2022年考研考博-考博英語-河北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號15

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-河北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Hisparents______,theorphanisnowtakencareofbythegovernment.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.havedied

B.dead

C.dying

D.havingdied

【答案】D

【解析】考查獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。句意：因?yàn)樗母改敢呀?jīng)去世，這個(gè)孤兒現(xiàn)在由政府照顧。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)句子中作狀語，非謂語動詞主動用現(xiàn)在分詞，被動用過去分詞。在這里Hisparents主動die，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞，動作發(fā)生在之前且對現(xiàn)在有影響，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，D選項(xiàng)havingdied正確，其余選項(xiàng)語法錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

I______atthematurityofsuchayoungchild.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.surprised

B.marveled

C.shocked

D.moved

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)surprised“使感到意外”；B選項(xiàng)marveled“大為贊嘆”；C選項(xiàng)shocked“驚愕；休克”；D選項(xiàng)moved“使感動”。句意：我對這樣一個(gè)孩子的成熟感到______。根據(jù)語境，這里是指沒想到這么小的小孩子竟然這么成熟，帶著褒獎的意味，所以marveled“大為贊嘆”符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Governmentreports,examinationcompositions,legaldocumentsandmostbusinesslettersarethemainsituations______formallanguageisused.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.inwhich

B.onwhich

C.inthat

D.atwhat

【答案】A

【解析】考查定語從句。formallanguageisused是用來修飾situations的定語從句，并且是一個(gè)完整的句子，可知橫線上的部分充當(dāng)關(guān)系副詞，根據(jù)短語inthesituation可知橫線部分表示地點(diǎn)，所以答案選A選項(xiàng)inwhich，B選項(xiàng)onwhich錯(cuò)誤。inwhat用法錯(cuò)誤，故C選項(xiàng)inwhat錯(cuò)誤。atwhat用法錯(cuò)誤，D選項(xiàng)atwhat錯(cuò)誤。句意：政府報(bào)告、考試作文、法律文件和大多數(shù)商務(wù)信函是使用正式語言的主要情況。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

TheoldestlivingthingsonEartharetrees.SomeofCalifornia’ssequoiashaveforfourthousandyearslookeddownonthechangesinthelandscapeandthecomingsandgoingsofhumans.TheysproutedfromtinyseedsaboutthetimetheEgyptianpyramidswerebeingbuilt.Todaythesegiantpatriarchsseemasremoteandinaccessibleastherocksandmountaincliffsonwhichtheygrow,likecathedralcolumnsholdingupthesky.Itishardtoimaginethemplayinganypartinthelivesofmerehumansorbeinginanywayaffectedbythecreaturesthatpassattheirfeet.

Lessertrees,however,haveplayedanintimateroleinthelivesofpeoplesincetheyfirstappearedonEarth.Treesfedthefiresthatwarmedhumans:theyprovidedshelter,foodandmedicineandevenclothing.Theyalsoshapedpeople’sspiritualhorizons.Treesexpressedthegrandeurandmysteryoflife,astheymovedthroughthecycleofseasons,fromlifetodeathandbacktolifeagain.Treeswerethelargestlivingthingsaroundhumansandtheyknewthatsometreeshadbeenstandingonthesamespotintheirparents’andgrandparents’time,andwouldcontinuetostandlongaftertheyweregone.Nowonderthesetreesbecamesymbolsofstrength,fruitfulness,andeverlastinglife.

1.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthepassageasawayinwhichpeoplehaveusedtrees?

3.Theunderlinedphrase“giantpatriarchs”inparagraph1couldbestbereplacedbywhichofthefollowing?

4.Theunderlinedword“they”inparagraph2referstowhichofthefollowing?

5.Theauthorimpliesthat,comparedwithsequoias,othertreeshave________.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Treesgrowtogreatheights.

B.Treeshavebeenimportanttopeoplethroughouthistory.

C.Treesmakehumansseemsuperior.

D.TreesthatgrowinCaliforniaareveryold.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Forfurniture.

B.Forfuel.

C.Forhousing.

D.Fornourishment.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.tinyseeds

B.importantleaders

C.toweringtrees

D.Egyptianpyramids

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Trees

B.Grandeurandmystery

C.Seasons

D.People’sspiritualhorizons

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.beeninexistencelonger

B.adaptedmorereadilytotheirenvironments

C.beenaffectedmorebyanimals

D.hadacloserrelationshipwithpeople

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章講了樹木在歷史的發(fā)展，點(diǎn)出樹木對人的作用，所以B選項(xiàng)“縱觀歷史，樹木對人類很重要”正確。A選項(xiàng)“樹長得很高”和D選項(xiàng)“生長在加州的樹很古老”是文章的部分內(nèi)容，不足以概括全文。C選項(xiàng)“樹讓人看起來更優(yōu)越”文中沒有提到。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段第二句Treesfedthefiresthatwarmedhumans:theyprovidedshelter,foodandmedicineandevenclothing.（樹木為人類提供了溫暖的爐火：它們提供了住所、食物、藥品甚至衣服。），所以這里提到了B選項(xiàng)“作為燃料”，C選項(xiàng)“建房子”和D選項(xiàng)“吸收其營養(yǎng)”，沒有提到A選項(xiàng)“做成家具”。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

