2022年考研考博-考博英語-廣西大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)33

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-廣西大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Comewhat（）,we'renotgoingtomakeanyconcessiontohisunreasonabledemands.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.must

B.should

C.may

D.can

【答案】C

【解析】句意:不管怎樣，我們不會(huì)對(duì)他的無理要求作出任何讓步

考查固定搭配。Comewhatmay不管三七二十一，不管怎樣。

2.填空題

Voiceofforeigners,JoyinJiangsuEastchina'sJiangsuprovinceisinvitingforeigners（1）intheprovincetosharetheirstoriesaboutlifeinChina（2）theannual"SharedJoyinJiangsu"Chinese（3）ContestforForeignersgetsunderway.

ThecontesthasthefullsupportoftheJiangsuprovincialgovernment,theJiangsuProvincialDepartmentofEducationandtheJiangsuBroadcastingCorporation.

Themed“HappyJiangsu,HappyChinese’’，thecontestencouragesforeignfriendstospeakonvarioustopics,suchasMyJiangsuStoryandMyChinaDream,toshowtheirlove（4）Chinaanditsculture,anddemonstratetheappealof（5）easternandwesterncultures.

Thefirststageofthecontest-anonlineauditionstartingfromMarchtoApril25invitesinterestedforeignerstoregisterwithamobilevideooftwotothreeminutesinChinese,introducingthemselvesandtheirChineseconnections.

Theentrantswillbeselected（6）theirvideos,andjudgeswillalsoconductphone（7）withthemforfurtherconsideration

The60chosencontestantsannouncedonMayIwillhaveplentyoftimetopreparetheirspeechesastheeliminationstagewillbeheldintheprovince'ssouthern,centralandnorthernparts,（8）byWuxi,NanjingandXuzhourespectively,fromMay20toearlyJune.

Thefinalswillbefilmedinmid-JuneatthegrandtheaterofJiangsuBroadcastingCorporationWinnerswillbeawardedprizesandcertificatesfortheirachievements,andhavethechancetodelvemoreintoJiangsuculturebytakingpartintheseriesofactivities"JiangsuthroughForeignersEyes”.

（9）foreignerscansignupattheofficialwebsiteofhttp://20633/2017speech,viatheofficialWeChataccountat"tongleJS",orbyemailtojswx@.Universitystudentscanalsoregisterattheirschools'internationaleducationcolleges.

The"SharedJoyinJiangsu"ChineseSpeakingContestforForeignershasbeensuccessfullycarriedoutforfouryears.Aspartofthe"SharedJoyinJiangsu"serieswhichalso（10）talentshows,musicfestivalsandculturaltrips,ithelpspromotetheprovince'sdiversificationandinternationalization.

【答案】1.living

2.as

3.speech

4.for

5.integrating

6.from

7.interviews

8.represented

9.Interested

10.features

【解析】1.此處是動(dòng)詞live的分詞做后置定語修飾foreigners，表示“居住在這個(gè)省的外國人”,而邏輯主語foreigners與live之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，因此用現(xiàn)在分詞。

2.as符合句意，表示“當(dāng)…時(shí)，因?yàn)椋捎凇薄?/p>

3.此處表示“漢語演講比賽”。

4.此處表示“對(duì)中國的熱愛”，因此用for。

5.此處表示:展示東西方文化…的魅力。因此填integrating比較合適，表示“融合”。

6.分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處應(yīng)填入介詞。這里表示:這些參加者將通過錄像來選擇，因此from比較合適。

7.該處表示:評(píng)委還將與他們進(jìn)行電話…，以便進(jìn)一步考慮。因此填入interviews，表示“面試”。

8.該處句意為:被選中的60名選手分別在江蘇省的南部、中部和北部舉行演講比賽，分別…無錫，南京等。因此填入represented表示“代表”。

9.此處可以填入一個(gè)形容詞修飾“外國人”，根據(jù)句意可知，可填入interested表示“感興趣的”。

10.空格在定語從句中，而且該從句缺少謂語動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)句意可知，features適合填入空格表示“以…為特色”。

3.單選題

（）tosomebody,aBritishpersonoftenshakeshandswiththestranger.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Introducing

B.Tointroduce

C.Tobeintroduced

D.Onbeingintroduced

【答案】D

【解析】句意:當(dāng)英國人在被介紹給別人的時(shí)候，經(jīng)常喜歡和陌生人握手。

4.單選題

Onaverage,Americankidsages3to13spent29hoursaweekinschool,eighthoursmorethantheydidin1981.Theyalsodidmorehouseholdworkandparticipatedinmoreofsuchorganizedactivitiesassoccerandballet.Involvementinsports,inparticular,rosealmost50%from1981to1997:boysnowspendanaverageoffourhoursaweekplayingsports;girlsloghalfthattime.Allinall,however,children'sleisuretimedroppedfrom40%ofthedayin1981to25%.

