不可避免的”;incredulous“懷疑的,不輕信的”;indifferent“漠不關(guān)心的,中立的”。句意:他聽到這個(gè)意外的消息時(shí)很不相信,但我最終還是讓他相信了。選項(xiàng)C符合語(yǔ)境。

16.單選題

Thedoctortoldmethemedicinecan（）myheadachewithoutdoingmeanyharm.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.heal

B.improve

C.cure

D..treat

【答案】C

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。句意：醫(yī)生告訴我這種藥可以治愈我的頭痛而不傷害我。選項(xiàng)A，C，D均表示治療。heal多指創(chuàng)傷，外傷愈合；cure多指病后恢復(fù)健康；treat多指對(duì)傷口或者病情進(jìn)行診斷，強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)程。所以選項(xiàng)C符合語(yǔ)境。

17.單選題

Extraordinarycreativeactivityhasbeencharacterizedasrevolutionary,flyinginthefaceofwhatisestablishedandproducingnotwhatisacceptablebutwhatwillbecomeaccepted.Accordingtothisformulation,highlycreativeactivitytranscendsthelimitsofanexistingformandestablishesanewprincipleoforganization.However,theideathatextraordinarycreativitytranscendsestablishedlimitsismisleadingwhenitisappliedtothearts,eventhoughitmaybevalidforthesciences.Differencesbetweenhighlycreativeartandhighlycreativescienceariseinpartfromadifferenceintheirgoals.Forthesciences,anewtheoryisthegoalandendresultofthecreativeact.Innovativescienceproducesnewpropositionsintermsofwhichdiversephenomenacanberelatedtooneanotherinmorecoherentways.Suchphenomenaasabrilliantdiamondoranestingbirdarerelegatedtotheroleofdata,servingasthemeansforformulatingortestinganewtheory.Thegoalofhighlycreativeartisverydifferent:thephenomenonitselfbecomesthedirectproductofthecreativeact.Shakespeare’sHamletisnotatractaboutthebehaviorofindecisiveprincesortheusesofpoliticalpower,norisPicasso’spaintingGuernicaprimarilyaprepositionalstatementabouttheSpanishCivilWarortheevilsoffascism.Whathighlycreativeartisticactivityproducesisnotanewgeneralizationthattranscendsestablishedlimits,butratheranaestheticparticular.Aestheticparticularsproducedbythehighlycreativeartistextendorexploit,inaninnovativeway,thelimitsofanexistingform,ratherthantranscendthatform.

Thisisnottodenythatahighlycreativeartistsometimesestablishedanewprincipleoforganizationinthehistoryofanartisticfield,thecomposerMonteverdi,whocreatedmusicofthehighestaestheticvalue,comestomind.Moregenerally,however,whetherornotacompositionestablishesanewprincipleinthehistoryofmusichaslittlebearingonitsaestheticworth.Becausetheyembodyanewprincipleoforganization,somemusicalworks,suchastheoperaoftheFlorentineCamerata,areofsignalhistoricalimportance,butfewlistenersormusicologistswouldincludetheseamongthegreatworksofmusic.Ontheotherhand,Mozart’sTheMarriageofFigaroissurelyamongthemasterpiecesofmusiceventhoughitsmodestinnovationsareconfinedtoextendingexistingmeans.IthasbeensaidofBeethoventhathetoppledtherulesandfreedmusicfromthestiflingconfinesofconvention.ButaclosestudyofhiscompositionsrevealsthatBeethovenoverturnednofundamentalrules.Rather,hewasanincomparablestrategistwhoexploitedlimits—therules,forms,andconventionsthatheinheritedfrompredecessorssuchasHaydnandMozart,HandelandBach—instrikinglyoriginalways.

1.Theauthorconsidersanewtheorythatcoherentlyrelatesdiversephenomenatooneanothertobethe（）.

2.TheauthorimpliesthatBeethoven’smusicwasstrikinglyoriginalbecauseBeethoven（）.

3.ThepassagestatesthattheoperasoftheFlorentineCamerataare（）.

4.Theauthorregardstheideathatallhighlycreativeartisticactivitytranscendslimitswith（）.