3.語義推測題。根據(jù)第一段第三、四句TheysproutedfromtinyseedsaboutthetimetheEgyptianpyramidswerebeingbuilt.Todaythesegiantpatriarchsseemasremoteandinaccessibleastherocksandmountaincliffsonwhichtheygrow,likecathedralcolumnsholdingupthesky.（大約在建造埃及金字塔的時(shí)候，它們從微小的種子中發(fā)芽。今天，這些巨大的創(chuàng)始者就像它們生長的巖石和懸崖一樣遙遠(yuǎn)和難以接近，就像支撐天空的大教堂柱子。），可知這些“巨大的家長”生長在巖石和懸崖上，就像大教堂柱子一樣高，所以C選項(xiàng)“高聳的樹木”正確，A選項(xiàng)“小小的種子”和D選項(xiàng)“埃及金字塔”錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“重要的領(lǐng)袖”文中沒有提到。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

4.語義推測題。根據(jù)第二段第四句Treesexpressedthegrandeurandmysteryoflife,astheymovedthroughthecycleofseasons,fromlifetodeathandbacktolifeagain.（樹木表現(xiàn)了生命的宏偉和神秘，因?yàn)樗鼈冊诩竟?jié)的循環(huán)中移動，從生到死，再回到生命。），可知“它們”指的是A選項(xiàng)“樹木”，B選項(xiàng)“宏偉和神秘”和C選項(xiàng)“四季”錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“人們的精神視野”：根據(jù)第二段第三句Theyalsoshapedpeople’sspiritualhorizons.（它們還塑造了人們的精神視野。），這里的“它們”也指樹木，故錯(cuò)誤。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段倒數(shù)第一、二句Todaythesegiantpatriarchsseemasremoteandinaccessibleastherocksandmountaincliffsonwhichtheygrow…Itishardtoimaginethemplayinganypartinthelivesofmerehumansorbeinginanywayaffectedbythecreaturesthatpassattheirfeet.（今天，這些巨大的創(chuàng)始者就像它們生長的巖石和懸崖一樣遙遠(yuǎn)和難以接近……很難想象他們會在人類的生活中扮演任何角色，或者受到他們腳下的生物的任何影響。），可知相比于紅杉樹，其他樹木更貼近人類生活，所以D選項(xiàng)“與人有更密切的關(guān)系”正確。A選項(xiàng)“存在更久”，B選項(xiàng)“更容易適應(yīng)環(huán)境”和C選項(xiàng)“更容易受到動物的影響”文中沒有提到。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Thesedesksandseatscanbe______totheheighttoanychild.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.adapted

B.adopted

C.adjusted

D.attached

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)adapted“適應(yīng)”；B選項(xiàng)adopted“采用”；C選項(xiàng)adjusted“調(diào)整；校正”；D選項(xiàng)attached“附加”。句意：這些課桌和椅子可以______到任何孩子的高度。根據(jù)語境，這里是指這些課桌和椅子可以調(diào)整高度，所以adjusted“調(diào)整”符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Theseisolatedelephantpopulationsare______toextinction.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.fragile

B.primitive

C.vulnerable

D.susceptible

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)fragile“易碎的；不牢固的；虛弱的”；B選項(xiàng)primitive“原始的；落后的；（感覺或欲望）原始本能的”；C選項(xiàng)vulnerable“（身體上或感情上）脆弱的；易受……傷害的”，側(cè)重指（由于有夾縫或弱點(diǎn)而）易受責(zé)難或攻擊；D選項(xiàng)susceptible“易受（傷）的；易患（?。┑摹?，側(cè)重指易受影響。句意：這些______的大象種群很容易滅絕。根據(jù)語境，容易滅絕是因?yàn)槿菀资軅?，C選項(xiàng)vulnerable“（身體上或感情上）脆弱的；易受……傷害的”符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Birdsthatareliterallyhalf-asleep—withonebrainhemispherealertandtheothersleep—controlwhichsideofthebrainremainsawake,accordingtoanewstudyofsleepingducks.

Earlierstudieshavedocumentedhalf-brainsleepinawiderangeofbirds.Thebrainhemispherestaketurnssinkingintothesleepstagecharacterizedbyslowbrainwaves.Theeye

Controlledbythesleepinghemispherekeepsshut,whilethewakefulhemisphere’seyestaysopenandalert.Birdsalsocansleepwithbothhemispheresrestingatonce.

Decadesofstudiesofbirdflocksledresearcherstopredictextraalertnessinthemorevulnerable,end-of-the-rowsleepers.Sureenough,theendbirdstendedtowatchcarefullyonthesideawayfromtheircompanions.Ducksintheinnerspotsshowednopreferenceforgazedirection.

Also,birdsdozingattheendofthelineresortedtosingle-hemispheresleep,ratherthantotalrelaxation,moreoftenthaninnerducksdid.Rotating16birdsthroughthepositionsinafourduckrow,theresearchersfoundouterbirdshalf-asleepduringsome32percentofdozingtimeversusabout12percentforbirdsininternalspots.

“Webelievethisisthefirstevidenceforananimalbehaviorallycontrollingsleepandwakefulnesssimultaneouslyindifferentregionsofthebrain,”theresearcherssay.

Theresultsprovidethebestevidenceforalong-standingsuppositionthatsingle-hemispheresleepevolvedascreaturesscannedforenemies.Thepreferenceforopeninganeyeonthelookoutsidecouldbewidespread,hepredicts.He’sseenitinapairofbirdsdozingside-by-sideinthezooandinasinglepetbirdsleepingbyamirror.Themirror-sideeyeclosedasifthereflectionwereacompanionandtheothereyestayedopen.