"Childrenareaffectedbythesametimecrunch(危機(jī))thataffectstheirparents,"saysSandraHofferth,whoheadedtherecentstudyofchildren'stimetable.Achiefreason,shesays,isthatmoremothersareworkingoutsidethehome.(Nevertheless,childreninbothdouble-incomeand"malebreadwinner"householdsspentcomparableamountsoftimeinteractingwiththeirparents,19hoursand22hoursrespectively.Incontrast,childrenspentonly9hourswiththeirsinglemothers.)

Allworkandnoplaycouldmakeforsomeverymessed-upkids."Playisthemostpowerfulwayachildexplorestheworldandlearnsabouthimself,"saysT.BerryBrazelton,professoratHarvardMedicalSchool.Unstructuredplayencouragesindependentthinkingandallowstheyoungtonegotiatetheirrelationshipswiththeirpeers,butkidsages3to12spentonly12hoursaweekengagedinit.

Thechildrensampledspentaquarteroftheirrapidlydecreasing"freetime"watchingtelevision.Butthat,believeitornot,wasoneofthefindingsparentsmightregardasgoodnews.Ifthey'respendinglesstimeinfrontoftheTVset,however,kidsaren'treplacingitwithreading.Despiteeffortstogetkidsmoreinterestedinbooks,thechildrenspentjustoveranhouraweekreading.Let'sfaceit,who'sgotthetime?

1.Bymentioning"thesametimecrunch"(Line1,Para.2)SandraHofferthmeans（）.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,thereasongivenbySandraHofferthforthetimecrunchis（）.

3.Accordingtotheauthorachilddevelopsbetterif（）.

4.TheauthorisconcernedaboutthefactthatAmericankids（）.

5.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.childrenhavelittletimetoplaywiththeirparents

B.childrenarenottakengoodcareofbytheirworkingparents

C.bothparentsandchildrensufferfromlackofleisuretime

D.bothparentsandchildrenhavetroublemanagingtheirtime

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.quiteconvincing

B.partiallytrue

C.ratherconfusing

D.totallygroundless

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.hehasplentyoftimereadingandstudying

B.heislefttoplaywithhispeersinhisownway

C.hehasmoretimeparticipatinginschoolactivities

D.heisfreetointeractwithhisworkingparents

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.areengagedinmoreandmorestructuredactivities

B.areincreasinglyneglectedbytheirworkingmothers

C.arespendingmoreandmoretimewatchingTV

D.areinvolvedlessandlessinhouseholdwork

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.extracurricularactivitiespromotechildren'sintelligence

B.mostchildrenwillturntoreadingwithTVsetsswitchedoff

C.effortstogetkidsinterestedinreadinghavebeenfruitful

D.mostparentsbelievereadingtobebeneficialtochildren

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.判斷推理題。題干意為:SandraHofferth所說的“thesametimecrunch”是什么意思？根據(jù)題干定位至第二段第一句:Childrenareaffectedbythesametimecrunch（危機(jī)）thataffectstheirparents(時(shí)間危機(jī)影響孩子，同樣也影響父母)。該句上段主題是：孩子們的休閑時(shí)間從40%降到了25%。該句的后文主題是：更多母親在外工作，即與孩子相處的休閑時(shí)間也減少了。因此，兩者都面臨的時(shí)間危機(jī)就是C項(xiàng)“父母和孩子都缺乏休閑時(shí)間”。

2.判斷推理題。題干意為:在作者看來，關(guān)于時(shí)間危機(jī)，SandraHofferth所給的原因…。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞SandraHofferth定位至第二段:moremothersareworkingoutsidethehome(更多的母親在外工作)。后面括號(hào)內(nèi)應(yīng)該是作者的看法:Nevertheless，childreninbothdouble-incomeand"malebreadwinner"householdsspentcomparableamountsoftimeinteractingwiththeirparents,19hoursand22hoursrespectively.Incontrast,childrenspentonly9hourswiththeirsinglemothers(然而，孩子與父母相處的時(shí)間分別是：雙親同時(shí)工作的為19小時(shí)，父親一人工作的為22小時(shí)，而單身母親家庭只有9小時(shí))。因此可知，作者不完全支持SandraHofferth的說法。一方面，單身母親和雙親工作的家庭，與孩子相處的時(shí)間少于父親一人工作的家庭，即，作者大體同意SandraHofferth的說法。另一方面，作者認(rèn)為需要根據(jù)不同家庭結(jié)構(gòu)來分析此問題。因此，作者認(rèn)為SandraHofferth所給的原因是“部分正確”

