2022年考研考博-考博英語-浙江工商大學考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號15

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-浙江工商大學考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據實際調整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Cultural（

）indicatesthathumanbeingshandtheirlanguagesdownfromonegenerationtoanother.

問題1選項

A.translation

B.transition

C.transmission

D.transaction

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】名詞辨析題。本題考查詞義和詞形相近的單詞辨析。A選項translation“翻譯”，B選項transition“過渡、轉變”；C選項transmission“傳遞、傳播”；D選項transaction“交易、事務”。根據題干that引導的從句的意思“人類將自己的語言一代一代傳遞下去。”可知空格部分單詞意思為“傳播”，句意為：文化傳播表明人類將自己的語言一代一代傳遞下去。因此正確答案選C。

2.單選題

Veryfewpeoplecouldunderstandthelecturetheprofessordeliveredbecauseitssubjectwasvery

（

）.

問題1選項

A.obscure

B.indefinite

C.dubious

D.intriguing

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項obscure“昏暗的，朦朧的，不清楚的”；B選項indefinite“無限的，不確定的”；C選項dubious“可疑的，曖昧的”；D選項intriguing“用詭計取得，激起……的興趣”。根據空格前面句子的主語“itssubjects它的主題”可知空格部分單詞意思可能為“不清晰”，句意為：很少有人理解這位教授的演講，因為演講主題非常不清晰。故正確答案選A。

3.單選題

Thetaxi-driver（

）aboutourluggageandseemedtobeinathoroughlybadtemper.

問題1選項

A.grieved

B.groaned

C.grumbled

D.growled

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項grieve“使悲傷，使苦惱”；B選項groan“呻吟；抱怨”；C選項grumble“抱怨，嘟囔”；D選項growl“咆哮”。分析句子結構，空格部分是和后面seem并列的謂語部分，根據“seemedtobeinathoroughlybadtemper看起來脾氣很壞”可知空格部分單詞意思為“對……嘟囔”，句意為：的士司機抱怨我們的行李，看起來脾氣非常壞。答案C與之意思接近。

4.翻譯題

Currently,Chinaisinthemidstofachallengingtransition.Arapidlyagingpopulation,increasingdebt,anddecliningreturnsonfixedassetinvestmentplacenewburdensontheeconomy.Becauseofaging,thelaborforceisexpectedtopeakthisyearandbeginalongdeclinethatcouldreduceitssizeby16percentby2050.By2030,China’sdependencyratio—thepercentageofthepopulationthatisnotinthelaborforce(mostlytheelderlyandchildren)—willreach47percent.Thisisfarsooner,intermsofGDPpercapita,thanincountriessuchasJapanortheUnitedStates.

【答案】

目前，中國正處于一個具有挑戰(zhàn)性的轉型階段。人口老齡化的迅速增長、不斷增加的債務以及固定資產投資回報率的下降給經濟帶來了新的負擔。由于人口老齡化，中國的勞動力總量預期今年達到最高峰，然后開始一個長期的減少，而到2050年中國的勞動力規(guī)?？赡軠p少16%。到2030年，中國的撫養(yǎng)比率——即不屬于勞動力的人口百分比（主要是老年人和兒童）將達到47%。而中國人均國內生產總值的減少會比日本或美國等國家出現(xiàn)得早很多。

5.單選題

Aftersomanyweekswithoutrain,thegroundquickly（

）thelittlerainthatfelllastnight.

問題1選項

A.skipped

B.soaked

C.retrieved

D.absorbed

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項skip“跳躍、遺漏”；B選項soak“浸濕”；C選項retrieve“檢索、恢復”；D選項absorb“吸收、承受”，由題干可推測地面快速“吸收”雨水，句意為：這么多星期沒有下雨，地面很快吸收了昨晚的少量雨水。故正確答案選D。

6.單選題

HecameallthewaytoChinaforpromotingfriendship（

）formakingmoney.

問題1選項

A.otherthan

B.betterthan

C.morethan

D.ratherthan

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查詞組搭配。A選項otherthan“除了，不同于”；B選項betterthan“比……更好”；C選項morethan“比……多”；D選項ratherthan“而不是，寧可”。空格部分要填入一個短語連接前后短語形成對比，前面的意思是“forpromotingfriendship為了增進友誼”和后面“formakingmoney為了賺錢”表示不同的目的，句意為：他一路跋涉來到中國是為了友誼而不是賺錢。故這里選項D符合題意。

7.單選題

（

）muchhasbeenknownaboutmammarycancer,theprecisewaytocureofitstillremainslargelyintherealmoftesting.