Usefulashalf-sleepingmightbe,it’sonlybeenfoundinbirdsandsuchwatermammalsas

Dolphins,whales,andseals.Perhapskeepingonesideofthebrainawakeallowsasleepinganimaltosurfaceoccasionallytoavoiddrowning.

Studiesofbirdsmayofferuniqueinsightsintosleep.JeromeM.SiegeloftheUCLAsayshewondersifbirds’half-brainsleep“isjustthetipoftheiceberg”.Hespeculatesthatmoreexamplesmayturnupwhenwetakeacloserlookatotherspecies.

1.Anewstudyonbirds’sleephasrevealedthat____________.

2.Accordingtothepassage,birdsoftenhalfsleepbecause____________.

3.Theexampleofabirdsleepinginfrontofamirrorindicatesthat____________.

4.Whilesleeping,somewatermammalstendtokeephalf-awakeinorderto____________.

5.By“justthetipoftheiceberg”(Line2,Para.8),Siegelsuggeststhat____________.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.half-brainsleepisfoundinawidevarietyofbirds,

B.half-brainsleepischaracterizedbyslowbrainwaves

C.birdscancontroltheirhalf-brainsleepconsciously

D.birdsseldomsleepwiththewholeoftheirbrainatrest

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.theyhavetowatchoutforpossibleattacks

B.theirbrainhemispherestaketurnstorest

C.thetwohalvesoftheirbrainaredifferentlystructured

D.theyhavetoconstantlykeepaneyeontheircompanions

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.thephenomenonofbirdsdozinginpairsiswidespread

B.birdsprefertosleepinpairsforthesakeofsecurity

C.evenanimaginedcompaniongivesthebirdasenseofsecurity

D.asinglepetbirdenjoysseeingitsownreflectioninthemirror

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.alertthemselvestotheapproachingenemy

B.emergefromwaternowandthentobreathe

C.besensitivetotheever-changingenvironment

D.avoidbeingsweptawaybyrapidcurrents

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.half-brainsleephassomethingtodowithicyweather

B.themysteryofhalf-brainsleepisclosetobeingsolved

C.mostbirdslivingincoldregionstendtobehalfsleepers

D.half-brainsleepisaphenomenonthatcouldexistamongotherspecies.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.語義推測題。根據(jù)第一段第一句Birdsthatareliterallyhalf-asleep—withonebrainhemispherealertandtheothersleep—controlwhichsideofthebrainremainsawake,accordingtoanewstudyofsleepingducks.（根據(jù)一項(xiàng)對睡著的鴨子的最新研究，鳥類處于半睡眠狀態(tài)，其中一個(gè)腦半球保持警戒，另一個(gè)腦半球用來睡覺——或者控制這一側(cè)大腦保持清醒。），可知鳥類可以控制自己的睡眠，所以C選項(xiàng)“鳥類可以有意識地控制他們的半腦睡眠”正確。A選項(xiàng)“發(fā)現(xiàn)半腦睡眠出現(xiàn)在很多鳥類身上”，B選項(xiàng)“半腦睡眠的特點(diǎn)是腦電波緩慢”和D選項(xiàng)“鳥類很少在休息的時(shí)候用整個(gè)大腦睡覺”：根據(jù)第二段第一句Earlierstudieshavedocumentedhalf-brainsleepinawiderangeofbirds.（早期的研究已經(jīng)記錄了很多鳥類的半腦睡眠。），可知這是早期研究的結(jié)果，故錯(cuò)誤。推測因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第六段第一句single-hemispheresleepevolvedascreaturesscannedforenemies（動物在觀察周圍以提防敵人時(shí)進(jìn)化出了半腦睡眠），可知動物因?yàn)橐岱罃橙吮Ｗo(hù)自己而發(fā)展出來半腦睡眠，所以A選項(xiàng)“他們必須提防可能的攻擊”正確。B選項(xiàng)“他們的大腦半球輪流休息”：這是半腦睡眠帶來的影響和好處，而非原因，故錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“他們的大腦的兩個(gè)半球是不同的結(jié)構(gòu)”：文章沒有提到鳥類的腦部結(jié)構(gòu)是怎樣的，故錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“他們必須時(shí)刻注意他們的同伴”：這屬于半腦睡眠運(yùn)用的地方和體現(xiàn)，而非原因，故錯(cuò)誤。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段最后一句Themirror-sideeyeclosedasifthereflectionwereacompanionandtheothereyestayedopen.（鏡子那邊的那只眼睛閉上了，好像鏡子里的那只眼睛是同伴，而另一只眼睛則一直睜開著。），可知即使沒有真正的同伴在，鳥兒也會視鏡子中的自己為同伴，不一定非得要和同伴一起睡覺，結(jié)合鳥類的半腦睡眠是因?yàn)楸Ｗo(hù)自己，所以C選項(xiàng)“即使是一個(gè)想象中的同伴也會給鳥一種安全感”正確，B選項(xiàng)“為了安全起見，鳥兒喜歡成對睡覺”和D選項(xiàng)“一只寵物鳥喜歡看到自己在鏡子里的倒影”錯(cuò)誤。A選項(xiàng)“鳥兒成對打瞌睡的現(xiàn)象很普遍”：沒有提到，故錯(cuò)誤。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