3.判斷推理題。題干意為:在作者看來，一個(gè)孩子在什么情況下會(huì)更好地成長？第三段指出了作者認(rèn)為的玩耍對(duì)孩子成長的好處:Unstructuredplayencouragesindependentthinkingandallowstheyoungtonegotiatetheirrelationshipswiththeirpeers...(自由玩耍能鼓勵(lì)獨(dú)立思考，讓孩子們與他們的同伴協(xié)商他們的關(guān)系……)。因此B項(xiàng)“如果讓他和同伴們自由玩?！闭_。

4.判斷推理題。題干意為:作者所關(guān)心的事實(shí)是美國孩子…。A:參加有組織的活動(dòng)越來越多。第三段最后一句指出:butkidsages3to12spentonly12hoursaweekengagedinit(但是，3—12歲的孩子一周只花了12小時(shí)自由玩耍)。由此可見作者認(rèn)為孩子自由玩耍的時(shí)間越來越少。所以A項(xiàng)所述作者會(huì)比較關(guān)心。B:上班母親越來越忽視孩子。第二段談及母親上班有影響到孩子的休閑時(shí)間，但并不能推測(cè)出B項(xiàng)所述，因此排除B項(xiàng)。C:用來看電視的時(shí)間越來越多。第四段的確指出:Thechildrensampledspentaquarteroftheirrapidlydecreasing"freetime"watchingtelevision(調(diào)查的孩子的休閑時(shí)間迅速減少，但是他們花其中四分之一的時(shí)間來看電視)，但并不能推測(cè)出C項(xiàng)所述，因此排除C項(xiàng)。D:做的家務(wù)勞動(dòng)越來越少。第一段指出:Theyalsodidmorehouseholdwork(做的家務(wù)勞動(dòng)越來越少)，由此可知，D項(xiàng)所述錯(cuò)誤。因此本題選A。

5.判斷推理題。題干意為:從文章中，我們能推斷出什么?A:課外活動(dòng)促進(jìn)兒童智力發(fā)展。文章并未有所體現(xiàn)。B:如果關(guān)掉電視機(jī)，多數(shù)孩子會(huì)去讀書。最后一段指出:Ifthey’respendinglesstimeinfrontoftheTVset,however,kidsaren’treplacingitwithreading(然而，如果他們花更少的時(shí)間看電視，孩子們不會(huì)以閱讀來取代看電視)。因此B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。C:培養(yǎng)孩子們的讀書興趣的努力已經(jīng)頗有成效。文章最后指出:Despiteeffortstogetkidsmoreinterestedinbooks,thechildrenspentjustoveranhouraweekreading(盡管人們付出努力來培養(yǎng)孩子的讀書興趣，但孩子們一周僅有一個(gè)多小時(shí)用來讀書)。因此C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。本題用排除法，可得出答案為D選項(xiàng)“大多數(shù)父母認(rèn)為閱讀對(duì)孩子有益”。

5.單選題

Youcancomfortyourselfwiththethoughtthatyouarenottheonlyone（）inthatway.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.tobesuffered

B.tohavesuffered

C.whowassuffered

D.ofthosesuffered

【答案】B

【解析】句意:你可以這樣安慰你自己，你要想你不是唯一遭遇如此的人。

語法題?？疾椴欢ㄊ健uffer“遭受”，通常使用主動(dòng)語態(tài)，因此排除A跟C項(xiàng)。分析句子可知，空格處應(yīng)該填入從句，修飾one,故排除D項(xiàng)。此題應(yīng)該選B項(xiàng)。tohavesuffered表示不定式作后置定語修飾one。

6.單選題

Maryonce（）withanothermusiciantocomposeapieceofpopmusic.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.merged

B.collaborated

C.coincided

D.constituted

【答案】B

【解析】句意:瑪麗曾經(jīng)和另一個(gè)音樂家共同創(chuàng)作了一首流行曲。

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。merge結(jié)合，融入；collaborate合作，協(xié)作；coincide符合，一致;constitute構(gòu)成，組成。因此B項(xiàng)符合句意。

7.單選題

Yearsaftertheaccidenthewasstill（）byimagesofdeathanddestruction.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.twisted

B.dipped

C.haunted

D.submerged

【答案】C

【解析】句意:事故過去好多年后，他的腦中仍縈繞著死亡和毀滅的畫面。

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。twist扭曲，扭動(dòng)；dip浸，蘸；haunt縈繞；submerge淹沒，沉入水中。因此C符合句意。

8.單選題

Generally,itisonlywhenanimalsaretrappedthatthey（）toviolenceinordertoescape.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.proceed

B.appeal

C.resort

D.incline

【答案】C

【解析】句意:一般來說，動(dòng)物只有在落入圈套時(shí)，為了逃命才會(huì)采取暴力行為。

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。proceed繼續(xù)前進(jìn)，開始；appeal懇求，呼吁；resort訴諸，憑借某些手段，通常與介詞to搭配；incline傾向于。因此無論從搭配還是從語義上來說，C項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

—Doyouregretpaying500dollarsforyournecklace?