問題1選項

A.While

B.Since

C.Because

D.When

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查語法結構。while在這里的意思為“盡管”；since“因為；由于，既然”，because“因為”；when“當……”。根據句子意思推斷選項A最符合題意。句意為：盡管我們對于乳腺癌了解很多，但是關于治療的最精準的方法仍處于測試階段。

8.單選題

I’msureheisuptothejob（

）hewouldgivehismindtoit.

問題1選項

A.ifonly

B.until

C.incase

D.unless

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查語法結構。A選項ifonly“如果”；B選項until“直到……才”；C選項incase“萬一”；D選項unless“除非”。根據從句意思“只要他用心，他是能勝任這份工作的”，可知空格部分表示意思是“假如，如果”，句意為：我相信只要他用心，他是能勝任這份工作的。故正確答案選A。

9.單選題

Hewasconstraininghismindnotto（

）fromthelecture.

問題1選項

A.wonder

B.wander

C.cruise

D.travel

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項wonder“想知道；驚訝”；B選項wander“不集中，走神”；C選項cruise“巡航，巡游；漫游”；D選項travel“旅行”。填入一個動詞構成不定式做賓補說明hismind“他的思想”，由此可知wander“（因厭倦或焦慮而注意力）不集中，走神”符合題意，句意為：他在限制他的思想不要在課堂上分心。故答案選B。

10.翻譯題

在全球經濟放緩的情況下，為何大宗商品價格卻在飆升呢？流行的解釋似乎是“投機”。但是，由于投機是無時不在的，這無法解釋為什么現(xiàn)在價格猛漲。另一個流行的解釋是美國大幅放寬貨幣政策。但這很難解釋這樣一個事實：按照歐元計算，油價也在快速上漲。同時，投機也無法解釋那些沒有活躍期貨市場的大宗商品價格的上漲。

(參考詞匯：commodityprices;soar;speculation;ease;monetarypolicy;euro;futuresmarket)

【答案】

Whyarecommoditypricessoaringwhenworldeconomyisslowing?Thepopularexplanationseemstobe“speculation”.But,sincespeculationisalwayswithus,thiscannotexplainwhypricesaresoaringnow?AnotherpopularexplanationistheaggressiveeasingofUSmonetarypolicy.But,thishardlyexplainsthefactthatthepriceofoilisrisingrapidlyevenineuros.Nordoesspeculationexplaintheriseinthepricesofthesecommoditiesthatdonothaveactivefuturesmarkets.

11.單選題

Tosurviveintheintensemarketcompetition,wemust（

）thequalitiesandvarietiesofproductswemaketotheworld-marketdemand.

問題1選項

A.improve

B.gear

C.guarantee

D.enhance

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項improve“提高，改善”；B選項gear“適合；配合”；C選項guarantee“保證，擔保”；D選項enhance“加強，提高”。gearto有“使……適合，配合”的意思。根據句子空格前后分析，這里需要填入一個動詞，根據題干前面的句意是“tosurviveintheintensemarketcompetition要在激烈的市場競爭中求生存”，結合后面的關鍵詞“qualitiesandvarietiesofproducts商品的質量和數量”，可知B選項“適合，配合”符合語境，句意：為了在激烈的市場競爭中生存下來，我們必須調整產品的質量及品種以適應國際市場的需求。選項B正確。

12.單選題

Theearningsofwomenarewellbelowthatofmen（

）educationaldifferencesthatarediminishingbetweenthetwosexes.

問題1選項

A.although

B.though

C.despiteof

D.inspiteof

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查副詞辨析。四個選項都有“雖然，盡管”的意思。選項C的結構一般很少使用。Although和though都可以引導句子，不過although只能置于句首。這里空格后面是一個名詞短語educationaldifferences跟一個that引導的定語從句。所以只能填入選項D介詞短語，后面接名詞。句意為：女性的收入遠在男性之下，盡管兩性在教育方面的差距正在消除。

13.單選題

Notuntiltheyclimbedtothetopofthehill（

）whattheyhadbeentold.

問題1選項

A.thattheybelieved

B.didtheybelieve

C.whentheybelieved

D.thentheybelieved

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查語法結構。這里考查的是部分倒裝結構。notuntil位于句首時，句子要倒裝。notuntil+從句，助動詞+主語+謂語動詞原形+剩余成分；空格部分所在的句子中，需要將did助動詞提前，句意為：直到他們爬上山頂，他們才相信別人所說的。故正確答案選B。

14.單選題

Itisonlywhenyounearlylosesomeone（

）fullyconsciousofhowmuchyouvaluehim.?