5.Theauthorimpliesthataninnovativescientificcontributionisonethat（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.basisforreaffirmingawell-establishedscientificformulation

B.byproductofanaestheticexperience

C.toolusedbyascientisttodiscoveranewparticular

D.resultofhighlycreativescientificactivity

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.strovetooutdohispredecessorsbybecomingthefirstcomposertoexploitlimits

B.fundamentallychangedthemusicalformsofhispredecessorsbyadoptingarichlyinventivestrategy

C.embellishedandinterwovethemelodiesofseveralofthegreatcomposerswhoprecededhim

D.manipulatedtheestablishedconventionsofmusicalcompositioninhighlyinnovativefashion

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.unjustifiablyignoredbymostofmusicologiststoday

B.notgenerallyconsideredtobeofhighaestheticvalue

C.musicalworkswithpopularhistoricalthemes

D.examplesofmusicalworkswithnewprincipleoforganization

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.deepskepticism

B.strongindignation

C.markedindifference

D.moderateamusement

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.iscitedwithhighfrequencyinthepublicationsofotherscientists

B.doesnotrelegateparticularstotheroleofdata

C.introducesanewvalidgeneralization

D.presentsthediscoveryofanewscientificfact

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段第六句“Innovativescienceproducesnewpropositionsintermsofwhichdiversephenomenacanberelatedtooneanotherinmorecoherentways.”創(chuàng)造性科學(xué)產(chǎn)生新的命題，在這些命題中，不同的現(xiàn)象可以以更連貫的方式相互關(guān)聯(lián)。由此可知，把不同的現(xiàn)象連貫地聯(lián)系起來(lái)是高度的創(chuàng)造性科學(xué)所產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

2.信息判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的末尾幾句可知，貝多芬并沒(méi)有推翻任何基本規(guī)則。相反，他是一個(gè)無(wú)與倫比的謀略家，他以驚人的獨(dú)創(chuàng)的方式，利用了他從前輩如海頓、莫扎特、亨德爾和巴赫那里繼承來(lái)的規(guī)則、形式和慣例。所以選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

3.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“FlorentineCamerata”定位到第二段第三句“suchastheoperaoftheFlorentineCamerata,...thegreatworksofmusic.”如佛羅倫薩卡米拉塔的歌劇，盡管具有顯著的歷史重要性，但很少有聽眾或音樂(lè)學(xué)家會(huì)把它們列入偉大的音樂(lè)作品之中。也就是說(shuō)不被普遍認(rèn)為具有很高的審美價(jià)值，選項(xiàng)B與原文表述一致。

4.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第一段的第三句“However,theideathat...validforthesciences.”然而，將非凡的創(chuàng)造力超越既定限制的觀點(diǎn)應(yīng)用到藝術(shù)上是有誤導(dǎo)性的，盡管它可能適用于科學(xué)。由此推斷，作者的態(tài)度是懷疑的，選項(xiàng)A正確。

5.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。根據(jù)段第六句“Innovativescienceproducesnewpropositionsintermsofwhichdiversephenomenacanberelatedtooneanotherinmorecoherentways.”創(chuàng)新科學(xué)產(chǎn)生新的命題，在這些命題中，不同的現(xiàn)象可以以更連貫的方式相互關(guān)聯(lián)，選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

18.單選題

Prof.White,myrespectedtutor,frequentlyremindsmeto（）myselfofeverychancetoimprovemyEnglish.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.assure

B.inform

C.avail

D.notify

【答案】C

【解析】副詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)句意：我尊敬的導(dǎo)師White教授經(jīng)常提醒我要利用一切機(jī)會(huì)提高我的英語(yǔ)水平。選項(xiàng)C最為恰當(dāng)，表示有益于，有助于。

19.單選題

Hisheart（）withexcitementashewaswaitingforthereceptionbytheleaders.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.flapped

B.flourished

C.flushed

D.fluttered

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。flap“拍打,扔,飄動(dòng)”;flourish“繁榮,活躍,夸耀”;flush“發(fā)紅,使激動(dòng)”;flutter“撲動(dòng),震顫”。句意:在等待領(lǐng)導(dǎo)接見時(shí),他激動(dòng)得心怦怦直跳。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

20.單選題

Lifeinsuranceisfinancialprotectionfordependentsagainstloss（）thebread-winner'sdeath.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.atthecostof

B.onthevergeof

C.asaresultof

D.forthesakeof

【答案】C

【解析】副詞詞義辨析。atthecostof以...為代價(jià)；onthevergeof瀕臨于，接近于；asaresultof因此，由于；forthesakeof為了。句意：人壽保險(xiǎn)為被保者的家屬提供經(jīng)濟(jì)保障,以防止因養(yǎng)家糊口的人去世而造成的損失。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

21.單選題

Themanufacturerwasforcedtoreturnthemoneytotheconsumersunder（）oflaw.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.guideline

B.definition

C.constraint

D.identity

【答案】C

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。guideline“指導(dǎo)方針”;definition“定義,解說(shuō)”;constraint“約束,強(qiáng)制”;identity“身份,特性,一致”。句意:生產(chǎn)商迫于法律的約束不得不把錢退還給客戶。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

22.單選題

AtWembley,thehomeoffootball,countlessthousandsofpeoplespendSundaymorningamongstthe（）sellingeverythingfromshoestomodeltrains.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.stalls

