2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-外交學(xué)院考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)7

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-外交學(xué)院考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Hewasalwaysdecliningtheirinvitationsonthe（）ofillhealth.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.grounds

B.reason

C.excuse

D.cause

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定短語(yǔ)搭配。根據(jù)題干可知考查onthegroundof“以……為理由，根據(jù)”。句意：他總是以身體不好為由拒絕他們的邀請(qǐng)。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Thesnowseemstohaveset（）fortheevening.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.upon

B.in

C.about

D.down

【答案】B

【解析】考查短語(yǔ)辨析。A選項(xiàng)setupon“襲擊；挑撥，唆使；開(kāi)始”；B選項(xiàng)setin“開(kāi)端；來(lái)臨；到來(lái)”；Csetabout選項(xiàng)“開(kāi)始著手；考慮”；D選項(xiàng)setdown“放下；記下；登記；寫(xiě)下”。句意：晚上似乎要下雪了。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

China’sresponsetoNorthKorea’sshellingofYeonpyeongIslandtwoweeksagohasbeenremarkablyflaccid.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.firm

B.shrewd

C.ambiguous

D.limp

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)firm“堅(jiān)定的；牢固的；嚴(yán)格的；結(jié)實(shí)的；堅(jiān)決的；牢牢控制的；堅(jiān)挺的”；B選項(xiàng)shrewd“精明的；狡猾的；機(jī)靈的”；C選項(xiàng)ambiguous“模糊不清的，模棱兩可的；不明確的，不明朗的；引起歧義的”；D選項(xiàng)limp“柔軟的，無(wú)力的；軟弱的”。句意：中國(guó)對(duì)朝鮮兩周前炮擊延坪島的反應(yīng)，一直表現(xiàn)得非常遲緩。flaccid“松弛的，軟弱的；蔫軟的；無(wú)活力的；不見(jiàn)成效的”，D選項(xiàng)與該詞意思最相近，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

LegislativesuccesswillcomeifMr.Obamaisskillfulpoliticallyandisabletowranglesupport

（）keylegislators（）keymomentsintheprocess.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.from,at

B.between,and

C.from,to

D.outof,on

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定短語(yǔ)搭配。supportfrom“來(lái)自……的支持”，supportfromkeylegislators“來(lái)自主要議員的支持”；atkeymoment“在關(guān)鍵時(shí)刻”，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

AnemergencyrightsissuebyHBOSwasaflop:only8.3%oftheBritishbank’ssharesweretakenupbyinvestors.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.misfeasance

B.washout

C.flame

D.optima

【答案】B

【解析】考查近義名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)misfeasance“過(guò)失；行為失檢；不當(dāng)行為”；B選項(xiàng)washout“沖刷；失敗者”；C選項(xiàng)flame“火焰；熱情；光輝”；D選項(xiàng)optima“最合適條件；最佳狀態(tài)”。句意：蘇格蘭哈里法克斯銀行（HBOS）的一次緊急配股發(fā)行失敗了：投資者只認(rèn)購(gòu)了這家英國(guó)銀行8.3%的股份。flop“徹底失敗，不成功；沉重、松散又笨拙的動(dòng)作”，B選項(xiàng)與該詞意思最相近，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Ittakesall（）tomakeaworld.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.peoples

B.colors

C.functions

D.sorts

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)peoples“人；人類；民族；公民”；B選項(xiàng)colors“彩色；顏料；臉色”；C選項(xiàng)functions“功能；智能；函數(shù)”；D選項(xiàng)sorts“種類；程度；品質(zhì)；把……分類，整理；區(qū)分；挑選”。Ittakesallsortstomakeaworld.是一句諺語(yǔ)，意為“一種米養(yǎng)百種人”，表示世界是形形色色的人所組成的。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Momflippedher（）whenshefoundoutIwaspregnant.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.chart

B.finger

C.side

D.lid

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定短語(yǔ)搭配。Flipone’slid是一句美國(guó)俚語(yǔ)，意為發(fā)怒，發(fā)火，失去控制，變得狂熱，大發(fā)脾氣。句意：媽媽發(fā)現(xiàn)我懷孕后大發(fā)雷霆。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

TheGermancompanyretaineda（）positioninhormoneresearch.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.chair

B.pole

C.soap

D.floor

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定短語(yǔ)搭配。A選項(xiàng)chair“椅子；講座；主席位；大學(xué)教授的職位”；B選項(xiàng)pole“桿；極點(diǎn)；電極”；C選項(xiàng)soap“肥皂；將肥皂涂在……上；對(duì)……拍馬屁”；D選項(xiàng)floor“地板，地面；樓層；基底；議員席”。poleposition指的是方程式賽車中的“竿位”，即決賽中排在第一位出發(fā)的選手?！案臀弧庇蓻Q賽前排位賽中成績(jī)最好的車手獲得。此外，poleposition還可表示“跑道內(nèi)圈；有利位置”。句意：這家德國(guó)公司在激素研究方面保持著有利地位。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Haveyoueverreceived（）ofwhathashappenedtoher?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.theword