問題1選項

A.doyoubecome

B.thenyoubecome

C.thatyoubecome

D.haveyoubecome

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查語法結構。本題結構為“Itis+強調部分+(that)其余部分…”強調句，這里強調的是時間狀語onlywhenyounearlylosesomeone，剩余的部分是主句，結構不需要倒裝。句意為：只有當你差點失去某個人，你才能充分認識到你是多么地在乎他。故選項C正確。

15.單選題

Little（

）howhappyIhadbeen.

問題1選項

A.shehadrealized

B.didsherealize

C.sherealized

D.hassherealized

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查語法結構。當否定詞little位于句首時后面的句子要進行主謂倒裝，且由句中關鍵詞“hadbeen（過去完成時態(tài)）”的對應知這里應用一般過去時態(tài)，故B項“didherealize”正確。

16.單選題

Lifeisacandle（

）toburnevenbrighter.?

問題1選項

A.beingmeant

B.meaning

C.tomean

D.meant

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查語法結構。根據句中關鍵詞“burnevenbrighter越燃越亮”的對應知這里指代“人們希望蠟燭（或蠟燭應該）越燃越亮”；再由“mean”一詞在表示“主觀希望”時一般用被動語態(tài)知D項“meant（其完整形式應該為whichismeant）”正確。故正確答案選D。

17.單選題

Althoughthetwoplayersare（

）inthetenniscourt,theyarereallygoodfriends.

問題1選項

A.partners

B.rivals

C.enemies

D.companions

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】名詞辨析題。A選項partner“同伴、合伙人”；B選項rival“對手、競爭者”；C選項enemy“敵人”；D選項companion“同伴、伙伴”，空格所在的句子為讓步狀語從句，句子意思為“盡管兩位選手在網球場上是對手”，可知空格部分單詞意思為“對手”，和主句中的“goodfriends好朋友”是正反義詞關系，句意為：盡管兩位選手在網球場上是對手，但是她們是很好的朋友。故正確答案選B。

18.單選題

Grain（

）aretoguaranteetheconsumptionofnonagriculturalpopulationandtocopewithseriousnaturaldisasters.

問題1選項

A.savings

B.storages

C.stocks

D.reserves

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項savings“積蓄；節(jié)省物”；B選項storage“貯存”是不可數名詞；C選項stocks“存貨；股份”；D選項reserves“儲備”。填一個名詞做主語，Grain做其定語，由不定式的內容可知reserves“儲備”符合題意，句意為：糧食儲備是用來保證非農業(yè)人口消費和應對嚴重自然災害的。故答案選D。

19.單選題

Only5minutesafterittookoff,theaircraftdownto（

）earthforthedamagedengine.

問題1選項

A.fluctuated

B.vibrated

C.plummeted

D.mutated

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項fluctuate“波動，動搖”；B選項vibrate“振動；顫動；搖擺”；C選項plummet“墜落，掉下”；D選項mutate“突變”。填入動詞過去式做謂語，其主語是theaircraft，由關鍵信息thedamagedengine“損壞的發(fā)動機”可知plummet“墜落，掉下”符合題意，句意為：因為發(fā)動機損壞，飛機起飛后5分鐘就降落到地面上。故答案選C。

20.翻譯題

Thebigadvantagesofthespreadofprosperityincludeawiderdistributionofinnovationandbiggeropportunitiesforprofitableexchange.TheriseoftheUSbroughtsuchbenefitstotheUK.Alsovaluable(thoughnotcertain)isgreaterpoliticalstabilityinpreviouslyimpoverishedcountries.Thebigdisadvantageisgreatercompetitionforscarceresources.Powerisascarceresource:ifcountryAhasmore,countryBhasless.Resourcesarealsolimited.

【答案】

繁榮傳播開來的幾大好處包括：創(chuàng)新的傳播范圍會擴大，以及進行有利可圖的交流的機會增多。美國的崛起就曾為英國帶來此類益處。此外，同樣有價值的（雖然并不確定）是以往的窮國在政治上會更加穩(wěn)定。最大的劣勢是對稀缺資源的激烈競爭。能源是一種缺席資源：如果A國的資源增多，那B國的能源就會減少。資源也是有限的。

21.單選題

Asahigh-levelexecutive（

）agroupofmanagers,youmayfindtheseguidelineshelpful.

問題1選項

A.talking

B.speaking

C.addressing

D.discussing

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項talk“說，談話”；B選項speak“講話，發(fā)言”；C選項address“演講，致詞”；D選項discuss“討論”，四個選項意思相近，但是talk強調動作雙方溝通，speak側重單方的講話，address指在某活動或者工作中的發(fā)言，句意為：當你作為高管向一群經理演講時，你可能會發(fā)現(xiàn)這些指導方針很有幫助。故選項C更符合題意。

22.單選題

In（

）oftheoldergirls,eventheten-year-oldshavestartedwearinglipstickandmake-up.