B.statures

C.stalks

D.statutes

【答案】A

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。stalls貨攤；statures身高，身材；stalks莖稈；statutes法令。句意：成千上萬(wàn)的人整個(gè)星期天上午都流連于出售從鞋子到模型火車等各種商品的小攤位。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

23.單選題

AlthoughVenusisthenearestplanetoftheEarth,littleisknownaboutitbecauseitis（）coveredbythickclouds.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.closely

B.curiously

C.regularly

D.constantly

【答案】D

【解析】副詞詞義辨析。closely緊密地，嚴(yán)密地；curiously好奇地；regularly有規(guī)律地；constantly不斷地，時(shí)常地。句意：盡管金星是離地球最近的行星，但由于它時(shí)常被厚厚的云層所覆蓋，人們對(duì)它知之甚少。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

24.單選題

Thediscussionwassoprolongedandexhaustingthat（）wehadtostopforrefreshments.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.atlarge

B.atease

C.atrandom

D.atintervals

【答案】D

【解析】固定搭配詞組辨析。atlarge“詳盡的”;atease“安逸,舒適”;atrandom“隨便地,任意地”;atintervals“不時(shí)地,間斷地”。句意:討論時(shí)間太長(zhǎng),使人精疲力竭,我們不得不不時(shí)地停下來(lái)吃點(diǎn)點(diǎn)心。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

25.單選題

Hehaslittletrouble（）thetiresofhiscar.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.tofix

B.fix

C.fixing

D.withfixing

【答案】C

【解析】特殊用法。havetrouble后接動(dòng)名詞,表示“在…方面有困難和麻煩”。選項(xiàng)C正確。

26.單選題

Makingprivatephonecallsontheofficephoneisseverely（）oninourcountry.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.criticized

B.regarded

C.objected

D.frowned

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：在我國(guó)，用辦公室電話打私人電話會(huì)受到嚴(yán)厲的批評(píng)。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。frowned皺眉，不滿。

27.單選題

Theactualcostofthebuildingwasmuchhigherthanouroriginal（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.consideration

B.judgment

C.estimate

D.plan

【答案】C

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。consideration“考慮;報(bào)酬”;judgment“判斷,辨別力”;estimate“估計(jì),判斷”。句意:這座建筑物的實(shí)際成本比我們?cè)瓉?lái)的估計(jì)高得多。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

28.單選題

Jackcametothepartywithayoungwoman,whomI（）tobehisgirlfriend.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.pretended

B.supposed

C.resumed

D.granted

【答案】B

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。pretended“假裝”;supposed“猜想”;resumed“繼續(xù),重新開始”;granted“同意,授予”。句意:Jack和一個(gè)年輕女子一起來(lái)參加聚會(huì),我猜想應(yīng)該是他的女朋友。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

29.單選題

Crisiswouldbetherighttermtodescribethe（）inmanyanimalspecies.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.minimization

B.restriction

C.descent

D.decline

【答案】D

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。minimization最小化；restriction限制；descent下降；decline衰退。既然是危機(jī)，表示事態(tài)比較嚴(yán)重，所以用衰退來(lái)形容許多動(dòng)物物種最為恰當(dāng)。選項(xiàng)D正確。

30.單選題

Amanhastomake（）forhisoldagebyputtingasideenoughtoliveonwhenold.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.supply

B.assurance

C.provision

D.adjustment

【答案】C

【解析】固定搭配。makeprovisionfor指為...預(yù)先采取措施,為…作好準(zhǔn)備。句意:一個(gè)人必須為自己的老年提前做準(zhǔn)備,存下足夠的錢以備老年之需。選項(xiàng)C正確。

31.單選題

TheSpanishteam,whoarenotinsuperbform,willbedoingtheirbestnextweekto（）themselvesontheGermanteamforlastyear'sdefeat.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.remedy

B.reproach

C.revive

D.revenge

【答案】D

【解析】形近詞辨析。remedy補(bǔ)救，治療；reproach責(zé)備；revive使復(fù)興，使蘇醒；revenge報(bào)仇，雪恥。句意：西班牙隊(duì)雖然狀態(tài)不佳，但下周他們將竭盡全力為去年的失利向德國(guó)隊(duì)一雪前恥。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

32.單選題

Theliberalartseducationasksthatweconfrontourunexaminedworldviewwithhistoricalunderstanding,newtheoriesandintercultural（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.prospects

B.perspectives

C.aspects

D.respects

【答案】B

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。prospect“前景;期望”;perspective“觀點(diǎn)，遠(yuǎn)景”;aspect“方面，形勢(shì)”;respect“尊敬,尊重”。句意:文科教育要求我們用歷史理解、新理論和跨文化視角來(lái)看待我們未經(jīng)檢驗(yàn)的世界觀。