B.words

C.word

D.thewords

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)theword“這個(gè)詞；某個(gè)特定的詞或話”；B選項(xiàng)words“歌詞，臺(tái)詞，談話，言語(yǔ)”；C選項(xiàng)word“消息，音信，謠言，傳說(shuō)”；D選項(xiàng)thewords“特指某些單詞”。句意：她發(fā)生了什么事情，你得到她的消息了嗎？因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Whatismostimportanttothemonkeysinthesanctuaryisthattheyareagroup;thisissobecauseprimatesareinveterately（）andbuildtheirlivesaroundeachother.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.independent

B.proprietary

C.social

D.stable

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)independent“獨(dú)立的；單獨(dú)的；無(wú)黨派的；不受約束的”；B選項(xiàng)proprietary“專賣的，專營(yíng)的；所有的，所有權(quán)的”；C選項(xiàng)social“社會(huì)的，社交的；群居的”；D選項(xiàng)stable“穩(wěn)定的，牢固的；穩(wěn)重的，沉穩(wěn)的；持久的”。句意：對(duì)于禁獵區(qū)的猴子而言，最重要的一點(diǎn)是它們是一個(gè)群體；這之所以如此，是因?yàn)殪`長(zhǎng)目動(dòng)物具有一種根深蒂固的群居習(xí)性，均圍繞著對(duì)方而營(yíng)造其生活。

11.單選題

Inappealingthecaseagain,youwilljustbekickingagainstthe（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.pricks

B.balls

C.guns

D.winds

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定短語(yǔ)搭配。A選項(xiàng)pricks“（v.）戳；扎破；（使）感到刺痛；（眼睛）發(fā)酸；（使）內(nèi)心痛苦；驅(qū)使；（使）耳朵豎起；（n.）扎；戳孔；沮喪；趕牛棒；笨蛋；穿刺；針刺感；卑鄙的人”；B選項(xiàng)balls“（n.）球；（v.）把……捏成球狀”；C選項(xiàng)guns“（n.）槍支；槍狀物；持槍歹徒；（v.）用槍射擊；加大油門(mén)快速前進(jìn)；向……開(kāi)槍；開(kāi)大油門(mén)”；D選項(xiàng)wind“（n.）風(fēng)；呼吸；氣味；卷繞；（v.）纏繞；上發(fā)條；使彎曲；吹號(hào)角；繞住或纏住某人”。根據(jù)固定搭配kickagainstthepricks“以卵擊石；徒勞的抵抗”可知該題選pricks。句意：你再提起上訴，那是在以卵擊石。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

Mansonwasascientistofunusual（）andimaginationwhohadstartlingsuccessin（）newandfundamentalprincipleswellinadvanceoftheirgeneralrecognition.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.restiveness,acknowledging

B.precision,coordinating

C.candor,dispelling

D.insight,discerning

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞和動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)restiveness,acknowledging“難以駕御；倔強(qiáng)”，“承認(rèn)；答謝；報(bào)償；告知已收到”；B選項(xiàng)precision,coordinating“精度，精密度；精確”，“調(diào)節(jié)，配合；使動(dòng)作協(xié)調(diào)；（衣服、家具等）搭配；與……形成共價(jià)鍵”；C選項(xiàng)candor,dispelling“坦白；直率”；“驅(qū)散，驅(qū)逐；消除（煩惱等）”；D選項(xiàng)insight,discerning“洞察力；洞悉”，“覺(jué)察出；識(shí)別；辨別；了解；隱約看見(jiàn)”。句意：作為一位科學(xué)家，馬里遜具有非凡的洞悉力和想象力，遠(yuǎn)在某些全新的基本原理被人們普遍認(rèn)識(shí)之前，他早就能夠成功地令人吃驚地將其察覺(jué)發(fā)現(xiàn)。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

ItisGasNatural’sthirdattempttohookupwithabigpartnerinSpain’srapidlyconsolidatingpowerindustry,havingbeenrebuffedbyEndesain2005andIberdrolain2003.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.repulsed

B.disclaimed

C.excoriated

D.redintegrated

【答案】B

【解析】考查近義動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)repulse“驅(qū)逐；憎惡”；B選項(xiàng)disclaim“否認(rèn)，拒絕；放棄，棄權(quán)；拒絕承認(rèn)”；C選項(xiàng)excoriate“嚴(yán)厲的責(zé)難；擦破……的皮膚”；D選項(xiàng)redintegrate“使復(fù)原；重建；使更新”。句意：這是西班牙天然氣公司第三次嘗試在西班牙快速鞏固的電力行業(yè)中與大型合作伙伴結(jié)盟，2005年被Endesa公司拒絕，2003年被Iberdrola公司拒絕。rebuff“斷然拒絕”，B選項(xiàng)與該詞詞意最相近，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

I’lltrytogetintouchwithhimbuthe’s（）everathomewhenIphone.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.rarely

B.almost

C.hardly

D.occasionally

【答案】C

【解析】考查副詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)rarely“很少地；難得；罕有地”；B選項(xiàng)almost“差不多，幾乎”；C選項(xiàng)hardly“幾乎不，簡(jiǎn)直不；剛剛”；D選項(xiàng)occasionally“偶爾；間或”。其中hardly帶否定意義，hardlyever含never的意思，可當(dāng)作固定搭配，意為“幾乎從不，幾乎不”。句意：我盡量和他聯(lián)系，但我打電話時(shí)他幾乎不在家。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

Itwasunusualforthere（）sofewstudentsintheclassroom.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.tobe