4.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第七段最后一句Perhapskeepingonesideofthebrainawakeallowsasleepinganimaltosurfaceoccasionallytoavoiddrowning.（也許保持一側(cè)大腦清醒可以讓睡著的動物偶爾浮出水面，以避免溺水。），可知一些水生哺乳動物為了在睡著時(shí)保持安全而發(fā)展出半睡眠狀態(tài)，所以D選項(xiàng)“避免被急流沖走”正確。A選項(xiàng)“警惕接近的敵人”，B選項(xiàng)“偶爾從水里冒出來呼吸”和C選項(xiàng)“感知不斷變化的環(huán)境”沒有提到，故錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

5.語義推測題。根據(jù)第八段最后一句Hespeculatesthatmoreexamplesmayturnupwhenwetakeacloserlookatotherspecies.（他推測，當(dāng)我們進(jìn)一步觀察其他物種時(shí)，可能會發(fā)現(xiàn)更多的例子。），可知JeromeM.Siegel認(rèn)為半腦睡眠可能也存在于其他生物，所以D選項(xiàng)“半腦睡眠是一種可能存在于其他物種中的現(xiàn)象”正確。A選項(xiàng)“半腦睡眠與寒冷天氣有關(guān)”和C選項(xiàng)“大多數(shù)生活在寒冷地區(qū)的鳥類往往是半睡眠者”：這里的冰山一角和天氣寒冷無關(guān)，故錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“半腦睡眠之謎即將被破解”：文章沒有提到破解謎題，并且這還需要進(jìn)一步研究，故錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Here______youwanttosee.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.comesthegirl

B.comedoesthegirl

C.thegirlcomes

D.comingthegirlis

【答案】A

【解析】考查倒裝句。句意：你想見的女孩來了。here位于句首時(shí)，其后用完全倒裝形式，倒裝句中的謂語動詞come和go不能用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，所以A選項(xiàng)comesthegirl符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Thosenaughtyboyswerecaught____flowersinthegardenagain.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.tosteal

B.stealing

C.havingstolen

D.tohavestolen

【答案】B

【解析】考查現(xiàn)在分詞的用法?，F(xiàn)在分詞放在另一動作之后，表示主語在進(jìn)行謂語動向所表示的動作的同時(shí)正在進(jìn)行另一個(gè)動作，此時(shí)現(xiàn)在分詞對謂語動詞起修飾或陪襯的作用。句意：那些淘氣的男孩又在花園里偷花被抓了，因此根據(jù)句意B項(xiàng)為正確答案。catch的常見用法catchsbdoingsth“發(fā)現(xiàn)某人正在做某事”，轉(zhuǎn)換為被動用法則是sbbecaughtdoingsth，因此A和D項(xiàng)均錯(cuò)誤；C項(xiàng)使用的是現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式，與句意不符，故排除。

10.單選題

FromherconversationI______thatshehadalargefamily.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.estimated

B.suspected

C.predicted

D.deduced

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)estimated“（對數(shù)量、成本等的）估計(jì)”；B選項(xiàng)suspected“懷疑；覺得（尤指壞事可能屬實(shí)或發(fā)生）”；C選項(xiàng)predicted“預(yù)言”；D選項(xiàng)deduced“推斷”。句意：從和她的談話中我______她有一個(gè)大家庭。根據(jù)語境，通過談話得出她有一個(gè)大家庭，談話中得出信息和事實(shí)，deduced“推斷”符合題意。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

______humanbehaviormaybecausedbyeatingsubstancesthatupsetthedelicatechemicalbalanceinthebrain.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Deliberate

B.Consistent

C.Abnormal

D.Primitive

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)Deliberate“故意的；從容的”；B選項(xiàng)Consistent“一致的；堅(jiān)持的”；C選項(xiàng)Abnormal“反常的”；D選項(xiàng)Primitive“原始的；簡單的”。句意：______的人類行為可能是由于食用了破壞大腦中微妙的化學(xué)物質(zhì)平衡的物質(zhì)而引起的。根據(jù)語境，大腦化學(xué)物質(zhì)失衡會導(dǎo)致人和平時(shí)不同，Abnormal“反常的”符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

Sportingactivitiesareessentiallymodifiedformsofhuntingbehavior.Viewedbiologically,themodernfootballeris（1）asamemberofadisguisedhuntingpack.Hiskillingweaponhasturnedintoaharmlessfootballandhispreyintoagoal-mouth.Ifhisaimis（2）andhescoresagoal,heenjoysthehunter’striumphofkillinghisprey.

Tounderstandhowthis（3）hastakenplacewemustbrieflylook（4）ourancientancestors.Theyspentoveramillionyearsevolvingasco-operativehunters.Theirvery（5）dependedonsuccessinthehunting-field.Underthispressuretheirwholewayoflife,eventheirbodies,became（6）changed.Theybecamechasers,runners,jumpers,aimers,throwers（7）prey-killers.Theyco-operateasskillfulmale-groupattackers.