問題1選項

A.adoption

B.admiration

C.application

D.imitation

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】名詞辨析題。A選項adoption“采用、收養(yǎng)”；B選項admiration“欽佩、贊賞”；C選項application“應用、申請”；D選項imitation“模仿、仿造”。inimitationof固定短語的意思是“模仿”，句意為：即使10歲大的女孩子也開始模仿年齡大點的女孩涂唇膏和化妝。故正確答案選D。

23.單選題

Historianshaveonlyrecentlybeguntonotetheincreaseindemandforluxurygoodsandservicesthattookplaceineighteenth-centuryEngland.McKendrickhasexploredtheWedgwoodfirm’sremarkablesuccessinmarketingluxurypottery.Plumbhaswrittenabouttheproliferationofprovincialtheaters,musicalfestivals,andchildren’stoysandbooks.Whilethefactofthisconsumerrevolutionishardlyindoubt,threekeyquestionsremain:Whoweretheconsumers?Whatweretheirmotives?Andwhatweretheeffectsofthenewdemandforluxuries?

Ananswertothefirstofthesehasbeendifficulttoobtain.Althoughithasbeenpossibletoinferfromthegoodsandservicesactuallyproducedwhatmanufacturersandservicingtradesthoughttheircustomerswanted,onlyastudyofrelevantpersonaldocumentswrittenbyactualconsumerswillprovideaprecisepictureofwhowantedwhat.Westillneedtoknowhowlargethisconsumermarketwasandhowfardownthesocialscaletheconsumerdemandforluxurygoodspenetrated.Withregardtothislastquestion,wemightnoteinpassingthatThompson,whilerightlyrestoringlaboringpeopletothestageofeighteenth-centuryEnglishhistory,hasprobablyexaggeratedtheoppositionofthesepeopletotheinroadsofcapitalistconsumerismingeneral;forexample,laboringpeopleineighteenth-centuryEnglandreadilyshiftedfromhome-brewedbeertostandardizedbeerproducedbyhuge,heavilycapitalizedurbanbreweries.

Toanswerthequestionofwhyconsumersbecamesoeagertobuy,somehistorianshavepointedtotheabilityofmanufacturerstoadvertiseinarelativelyuncensoredpress.This,however,hardlyseemsasufficientanswer.MckendrickfavorsaViablemodelofconspicuousconsumptionstimulatedbycompetitionforstatus.The“middlingsort”boughtgoodsandservicesbecausetheywantedtofollowfashionssetbytherich.Again,wemaywonderwhetherthisexplanationissufficient.Donotpeopleenjoybuyingthingsasaformofself-gratification?Ifso,consumerismcouldbeseenasaproductoftheriseofnewconceptsofindividualismandmaterialism,butnotnecessarilyofthefrenzyforconspicuouscompetition.

Finally,whatweretheconsequencesofthisconsumerdemandforluxuries?McKendrickclaimsthatitgoesalongwaytowardexplainingthecomingoftheIndustrialRevolution.Butdoesit?What,forexample,doestheproductionofhigh-qualitypotteryandtoyshavetodowiththedevelopmentofironmanufactureortextilemills?Itisperfectlypossibletohavethepsychologyandrealityofaconsumersocietywithoutaheavyindustrialsector.

Thatfutureexplorationofthesekeyquestionsisundoubtedlynecessaryshouldnot,however,diminishtheforceoftheconclusionofrecentstudies:theinsatiabledemandineighteenth-centuryEnglandforfrivolousaswellasusefulgoodsandservicesforeshadowsourownworld.

1.Inthefirstparagraph,theauthormentionsMcKendrickandPlumbmostprobablyinorderto（

）.

2.Whichofthefollowingitems,ifpreservedfromeighteenth-centuryEngland,wouldprovideanexampleofthekindofdocumentsmentionedinLines3-4,Paragraph2?

3.Accordingtothetext,Thompsonattributestolaboringpeopleineighteenth-centuryEnglandwhichofthefollowingattitudestowardcapitalistconsumerism?

4.Inthethirdparagraph,theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith（

）.

5.Accordingtothetext,eighteenth-centuryEnglandandthecontemporaryworldofthetextreadersare（

）.