B.be

C.being

D.are

【答案】A

【解析】考查句式。介詞for后面跟的存在句采用不定式形式。句意：教室里的學(xué)生這么少是不尋常的。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

16.單選題

Hewascockyandbrashandself-mocking.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.insuperable

B.gawky

C.preachy

D.conceited

【答案】D

【解析】考查同義形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)insuperable“不能克服的，無(wú)敵的”；B選項(xiàng)gawky“笨拙的，魯鈍的”；C選項(xiàng)preachy“愛(ài)講道的，愛(ài)嘮叨的”；D選項(xiàng)conceited“自負(fù)的，狂想的，逞能的”。句意：他傲慢自大，自以為是。Brash“無(wú)禮的，傲慢的，倉(cāng)促的，性急的”，D選項(xiàng)與該詞意思最相近，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

17.單選題

WithsomuchfocusontheOhioenergyfirmwhoselapsesmayhavetriggeredtheblackoutof2003,it’sbeenhardtorememberthattherealquestionisnothowitstarted,butwhyitspreadsofarandsofast.Ratherthantacklethatquestionhead-on,mostcommentatorshavereachedfortheusualmetaphors:itwasachainreaction,acascadingfailuresdominoeffect.Alloftheseareborrowedfromthephysicalsciences.Maybeabetterwaytolookatitisinbiologicalterms.

Wealreadyusethelanguageofepidemiologywhenwespeakof“viruses”propagatingacrosstheInternet,“infecting”ourcomputer.Likewise,it’stemptingtoviewtheblackout,spreadingfromlinktolinkalongthepowergrid,asaperniciouskindofelectricalcontagion.Butthat’snotquitetherightmetaphor,either.Theblackoutwasnotcausedbyaninfectiouselectricaldisease;itwascausedbythegrid’simmuneresponsetothethreatofsuchadisease.Inotherwords,thegridsufferedaviolentallergicreaction,asortofanaphylacticshock.

Justasthesymptomsofasevereallergicreactionarecausednotbytheoffendingbeewhostingsitselfbutbytheoverzealousresponseofthebody’simmunesystemtoit,sotheblackoutwasaggravatedbythegrid’sattempttodefenditself,onepowerstationatatime.Threatenedbyatorrentofelectricalenergygoneberserkeroverwhelmedbythesuddenloadsplacedonit,eachpowerplantinturntrippeditscircuitbreakers,detachingitselffromthegrid.Thoughthisstrategyachieveditsdesiredaim-savingeachplant’sgeneratorfrombeingdamaged—itwastoomyopictoservethebestinterestsofthegridasawhole.

Whatisneededisamoresubtle,coordinatedmodeofresponse.Whenourownimmunesystemsareperformingattheirbest,theyorchestratetheirdefensesthroughcountlesschemicalconversationsamongT-cellsandantibodies,enablingthesedefenderstocalibratetheirresponsetopathogens.Inthesameway,thethousandsofpowerplantssubstationsinthegridneedtobeabletocommunicatewithoneanotherwhenanypartofthesystemisbreached,sotheycancollectivelydecidewhichcircuitbreakersshouldbetrippedandwhichcansafelyremainintact.

Thetechnologynecessarytoachievethishasexistedforaboutadecade.Itreliesoncomputer,sensorsandprotectivedevicestiedtogetherbyopticalfibersothatallpartsofthegridwouldbeabletotalktooneanotheratthespeedoflight-fastenoughtogetaheadofanonrushingblackoutandconfineit.

Thesensorswouldcontinuouslymonitorthevoltage,frequencyandotherimportantcharacteristicsoftheelectricitycoursingthroughthetransmissionlines.Whenalineappearedatriskofbeingoverloaded,acomputerwoulddecidewhethertoswitchonaprotectivedevice.Atpresent,suchdecisionsaremadepurelyparochially.Powerplantsdefendthemselvesfirst,anddon’tworryabouttheconsequencesforneighboringplantsonthegrid.Nordotheyconsideranypotentiallyhelpfulorharmfulactionsthatthoseneighborsmightbetakingatthesametime.

Inthenewapproach,eachplantwouldhavenearlyinstantaneousinformationaboutalltheotherplantsandpowerlinesinitsextendedneighborhood.Everyonewouldknowwhateveryoneelsewasdoingandthinking.Asthreatsarose(eitherfromrandomfailuresormaliciousattacks),thesensorswouldfireaflurryofwarningsignalsdowntheopticalfibers,andthenetworkedcomputerswoulddecidewhichprotectivedevicestoactivatetocontainthethreatmosteffectively.Thegridwouldthenberespondingasanintegratedentity,notasaragtagcollectionofselfishunits.Itwouldlookalotlikeanorganismdefendingitself.

Granted,suchadistributedcontrolsystemwouldcostbillionsofdollarsand,inthiseraofderegulation,therewouldbelittleincentiveforenergycompaniestojoinforcesandbuildit,especiallywhenthebigmoneyisinpowergeneration.Buttheconstructionofasystemwideimmunenetworkwouldbewellworththecost.Withoutit,ouroverburdenedgridislikelytofailmoreandmoreoften,andmightevencollapse,withcoststhatwouldbeincalculable,botheconomicallyandintermsofnationalsecurity.Stateandfederalgovernmentsneedtostepinandprovideincentivesforutilitiestodotherightthing.