—No.Iwouldgladlypay（）forit.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.twotimesasmuch

B.twiceasmany

C.twiceasmuch

D.astwiceasmuch

【答案】C

【解析】句意:你后悔花500美元買這條項(xiàng)鏈嗎？不！即使價(jià)格再貴一倍，我也會(huì)愿意買。

語法題。考查倍數(shù)。倍數(shù)比較的表達(dá)為:倍數(shù)+as+形容詞+as。“兩倍”應(yīng)該用“twice”。句中的比較級(jí)是修飾“錢”,因此形容詞應(yīng)該用“much”。

10.單選題

—Youdon'tlooksowell,Mary.What’sthematterwithyou?

—Why?（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.I'mquitemyself

B.Fine,thinkyou

C.Ifeltbad

D.I'mnotmyself

【答案】A

【解析】句意:——瑪麗，你看起來不太好。你怎么了？

——怎么會(huì)這么問？我自己覺得挺好的啊！

語義題。對(duì)話中的“why”是表示不同意的語氣詞。因此，回答者是對(duì)提問者的反駁，即I'mquitemyself意為“自我感覺良好”符合句意。因此選A。

11.單選題

Coffeeisthe（）ofthisdistrictandbringslocalfarmersalotofmoney.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.majority

B.staple

C.spice

D.elite

【答案】B

【解析】句意:咖啡是這個(gè)地區(qū)的主要產(chǎn)品，給當(dāng)?shù)剞r(nóng)民帶來很多收入。

考查名詞辨析。majority大部分，大多數(shù)；staple主要產(chǎn)品，訂書釘，主食；spice香料，調(diào)味品，風(fēng)味；elite上層人士，掌權(quán)人物，精英。故B項(xiàng)符合句意。

12.單選題

ThescientistshaveWadea（）studyofthevirusesthatcausethedisease.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.exhausted

B.exhausting

C.exhaustive

D.exhaustion

【答案】C

【解析】句意:科學(xué)家已經(jīng)對(duì)產(chǎn)生疾病的病菌做了詳盡的研究。

考查形近詞辨析。exhausted筋疲力盡的，耗盡的；exhausting使人疲憊不堪的；exhaustive詳盡的，徹底的，全面的；exhaustion筋疲力盡，耗盡。因此C項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

Isecondhismotionthatwe（）aspecialboardtoexaminetheproblem.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.shallsetup

B.setup

C.wouldsetlip

D.sets

【答案】B

【解析】句意:我贊成他的提議，我們成立一個(gè)特別委員會(huì)來審查這個(gè)問題。

語法題?？疾樘摂M語氣。在motion(提議，議案)這類表示建議勸告等的從句中，動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用虛擬語氣，即should+原形，should可省略，因此B正確。

14.單選題

Don't（）thisnewstothepublicuntilwegiveyouthego-ahead.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.relieve

B.relate

C.release

D.retain

【答案】C

【解析】句意:在我們通知你之前不要向公眾發(fā)布這個(gè)消息。

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。Relieve解除，減輕，緩和；relate聯(lián)系，使有聯(lián)系；release釋放，放出；retain保持，持有，保留。因此C符合句意。

15.單選題

（）inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Losing

B.Havinglost

C.Lost

D.To

【答案】C

【解析】句意:陷入沉思后，他幾乎撞到前面的那輛車了。

語法題?？疾榉侵^語動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)題干可知,空格處應(yīng)為一個(gè)非謂語動(dòng)詞?！跋萑氤了肌癁椤皊b.belostinthought”，即非謂語動(dòng)詞省略“主語和be動(dòng)詞”,此處是動(dòng)詞lose的過去分詞形式做伴隨狀語。答案選C。

16.單選題

Afterafewroundsoftalks,bothsidesregardedtheterritorydispute（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.beingsettled

B.tobesettled

C.hadsettled

D.assettled

【答案】D

【解析】句意:經(jīng)過幾次談話，雙方都認(rèn)為這個(gè)領(lǐng)土紛爭已經(jīng)解決了。

考查固定搭配。regardsth.asdone將某事看做已經(jīng)完成了的事。因此選D項(xiàng)。

17.單選題

He（）thathewasanaccompliceintherobberyhappened15yearsago.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.knowledge

B.admitted

C.confessed

D.granted

【答案】C

【解析】句意:他坦白，15年前發(fā)生的一起搶劫案，他是共犯。

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。knowledge承認(rèn)（屬實(shí)）；鳴謝；admit（常指勉強(qiáng)）承認(rèn)原來企圖否認(rèn)或推諉的事情；confess側(cè)重指供認(rèn)、坦白或承認(rèn)自己過錯(cuò)；grant（尤指正式地或法律上）同意；向某人承認(rèn)某種情況是事實(shí)。因此C項(xiàng)符合句意。