問題1選項

A.contrasttheirviewsonthesubjectofluxuryconsumerismineighteenth-centuryEngland

B.indicatetheinadequacyofhistorio-graphicalapproachestoeighteenth-centuryEnglishhistory

C.giveexamplesofhistorianswhohavehelpedtoestablishthefactofgrowingconsumerismineighteenth-centuryEngland

D.supportthecontentionthatkeyquestionsabouteighteenth-centuryconsumerismremaintobeanswered

問題2選項

A.Awrittenagreementbetweenasupplierofrawmaterialsandasupplierofluxurygoods.

B.Adiarythatmentionsluxurygoodsandservicespurchasedbyitsauthor.

C.Atheaterticketstampedwiththedateandnameofaparticularplay.

D.Apayrollrecordfromacompanythatproducedluxurygoodssuchaspottery.

問題3選項

A.Enthusiasm.

B.Curiosity.

C.Ambivalence.

D.Hostility.

問題4選項

A.contrastingtwothesesandofferingacompromise

B.questioningtwoexplanationsandproposingapossiblealternativetothem

C.paraphrasingtheworkoftwohistoriansandquestioningtheirassumptions

D.examiningtwotheoriesandendorsingoneovertheother

問題5選項

A.dissimilarintheextenttowhichluxuryconsumerismcouldbesaidtobewidespreadamongthesocialclasses

B.dissimilarintheirdefinitionsofluxurygoodsandservices

C.dissimilarintheextenttowhichluxurygoodscouldbesaidtobestimulantofindustrialdevelopment

D.similarintheirstrongdemandforavarietyofgoodsandservices

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第一段，主要敘述了歷史學家開始注意到奢侈品消費的研究，并舉例說明兩個學者的具體的研究，最后提出了三個問題。因此在第一段中提到兩個人名是為了舉例說明18世紀英格蘭消費主義增長的事實。故正確答案C。

2.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。定位到文章第二段“Althoughithasbeenpossibletoinferfromthegoodsandservicesactuallyproducedwhatmanufacturersandservicingtradesthoughttheircustomerswanted,onlyastudyofrelevantpersonaldocumentswrittenbyactualconsumerswillprovideaprecisepictureofwhowantedwhat.盡管可以從制造商和服務行業(yè)針對他們的客戶所需要的產品和服務中推斷出他們實際生產的產品和服務，但只有對由實際消費者撰寫的相關個人文件進行研究，才能準確地推測出什么樣的人需要什么樣的東西?！庇纱丝梢姡@里文章中提到的文件是屬于由實際消費者撰寫的相關個人文件，因此選項B為正確答案。

3.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。定位到文章第二段“Withregardtothislastquestion,wemightnoteinpassingthatThompson,whilerightlyrestoringlaboringpeopletothestageofeighteenth-centuryEnglishhistory,hasprobablyexaggeratedtheoppositionofthesepeopletotheinroadsofcapitalistconsumerismingeneral…關于最后一個問題，我們可以順便指出，雖然湯普森正確地還原了勞動人民在英國18世紀歷史的階段，但他很可能夸大了這些人對資本主義消費主義的反對”?？梢酝茰y勞動人民對于消費主義并不存在好奇心或者其他情緒，而是“反對”。選項D符合題意。

4.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】段落大意題。定位到文章第三段，首先提出了關于第一種理論模式：制造商對于奢侈品宣傳的能力。接著提出第二種理論模式：人們購買奢侈品是受社會地位競爭的驅動。通過對兩種理論的批判，自己提出了替代性的理論認識。故選項B比較符合題意。

5.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章最后一段“Thatfutureexplorationofthesekeyquestionsisundoubtedlynecessaryshouldnot,however,diminishtheforceoftheconclusionofrecentstudies:theinsatiabledemandineighteenth-centuryEnglandforfrivolousaswellasusefulgoodsandservicesforeshadowsourownworld.然而，未來對這些關鍵問題的探索無疑是必要的，減少最近研究結論的力量：十八世紀英格蘭對輕浮和有用的商品和服務的貪得無厭的需求預示著我們自己的世界?！庇纱丝芍?，十八世紀的英國人和現(xiàn)代人在消費觀上存在某些相似性，因此選項D正確。

24.單選題

Afterafewroundsoftalks,bothsidesregardedtheterritorydisputes（

）.

問題1選項

A.beingsettled

B.tobesettled

C.hadsettled

D.assettled

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查固定搭配。這里空格所在的句子bothsides是主語，謂語動詞regards，賓語theterritorydisputes，分析句子結構，后面的空格部分應該屬于后置定語結構，regardsthassth有“認為怎么樣”之意。這里settled過去分詞作形容詞表示動作已經完成，也就是“settleddisputes解決了的爭端”，句意為：經過數輪談判后，雙方都認為這個領土紛爭問題得到解決了。答案選D。

25.單選題

Lastyearaboothforsimultaneousinterpretationwasfinallysetup（

）governmentaid.