Then,abouttenthousandyearsago,afterthis（8）longformativeperiodofhuntingforfood,theybecamefarmers.Theirimprovedintelligence,sovitaltotheiroldhuntinglife,（9）puttoanewuse—thatofpenning,controllinganddomesticatingtheirprey.Thefoodwasthereonthefarms,awaitingtheirneeds.Therisksanduncertaintiesof（10）werenolongeressentialforsurvival.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.exhibited

B.displayed

C.paraded

D.revealed

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.accurate

B.inaccurate

C.comfortable

D.uncomfortable

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.transformation

B.transmission

C.transaction

D.transition

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.at

B.up

C.into

D.on

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.image

B.pledge

C.survival

D.appeal

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.restrictively

B.radically

C.practically

D.exclusively

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.and

B.or

C.but

D.so

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.immensely

B.immerse

C.imminently

D.permanent

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.was

B.were

C.is

D.are

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.hunting

B.farming

C.killing

D.penning

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:C

第6題:B

第7題:A

第8題:A

第9題:A

第10題:A

【解析】1.考查動詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)exhibited“表現(xiàn)出；展覽”；B選項(xiàng)displayed“陳列；展示；表露（特點(diǎn)、素質(zhì)、情感）”；C選項(xiàng)paraded“（為使自己獲益而）展示；游行”；D選項(xiàng)revealed“透露；揭露”。句意：從生物學(xué)角度來看，現(xiàn)代足球運(yùn)動員______是偽裝的狩獵群體中的一員。根據(jù)語境，這里是生物學(xué)的角度顯示出現(xiàn)代足球運(yùn)動員是偽裝的狩獵者，D選項(xiàng)revealed“透露；揭露”符合題意。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

2.考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)accurate“準(zhǔn)確的；精確的”；B選項(xiàng)inaccurate“不準(zhǔn)確的”；C選項(xiàng)comfortable“舒服的”；D選項(xiàng)uncomfortable“不舒服的”。句意：如果他目標(biāo)______，并且得分，會享受類似獵人殺死獵物取得勝利的感覺。根據(jù)語境，這里指足球運(yùn)動員踢進(jìn)足球贏得分?jǐn)?shù)，A選項(xiàng)accurate“準(zhǔn)確的；精確的”符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

3.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)transformation“轉(zhuǎn)變；（徹底的）變化”；B選項(xiàng)transmission“傳送；傳播”；C選項(xiàng)transaction“交易”；D選項(xiàng)transition“轉(zhuǎn)型；（逐漸地）轉(zhuǎn)向”。句意：為了理解這種______是如何發(fā)生的。根據(jù)文章第一句可知體育活動本質(zhì)上是狩獵行為的改良，所以體育活動是從狩獵行為演變而來，A選項(xiàng)transformation“轉(zhuǎn)變；（徹底的）變化”符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)lookat“看；考慮；著眼于”；B選項(xiàng)lookup“查閱；（久別后）拜訪”；C選項(xiàng)lookinto“觀察；調(diào)查；瀏覽”；D選項(xiàng)lookon“看待；視作”。句意：我們必須簡略地______我們的祖先。根據(jù)語境，這里是指看看我們的祖先的具體情況，A選項(xiàng)lookat“看；考慮；著眼于”符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

5.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)image“想象”；B選項(xiàng)pledge“諾言；抵押”；C選項(xiàng)survival“幸存”；D選項(xiàng)appeal“上訴；吸引力”。句意：他們的______取決于在獵場上的成功。根據(jù)語境，這里指在獵場上成功捕到獵物讓他們生存下來，C選項(xiàng)survival“幸存”符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

6.考查副詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)restrictively“限制性地”；B選項(xiàng)radically“從根本上，徹底地”；C選項(xiàng)practically“實(shí)事求是地”；D選項(xiàng)exclusively“唯一地，專有地”。句意：在這種壓力下，他們的整個(gè)生活方式，甚至他們的身體，都發(fā)生了______變化。根據(jù)上文，這里指成功捕獵才能存活的壓力讓我們的祖先發(fā)生了變化，以及下一句中交代的追逐、賽跑、跳高、瞄準(zhǔn)、投擲等，可知這是生活方式和身體上質(zhì)的變化，B選項(xiàng)radically“從根本上；徹底地”符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

7.考查連詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)and“和”；B選項(xiàng)or“或者”；C選項(xiàng)but“但是”；D選項(xiàng)so“所以”。句意：他們成為追逐者、賽跑者、跳高者、瞄準(zhǔn)者、投擲者_(dá)_____捕食者。根據(jù)語境，這里表示并列，包含這里列出的所有身份，A選項(xiàng)and“和”符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

8.考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)immensely“極其地；非常地”；B選項(xiàng)immerse“使浸沒于；沉浸在”；C選項(xiàng)imminently“緊急地；迫切地”；D選項(xiàng)permanent“永恒的”。句意：然后，大約一萬年前，在經(jīng)歷了______漫長的狩獵形成時(shí)期之后，他們成為了農(nóng)民。根據(jù)語境，這里的一萬年非常久，A選項(xiàng)immensely“極其地，非常地”修飾long“長的”比較合理。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

9.考查主謂一致。句意：他們的智力提高了，這對它們以前的狩獵生活至關(guān)重要，現(xiàn)在智力又有了新的用途——圈養(yǎng)、控制和馴養(yǎng)獵物。根據(jù)主語是intelligence確定謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式，根據(jù)動作發(fā)生在以前確定用一般過去時(shí)，所以A選項(xiàng)was正確，其余選項(xiàng)語法錯(cuò)誤。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

10.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)hunting“捕獵”；B選項(xiàng)farming“耕作”；C選項(xiàng)killing“謀殺”；D選項(xiàng)penning“用石塊鋪砌”。句意：______的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和不確定性不再是生存的必要條件。根據(jù)上文，捕獵是生存的必要條件，A選項(xiàng)hunting“捕獵”符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

Inafamilywheretherolesofmenandwomenarenotsharplyseparatedandwheremanyhouseholdtasksaresharedtoagreaterorlesserextent,notionsofmalesuperiorityarehardtomaintain.Thepatternofsharingintasksandindecisionsmakesforequality,andthisinturnleadstofurthersharing.Insuchahome,thegrowingboyandgirllearntoacceptthatequalitymoreeasilythandidtheirparentsandtopreparemorefullyforparticipationinaworldcharacterizedbycooperationratherthanbythebattleofthesexes.

