2022年考研考博-考博英語-外交學(xué)院考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號98

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-外交學(xué)院考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

ThefunnylookingmanwhomthegirlmetonthestreetofPrincetonwas（）AlbertEinstein.

問題1選項

A.nonebut

B.noneotherbut

C.nootherbut

D.nobodybut

【答案】B

【解析】考查短語辨析。A選項nonebut“僅有；無；只有……才”；B選項noneotherbut與noneotherthan意思相同，意為“不是別人，正是……”；C選項nootherbut沒有這種用法；D選項nobodybut“除了……沒有人”。句意：那個女孩在普林斯頓大街上遇到的長相滑稽的男人不是別人，正是阿爾伯特?愛因斯坦。因此B選項正確。

2.單選題

（）isgenerallyaccepted,economicgrowthisdeterminedbythesmoothdevelopmentofproduction.

問題1選項

A.What

B.That

C.It

D.As

【答案】D

【解析】考查as的用法。as可作關(guān)系代詞引出非限制性定語從句，代替整個主句，意為“如……一樣，像……一樣”等；as引導(dǎo)的從句一般用逗號與主句隔開，可以位于主句的前面、中間或后面。句意：人們普遍認(rèn)為，經(jīng)濟(jì)的增長取決于生產(chǎn)的順利發(fā)展。因此D選項正確。

3.單選題

Weknowshewasalwaysas（）asherword,sowetrustedher.

問題1選項

A.good

B.honest

C.faithful

D.true

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定短語搭配。A選項good“（adj.）好的；優(yōu)良的；愉快的；虔誠的；（n.）好處；善行；慷慨的行為；（adv.）好”；B選項honest“誠實的，實在的；可靠的；坦率的”；C選項faithful“忠實的，忠誠的；如實的；準(zhǔn)確可靠的”；D選項true“（adj.）真實的；正確的；（adv.）真實地；準(zhǔn)確地；（n.）真實；準(zhǔn)確”。根據(jù)固定搭配beasgoodasone’sword“說話算數(shù)，守信”可知本題選good。句意：我們知道她一向信守諾言，所以我們信任她。因此A選項正確。

4.單選題

MikeDevine,chieffinancialofficerofNewYork-headquarteredCoach,whichmakesluxuryhandbags,saidataconferencerecentlyamovewasinthepipeline.

問題1選項

A.inthejobs

B.intheworks

C.inthejob

D.inthework

【答案】B

【解析】考查短語辨析。A、C、D選項均表示“在工作中”；B選項intheworks“正在準(zhǔn)備階段；在進(jìn)行中或準(zhǔn)備中”。句意：總部位于紐約的奢侈品手袋制造商Coach的首席財務(wù)長邁克?迪瓦恩（MikeDevine）最近在一次會議上表示，正在醞釀一項舉措。inthepipeline“在運輸中；在進(jìn)行中；在準(zhǔn)備中”。B選項與該詞意思最相近，因此B選項正確。

5.單選題

Ididn’treadtheblurb;I（）straightintothefirstchapter.

問題1選項

A.dived

B.ran

C.plunged

D.read

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞短語辨析。A選項diveinto“迅速把手伸入；投入；一心投入；跳入（指的是跳水標(biāo)準(zhǔn)動作，運動員的那種頭朝下的）”；B選項runinto“遭遇，陷入；撞上，撞到；偶然遇見”；C選項plungeinto“投入；跳入（主要指暴力一些的進(jìn)入，比如車失控沖進(jìn)水里；人郁悶地把頭埋進(jìn)冷水盆里）；突然或倉促地開始某事；猛沖；使突然陷入；縱身投入”；D選項readinto“曲解；加上另外的意思于；隱藏某種意義”。句意：我沒有讀簡介，直接倉促地開始讀第一章。因此C選項正確。

6.翻譯題

WhenyourpersonalwealthisgreaterthanthegrossdomesticproductofSlovakia,findinganincentivetogetoutofbedonachillyMondaymorninginSeattleisnevergoingtobeeasy.

Soit’sperhapsnogreatsurprisethatBillGates,theworld’srichestman,hasdecidedtowalkawayfromhisday-to-dayinvolvementwithMicrosoft,thebehemothheco-foundedmorethan30yearsago.

Insteadoffrettingaboutcomputercodes,the50-year-oldwillusehisobsessiveattentiontodetailtooverseehowtheBillandMelindaGatesFoundationspendsitsassetsof￡16billion.

Inabandoninghiscareeronthecuspofmiddleageanddevotingtherestofhislifetocharitablecauses,Gates—whoisworthabout￡27billionisfollowingawell-troddenpath.

Eversincetheindustrialrevolution,wealthyself-madebusinessmenandwomenhavefeltacallingtocreatealegacythatgoesbeyondaprofitandlosssheet.