Ofcourse,evenifthisnewkindofsmartdefensesystemweretobebuiltsomeday,onecanalreadyimagineaninsidiousdisorderthatmighteventuallyoutsmartitandafflictit,acatastrophicdisruptionoftheimmunesystemitself,ratherthanthegridit’ssupposedtoprotect.SuchathingwouldbethetechnologicalanalogofAIDS.

Agrimprospect,perhaps,butarealisticone.Weneedtostoppretendingthatthegridisevergoingtobeaperfectiblemachine.Justasbacteriaeventuallydevelopresistancetotheantibioticsusedtokillthem,thedefenseofthegridwillrequireever-moreinventivestrategiesonourpart.Weshouldrecognizethatthepowergridneedstoevolveandadapt,justlikeanyothersuccessfullivingcreature.

1.Intheauthor’sopinion,whichofthefollowingisanappropriatedescriptionforwhytheblackoutof2003spreadsofarandsofast?（）

2.Theauthor’sattitudetowardstheviewsmadebymostcommentatorsontheblackoutof2003is

（）.

3.Thearticlesaysthebestwaytopreventsuchablackoutfromhappeninginthefutureisto（）.

4.Settingupadistributedcontrolsystemforthegridwouldbe（）.

5.Thearticlepointsoutthattheproposedpreventivemeasuresagainstblackouts（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Acascadingfailure.

B.Anelectricalcontagion.

C.Asevereallergicreaction.

D.Anattackbyviruses.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.positive

B.negative

C.neutral

D.sarcastic

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.developanewsystemtocoordinateallplants

B.buildabettersystemtomakeeachplantmoresensitive

C.makeeachplantmoreindependentofotherplants

D.suspendpowerwhenthesystemisoverloaded

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.welcomedbyallenergycompanies

B.unattractivetoenergycompanies

C.uselesstopreventsuchablackout

D.harmfultonationalsecurity

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.mustcauseacatastrophicdisruptionofthepowergrid

B.aregoingtobeperfectthroughrepeatedpractice

C.appeartoberealisticbutinfactarenotfeasible

D.areejectedtoimproveastimegoesby

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第一段“itwasachainreaction,acascadingfailuresdominoeffect.（這是一個(gè)連鎖反應(yīng)，一個(gè)連鎖失敗的多米諾骨牌效應(yīng)。）”和第二段“Theblackoutwasnotcausedbyaninfectiouselectricaldisease;itwascausedbythegrid’simmuneresponsetothethreatofsuchadisease.Inotherwords,thegridsufferedaviolentallergicreaction,asortofanaphylacticshock.（這次停電并不是由傳染性電疾病引起的；它是由網(wǎng)格對(duì)這種疾病威脅的免疫反應(yīng)引起的。換句話說(shuō)，電網(wǎng)遭受了劇烈的過(guò)敏反應(yīng)，一種過(guò)敏性休克。）”由此可知這次停電是一次過(guò)敏反應(yīng)。A選項(xiàng)“連鎖故障”；B選項(xiàng)“電傳染病”；D選項(xiàng)“病毒攻擊”說(shuō)法都不正確，只有C選項(xiàng)“嚴(yán)重的過(guò)敏反應(yīng)”符合題意，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

2.作者意圖題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第一段“Ratherthantacklethatquestionhead-on,mostcommentatorshavereachedfortheusualmetaphors:itwasachainreaction,acascadingfailuresdominoeffect.（大多數(shù)評(píng)論家沒(méi)有正面回答這個(gè)問(wèn)題，而是用了一些常見(jiàn)的比喻：這是一個(gè)連鎖反應(yīng)，一個(gè)連鎖失敗的多米諾骨牌效應(yīng)。）”以及第二段作者說(shuō)到“Butthat’snotquitetherightmetaphor,either.（但這也不是一個(gè)正確的比喻。）”，由此可知作者并不認(rèn)同多數(shù)評(píng)論家的比喻。A選項(xiàng)“積極的”不正確；B選項(xiàng)“消極的”正確；C選項(xiàng)“中立的”以及D選項(xiàng)“諷刺的”都不是作者的態(tài)度，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第四段“Whatisneededisamoresubtle,coordinatedmodeofresponse.（現(xiàn)在需要的是一種更微妙、更協(xié)調(diào)的反應(yīng)模式。）”。A選項(xiàng)“開(kāi)發(fā)一個(gè)新的系統(tǒng)來(lái)協(xié)調(diào)所有的發(fā)電廠”；C選項(xiàng)“讓每個(gè)發(fā)電廠獨(dú)立于其他電廠”和D選項(xiàng)“系統(tǒng)過(guò)載時(shí)暫停供電”都不符合題意，只有B選項(xiàng)“建立一個(gè)更好的系統(tǒng)，使每個(gè)發(fā)電廠更加靈敏”符合題意，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第八段“Granted,suchadistributedcontrolsystemwouldcostbillionsofdollarsand,inthiseraofderegulation,therewouldbelittleincentiveforenergycompaniestojoinforcesandbuildit,especiallywhenthebigmoneyisinpowergeneration.（誠(chéng)然，這樣一個(gè)分布式控制系統(tǒng)將花費(fèi)數(shù)十億美元，而且在這個(gè)放松管制的時(shí)代，能源公司將沒(méi)有什么動(dòng)力聯(lián)合起來(lái)建設(shè)它，尤其是當(dāng)最大的錢在發(fā)電上的時(shí)候。）”，由此可知該分布式控制系統(tǒng)并不受能源公司的歡迎。A選項(xiàng)“受到所有能源公司的歡迎”說(shuō)法錯(cuò)誤；B選項(xiàng)“對(duì)能源公司沒(méi)有吸引力”說(shuō)法正確；C選項(xiàng)“阻止這樣的停電是沒(méi)有用的”以及D選項(xiàng)“危害國(guó)家安全”文中均沒(méi)有提到。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第十段“Agrimprospect,perhaps,butarealisticone.（也許前景黯淡，但卻是現(xiàn)實(shí)的。）”，由此可知雖然該措施看起來(lái)可行，但是前景黯淡。A選項(xiàng)“一定會(huì)對(duì)電網(wǎng)造成災(zāi)難性的破壞”；B選項(xiàng)“通過(guò)反復(fù)的練習(xí)會(huì)變得完美”；D選項(xiàng)“隨著時(shí)間的推移被逐出改善”都不符合題意，只有C選項(xiàng)“看似現(xiàn)實(shí)，實(shí)則不可行”符合題意，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