18.單選題

TheBritisharenotsofamiliarwithdifferentculturesandotherwaysofdoingthings,（）isoftenthecaseinothercountries.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.as

B.what

C.so

D.thatTherearefewelectronic

【答案】A

【解析】句意:英國人對(duì)于不同的文化和其他的行為方式不是很熟悉，在其他國家情況也是如此。

語法題。考查定語從句。逗號(hào)后面部分“isoftenthecaseinothercountries”結(jié)構(gòu)不完整，缺少主語。因此該處應(yīng)該是非限制性定語從句。因此A項(xiàng)正確，構(gòu)成表達(dá)“asisoftenthecase(是常有的情形)”。

19.單選題

Theaveragenumberofauthorsonscientificpapersissky-rocketing.That'spartlybecauselabsarebigger,problemsaremorecomplicated,andmoredifferentsubspecialtiesareneeded.Butit'salsobecauseU.S.governmentagencieshavestartedtopromote"teamscience".Asphysicsdevelopedinthepost-worldWarIera,federalfundsbuiltexpensivenationalfacilities,andtheseservedassurfacesonwhichcollaborationscouldcrystallizenaturally.

Yetmultipleauthorship-howevergooditmaybeinotherways-presentsproblemsforjournalsandfortheinstitutionsinwhichtheseauthorswork.Forthejournals,longlistsofauthorarehardtodealwithinthemselves.Butthoselonglistsgiverisetomoreseriousquestionswhensomethinggoeswrongwiththepaper.Ifthereisresearchmisconduct,howshouldtheliabilitybeallocatedamongtheauthors?Ifthereisanhonestmistakeinonepartoftheworkbutnotinothers,howshouldanevaluatoraimhisorherreview?

Variouspracticalorimpracticalsuggestionshaveemergedduringthelong-standingdebateonthisissue.Oneisthateachauthorshouldprovide,andthejournalshouldthenpublish,anaccountofthatauthor'sparticularcontributiontothework.Butadifferentviewoftheproblem,andperhapsofthesolution,comesaswegettouniversitycommitteeonappointmentsandpromotions,whichiswheretheauthorshiprubberreallymeetstheroad.Halfalifetimeofinvolvementwiththisprocesshastaughtmehowmuchauthorshipmatters.Ihavewatchedcommitteesattemptingtodecodesequencesofnames,agonizeoverwhetheramuch-citedpaperwasreallythecandidate'sworkoracoauthors,andsendbackrecommendationsaskingformorespecificityaboutthedivisionofresponsibility.

Problemsofthiskindchangetheargument,supportingthecaseforaskingauthorstodefinetheirownroles.Afterall,ifqualityjudgmentsaboutindividualsaretobemadeonthebasisoftheirpersonalcontributions,thenthejudgesbetterknowwhattheydid.Butifquestionsariseaboutthevalidityoftheworkasawhole,whetheraschallengestoitsconductorasevaluationsofitsinfluenceinthefield,ateamisateam,andthemembersshouldsharethecreditortheblame.

1.Accordingtothepassage,thereisatendencythatscientificpapers（）.

2.Oneoftheproblemswithmultipleauthorshipisthatitishard（）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,authorshipisimportantwhen（）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whethermultipleauthorsofapapershouldbetakencollectivelyor

individuallydepends（）.

5.Thebesttitleforthepassagecanbe（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.aregettingmorecomplicated

B.aredealingwithbiggerproblems

C.aremoreofaproductofteamwork

D.arefocusingmoreonnaturalthanonsocialsciences

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.toallocatetheresponsibilityifthepapergoeswrong

B.todecideonhowmuchcontributioneachreviewerhasmade

C.toassigntherolesthatthedifferentauthorsaretoplay

D.tocorrespondwiththeauthorswhenthereadersfeeltheneedto

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.practicalorimpracticalsuggestionsoftheauthorsareconsidered

B.appointmentsandpromotionsoftheauthorsareinvolved

C.evaluatorsneedtoreviewthepublicationoftheauthors

D.thepublicationoftheauthorshasbecomemuch-cited

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.whetherjudgmentsaremadeaboutthepaperoritsauthors

B.whetheritisthecreditortheblamethattheauthorsneedtoshare

C.howmanyauthorsareinvolvedinthepaper

D.wherethepaperhasbeenpublished

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.WritingScientificPapers:PublishorPerish