問題1選項

A.inaidof

B.byvirtueof

C.inlightof

D.inrespectof

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查介詞詞組辨析。A選項inaidof“為了幫助”；B選項byvirtueof“憑借，由于，因為”；C選項inlightof“根據；鑒于”；D選項inrespectof“關于，涉及”。governmentaid在句中做狀語，根據上下文可知byvirtueof“憑借，由于，因為”符合題意，句意為：去年，在政府的援助下，終于建立了一個同聲傳譯的展位。故答案選B。

26.單選題

heflourishofadulttrainingprogramspartiallyresultedfromthefeministmovement,（

）.

問題1選項

A.whichencouragingwomentoimprovetheirskillsforthejobmarket

B.whichencouragedwomentoimprovetheirskillsforthejobmarket

C.encouragingwomentoimprovetheirskillsforthejobmarket

D.thatencouragedwomentoimprovetheirskillsforthejobmarket

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查語法結構。本句考查非限制性定語從句。主句是Theflourishofadulttrainingprogramspartiallyresultedfromthefeministmovement，后面which作為關系代詞指代thefeministmovement，在從句中作為主語，意思是“女權運動鼓勵女性去提高她們在就業(yè)市場的技能”，故正確答案選B。

27.單選題

Untilrecently,womeninadvertisementswereoneofthreethings—anapron,aglamorousdressorafrown.Althoughthatisnowchanging,manywomenstillfeelangryenoughtodefaceoffendingadvertisementswithstickersprotesting,“Thisaddegradeswomen.”Whydoesthissortofadvertisingexist?Howcanadvertisersandadagenciesstillproduce,sometimes,aftermonthsofresearch,advertisingthatoffendstheconsumer?

TheAdvertisingStandardsAuthority(thebodywhichdealswithcomplaintsaboutprintmedia)iscarryingoutaresearchintohowwomenfeelaboutthewaytheyareportrayedinadvertisements.Itsconclusionsarelikelytobewhattheadvertisingindustryalreadyknows:althoughwomenareoftenirritatedbythewaytheyareseeninads,fewfeelstronglyenoughtocomplain.

Womenarenottheonlyvictimsofpoorandboringstereotypes—inmanyTVcommercialsmenareseeneitherasuseless,childishoafs(笨蛋)whoareunabletoperformthesimplesthouseholdtasks,orasinconsiderateboors,permanentlyonthelookoutforanescapetothepub.Butitiswomenwhoseemtobearthebruntoftheindustry’sapparentinabilitytoputpeopleintoanauthenticpresent-daycontext.

YetaccordingtoEmmaBennett,executivecreativedirectorofaLondonadvertisingagency,womenarenotinfuriatedbystereotypesandsexistadvertising.Ittendstowashoverthem,theyarenotmilitantorangry—theyjustfinditannoyingortiresome.Theyreluctantlyacceptoutdatedstereotypes,butheaveasighofreliefwhenanadvertisementreallygetsitright.

Shesaysthatitisnotadvertising’suseofthehousewiferolethatbotherswomen,butthewayinwhichitishandled.“Researchershaveoftenaskedthewrongquestions.Themostimportantthingistheadvertisement’stoneofvoice.Womenhatebeingpatronized,flatteredorgivendesperatelydown-to-earthcommonsenseadvice.”

Intheend,theresponsibilityforgoodadvertisingmustbesharedbetweentheadvertiser,theadvertisingagencyandtheconsumer.Advertisingdoesnotsettrendsbutitreflectsthem.Itisuptotheconsumertotelladvertiserswheretheyfail,anduntilpeopleonthereceivingendtakethebusinessseriouslyandmaketheirfeelingsknown,theprocessofchangewillremainlaboriouslyslow.

1.Despiterecentchangesinattitudes,someadvertisementsstillfailto（

）.

2.Accordingtothewriter,thecommonestfaultofpresent-dayadvertisingisto（

）.

3.EmmaBennettsuggeststhatadvertisementoughtto（

）.

4.Ultimatelytheadvertisingindustryshould（

）.

5.Theauthorseemstosuggestthatinordertoimproveadvertisingthecustomershould（

）.