18.單選題

Forthesuccessoftheproject,thecompanyshould（）themostoftheopportunitiesathand.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.obtain

B.grasp

C.catch

D.make

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)obtain“獲得；流行”；B選項(xiàng)grasp“抓牢，握緊；試圖抓??；理解，領(lǐng)悟；毫不猶豫地抓?。C(jī)會(huì)）”；C選項(xiàng)catch“趕上；抓?。桓腥?；了解”；D選項(xiàng)make“使得；進(jìn)行；布置，準(zhǔn)備，整理；制造；認(rèn)為；獲得；形成；安排；引起”。seize/grasp/grab/taketheopportunity“抓住機(jī)會(huì)”，句中的themostof修飾theopportunities，可視為shouldgrasp(themostof)theopportunities。句意：為了項(xiàng)目的成功，公司應(yīng)該抓住大部分到手的機(jī)會(huì)。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

19.單選題

Ajointcommunique,signedonAugust17,1982,arrestedtheprecipitousdeteriorationoftherelationsbetweenWashingtonandBeijingbutasalwaysseemedtopromisemorethanwouldbedelivered.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.propitious

B.precipitant

C.propensitious

D.frivolous

【答案】B

【解析】考查近義形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)propitious“適合的；吉利的；順利的”；B選項(xiàng)precipitant“急促的；匆忙的；突如其來(lái)的；輕率的”；C選項(xiàng)propensitious不存在；D選項(xiàng)frivolous“無(wú)聊的；輕佻的；瑣碎的”。句意：1982年8月17日簽署的一份聯(lián)合公報(bào)制止了華盛頓和北京之間關(guān)系的急劇惡化，但一如既往地似乎承諾了更多的東西。precipitous“險(xiǎn)峻的；急躁的，魯莽的”，B選項(xiàng)與該詞詞意最相近，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

20.單選題

（）isgenerallyaccepted,economicgrowthisdeterminedbythesmoothdevelopmentofproduction.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.What

B.That

C.It

D.As

【答案】D

【解析】考查as的用法。as可作關(guān)系代詞引出非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，代替整個(gè)主句，意為“如……一樣，像……一樣”等；as引導(dǎo)的從句一般用逗號(hào)與主句隔開(kāi)，可以位于主句的前面、中間或后面。句意：人們普遍認(rèn)為，經(jīng)濟(jì)的增長(zhǎng)取決于生產(chǎn)的順利發(fā)展。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

21.單選題

Caruthers’slatestliterarycriticism（）herreputationfortrenchantcommentary;despiteitsintriguingtitleandthefulsomepraiseonitsdustjacket,itisnothingmorethanacollectionof（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.reinforces,pronouncements

B.advances,aphorisms

C.belies,platitudes

D.undermines,judgments

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞和名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)reinforces,pronouncements“加強(qiáng)，加固；強(qiáng)化；補(bǔ)充”，“聲明；宣告；公告；判決”；B選項(xiàng)advances,aphorisms“提出；預(yù)付；使……前進(jìn)；將……提前；前進(jìn)；進(jìn)展；上漲”，“格言；警句”；C選項(xiàng)belies,platitudes“掩飾；與……不符；使失望；證明……虛假錯(cuò)誤”，“陳詞濫調(diào)；平凡；陳腐”；D選項(xiàng)undermines,judgments

“破壞，漸漸破壞；挖掘地基”，“判斷；裁判；判決書(shū)；辨別力”。句意：卡拉瑟斯最新的文學(xué)批評(píng)掩蓋了她犀利評(píng)論的名聲；盡管書(shū)名引人入勝，書(shū)皮上也有溢美之詞，但這本書(shū)不過(guò)是陳詞濫調(diào)的集合。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

22.單選題

ThepompandceremonywithwhichPresidentBarackObamawillhostIndia’sPrimeMinisterManmohanSinghataWhiteHouse-statedinneronTuesdaywon’talteraperceptioninIndiathatithaslostgroundtoChinainthenewAdministration’sAsiapolicy.ManyinNewDelhisawObama’sperformancelastweekinBeijingasacquiescenttowardanemboldenedBeijing,NewDelhi’slongtimeregionalrival.AndtheyseeIndiahavingadiminishedroleintheeconomicandgeopoliticalcalculationsofObama’sWhiteHouse—atleastincomparisontothecentralityitenjoyedintheBushAdministration’sAsiapolicy.