B.CollaborationandResponsibilityinWritingScientificPapers

C.AdvantagesandDisadvantagesofTeamScience

D.MultipleAuthors,MultipleProblems

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第一句指出了趨勢(shì):Theaveragenumberofauthorsonscientificpapersissky-rocketing(科學(xué)論文上發(fā)表論文的作者的平均數(shù)量急劇上升)。后面又指出:Butit'salsobecauseU.S.governmentagencieshavestartedtopromoteteamscience’(但是，這也是因?yàn)槊绹畽C(jī)構(gòu)已經(jīng)開始推動(dòng)‘團(tuán)隊(duì)科學(xué)’)。由此可知，C項(xiàng)“更多的是團(tuán)隊(duì)合作的產(chǎn)物”正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第二段指出:Butthoselonglistsgiverisetomoreseriousquestionswhensomethinggoeswrongwiththepaper(但是，當(dāng)論文出現(xiàn)問題的時(shí)候，這些長名單會(huì)導(dǎo)致更嚴(yán)重的問題)。由此可知，多個(gè)作者共同執(zhí)筆，很難找出負(fù)責(zé)人，故選A項(xiàng)。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第三段指出:...aswegettouniversitycommitteeonappointmentsandpromotions,whichiswheretheauthorshiprubberreallymeetstheroad(當(dāng)涉及作者的任命和晉升時(shí)，著作權(quán)就發(fā)揮作用了)，因此B項(xiàng)“涉及作者的任命和晉升”正確。

4.判斷推理題。最后一段給出了答案:Afterall,ifqualityjudgmentsaboutindividualsaretobemadeonthebasisoftheirpersonalcontributions,thenthejudgesbetterknowwhattheydid.Butifquestionsariseaboutthevalidityoftheworkasawhole,whetheraschallengestoitsconductorasevaluationsofitsinfluenceinthefield,ateamisateam,andthemembersshouldsharethecreditortheblame(畢竟，如果要根據(jù)個(gè)人的貢獻(xiàn)對(duì)個(gè)人做出高質(zhì)量的判斷，那么法官們就能更清楚知道他們做了什么。但是，如果對(duì)整個(gè)工作的有效性產(chǎn)生疑問，無論是作為對(duì)其行為的挑戰(zhàn)，還是作為對(duì)其在該領(lǐng)域影響的評(píng)估，一個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)就是一個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)，成員們應(yīng)該共同承擔(dān)責(zé)任)，因此A項(xiàng)“評(píng)判是針對(duì)論文本身還是其作者”正確。

5.主旨大意題。文章開頭提出現(xiàn)象:科學(xué)論文上發(fā)表論文的作者的平均數(shù)量急劇上升，然后指出此現(xiàn)象帶來的社會(huì)問題，最后提供了解決辦法。因此，D項(xiàng)“多個(gè)作者，多個(gè)問題”最適合做文章標(biāo)題。

20.單選題

Memberstateshadtheopinionto（）fromthisagreementswithoneyear'snotice.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.deny

B.object

C.suspect

D.withdraw

【答案】D

【解析】句意:成員國有權(quán)在一年的觀察期內(nèi)退出該協(xié)議。

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。deny否定；object反對(duì);suspect猜疑;withdraw撤回，不再給予，取錢。因此D符合句意。

21.單選題

HewaslookingadmiringlyatthephotographpublishedbyCollinsin（）withtheImperialMuseum.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.combination

B.collaboration

C.connection

D.collection

【答案】B

【解析】句意:他在羨慕地看著由柯林斯與帝國博物館合作出版的照片。

考查短語辨析。incombinationwith與…結(jié)合，聯(lián)合；incollaborationwith與…合作；寫作；inconnectionwith與…有關(guān)。沒有incollectionwith的搭配。因此B項(xiàng)正確。

22.單選題

Wesometimesthinkhumansareuniquelyvulnerabletoanxiety,butstressseemstoaffecttheimmunedefensesofloweranimalstoo.Inoneexperiment,forexample,behavioralimmunologist(免疫學(xué)家)MarkLaudenslager,attheUniversityofDenver,gavemildelectricshockstiog24rats.Halftheanimalscouldswitchoffthecurrentbyturningawheelintheirenclosure,whiletheotherhalfcouldnot.Theratsinthetwogroupswerepairedsothateachtimeoneratturnedthewheelitprotectedbothitselfanditshelplesspartnerfromtheshock

Laudenslagerfoundthattheimmuneresponsewasdepressedbelownormalinthehelplessratsbutnotinthosethatcouldturnofftheelectricity.Whathehasdemonstrated,hebelieves,isthatlackofcontroloveranevent,nottheexperienceitself,iswhatweakenstheimmunesystem.