問題1選項

A.changewomen’sopinionsofthemselves

B.meettheneedsoftheadvertisingindustry

C.persuadethepublictobuycertainproducts

D.showanyunderstandingofwomen’sfeelings

問題2選項

A.presentamisleadingimageofwomen

B.ignoreprotestsagainstadvertisements

C.misrepresenttheactivitiesofmen

D.condemntheroleofthehousewife

問題3選項

A.usemaleimagesinsteadoffemaleones

B.givefurtheremphasistopracticaladvice

C.changetheirstyleratherthantheircontent

D.paymorecomplimentstowomenthanbefore

問題4選項

A.takeitsjobmoreearnestly

B.domorepioneeringwork

C.takenoticeofthepublicopinion

D.concentrateontheproductsadvertised

問題5選項

A.takenonoticeofwhatisreflectedinads

B.remindadvertisersofwhathavebeenoverlooked

C.takeoverthemanagementofadvertisingagencies

D.refusetobuyproductsmisrepresentedbysomeads

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第一段最后一句中“Howcanadvertisersandadagenciesstillproduce,sometimes,aftermonthsofresearch,advertisingthatoffendstheconsumer？廣告商和廣告公司怎么能在經過數月的研究之后，還能生產出冒犯消費者的廣告呢？”可推知一些廣告仍然沒有對消費者的感受表示出任何理解的跡象，故答案選D。

2.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第三段“Butitiswomenwhoseemtobearthebruntoftheindustry’sapparentinabilitytoputpeopleintoanauthenticpresent-daycontext.但是，女性似乎首當其沖地承受著這個行業(yè)明顯的無能，無法將人們置于真實的當今環(huán)境中?！笨赏浦髡哒J為當前的廣告最普遍的錯誤就是沒有把女性放在真實的處境中，呈現(xiàn)出不真實的女性形象，答案選A。

3.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第五段第一句“Shesaysthatitisnotadvertising’suseofthehousewiferolethatbotherswomen,butthewayinwhichitishandled.她說，困擾女性的并不是廣告對家庭主婦角色的使用，而是在于處理它的方式?！庇纱丝赏茢嗨ㄗh廣告應該改變方式，而不是內容，故答案選C。

4.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。結合文章最后一段可知優(yōu)秀的廣告應該由廣告商、廣告機構和消費者共同完成，由此可推斷廣告業(yè)應該注重民意。答案選C。

5.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。定位到文章最后一段“Itisuptotheconsumertotelladvertiserswheretheyfail,anduntilpeopleonthereceivingendtakethebusinessseriouslyandmaketheirfeelingsknown,theprocessofchangewillremainlaboriouslyslow.消費者應該告訴廣告商他們失敗的地方；而改變的過程將會非常緩慢，直到作為接受方的消費者認真對待這件事，并讓他們的感覺被廣告商知道?！庇纱丝芍鸢高xB。

28.單選題

Todaybusinesscardsaredistributedwithabandonbyworkingpeopleofallsocialclasses,illustratingnotonlytheubiquityofcommercialinterestsbutalsothefluidityoftheworldoftrade.Whetheroneisbuttonholingpotentialclientsforacarpentryservice,announcingone’slatestacademicappointment,or“networking”withfellowexecutives,itispermissibletoadvertiseone’stalentsandavailabilitybyanoutstretchedhandandthestatement“Here’smycard.”AsRobertLouisStevensononceobserved,everybodymakeshislivingbysellingsomething.Businesscardsfacilitatethisendeavor.

Ithasnotalwaysbeenthisway.Thecardsthatweusetodayforcommercialpurposesareavulgarizationofthenineteenth-centurysocialcallingcards,anartifactwithaquitedifferentpurpose.IntheGildedAge,possessingacallingcardindicatednotthatyouwereinterestedinformingbusinessrelationships,butthatyourmoneywassooldthatyouhadnoneedtomakealiving.Forthecalling-cardclass,lifewasacontinualroundofsocialvisits,andtheprotocol（禮儀）governingthesevisitswasinextricablylinkedtotheproperuseofcards.PickupanyetiquettemanualpredatingWorldWarⅠ,andyouwillfindwholechaptersdevotedtosuchquestionsaswhetherasinglegentlemanmayleaveacardforalady;whenaladymust,andmustnot,turndowntheedgesofacard;andwhetheranunmarriedgirlofbetweenfourteenandseventeenmaycarrymorethansixorlessthanthirteencardsinherpurseinmonthsbeginningwitha“J”.Thecallingcardsystemwasespeciallycherishedbythosewhomadenodistinctionbetweenmannersandmereform,anditspreciousnesswaswelldefinedbyMrs.JohnSherwood.Her1887manualcalledthecard“thefieldmarkanddevice”ofcivilization.