TheymayhavewincedathisblundersinIraqandelsewhere,butmanyIndianswelcomedPresidentBush’sembrace,whichstrengthenedtiesbetweentheworld’slargestdemocraciestoanunprecedenteddegreeafterdecadesofColdWarestrangement.SinghfacedoppositionathomefrompartiesskepticalofclosetieswiththeU.S.,butstakedhispoliticalreputationonthegrowingrelationship—hisgovernmentwasalmostdeposedbypartiesoftheleftprotestinganuclear—technologydealheconcludedwiththeBushAdministration.

“UnderBush,IndiawasbeingencouragedtobeanAsianpower,”saysBrahmaChellaney,professorofstrategicstudiesattheCentreforPolicyResearch,aNewDelhi-basedthinktank.ImplicitintheBushagendawastheideaofhelpingarisingIndiabecomeademocraticbulwarkagainstauthoritarianChina.“Now”saysChellaney,“Obamaseesthingsthroughadifferentprism.”

OneexampleofthechangehasbeentheObamaAdministration’sscrappingofwhathadbeenknownasthequadrilateralinitiative,aloosealliancebetweenWashingtonandthreeotherprominentdemocraciesintheregion—India,JapanandAustralia—thatstagedjointnavalexercisesin2008.Chinasawtheinitiativeasdesignedtocreateasecuritybloctocontainit,andintheinterestsofimprovingrelationswithBeijing,Obamahasdeclinedtopursueit.

IndiananalystsbelieveObama’sforeignpolicyteammostlythinksofIndiainthecontextofotherregionalchallenges,particularlythedeterioratingsituationinAfghanistanandPakistan.China,withitsboomingeconomyandpositionasAmerica’sprimarycreditor,nowcarriesfarmoreweightinU.S.calculations.“ThegroundrealityisIndiaatthemomentdoesnotcountfortheU.S.inthesamewaythatChinaandPakistando,”saysBahukutumbiRaman,aformertopIndianintelligenceofficialandheadoftheCentreforTopicalStudiesinChennai.

Partofthepriceforthatnewreality,manyinIndiabelieve,isadowngradingoftheirownconcerns.SinghwillbeintheU.S.ontheanniversaryoflastyear’sMumbaiterrorattacks,traditionaltiestoPakistan’smilitaryintelligenceorganization,theISI.ButwhileObamaandhisAfghanistanenvoy,RichardHolbrooke,haveurgedIndiatomakeconcessionsonthedecades-oldKashmirdisputeinordertohelpWashington’seffortstopersuadethePakistanistofocusmoreresourcesonfightingtheTaliban,littlehasbeendonetocoercePakistantocrackdownonextremistgroupsusingitsterritoryasabasefortargetingIndia.TheagendaforSingh’svisitincludestalksonboostingintelligenceandcounterterrorismefforts,butIndiaremainsunwillingtobroachKashmirwithPakistanuntilIslamabaddemonstratesacommitmenttocrackdownonjihadistgroupsinitsmidst.

MoretroublingfortheIndiansthantheObamaAdministration’sprioritizingofAfghanistanwasaparagraphinthejointstatementreleasedduringthePresidentsBeijingvisit:itwelcomedChineseinvolvementinSouthAsiaandspokeofBeijing’sabilityto“promotepeace,stabilityanddevelopmentinthatregion.”InNewDelhi,thiswasreadasasignofU.S.acceptanceofChinaviewingSouthAsia—India’sneighborhood—aspartofitsownsphereofinfluence.Chellaneysawthestatementasa“returntoakindofColdWarthinkingwheretwogreatpowerscandictatetermstoalesserone.”China’slong-standingborderdisputeswithIndia,anditsbuildingupofthePakistanimilitary,makesmanyinNewDelhireluctanttowelcomeBeijingasabenignpresence.Indeed,somefearIndiaisbeingencircledbyChineselisteningpostsandbasesaroundtheIndianOcean.AndwhentensionsspikedlastmonthoverChinapressingitsclaimtoterritoryinsideIndia,theU.S.remainedsilent.India’sgovernmentinsiststhere’sroomenoughforbothIndiaandChinatopeacefullyemergeasworldpowers,andSinghhasmadenocomplaintsaboutthechangeinatmosphereinWashington.Hisvisit,heinsists,issimplyanopportunity“torenewthepartnership.”It’lllooktoformalizeelementsofthenucleardealpennedlastyear,whichgrantsIndiaaccesstoarangeoftechnologiesthatithadpreviouslybeenblockedfromacquiring.Measureswillalsobetakentoexpandtrade,promoteeducationallinksandboostcooperationonresearchintovaccines.Thetwosidesarealsoexpectedtosoundtherightnotesonclimatechangewithoutmakinganysubstantialcommitments.

Despitetheirconcernsaboutrecentdevelopmentsintherelationship,manyinIndiaareconfidentintheircountry’slong-termtieswiththeU.S.Morethan3-millionpeopleofIndianoriginnowliveintheU.S.,whileIndianscomprisethebiggestpoolofforeignstudentsinAmericanuniversities,andwealthyIndianprofessionalsarecreatinganincreasinglyeffectiveIndialobbyinWashington.“Indiamaynotbethetopprioritynow”saysRaman,“butthere’snoreasonwhyitwon’tbeinthefuture.”