Otherresearchersagree.JayWeiss,apsychologistatDukeUniversitySchoolofMedicine,hasshownthatanimalswhoareallowedtocontrolunpleasantstimulidon’tdevelopsleepdisturbancesorchangesinbrainchemistrytypicalofstressedrats.Butiftheanimalsareconfrontedwithsituationstheyhavenocontrolover,theylaterbehavepassivelywhenfacedwithexperiencestheycancontrol.Suchfindingsreinforcepsychologists'suspicionsthattheexperienceorperceptionofhelplessnessisoneofthemostharmfulfactorsindepression.

Oneofthemoststartlingexamplesofhowthemindcanaltertheimmuneresponsewasdiscoveredbychance.In1975psychologistRobertAderattheUniversityofRochesterSchoolofMedicineconditioned(使形成條件反射)micetoavoidsaccharin(糖精)bysimultaneouslyfeedingthemthesweetenerandinjectingthemwithadrugthatwhilesuppressingtheirimmunesystemscausedstomachupsets.Associatingthesaccharinwiththestomachpains,themicequicklylearnedtoavoidthesweetener.Inordertoextinguishthisdislikeforthesweetener,Aderreexposedtheanimalstosaccharin,thistimewithoutthedrug,andwasastonishedtofindthatthosemicethathadreceivedthehighestamountsofsweetenerduringtheirearlierconditioningdied.Hecouldonlyspeculatethathehadsosuccessfullyconditionedtheratsthatsaccharinalonenowservedtoweakentheirimmunesystemsenoughtoskillthem.

1.Laudenslager'sexperimentshowedthattheimmunesystemofthoseratswhocouldturnoffthe

electricity（）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,theexperienceofhelplessnesscausesratsto（）.

33.ThereasonwhythemiceinAder'sexperimentavoidedsaccharinwasthat（）.

4.ThepassagetellsusthatthemostprobablereasonforthedeathofthemiceinAder'sexperiment

wasthat（）.

5.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethattheimmunesystemsofanimals（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.wasstrengthened

B.wasnotaffected

C.wasaltered

D.wasweakened

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.trytocontrolunpleasantstimuli

B.turnofftheelectricity

C.behavepassivelyincontrollablesituations

D.becomeabnormallysuspicious

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.theydislikeditstaste

B.itaffectedtheirimmunesystem

C.itledtostomachpains

D.theyassociateditwithstomachaches

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.theyhadbeenweakenedpsychologicallybythesaccharin

B.thesweetenerwaspoisonoustothem

C.theirimmunesystemshadbeenalteredbythemind

D.theyhadtakentoomuchsweetenerduringearlierconditioning

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.canbeweakenedbyconditioning

B.canbesuppressedbydruginfections

C.canbeaffectedbyfrequentdosesofsaccharin

D.canbealteredbyelectricshocks

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第一段倒數(shù)第二句指出:Laudenslagerfoundthattheimmuneresponsewasdepressedbelownormalinthehelplessratsbutnotinthosethatcouldturnofftheelectricity(Laudenslager發(fā)現(xiàn)，無助老鼠（不能關(guān)掉電流的老鼠）的免疫功能被削弱至低于正常水平，但是，對(duì)于那些能切斷電流的老鼠的免疫功能則不會(huì)受到影響)。因此B項(xiàng)“不受影響”正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第二段第三句指出:Butiftheanimalsareconfrontedwithsituationstheyhavenocontrolover,theylaterbehavepassivelywhenfacedwithexperiencestheycancontrol(但是，如果動(dòng)物有（老鼠）面對(duì)過控制不了的情況，那么，以后即使在自己能夠控制的情況下，其反應(yīng)也是消極的)，因此C項(xiàng)“在可控制的情況下，表現(xiàn)得消極”正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第三段指出:Associatingthesaccharinwiththestomachpains,themicequicklylearnedtoavoidthesweetener(將糖精與胃疼關(guān)聯(lián)后，老鼠很快學(xué)會(huì)避免糖精)。因此，選D項(xiàng)“他們與胃疼有關(guān)聯(lián)”。

4.判斷推理題。第三段舉例是為了證明該段中心句，即:...howthemindcanaltertheimmuneresponse...(思想是如何改變/影響免疫系統(tǒng))，故選C項(xiàng)“它們的免疫系統(tǒng)被其思想改變了”。

5.判斷推理題。第三段中Ader的實(shí)驗(yàn)說明通過各種具體手段使動(dòng)物形成某

種條件反射就能削弱其免疫功能。因此，A項(xiàng)“條件反射可能減弱免疫系統(tǒng)”正確。

23.單選題

Wehad（）wonderfultime（）theparty（）otherday.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.a,on,the

B./,at,on

C.a,at,the

D./,on,/

【答案】C

【解析】句意:前幾天，我在聚會(huì)上玩得很開心。

考查固定搭配。haveawonderfultime玩得開心。atparty在聚會(huì)上。theotherday前幾天。

24.單選題

BarackObama'shealthreformsWHENBarackObamasignedasweepingsetofhealthreformsintolawonMarch23rd2010,heknewitwasahistoricmoment-andnotjustbecauseJoeBiden,thevice-president,whisperedintohisearthatitwasa"bigfuckingdeal".Hehadsuccessfullyriddenthewaveofpopularsupportthatbroughthimintoofficetodeliveruniversalhealthcoverage,afeatthateludedallhispredecessors.