【答案】當(dāng)你的個人財富超過斯洛伐克的國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值時，要想找出周一早上頂著西雅圖的寒冷徹骨也要起床上班的動力，就實在不那么容易了。

因此，世界首富比爾?蓋茨（BillGates）決定不再參與30多年前他與人共同創(chuàng)辦的軟件巨頭——微軟的日常工作，也就不足為奇了。

現(xiàn)年50歲的蓋茨決定不再與軟件代碼這一類事務(wù)打交道，轉(zhuǎn)而專心致志于比爾和梅琳達(dá)?蓋茨基金會如何花費了160億英鎊這一細(xì)節(jié)問題上。

身價270億英鎊的蓋茨在中年之際放棄了自己的事業(yè)，將余生獻(xiàn)給了慈善事業(yè)。

自工業(yè)革命以來，白手起家的富有商人們就感受到了超越追求財產(chǎn)損益表力量的召喚。

7.單選題

Judgingfromrecentsurveysandclinicalexperiments,mostexpertsinsleepbehavioragreethatthereisvirtuallya(n)（1）ofsleepinessinthenation.Evenpeoplewhothinktheyaresleepingenoughwouldprobablybebetteroffwithmorerest.

Thebeginningofoursleep-deficitcrisiscanbetracedtotheinventionofthelightBulbacenturyago.Bythe1950sand1960s,thatsleepschedulehadbeen（2）dramatically,tobetween7and8hours.

Perhapsthemost（3）robberofsleep,researcherssay,isthecomplexityoftheday.Wheneverpressuresfromwork,family,friendsandcommunitymount,manypeopleconsidersleepmostexpendableitemontheagenda.Often,thoughoureffortstosqueezeevermoretasksintoourdaysandnights（4）.Thepersonwhoinvestsinafullnight’ssleep,expertssay,willbemorethan（5）inheightenedproductivity,creativity,andfocus.Anotherthiefofsleepisshiftwork,inwhichpeopleworkregularlyintheevening,atnightoronrotatingschedules.Researcherssaythebrainhasdifficultyvaryingsleeptimes,whichmeansthattheseemployeesusuallysuffera（6）lossofsleep.Theavailabilityofround-the-clockentertainment,especiallyall-nighttelevision,alsotakesits（72）.

Toassesstheconsequencesofsleep-deficit,researchershaveputsubjectsthrougha（8）ofpsychologicalandperformancetestsrequiringthemtoaddcolumnsofnumbersorrecallapassagereadtothemonlyminutesearlier.Researchersfoundthatifthesubjectsweresleep-（9）.Theirperformancesuffered,short-termmemorywasimpaired,aswereabilitiestomakedecisionsandtoconcentrate.Becausetheirreactiontimeandattentionspanareaffected,sleepypeoplemaybemorepronetomakingmistakes.

Sleeping（10）onweekendsdoesnothelpthebodyrecoup.Butinchroniccases,peoplemayneedweeksofcatchinguptoreversetheeffectsofsleeploss.

問題1選項

A.phenomenon

B.epidemic

C.tendency

D.symptom

問題2選項

A.whittled

B.reduced

C.imputed

D.subjugated

問題3選項

A.relentless

B.annoying

C.merciless

D.greedy

問題4選項

A.backtrack

B.backcross

C.backset

D.backfire

問題5選項

A.rejuvenated

B.recovered

C.refreshed

D.recompensed

問題6選項

A.net

B.total

C.great

D.sea

問題7選項

A.part

B.toll

C.role

D.effect

問題8選項

A.bundle

B.bevy

C.battery

D.batch

問題9選項

A.deprived

B.driven

C.ridden

D.laden

問題10選項

A.out

B.away

C.in

D.up

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:D

第6題:C

第7題:D

第8題:C

第9題:A

第10題:C

【解析】1.考查名詞辨析。A選項phenomenon“現(xiàn)象；奇跡；杰出的人才”；B選項epidemic“傳染??；流行??；風(fēng)尚等的流行”；C選項tendency“傾向，趨勢；癖好”；D選項symptom“癥狀；征兆”。句意：從最近的調(diào)查和臨床實驗來看，大多數(shù)睡眠行為方面的專家都發(fā)現(xiàn)嗜睡流行病遍布整個國家。因此B選項正確。

2.考查動詞辨析。A選項whittle“削；削減；切；削弱”；B選項reduced“減少；降低；使處于；把……分解”；C選項imputed“歸罪于，歸咎于；嫁禍于”；D選項subjugated“征服；使服從；克制”。句意：到了20世紀(jì)50年代和60年代，人們的睡眠時間急劇減少到7到8小時。因此B選項正確。

3.考查形容詞辨析。A選項relentless“無情的；殘酷的（多用來形容外界及周圍環(huán)境的殘酷）；不間斷的”；B選項annoying“討厭的；惱人的”；C選項merciless“殘忍的（多用來形容人的內(nèi)心是殘酷無情的）；無慈悲心的”；D選項greedy“貪婪的；貪吃的；渴望的”。句意：研究人員說，也許最無情的睡眠劫匪是一天的復(fù)雜性。因此C選項正確。