1.HowdidtheIndiansperceiveObama’sAsianPolicy?

2.WhydoesObamachoosenottopursuethequadrilateralinitiative?

3.FortheIndiagovernment,whatwouldbethedownsideofObama’sAsianpolicy?

4.HowdoestheIndiangovernmentinterpretthejointstatementreleasedduringObama’svisitinBeijing?

5.WhichofthefollowingstatementisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.TheybelievedtheObamaAdministrationappreciatedthefactthatBeijingwasbecomingbolder.

B.TheybelievedIndialostitscentralplaceintheBushAdministrationandObamafurtherdiminisheditsrole.

C.TheythoughtObamawastryingtofurtherstraintherelationsbetweenChinaandIndia,thetwolongtimeregionalrivals.

D.TheywereworryingthatIndiawasslightedbytheObamaAdministration.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.BecausetheObamaAdministrationbelievesChinashouldbeincludedinthealliance.

B.BecausetheObamaAdministrationbelievesthejointnavalexercisesin2008posedathreatandthusirritatedChina.

C.BecauseinObama’sAsianpolicy,BeijingoutweighsIndia.

D.BecausetheObamaAdministrationdoesnottakeIndiaasaregionalpowerbutratheranelementinthepursuitofregionalpeace.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.IndiawilllosesupportfromtheU.S.inmanyissuesofitsmajorconcern.

B.Thelong-standingborderdisputesbetweenIndiaandChinawouldnotbesolvedinthenearfuture.

C.IndiawouldfacemoreproblemscrackingdownterrorismsupportedbyPakistan.

D.IndiawouldfeelpowerlessincontainingChina.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.AColdWarwouldbreakoutbetweenIndiaandChina.

B.ChinawouldexertherinfluencetoSouthAsiancountries,includingIndia.

C.TheU.S.andChinawouldjointlycontainIndiawhichisanemergingpower.

D.PakistanwouldgetmoresupportfromChinaandtheU.S.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.SomeIndiananalystsareoptimisticabouttheIndian-USrelations.

B.LiketheBushAdministration,theObamaAdministrationtakesbothChinaandIndiaasrisingpowers.

C.TheObamaAdministrationprioritizesAfghanistanandPakistaninitsAsianpolicy.