Buttherealityofpoliticshasobstructedthatgranddream.RepublicanleadersinCongressaretryingtorepealthelawoutright.Severalfederaljudgeshaveruledthatoneofthecentralprovisionsofthenewreforms,an"individualmandate"requiringeveryonetopurchasecoverage,isunconstitutional.AndarecentpollbytheKaiserFamilyFoundation(KFF),anon-partisanoutfit,revealedthathostilitytothelawsamongpoliticallyvitalindependentshasshotupsharply.Oneyearon,howfaresMr.Obama'sproudestachievement?

Thechiefstrategyusedbytheadministrationtowinoverskepticsandtounderminelegalchallengesistopresentthenewlawsasanunstoppablejuggernaut.Forexample,whenKathleenSebelius,thesecretaryofhealthandhumanservices,spokeaboutthereformtotheSenateFinanceCommitteeonMarch16th,shepointedtoevidenceofan"enormousdifferenceithasmadeinthelivesofAmericans".

True,theadministrationhasrushedintoforceprovisionsaffectingconsumersdirectly,inaneffortwinpopularsupport.Forexample,someforbidinsurersfromdenyingcoveragetochildrenwithpre-existingconditions,orimposinglifetimepayoutcapsonanyone.Thenewlawsalsoalreadyrequireinsurerstocoverchildrenupto26ontheirparents'policies,whichwillbenefitsome1.2myoungpeople.Nearly48mpeopleonMedicare,thegovernmenthealthschemefortheelderly,aretogetfreepreventiveservicessuchascolonoscopiesandmammograms.In2010nearly4mofthemgot$250tax-freerebatestohelppayfordrugs.

Allthatseemsimpressive,buthere’stherub:manyAmericansdonotbelieveMrs.Sebelius.RoughlyhalfofthosepolledbyKF'FthoughtObamacarehadalreadybeenrepealedorwereunsureoffooting.Itremainsthelawoftheland.

Theadministrationisalsoforgingaheadwithlessvisibleaspectsofthenewlaws.By2014,whenthebulkofthereform’sprovisionskickin,statesarerequiredtohaveputregulatedinsuranceexchangesinplacesothatconsumerscanbuyplansthatmeetminimumstandardsforcoverage.Allwouldberequiredtobuyinsurance,butthelesswell-offwillgetsubsidies.Thefederalgovernmentisofferingtechnicalassistanceaswellasmoneytostatestonudgethemtowardsestablishingsuchmarket-places.Alas,inthistooMr.Obamahashitsnags.SomeRepublican-ledstates,firstamongthemAiaskaandFlorida,arerefusingtotakethemoney,whilemanyothersaredemandingtherules.Tothesurpriseofsome,Mr.ObamaannouncedatarecentmeetingofgovernorsattheWhiteHousethathesupportsaplan-firstproposedbyRonWyden,asparkyDemocraticsenator-togrant"innovationwaivers"startingin2014.Aslongasstatesmeetgeneralgoalsoncoveringmorepeopleandcurbingcosts,theywillbegivenflexibilityinhowtheysetuptheirlocalinsurancemarkets.

1.BarackObamaknewhissetofhealthreformswasatahistoricmomentbecauseof（）.

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsareNotTrue?

3.KathleenSenelius,thesecretaryofhealthandhumanservices,has（）.

4.AccordingtothepollbyKFF,Obamacare（）.

5.AccordingtoObamacare,statescanbefreeinwaysofbuildinglocalinsurancemarketsifthey（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.JoeBiden,thevice-president,thoughtthatitwasa"bigfuckingdeal".

B.hehimselfwaspopularlysupported.

C.itwasafeatthatsurpassedalltheotherpresidents.

D.itwasauniversallycoveredhealthreform

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.ThatgranddreamofObama'shealthreformhasbeenpoliticallyconstructed

B.RepublicanleadersinCongressdisagreedwithObama'shealthreform.

C.IndependentstookahostileattitudetowardsObama'shealthreform.

D.SeveralfederaljudgeshaveregardedObama’shealthreformunlawful.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.beenstronglysupportedbytheinsurers.

B.greatlyimpressedbythehealthreform

C.deniedanenormousdifferencethehealthreformmadeinthelivesofAmericans

D.comeacrossarubinpromotingthehealthreform

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.lackedlegalrootingan