4.考查邏輯關(guān)系。A選項backtrack“v.原路返回；折回；折返；（屈于壓力而）改變聲明（或主張），出爾反爾；退縮”；B選項backcross“v.使（雜種）回交（或逆代雜交）；n.回交；逆代雜交；回交子代”；C選項backset“n.渦流；逆流；倒退；挫折”；D選項backfire“v.產(chǎn)生事與愿違的不良（或危險）后果；逆火；回火”。由題可知空格處應(yīng)填帶有轉(zhuǎn)折意味的詞，意為“通常情況下，盡管我們?nèi)杖找挂苟荚跒楦嗟娜蝿?wù)而努力，結(jié)果卻事與愿違”，因此D選項正確。

5.考查動詞辨析。A選項rejuvenated“使年輕；使更新；使恢復(fù)精神；使復(fù)原；復(fù)原；變年輕”；B選項recovered“恢復(fù)；彌補(bǔ)；重新獲得；恢復(fù)；勝訴；重新得球”；C選項refreshed“使恢復(fù)精力；使涼爽；重新斟滿；提醒；提示；使想起”；D選項recompense“賠償，補(bǔ)償；酬謝，回報”。句意：如果你有充足的睡眠，那么在工作效率、創(chuàng)造力和精神集中程度方面會遠(yuǎn)超過你本該有的報酬。也就是說你的工作效率、創(chuàng)造力和精神集中程度會有很大的改觀。因此D選項正確。

6.考查形容詞辨析。A選項net“純的；最后的；原價的；（重量）凈的；（高爾夫球得分）凈得的”；B選項total“全部的；完全的；整個的”；C選項great“偉大的，重大的；極好的，好的；主要的”；D選項sea“n.海；海洋；許多；大量”。句意：研究人員表示，大腦很難改變睡眠時間，這意味著這些員工通常會損失大量睡眠時間。因此C選項正確。

7.考查名詞辨析。A選項part“部分；角色；零件；一些；片段”；B選項total“總數(shù)，合計”；C選項great“大師；大人物；偉人們”；D選項effect“影響；效果；作用”。句意：24小時的娛樂，尤其是通宵的電視節(jié)目，也起到了一定的作用。因此D選項正確。

8.考查短語辨析。A選項abundleof“一捆捆的；一束；一包”；B選項abevyof“一群；一組”；C選項abatteryof“一連串的；一系列的”；D選項abatchof“一批（用來形容數(shù)量，后面接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞，它的謂語動詞都用單數(shù)）”。句意：為了評估睡眠不足的后果，研究人員對受試者進(jìn)行了一系列的心理和表現(xiàn)測試，要求他們添加一列數(shù)字，或者回憶幾分鐘前讀給他們聽的一篇文章。因此C選項正確。

9.考查上下文語義。A選項deprived“貧困的，窮苦的，嚴(yán)重匱乏的；（人）喪失的，被剝奪的”；B選項driven“被動的，受到驅(qū)策的；有緊迫感的；（人）發(fā)憤圖強(qiáng)的”；C選項ridden“充斥……的；受虐待的”；D選項laden“負(fù)載的；裝滿的；苦惱的”。前文提到了“sleep-deficit睡眠不足”，所以空格處應(yīng)填與該詞意思相對應(yīng)的詞，sleep-deprived“睡眠剝奪”符合題意，因此A選項正確。

10.考查短語辨析。A選項sleepout“外宿；在外過夜；露宿；外宿房”；B選項sleepaway“一直熟睡；用睡覺消磨（時光）；用睡覺消除（頭痛等）”；C選項sleepin“睡過頭；睡懶覺；晚一點兒起床；遲起床”；D選項sleepup“五倍深度睡眠；深度睡眠；睡起來了”。句意：周末睡懶覺無助于身體的恢復(fù)。因此C選項正確。

8.單選題

WithsomuchfocusontheOhioenergyfirmwhoselapsesmayhavetriggeredtheblackoutof2003,it’sbeenhardtorememberthattherealquestionisnothowitstarted,butwhyitspreadsofarandsofast.Ratherthantacklethatquestionhead-on,mostcommentatorshavereachedfortheusualmetaphors:itwasachainreaction,acascadingfailuresdominoeffect.Alloftheseareborrowedfromthephysicalsciences.Maybeabetterwaytolookatitisinbiologicalterms.

Wealreadyusethelanguageofepidemiologywhenwespeakof“viruses”propagatingacrosstheInternet,“infecting”ourcomputer.Likewise,it’stemptingtoviewtheblackout,spreadingfromlinktolinkalongthepowergrid,asaperniciouskindofelectricalcontagion.Butthat’snotquitetherightmetaphor,either.Theblackoutwasnotcausedbyaninfectiouselectricaldisease;itwascausedbythegrid’simmuneresponsetothethreatofsuchadisease.Inotherwords,thegridsufferedaviolentallergicreaction,asortofanaphylacticshock.

Justasthesymptomsofasevereallergicreactionarecausednotbytheoffendingbeewhostingsitselfbutbytheoverzealousresponseofthebody’simmunesystemtoit,sotheblackoutwasaggravatedbythegrid’sattempttodefenditself,onepowerstationatatime.Threatenedbyatorrentofelectricalenergygoneberserkeroverwhelmedbythesuddenloadsplacedonit,eachpowerplantinturntrippeditscircuitbreakers,detachingitselffromthegrid.Thoughthisstrategyachieveditsdesiredaim-savingeachplant’sgeneratorfrombeingdamaged—itwastoomyopictoservethebestinterestsofthegridasawhole.