Iftheprocessgoestoofarandman’sroleisregardedaslessimportant—andthathashappenedinsomecasesweareasbadlyoffasbefore,onlyinreverse.

ItistimetoreassesstheroleofthemanintheAmericanfamily.Wearegettingalittletiredofmomism—butwedon’twanttoexchangeitforaneo-popism.Whatweneed,rather,istherecognitionthatbringingupchildreninvolvesapartnershipofequals.

Therearesignsthatpsychiatrists,psychologists,socialworkers,andspecialistsonthefamilyarebecomingmoreawareofthepartmenplayandthattheyhavedecidedthatwomenshouldnotreceiveallthecreditnotalltheblame.Wehavealmostgivenupsayingthatawoman’splaceisthehome.Wearebeginning,however,toanalyzemen’splaceinthehomeandtoinsistthathedoeshaveaplaceinit.Noristhatplaceirrelevanttothehealthydevelopmentofthechild.

Thefamilyisacooperativeenterpriseforwhichitisdifficulttolaydownrules,becauseeachfamilyneedstoworkoutitsownwaysforsolvingitsownproblems.

Excessiveauthoritarianismhasunhappyconsequences,whetheritwearsskirtsortrousers,andtheidealofequalrightsandequalresponsibilitiesisconnectednotonlywithahealthydemocracy,butalsowithahealthyfamily.

1.Fromthepassageweknowthattheauthorisveryconcernedwiththerolethat____________.

2.Theauthormeanstotellusthat____________.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,ahealthyfamilyshouldbebasedon____________.

4.Whowillbenefitmostfromafamilypatternofsharingintasksanddecisions?

5.Wemaysafelyconcludefromthepassagethat____________.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.parentsplayinbringinguptheirchildren

B.menplayinafamily

C.womenplayinafamily

D.equalityplaysinafamily

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.aman’splaceisinthehome

B.awoman’splaceisinthehome

C.awomanshouldbeequaltoaman

D.amanshouldhaveanequalshareinfamilymatters

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.cooperation

B.momism

C.authoritarianism

D.neo-popism

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Thechildren.

B.Theman.

C.Thewoman.

D.Thepsychologist.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.malesuperioritymaintainsahealthyfamily

B.authorityanddemocracyareveryessentialtoahealthyfamily

C.authoritarianismdoessomegoodtoahealthyfamily

D.womenshouldneverequaltomen

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.態(tài)度觀點(diǎn)題。根據(jù)第三段第一句ItistimetoreassesstheroleofthemanintheAmericanfamily.（是時(shí)候重新評估男人在美國家庭中的角色了），可見在這篇文章中偏重講男性在家庭中的角色，故B選項(xiàng)“男人在家庭中的角色”正確。A選項(xiàng)“父母在撫養(yǎng)孩子的過程中的角色”：文章主題不是怎樣撫養(yǎng)孩子，故錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“女性在家庭中的角色”和D選項(xiàng)“家庭中的平等地位”：相對于女性和男女平等，重新定位男性在家庭中的角色在本文是重點(diǎn)，故錯(cuò)誤。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

2.作者意圖題。根據(jù)第一段第二句Thepatternofsharingintasksandindecisionsmakesforequality（分擔(dān)任務(wù)和決策的模式促進(jìn)了平等）和第三句Insuchahome,thegrowingboyandgirllearntoacceptthatequalitymoreeasily（在這樣的家庭長大的孩子比他們的父母更容易接受平等的觀念），可知作者認(rèn)為在家務(wù)事當(dāng)中，男女應(yīng)該平等，故D選項(xiàng)“男人應(yīng)該在家庭事務(wù)中擁有平等的份額”正確。A選項(xiàng)“男人應(yīng)該待在家里”：文中沒有提到，故錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“女人應(yīng)該待在家里”：根據(jù)第四段第二句Wehavealmostgivenupsayingthatawoman’splaceisthehome.（我們幾乎已經(jīng)放棄了女人應(yīng)該待在家里的說法。），可知作者不認(rèn)為女性應(yīng)該待在家里，故錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“女人應(yīng)該和男人平等”：本文中的平等主要是指在家庭事務(wù)中平等付出，而不是地位平等，故錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