Thebusinessversionofthecallingcardcameinaroundtheturnofthecentury,whentheformerlywell-definedbordersbetweenthecommercialandthepersonalrealmswereusedwidely,societymavens(專家)considereditunforgivabletofusethetworealms.EmilyPost’scontemporaryLilianEichlercalleditverypoortastetousebusinesscardsforsocialpurposes,andaslateas1967AmyVanderbiltcounseledthatthemerchant’smarker“mayneverdoubleforsocialpurposes”.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,peopledistributetheirbusinesscardsinorderto（

）.

2.Thesentence“yourmoneywassoold”inthesecondparagraphmeans（

）.

3.WhatisNOTtrueaboutthecalling-cardclassinthe19thcentury?

4.Accordingtothepassage,businesscardsarelikelytohaveappeared（

）.

5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTstatedorimpliedinthepassage?

問題1選項

A.maketheirliving

B.showtheirsocialstatus

C.facilitatesellingtheirproducts

D.illustratethefluidityoftheworldoftrade

問題2選項

A.youhadalotofmoney.

B.yourmoneywasuseless.

C.youhadanoldpoundnote.

D.youinheritedafortunefromyourancestor

問題3選項

A.Theyusedtheircallingcardstowinladies’favor.

B.Therewereguidebooksontheprotocolforthemtoread.

C.Theylivedaleisuredlifewithoutworryingaboutearningaliving.

D.Theiruseofcardswassupposedtogobyasetofcomplexrulesofmanner.

問題4選項

A.after1967

B.afterWorldWarⅠ

C.atthebeginningofthe19thcentury

D.atthebeginningofthe20th

問題5選項

A.Mostpeoplethinkitimpropertousebusinesscardsforsocialpurposes.

B.Today’sbusinesscardsareavulgarizationofthe19th-centurysocialcallingcard.

C.Inthe19thcentury,possessingacallingcardindicatedone’shighsocialposition.

D.Inthe19thcentury,thecalling-cardclassneverusedtheircardsforcommercialpurposes.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。定位到文章第一段最后兩句“AsRobertLouisStevensononceobserved,everybodymakeshislivingbysellingsomething.Businesscardsfacilitatethisendeavor.正如羅伯特?路易斯?史蒂文森曾經說過，每個人靠賣東西為生。商務名片促進了這一努力?！庇纱丝芍?，人們遞商務名片是為了賣產品，選項C符合上下文語境，為正確答案。

2.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細節(jié)推斷題。定位到文章第二段第三句“IntheGildedAge,possessingacallingcardindicatednotthatyouwereinterestedinformingbusinessrelationships,butthatyourmoneywassooldthatyouhadnoneedtomakealiving.在鍍金時代，擁有名片并不意味著你有興趣結成商務關系，而是你有遺產，所以你不需要為生計犯愁。”由此可知題干句子的意思應該指從祖先那里得到一大筆遺產之意。oldmoney意為“祖?zhèn)鬟z產”，故正確答案選D。

3.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細節(jié)推斷題。定位到文章第二段“Forthecalling-cardclass,lifewasacontinualroundofsocialvisits他們的日子就是在社交活動中打發(fā)的”可知選項C符合文意；由“theprotocolgoverningthesevisitswasinextricablylinkedtotheproperuseofcards管理這些社交活動的禮儀與正確使用卡片有著千絲萬縷的聯(lián)系”可知他們在社交活動中交換名片是需遵守復雜的禮儀規(guī)范，因此選項D沒錯，以及由“PickupanyetiquettemanualpredatingWorldWarⅠ,andyouwillfindwholechaptersdevotedtosuchquestionsaswhetherasinglegentlemanmayleaveacardforalady在第一次世界大戰(zhàn)前，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)所有的禮儀手冊里面整個章節(jié)都在討論這樣的問題：一個單身男士是否可以給女士遞名片。”可知選項B無誤；選項A文章中沒有提及，因此答案選A。

4.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細節(jié)判斷題。定位到文章第二段“Thecardsthatweusetodayforcommercialpurposesareavulgarizationofthenineteenth-centurysocialcallingcards,anartifactwithaquitedifferentpurpose.我們今天用于商業(yè)目的的卡片是19世紀社會名片的俗化，是一種具有完全不同目的的工藝品?！币约拔恼碌谌蔚谝痪渲小癟hebusinessversionofthecallingcardcameinaroundtheturnofthecentury...拜帖的商業(yè)版本（名片）出現(xiàn)在世紀之交……”；由此推斷選項D最符合句子意思。

5.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細節(jié)判斷題。定位到文章第二段第三句“IntheGildedAge,possessingacallingcardindicatednotthatyouwereinterestedinformingbusinessrelationships,butthatyourmoneywassooldthatyouhadnoneedtomakealiving.在鍍金時代，擁有商業(yè)