Whatisneededisamoresubtle,coordinatedmodeofresponse.Whenourownimmunesystemsareperformingattheirbest,theyorchestratetheirdefensesthroughcountlesschemicalconversationsamongT-cellsandantibodies,enablingthesedefenderstocalibratetheirresponsetopathogens.Inthesameway,thethousandsofpowerplantssubstationsinthegridneedtobeabletocommunicatewithoneanotherwhenanypartofthesystemisbreached,sotheycancollectivelydecidewhichcircuitbreakersshouldbetrippedandwhichcansafelyremainintact.

Thetechnologynecessarytoachievethishasexistedforaboutadecade.Itreliesoncomputer,sensorsandprotectivedevicestiedtogetherbyopticalfibersothatallpartsofthegridwouldbeabletotalktooneanotheratthespeedoflight-fastenoughtogetaheadofanonrushingblackoutandconfineit.

Thesensorswouldcontinuouslymonitorthevoltage,frequencyandotherimportantcharacteristicsoftheelectricitycoursingthroughthetransmissionlines.Whenalineappearedatriskofbeingoverloaded,acomputerwoulddecidewhethertoswitchonaprotectivedevice.Atpresent,suchdecisionsaremadepurelyparochially.Powerplantsdefendthemselvesfirst,anddon’tworryabouttheconsequencesforneighboringplantsonthegrid.Nordotheyconsideranypotentiallyhelpfulorharmfulactionsthatthoseneighborsmightbetakingatthesametime.

Inthenewapproach,eachplantwouldhavenearlyinstantaneousinformationaboutalltheotherplantsandpowerlinesinitsextendedneighborhood.Everyonewouldknowwhateveryoneelsewasdoingandthinking.Asthreatsarose(eitherfromrandomfailuresormaliciousattacks),thesensorswouldfireaflurryofwarningsignalsdowntheopticalfibers,andthenetworkedcomputerswoulddecidewhichprotectivedevicestoactivatetocontainthethreatmosteffectively.Thegridwouldthenberespondingasanintegratedentity,notasaragtagcollectionofselfishunits.Itwouldlookalotlikeanorganismdefendingitself.

Granted,suchadistributedcontrolsystemwouldcostbillionsofdollarsand,inthiseraofderegulation,therewouldbelittleincentiveforenergycompaniestojoinforcesandbuildit,especiallywhenthebigmoneyisinpowergeneration.Buttheconstructionofasystemwideimmunenetworkwouldbewellworththecost.Withoutit,ouroverburdenedgridislikelytofailmoreandmoreoften,andmightevencollapse,withcoststhatwouldbeincalculable,botheconomicallyandintermsofnationalsecurity.Stateandfederalgovernmentsneedtostepinandprovideincentivesforutilitiestodotherightthing.

Ofcourse,evenifthisnewkindofsmartdefensesystemweretobebuiltsomeday,onecanalreadyimagineaninsidiousdisorderthatmighteventuallyoutsmartitandafflictit,acatastrophicdisruptionoftheimmunesystemitself,ratherthanthegridit’ssupposedtoprotect.SuchathingwouldbethetechnologicalanalogofAIDS.

Agrimprospect,perhaps,butarealisticone.Weneedtostoppretendingthatthegridisevergoingtobeaperfectiblemachine.Justasbacteriaeventuallydevelopresistancetotheantibioticsusedtokillthem,thedefenseofthegridwillrequireever-moreinventivestrategiesonourpart.Weshouldrecognizethatthepowergridneedstoevolveandadapt,justlikeanyothersuccessfullivingcreature.

1.Intheauthor’sopinion,whichofthefollowingisanappropriatedescriptionforwhytheblackoutof2003spreadsofarandsofast?（）

2.Theauthor’sattitudetowardstheviewsmadebymostcommentatorsontheblackoutof2003is

（）.

3.Thearticlesaysthebestwaytopreventsuchablackoutfromhappeninginthefutureisto（）.

4.Settingupadistributedcontrolsystemforthegridwouldbe（）.

5.Thearticlepointsoutthattheproposedpreventivemeasuresagainstblackouts（）.

問題1選項

A.Acascadingfailure.

B.Anelectricalcontagion.

C.Asevereallergicreaction.

D.Anattackbyviruses.