3.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第五段第一句Thefamilyisacooperativeenterprise（家庭是一個(gè)協(xié)作的事業(yè)），可知作者認(rèn)為在家庭中協(xié)作很重要，故A選項(xiàng)“協(xié)作”正確。B選項(xiàng)“媽媽主義”和D選項(xiàng)“新爸爸主義”：根據(jù)第三段第二句Wearegettingalittletiredofmomism—butwedon’twanttoexchangeitforaneo-popism.（我們對媽媽主義有點(diǎn)厭倦了——但我們不想用新爸爸主義來代替），可知作者不贊同媽媽主義和新爸爸主義，故錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“獨(dú)裁主義”：根據(jù)第六段Excessiveauthoritarianismhasunhappyconsequences（過度的獨(dú)裁主義會產(chǎn)生不愉快的后果），可知作者不贊同獨(dú)裁主義，故錯(cuò)誤。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句Insuchahome,thegrowingboyandgirllearntoacceptthatequalitymoreeasilythandidtheirparentsandtopreparemorefullyforparticipationinaworldcharacterizedbycooperationratherthanbythebattleofthesexes.（在這樣的家庭長大的孩子比他們的父母更容易接受平等的觀念，也更容易做好充分準(zhǔn)備去參與合作而非性別斗爭的社會。），第三段最后一句bringingupchildreninvolvesapartnershipofequals（撫養(yǎng)孩子需要一種平等的合作關(guān)系）和第四段最后一句Noristhatplaceirrelevanttothehealthydevelopmentofthechild.（這與孩子的健康發(fā)展也不無關(guān)系），可知作者在不同的地方強(qiáng)調(diào)父母共同承擔(dān)家務(wù)對孩子的好處和必要，而沒有單獨(dú)提到對其他人的直接好處，故A選項(xiàng)“孩子們”正確。B選項(xiàng)“男性”，C選項(xiàng)“女性”和D選項(xiàng)“心理學(xué)家”文章都沒有強(qiáng)調(diào)受到的益處，故錯(cuò)誤。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

5.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第六段Excessiveauthoritarianismhasunhappyconsequences…theidealofequalrightsandequalresponsibilitiesisconnectednotonlywithahealthydemocracy,butalsowithahealthyfamily（過度的獨(dú)裁主義會產(chǎn)生不愉快的后果……平等的權(quán)利責(zé)任的理想不僅與健康的民主息息相關(guān)，而且與健康的家庭息息相關(guān)。），可知權(quán)利責(zé)任和民主對家庭關(guān)系的健康很重要，B選項(xiàng)“職權(quán)和民主對健康的家庭非常重要”正確，C選項(xiàng)“獨(dú)裁主義對健康的家庭有好處”錯(cuò)誤。A選項(xiàng)“男尊女卑能維持家庭健康”和D選項(xiàng)“女人永遠(yuǎn)不應(yīng)該和男人平等”：根據(jù)第一段第一句notionsofmalesuperiorityarehardtomaintain（大男子主義是很難維持），可知男尊女卑不能維持家庭健康，結(jié)合社會普遍把家務(wù)放在女性身上，可知男女應(yīng)該平等，故錯(cuò)誤。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

Theaccident______himofhissightandtheuseofhislegs.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.excluded

B.disabled

C.deprived

D.gripped

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)excluded“把……排斥在外”；B選項(xiàng)disabled“使傷殘；使無效”；C選項(xiàng)deprived“使喪失”；D選項(xiàng)gripped“緊握；強(qiáng)烈影響”。句意：這次事故使他______視力和雙腿的功能。根據(jù)語境，這次事故讓他的眼睛和雙腿功能受損，所以disabled“使傷殘；使無效”符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

Itisaninterestingfact______trytodothesamethingsasnaturedoes,theyusuallyhavetodotheminadifferentway.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thatwhenmen

B.whenthatmen

C.thatmen

D.whenmen

【答案】A

【解析】考查主語從句和狀語從句。句意：一個(gè)有趣的事實(shí)是，當(dāng)人們試圖做自然所做的同樣的事情時(shí)，他們通常不得不以不同的方式去做。It作形式主語，真正的主語是橫線到句尾部分，其中主語從句中包含一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句，that引導(dǎo)主語從句，when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，所以A選項(xiàng)thatwhenmen正確。其余選項(xiàng)語法錯(cuò)誤。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

16.單選題

Amoment’sdrillingbythedentistmaymakeusnervousandupset.Manyofuscannotstandpain.Toavoidthepainofadrillingthatmaylastperhapsaminuteortwo,wedemandtheneedle—ashotofnovocaine—thatdeadensthenervesaroundthetooth.

Nowit’struethatthehumanbodyhasdevelopeditsmillionsofnervestobehighlyawareofwhatgoesonbothinsideandoutsideofit.Thishelpsusadjusttotheworld.Withoutournerves—andourbrain,whichisabundleofnerves-wewouldn’tknowwhat’shappening.Butwepayforoursensitivity.Wecanfeelpainwhentheslightestthingiswrongwithanypartofourbody.Thehistoryoftortureisbasedonthehumanbodybeingopentopain.

Butthereisawaytohandlepain.LookattheIndianfakirwhositsonabedofnails.Fakirscanputaneedlerightthroughanarm,andfeelnopain.Thisabilitythatsomehumanshavedevelopedtohandlepainshouldgiveusideasabouthowthemindcandealwithpain.

Thebigthinginwithstandingpainisourattitudetowardit.Ifthedentistsays,thiswillhurtalittle,ithelpsustoacceptthepain.Bystayingrelaxed,andbytreatingthepainasaninterestingsensation,wecanhandlethepainwithoutfallingapart.Afterall,althoughpainisanunpleasantsensation,itisstillasensation,andsensationsarethestuffoflife.

1.Thepassageismainlyabout____________.

2.Thesentence“Butwepayforoursensitivity”inthesecondparagraphimpliesthat____________.

3.WhentheauthormentionstheIndianfakir,hesuggeststhat____________.

4.Themostimportantthingtohandlepainis____________.