D.Singh’svisitisto,amongothers,expandtrade,boostintelligenceandcounterterrorismeffortsandnegotiatewiththeObamaAdministrationaboutthefutureroleofIndiainAmericanAsianpolicy.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第一段的最后一句話“AndtheyseeIndiahavingadiminishedroleintheeconomicandgeopoliticalcalculationsofObama’sWhiteHouse—atleastincomparisontothecentralityitenjoyedintheBushAdministration’sAsiapolicy.（他們還認(rèn)為，印度在奧巴馬白宮的經(jīng)濟(jì)和地緣政治計(jì)算中的作用正在減弱，至少與它在布什政府的亞洲政策中所享有的中心地位相比是如此。）”，由此可推斷出印度人擔(dān)心被美國(guó)輕視。A選項(xiàng)“他們認(rèn)為奧巴馬政府意識(shí)到北京正在變得更加大膽”；B選項(xiàng)“他們認(rèn)為印度在布什政府中失去了中心地位，奧巴馬進(jìn)一步削弱了它的作用”；C選項(xiàng)“他們認(rèn)為奧巴馬是在試圖進(jìn)一步加劇中國(guó)和印度這兩個(gè)長(zhǎng)期的地區(qū)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手之間的關(guān)系”；D選項(xiàng)“他們擔(dān)心印度被奧巴馬政府輕視”。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第四段“theObamaAdministration’sscrappingofwhathadbeenknownasthequadrilateralinitiative（奧巴馬政府取消了所謂的四方倡議）”和“Chinasawtheinitiativeasdesignedtocreateasecuritybloctocontainit,andintheinterestsofimprovingrelationswithBeijing,Obamahasdeclinedtopursueit.（中國(guó)認(rèn)為這一舉措旨在建立一個(gè)安全集團(tuán)來(lái)遏制中國(guó)，為了改善與北京的關(guān)系，奧巴馬拒絕推行這一舉措。）”，由此可推斷出奧巴馬放棄四方倡議是因?yàn)榧づ酥袊?guó)。A選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)閵W巴馬政府認(rèn)為，中國(guó)應(yīng)該加入該聯(lián)盟”；B選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)閵W巴馬政府認(rèn)為2008年的聯(lián)合海軍演習(xí)對(duì)中國(guó)構(gòu)成了威脅，因此激怒了中國(guó)”；C選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樵趭W巴馬的亞洲政策中，北京比印度重要”；D選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)閵W巴馬政府不把印度當(dāng)作一個(gè)地區(qū)大國(guó)，而是在追求地區(qū)和平的一個(gè)因素”。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第六段“ButwhileObamaandhisAfghanistanenvoy,RichardHolbrooke,haveurgedIndiatomakeconcessionsonthedecades-oldKashmirdisputeinordertohelpWashington’seffortstopersuadethePakistanistofocusmoreresourcesonfightingtheTaliban,littlehasbeendonetocoercePakistantocrackdownonextremistgroupsusingitsterritoryasabasefortargetingIndia.（但是，盡管奧巴馬和他的阿富汗特使理查德?霍爾布魯克敦促印度在克什米爾爭(zhēng)端問(wèn)題上做出讓步，以幫助華盛頓說(shuō)服巴基斯坦將更多資源集中在打擊塔利班上，在迫使巴基斯坦打擊以其領(lǐng)土為基地以印度為目標(biāo)的極端組織方面，幾乎沒(méi)有采取什么行動(dòng)。）”，由此可推斷出印度和巴基斯坦之間將面臨更多問(wèn)題。A選項(xiàng)“印度將在其主要關(guān)注的許多問(wèn)題上失去美國(guó)的支持”；B選項(xiàng)“印度和中國(guó)之間長(zhǎng)期存在的邊界爭(zhēng)端不會(huì)在近期得到解決”；C選項(xiàng)“印度打擊巴基斯坦支持的恐怖主義將面臨更多問(wèn)題”；D選項(xiàng)“印度將感到無(wú)力遏制中國(guó)”，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第七段“thiswasreadasasignofU.S.acceptanceofChinaviewingSouthAsia—India’sneighborhood—aspartofitsownsphereofinfluence.（這被解讀為美國(guó)接受中國(guó)將南亞和印度的鄰國(guó)視為自己勢(shì)力范圍的一部分。）”，由此可推斷出中國(guó)將會(huì)對(duì)南亞國(guó)家施加影響。A選項(xiàng)“印度和中國(guó)之間將爆發(fā)冷戰(zhàn)”；B選項(xiàng)“中國(guó)將對(duì)南亞國(guó)家施加影響，包括印度”；C選項(xiàng)“美國(guó)和中國(guó)將聯(lián)合遏制印度這個(gè)新興大國(guó)”；D選項(xiàng)“巴基斯坦將從中國(guó)和美國(guó)獲得更多支持”。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章最后一段“Indiamaynotbethetopprioritynow…butthere’snoreasonwhyitwon’tbeinthefuture.（印度現(xiàn)在可能不是最優(yōu)先考慮的國(guó)家……但沒(méi)有理由未來(lái)不會(huì)。）”，由此可知印度人對(duì)印美未來(lái)的關(guān)系仍持樂(lè)觀態(tài)度。因此A選項(xiàng)“一些印度分析人士對(duì)印美關(guān)系持樂(lè)觀態(tài)度”正確。B選項(xiàng)“和布什政府一樣，奧巴馬政府把中國(guó)和印度都視為正在崛起的大國(guó)”；C選項(xiàng)“奧巴馬政府在其亞洲政策中優(yōu)先考慮阿富汗和巴基斯坦”；D選項(xiàng)“辛格此行的目的包括擴(kuò)大貿(mào)易、加強(qiáng)情報(bào)工作和反恐努力，以及與奧巴馬政府就印度未來(lái)在美國(guó)亞洲政策中所扮演的角色進(jìn)行談判”說(shuō)法都有誤，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

23.單選題

TheRepublicanlandslideinthe2010mid-termssweptanewbreedofconservativezealotintooffice,destroyingthemiddlegroundandmakinglegislatingnexttoimpossible.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.sensation

B.teetering

C.fanatic

D.prod

【答案】C

【解析】考查同義名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)sensation“感覺(jué)，轟動(dòng)，感動(dòng)”；B選項(xiàng)teeter“蹺蹺板，搖擺不定”；C選項(xiàng)fanatic“狂熱入迷者，狂熱分子，盲信者”；D選項(xiàng)prod“戳，捅，刺戳的工具，刺激，提醒”。句意：共和黨在2010年中期選舉中取得壓倒性勝利，將一批新一代的保守狂熱分子推上了白宮，摧毀了中間立場(chǎng)，使得立法幾乎不可能。Zealot“狂熱者，猶太教狂熱信徒”，C選項(xiàng)與該詞意思最相近，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

24.單選題

GiladShalit,anIsraelisoldierheldformorethanfiveyearsbyHamas,theIslamistPalestiniangroupthatrunsGaza,wasfreedinexchange（）1,027Palestinianprisoners.Thefirstbatchof477ofthemwasreleasedthisweek;theremainderareexpectedtobelet（）nextmonth.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.for,out

B.for,off

C.of,out

D.of,off

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。inexchangefor“用……交換(物品間交換)”；inexchangeof“換取”；let(sb)off“寬恕，使爆炸/爆發(fā)”；let(sb)out“釋放/放出，泄露，出租”。句意：吉拉德?沙利特，一名被管理加沙的巴勒斯坦伊斯蘭組織哈馬斯關(guān)押了5年多的以色列士兵，以交換1027名巴勒斯坦囚犯為條件后獲釋。其中的477人已于本周獲釋，其余的人預(yù)計(jì)將于下月獲釋。由題意可知第一空應(yīng)該填inexchangeof，第二空應(yīng)填letout，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

25.單選題

Wouldsuchadealfly?OnesourceclosetoHouseRepublicanstellsme:“Ithinkthey’dtakeit;they’reholdingnocardsatthemoment…Thecappingofdeductionswouldbeverymagnanimousandagoodwaytolaythegroundworkfornegotiatingrealtaxreform.”

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.magnificent

B.benevolent

C.prodigious

D.favoring

【答案】B

【解析】考查同