問題2選項

A.positive

B.negative

C.neutral

D.sarcastic

問題3選項

A.developanewsystemtocoordinateallplants

B.buildabettersystemtomakeeachplantmoresensitive

C.makeeachplantmoreindependentofotherplants

D.suspendpowerwhenthesystemisoverloaded

問題4選項

A.welcomedbyallenergycompanies

B.unattractivetoenergycompanies

C.uselesstopreventsuchablackout

D.harmfultonationalsecurity

問題5選項

A.mustcauseacatastrophicdisruptionofthepowergrid

B.aregoingtobeperfectthroughrepeatedpractice

C.appeartoberealisticbutinfactarenotfeasible

D.areejectedtoimproveastimegoesby

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第一段“itwasachainreaction,acascadingfailuresdominoeffect.（這是一個連鎖反應(yīng)，一個連鎖失敗的多米諾骨牌效應(yīng)。）”和第二段“Theblackoutwasnotcausedbyaninfectiouselectricaldisease;itwascausedbythegrid’simmuneresponsetothethreatofsuchadisease.Inotherwords,thegridsufferedaviolentallergicreaction,asortofanaphylacticshock.（這次停電并不是由傳染性電疾病引起的；它是由網(wǎng)格對這種疾病威脅的免疫反應(yīng)引起的。換句話說，電網(wǎng)遭受了劇烈的過敏反應(yīng)，一種過敏性休克。）”由此可知這次停電是一次過敏反應(yīng)。A選項“連鎖故障”；B選項“電傳染病”；D選項“病毒攻擊”說法都不正確，只有C選項“嚴(yán)重的過敏反應(yīng)”符合題意，因此C選項正確。

2.作者意圖題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第一段“Ratherthantacklethatquestionhead-on,mostcommentatorshavereachedfortheusualmetaphors:itwasachainreaction,acascadingfailuresdominoeffect.（大多數(shù)評論家沒有正面回答這個問題，而是用了一些常見的比喻：這是一個連鎖反應(yīng)，一個連鎖失敗的多米諾骨牌效應(yīng)。）”以及第二段作者說到“Butthat’snotquitetherightmetaphor,either.（但這也不是一個正確的比喻。）”，由此可知作者并不認(rèn)同多數(shù)評論家的比喻。A選項“積極的”不正確；B選項“消極的”正確；C選項“中立的”以及D選項“諷刺的”都不是作者的態(tài)度，因此B選項正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第四段“Whatisneededisamoresubtle,coordinatedmodeofresponse.（現(xiàn)在需要的是一種更微妙、更協(xié)調(diào)的反應(yīng)模式。）”。A選項“開發(fā)一個新的系統(tǒng)來協(xié)調(diào)所有的發(fā)電廠”；C選項“讓每個發(fā)電廠獨立于其他電廠”和D選項“系統(tǒng)過載時暫停供電”都不符合題意，只有B選項“建立一個更好的系統(tǒng)，使每個發(fā)電廠更加靈敏”符合題意，因此B選項正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第八段“Granted,suchadistributedcontrolsystemwouldcostbillionsofdollarsand,inthiseraofderegulation,therewouldbelittleincentiveforenergycompaniestojoinforcesandbuildit,especiallywhenthebigmoneyisinpowergeneration.（誠然，這樣一個分布式控制系統(tǒng)將花費數(shù)十億美元，而且在這個放松管制的時代，能源公司將沒有什么動力聯(lián)合起來建設(shè)它，尤其是當(dāng)最大的錢在發(fā)電上的時候。）”，由此可知該分布式控制系統(tǒng)并不受能源公司的歡迎。A選項“受到所有能源公司的歡迎”說法錯誤；B選項“對能源公司沒有吸引力”說法正確；C選項“阻止這樣的停電是沒有用的”以及D選項“危害國家安全”文中均沒有提到。因此B選項正確。

5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第十段“Agrimprospect,perhaps,butarealisticone.（也許前景黯淡，但卻是現(xiàn)實的。）”，由此可知雖然該措施看起來可行，但是前景黯淡。A選項“一定會對電網(wǎng)造成災(zāi)難性的破壞”；B選項“通過反復(fù)的練習(xí)會變得完美”；D選項“隨著時間的推移被逐出改善”都不符合題意，只有C選項“看似現(xiàn)實，實則不可行”符合題意，因此C選項正確。

9.單選題

AftertheDemocraticshellackinginthemidtermelection,everyonewonderedhowPresidentObamawouldrespond.

問題1選項

A.fanfare

B.fiasco

C.facade

D.fantasy

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項fanfare“（儀式上慶?；驓g迎重要人物到場時）號角齊鳴，嘹亮短曲；大張旗鼓宣揚，熱議”；B選項fiasco“慘??；大慘敗；泥鴿靶”；C選項facade“正面；表面；外觀”；D選項fantasy“幻想；白日夢；幻覺”。句意：民主黨在中期選舉中落敗后，每個人都想知道奧巴馬總統(tǒng)會作何反應(yīng)。shellacking“毆打；徹底擊敗”，B選項與該詞意思最相近，因此B選項正確。

10.單選題

Tenyearsoflivingwithamyotrophiclateralsclerosis,orA.L.S,progressive,paralyzingdisease,havestillednearlyeverymuscle;Dr.JulesLodishtypeswithtwitchesofhischeek,detectedbyasensorclippedtothisglasses.Butwhenpeopleaskhimhowhefeelsabouthislife,Dr.Lodish,hiseyesexpressingtheintensitydeniedtohisbody,responds:“Istilllookforwardtoday.”