5.Theauthor’sattitudetowardspainis____________.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.howtosufferpain

B.howtoavoidpain

C.howtohandlepain

D.howtostoppain

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.weshouldpayadebtforourfeeling

B.wehavetobehurtwhenwefeelsomething

C.ourpainisworthfeeling

D.whenwefeelpain,wearesufferingit

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Indiansarenotatallafraidofpain

B.peoplemaybesenselessofpain

C.somepeopleareabletohandlepain

D.fakirshavemagictoputneedlesrightthroughtheirarms

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.howwelookatpain

B.tofeelpainasmuchaspossible

C.toshowaninterestinpain

D.toacceptthepainreluctantly

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Pessimistic

B.optimistic

C.radical

D.sarcastic

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段第一句Butthereisawaytohandlepain.（但有種方法可以緩解疼痛），可知下文的內(nèi)容在講如何緩解疼痛，故C選項(xiàng)“如何緩解疼痛”正確，A選項(xiàng)“如何承受疼痛”和D選項(xiàng)“如何停止疼痛”：文章沒有提到，故錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“如何避免疼痛”：文章只是講到通過打針避免疼痛，但這不是主要內(nèi)容，故錯(cuò)誤。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

2.語義推測題。根據(jù)第二段倒數(shù)第二句Wecanfeelpainwhentheslightestthingiswrongwithanypartofourbody.（當(dāng)我們身體的任何部位出了一點(diǎn)問題，我們都能感覺到疼痛。），可知疼痛反映身體部位的情況，故D選項(xiàng)“我們感到疼痛時(shí)，代表我們的身體正在承受疼痛”正確。A選項(xiàng)“我們應(yīng)該為我們的感覺償還債務(wù)”：句意不通，故錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“如果我們有感覺就會受傷”：有感覺和受傷沒有因果關(guān)系，故錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“我們的疼痛值得感受”：文章沒有提到疼痛是否值得，故錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

3.語義推測題。根據(jù)第四段第三句Bystayingrelaxed,andbytreatingthepainasaninterestingsensation,wecanhandlethepainwithoutfallingapart.（保持放松，把疼痛當(dāng)作一種有趣的感覺來對待，我們就能處理疼痛而不會崩潰。），可知個(gè)人對于疼痛的承受力可以改變，苦行僧就是一個(gè)例子，故C選項(xiàng)“有些人能夠承受疼痛”正確。A選項(xiàng)“印度人一點(diǎn)也不怕疼痛”：苦行僧不等同于印度人，故錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“人們可能對痛苦毫無知覺”：上文說到我們的身體出了一點(diǎn)問題，我們都能感覺到疼痛，故錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“苦行僧有把針穿過他們手臂的魔法”：這不是苦行僧的魔法，只是他們對疼痛的耐受力比較高。沒有提到。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

4.語義推測題。根據(jù)第四段第一句Thebigthinginwithstandingpainisourattitudetowardit.（在忍受痛苦的過程中，最重要的是我們對它的態(tài)度。），可知我們?nèi)绾慰创弁词亲钪匾?，故A選項(xiàng)“我們?nèi)绾慰创弁础闭_。B選項(xiàng)“盡可能多地感受疼痛”：文中沒有提到，故錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“對疼痛感興趣”：文中說的是treatingthepainasaninterestingsensation（把疼痛當(dāng)作一種有趣的感覺來對待），而不是對疼痛本身感興趣，故錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“不情愿地接受疼痛”：根據(jù)文章，自愿接受疼痛才是可行的，故錯(cuò)誤。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

5.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句Afterall,althoughpainisanunpleasantsensation,itisstillasensation,andsensationsarethestuffoflife.（畢竟，雖然疼痛是一種不愉快的感覺，但它仍然是一種感覺，而感覺是生命的組成部分。），可知作者對疼痛持正向包容態(tài)度，認(rèn)為疼痛是正常的，并不是多么可怕的壞事，故B選項(xiàng)“樂觀的”正確。A選項(xiàng)“悲觀的”，C選項(xiàng)“激進(jìn)的”和D選項(xiàng)“諷刺的”都不符合題意，故錯(cuò)誤。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

17.單選題

Thepovertylineistheminimumincomethatpeopleneedforanacceptablestandardofliving.Peoplewithincomesbelowthepovertylineareconsideredpoor.Economistsstudythecausesofpovertyinordertofindsolutionstotheproblem.

Asthegeneralstandardoflivinginthecountryrises,thepovertylinedoes,too.Therefore,evenwithtoday’srelativelyhighstandardofliving,about10percentofthepeopleintheUnitedStatesarebelowthepovertyline.However,ifthesepeoplehadstablejobs,theycouldhaveanacceptablestandardofliving.Economistssuggestseveralreasonswhypoorpeopledonothavejobs.

Foronething,morethanhalfofthepoorpeopleintheUnitedStatesarenotqualifiedtowork.Over40percentofthepoorpeoplearechildren.Bylaw,childrenlessthan16yearsoldcannotworkinmanyindustries.Alargenumberofpoorpeopleareold.Manycompaniesdonothirepeopleover65yearsold,thenormalretirementage.

Somepooradultsdonotlookforjobsforavarietyofpersonalreasons:theyaresick,theydonothaveanymotivation,theyhavefamilyproblems,ortheydonotbelievethattheycanfindajob.Otherpoorpeoplelookforajobbutcannotfindone.Manypooradultsneverwenttohighschool.Therefore,whentheylookforjobs,theyhavefewskillsthattheycanoffer.

Atthepresenttime,thegovernmentthinksitcanreducepovertyinthecountryinthefollowingways.

First,ifthe