根據(jù)句意可知，填空處是表示看待未經(jīng)檢驗(yàn)的世界觀的方式和角度，perspectives和aspects都有“角度”的意思。但perspective強(qiáng)調(diào)主體,指人觀察或思考的角度;而aspect強(qiáng)調(diào)客體,指事物的某個(gè)方面。句中強(qiáng)調(diào)的是我們看待世界的跨文化角度，所以選項(xiàng)B更符合語(yǔ)境。

33.單選題

Shoulddoctorseverlietobenefittheirpatients—tospeedrecoveryortoconcealtheapproachofdeath?Inmedicineasinlaw,government,andotherlinesofwork,therequirementsofhonestyoftenseemdwarfedbygreaterneeds:theneedtoshelterfrombrutalnewsortoupholdapromiseofsecrecy.

Whatshoulddoctorssay,forexample,toa46-year-oldmancominginforaroutinephysicalcheckupwho,thoughhefeelsinperfecthealth,isfoundtohaveaformofcancer?Ifheasks,shouldthedoctordenythatheisill,orminimizethegravityoftheillness?Doctorsconfrontsuchchoicesoftenandurgently.Attimes,theyseeimportantreasonstolieforthepatient’sownsake.Intheireyes,suchliesdiffersharplyfromself-servingones.

Studiesshowthatmostdoctorssincerelybelievethattheseriouslyilldonotwanttoknowthetruthabouttheircondition,andthatinformingthemrisksdestroyingtheirhope,sothattheymayrecovermoreslowly,ordeterioratefaster,perhapsevencommitsuicide.Asonephysicianwrote:“Oursisaprofessionwhichtraditionallyhasbeenguidedbyapreceptthattranscendsthevirtueofutteringthetruthfortruth’ssake,andthatis,asfaraspossible‘donoharm’.”Armedwithsuchaprecept,anumberofdoctorsmayslipintodeceptivepracticesthattheyassumewill“donoharm”andmaywellhelptheirpatients.

Buttheillusorynatureofthebenefitssuchdeceptionismeanttoproduceisnowcomingtobedocumented.Studiesshowthat,contrarytothebeliefofmanyphysicians,anoverwhelmingmajorityofpatientsdowanttobetoldthetruth,evenaboutgraveillness,andfeelbetrayedwhentheylearnthattheyhavebeenmisled.Wearealsolearningthattruthfulinformation,humanelyconveyed,helpspatientscopewithillness.

Notonlydoliesnotprovidethe“help”hopedforbyadvocatesofbenevolentdeception,theyinvadetheautonomyofpatientsandrenderthemunabletomakeinformedchoicesconcerningtheirownhealth.Liesalsodoharmstothosewhotellthem:harmtotheirintegrityand,inthelongrun,totheircredibility.Lieshurttheircolleaguesaswell.Thesuspicionofdeceitundercutstheworkofthemanydoctorswhoarescrupulouslyhonestwiththeirpatients;itcontributestothespiraloflawsuitsandof“defensivemedicine”,andthusitinjures,inturn,theentiremedicalprofession.

1.Doctorsthinkthatlyingtotheirpatientsis（）.

2.Mostpatientsthinkthatbeingtoldthetruthoftheirillnessmay（）.

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtotheauthor?

4.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsdoctors?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.amedicaltradition

B.toharmtheirownintegrity

C.todefendmedicine

D.utteringthetruthfortruth’ssake

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.slowdownrecovery

B.leadtosuicideinsomecases

C.betoohardforthemtoaccept

D.helpdealwithillness

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Doctorsareofteninadilemmaastotellthepatienthisrealconditionofhealth.

B.Doctors’reluctancetotellpatienttruthhasnorealsupportinreality.

C.Doctors’liesaredifferentfromthatoflawyersandgovernmentofficials.

D.Doctorsandpatientsholddifferentviewsabouttellingtruth.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.realistic

B.praising

C.objective

D.appreciative

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

【解析】1.信息推斷題。根據(jù)第三段的第二句“Oursisaprofession...asfaraspossible‘donoharm’.”我們這個(gè)職業(yè)，傳統(tǒng)上恪守一個(gè)信條，這個(gè)信條超越了為真理而說(shuō)真話的美德，那就是盡可能“不傷害他人”。由此可知，醫(yī)生認(rèn)為對(duì)病人撒謊是一種醫(yī)學(xué)傳統(tǒng)。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第四段的內(nèi)容可知，研究表明，與許多醫(yī)生的信念相反，絕大多數(shù)患者希望被告知真相，甚至是關(guān)于嚴(yán)重疾病的真相。真實(shí)的信息和人性化的傳達(dá)，有助于病人應(yīng)對(duì)疾病。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

3.信息判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句“itcontributestothespiraloflawsuitsandof“defensive