A.L.S.orLouGehrig’sdisease,isoftendescribedasakindoflivingdeathin,whichthebodygoesflaccidwhilemindremainsintactandacutelyaware.Theprospectofbeingtrappedinaninertbodyandbeingtotallydependentonothersdrivesmanysuffererstosuicide.

WhenAttorneyGeneralJohnAshcroftattackedanOregonlawallowingdoctor-assistedsuicidein2001—acasethatisstillworkingitswaysthroughthelegalsystem—patientswiththediseasewereamongthosewhosupportedthelawincourt.

Butwhilethelegalcaseandmuchofthenationalattentionhavefocusedontheissueoftherighttodie,lessisknownaboutthosepatientswhowanttolive,andlikeDr.Lodish,willgotoextraordinarylengthstodoso.

Withadequatemedicalcare,patientsoftencanliveforyearsrelativelyfreeofphysicalpainfromthediseaseitself.“It’smoreasortofexistential,psychicsortofpain,”saidDr.LeoMcCluskey,aneurologistinPhiladelphiawhotreatsmanypeoplewiththedisease.

Asaresult,patientsandtheirfamiliesareforced,onadailybasis,totakestockofthemeaningandqualityoftheirlivesandtomakerepeateddecisionsabouthowmuchistoomuch.

“WithA.L.S.,youhaveachoiceaboutwhentostoptreatment,lettingnaturetakeitscourse.”saidDr.LindaGanzini,aprofessorofpsychiatryatOregonHealthandScienceUniversityinPortland,whohasstudiedpatientsmakingend-of-lifedecisions.

Whatkeepsmanypatientsalive,expertssay,isasenseofhavingunfinishedbusiness—perhapsamilestone“l(fā)ikegettingthelastkidofftocollege”saidDr.MellarP.Davis,aprofessorhematologyandmedicaloncologyattheClevelandClinic.

Thosepatientswhodobestarethosewhohaveinsurancethatcoversnursingandmedicalcare,allowingthemtoavoidsomeofthemajorhealthrisksassociatedwiththedisease,andfamilymemberswhocancoverthehourswhenexperthelpisunavailable.

Manypatients,Dr.Ganzinisaid,havedeepreligiousbeliefsthathelpsustainthem,andtheyareable,“tofindhopeinthefuture,findmeaningandtoleratethedailyongoinglossesthattheyareexperiencing.”

Dr.Lodish’sbodysitslimpinawheelchairandhistonguelolls;amachinebreathesforhimthroughatracheostomytubeinhisthroat.Helosttheabilitytotalkmorethanthreeyearsago,hesays,thenjokes,“Butnottheabilitytobeannoying.”

TherearenohalfmeasuresforDr.Lodish,ahematologistwhodevisedhisownintricatelydetailedtreatmentregimen.Hewrotea30guideforhisnursesthatsetsstandardsforasterileenvironmentthatgobeyondhospitalpractices,rulesthathavehelpedhimavoidtheinfectionsthatkillmanypatients.Whenhecouldnolongereat,hedidtheresearchtocomeupwitharecipeforthenutrientblendthatflowsdownhisfeedingtube—evendeterminingthattheingredientswerekosher—andhetypedthetwoguidetoitspreparation,twitchbytwitch,withaspecialprogramonthelaptopthathelpshimtochoosewholewordsorphrasesfromscrollinglists.

Thiswiretotheworldkeepshimconnectedtohisfamilyandfriends,andallowshimtoremainanimportantpartoftheirlives.Hecontinuestoprovidemedicalconsultation,andnowadvisespatientswithA.L.S.andtheirfamiliesonhowtoorganizetheirowncareandusethecommunicationdeviceshehasmastered.

“OneironyiswithmanypeopleIcommunicatemorenowthanwhenIwaswell,”Dr.Lodishsaid.

Byholdingon,hesaid,hehasbeenabletoseemanyoflife’smilestones,includingthemarriagesoftwoofhisthreechildren.

Whenhisolderdaughter,ElizabethLester,becamepregnantwiththefirstgrandchild,sheaskedherfathertomaketheofficialfamilyannouncement.

“Hestillplaysthesameroleforme”shesaid,“Istillconsulthimonfinancialmattersandotherkindsofthings.”

Dr.Lodishsaidthathisowndeterminationtolivecomes,inpart,fromhislongexperienceintreatingcancerpatients,whooftenfeelthatadiagnosisisadeathsentence.

1.A.L.S.isadiseasethat（）.

2.JulesLodish（）.

3.AllthefollowingarepossiblereasonswhythepatientswithA.L.S.canliveabetterlifeEXCEPT

（）.

4.Dr.LodishmanagestolivewithA.L.S.mainlybecausehe（）.

5.WhichofthefollowingtasksisNOTundertakenbyDr.JulesLodish?

問題1選項

A.causespeopletoparalyzeinstantly

B.makeseverymusclestopmovinggradually

C.ishighlycontagiousintheUnitedStates

D.isgeneticallydeterminedandcannotbecured

問題2選項

A.wantstocommitsuicide

B.supportsanOregonlaw

C.determinedtolivelonger

D.isbecomingunconscious

問題3選項

A.theyhaveinsurancethatcoversnursingandmedicalcare

B.theyhaveasenseofhavingunfinishedbusiness

C.theyhavestrongreligiousbeliefsthathelpsustainthem

D.theyhavegotastrongmentalsupportfrompeoplearound

問題4選項

A.ishavingexperthelp

B.knowshowtocopewiththedisease

C.iswell-equippedwithadvanceddevices

D.oftencommunicateswithotherpeople

問題5選項

A.Treatingalotofcancerpatients.

B.Devisinghisowntreatmentplan.

C.Providingmedicalconsultation.

D.Communicatingwithmanypeople.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第一段“A.L.S,progressive,paralyzingdisease,havestillednearlyeverymuscle（A.L.S是一種漸進(jìn)性的麻痹性疾病，幾乎使每一塊肌肉都停止活動）”和第二段“A.L.S.orLouGehrig’sdisease,isoftendescribedasakindoflivingdeathin,whichthebodygoesflaccidwhilemindremainsintactandacutelyaware.（肌萎縮性側(cè)索硬化癥或盧伽雷氏癥，常被描述為一種活死人。身體會變得松弛，而頭腦卻保持完整和敏銳的意識。）”，由此可推斷出肌萎縮性側(cè)索硬化癥使肌肉病變會有一個循序漸進(jìn)的過程。A選項“使人立即癱瘓”說法錯誤；B選項“使每一塊肌肉逐漸停止活動”符合題意；C選項“在美國是高度傳染性的”和D選項“是由基因決定的，不能治愈”文章都沒有提到。因此B選項正確。

2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第一段“Butwhenpeopleaskhimhowhefeelsabouthislife,Dr.Lodish,hiseyesexpressingtheintensitydeniedtohisbody,responds:Istilllookforwardtoday.（但當(dāng)人們問洛迪什對自己的生活有何感想時，他的眼神流露出了身體所沒有的那種強(qiáng)烈感，他回答說：我仍然期待著。）”和第四段“l(fā)essisknownaboutthosepatientswhowanttolive,andlikeDr.Lodish,willgotoextraordinarylengthstodoso.（但對于那些像洛迪什醫(yī)生一樣想要活下去的病人，人們卻知之甚少。）”，由此可推斷出Dr.Lodish雖然被肌肉萎縮性側(cè)索硬化癥折磨，但他仍不失積極樂觀的心態(tài)，對生活充滿期待，決定好好生活與病魔抗?fàn)幍降住選項“想自殺”說法錯誤；B選項“支持俄勒岡州一項（允許醫(yī)生協(xié)助自殺的）法律”文章沒有提到；C選項“決心活得更長”符合題意；D選項“正在變得失去意識”說法錯誤。因此C選項正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第八段“Whatkeepsmanypatientsalive,expertssay,isasenseofhavingunfinishedbusiness…（專家說，讓許多病人活下來的，是一種未完的事業(yè)感……）”；第九段“Thosepatientswhodobestarethosewhohaveinsurancethatcoversnursingandmedicalcare,allowingthemtoavoidsomeofthemajorhealthrisksassociatedwiththedisease,andfamilymemberswhocancoverthehourswhenexperthelpisunavailable.（那些做得最好的病人是那些擁有涵蓋護(hù)理和醫(yī)療護(hù)理的保險，使他們能夠避免一些與疾病相關(guān)的主要健康風(fēng)險的人，以及那些家庭成員在得不到專家?guī)椭鷷r可以支付時間的人。）”以及第十段“havedeepreligiousbeliefsthathelpsustainthem（許多患者都有深刻的宗教信仰，這些信仰幫助他們維持生命）”，因此A選項“他們有涵蓋護(hù)理和醫(yī)療的保險”；B選項“他們有一種未完的事業(yè)感”以及C選項“他們有強(qiáng)烈的宗教信仰來支持他們”在文中都有提到，只有D選項“他們從周圍的人那里得到了強(qiáng)大的精神支持”文章沒有提及，因此D選項正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第十三段“Thiswiretotheworldkeepshimconnectedtohisfamilyandfriends,andallowshimtoremainanimportantpartoftheirlives.（這條與世界相連的線讓他與家人和朋友保持聯(lián)系，讓他成為他們生活中重要的一部分。）”以及第十四段“OneironyiswithmanypeopleIcommunicatemorenowthanwhenIwaswell（具有諷刺意味的是，我現(xiàn)在和很多人交流的次數(shù)比我健康時還多）”，由此可知Dr.Lodish與病魔作斗爭是通過經(jīng)常與他人溝通交流，分享生命中的點滴。A選項“正在接受專家的幫助”；B選項“知道如何對付這種疾病”；C選項“配備了先進(jìn)的設(shè)備”都不是主要原因，只有D選項“經(jīng)常與他人交流”符合題意，因此D選項正確。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第十二段“whodevisedhisownintricatelydetailedtreatmentregimen.（他設(shè)計了自己復(fù)雜而詳細(xì)的治療方案。）”；第十三段“Thiswiretotheworldkeepshimconnectedtohisfamilyandfriends,andallowshimtoremainanimportantpartoftheirlives.Hecontinuestoprovidemedicalconsultation…（這條與世界相連的線讓他與家人和朋友保持聯(lián)系，讓他成為他們生活中重要的一部分。他繼續(xù)提供醫(yī)療咨詢……）”，由此可知B選項“制定自己的治療方案”；C選項“提供醫(yī)療咨詢”和D選項“與許多人交流”說法正確，文章都有提及，而A選項“治療了很多癌癥患者”可定位到文章最后一段“Dr.Lodishsaidthathisowndeterminationtolivecomes,inpart,fromhislongexperienceintreatingcancerpatients,whooftenfeelthatadiagnosisisadeathsentence.（洛迪什說，他自己想活下去的決心，在一定程度上來自于他長期治療癌癥患者的經(jīng)驗，這些患者常常覺得確診就等于判了死刑。）”，該段落只說了Dr.Lodish想活下去的決心來自治療癌癥患者的經(jīng)驗，并沒有直接說他治療了很多癌癥患者，因此A選項符合題意，A選項正確。

11.單選題

A21-year-oldrecentconverttoIslamtriedtoblowupamilitaryrecruitingstationinaBaltimoresuburbonWednesday,ensnaringhimselfinastingoperationorchestratedbytheFederalBureauofInvestigation.

問題1選項

A.gambling

B.entrapping

C.enjoying

D.blaming

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項gambling“賭博；打賭”；B選項entrapping“使落入陷阱；使陷入困境；誘騙”；C選項enjoying“喜愛；飽覽；享受；欣賞”；D選項blaming“歸咎；責(zé)備；譴責(zé)”。句意：周三，一名新近皈依伊斯蘭教的21歲男子試圖炸毀巴爾的摩市郊區(qū)的一個征兵站，結(jié)果自己落入了美國聯(lián)邦調(diào)查局（FBI）精心策劃的圈套。ensnare“誘捕；誘入陷阱；進(jìn)入羅網(wǎng)”，B選項與該詞意思最相近，因此B選項正確。

12.單選題

I’lltrytogetintouchwithhimbuthe’s（）everathomewhenIphone.

問題1選項

A.rarely

B.almost

C.hardly

D.occasionally

【答案】C

【解析】考查副詞辨析。A選項rarely“很少地；難得；罕有地”；B選項almost“差不多，幾乎”；C選項hardly“幾乎不，簡直不；剛剛”；D選項occasionally“偶爾；間或”。其中hardly帶否定意義，hardlyever含never的意思，可當(dāng)作固定搭配，意為“幾乎從不，幾乎不”。句意：我盡量和他聯(lián)系，但我打電話時他幾乎不在家。因此C選項正確。

13.單選題

Attemptstoreconcilethesetwodecisionshaveexpanded,humaningenuityandexpendedunconscionableamountoftime,effortandpaper.

問題1選項

A.excessive

B.uncouth

C.gullible

D.ignoble

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項excessive“過多的，極度的；過分的”；B選項uncouth“笨拙的；粗野的；不舒適的；陌生的”；C選項gullible“易受騙的；輕信的”；D選項ignoble“不光彩的；卑鄙的；卑賤的”。句意：調(diào)和這兩個決定的嘗試已經(jīng)擴(kuò)大，人類的聰明才智和花費了大量的時間、努力和文件。unconscionable“過度的；不合理的；昧著良心的；肆無忌憚的”。A選項與該詞意思最相近，因此A選項正確。

14.翻譯題

WhatcantheWest’soverlyindebtedandsluggishnationslearnfromaflourishingAsia?

Firstandforemost,theWestshouldrelearnthevirtueofpragmatism.Justafewdecadesago,Asia’stwogiantswerestagnatingundertheirownpolitico-economicideologies—MarxisminChina,NehruviansocialisminIndiarespectively.However,onceChinabeganembracingfree-marketreformsinthe1980s,followedbyIndiainthe1990s,bothcountriesachievedrapidgrowth.Crucially,astheyopeneduptheirmarkets,neitherChinanorIndiathrewtheproverbialbabyoutwiththebathwater—instead,theybalancedcapitalismwithjudiciousgovernmentdirection.

ContrastthislevelheadedmiddlepathwithAmericaandEurope,whichhaveeachoneideologicallyoverboardintheirownways—andwhoseutterlackofpragmatismhelpedprecipitatetheglobalfinancialcrisis.Sincethe1980s,Americahasbeenincreasinglyinfatuatedwiththeideologyofunfetteredfreemarketsanddismissiveoftheroleofgovernment—followingRonaldReagan’sdictumthat“government”isnotthesolutiontoourproblem;governmentistheproblem.”

Meanwhile,Europehasfallenpreytoadifferentideologicaltrap;thebeliefthatEuropeangovernmentswouldalwayshaveinfiniteresourcesandcouldcontinueborrowingasiftherewerenotomorrow.

JustasAmericansneedtolearnhowtointelligentlyraisetaxes,theEuropeansn