2022年考研考博-考博英語-暨南大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號31

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-暨南大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Shetookupsomanyhobbies（）whensheretiredthatshehadhardlyanytime.

問題1選項

A.inhand

B.athand

C.onherhands

D.atherhand

【答案】A

【解析】本題考查了同義詞組辨析。inhand“在手中；掌握住”；athand“在手邊；即將到來”；onherhands“（雙手）趴在地上”；atherhand“在她手上”，此處表達(dá)的意思是“掌握多門興趣愛好”，所以要用詞組inhand，故正確答案為選項A。句意為：在她退休在家?guī)缀鯖]有什么時間的時候她居然掌握了多門業(yè)余愛好。

2.單選題

Thediscrepantinthecompanyaccountsisso（）thatnoauditorcouldhavefailedtonoticeit.

問題1選項

A.spontaneous

B.conspicuous

C.notorious

D.superfluous

【答案】B

【解析】考查同形詞詞義辨析。spontaneous“自發(fā)的；無意識的”；conspicuous“顯而易見的”；notorious“臭名昭著的”；superfluous“多余的；奢侈的”，根據(jù)that后面的內(nèi)容“任何一個審計員都能夠發(fā)現(xiàn)”可知此處的discrepant“差異”非常明顯，所以此處應(yīng)該使用conspicuous。句意：這個公司賬目上的不符非?！?，任何一個審計員都能夠發(fā)現(xiàn)。故正確答案為選項B。

3.單選題

The（）ofallkindsofnecessarygoodswascausedbynaturalcalamity.

問題1選項

A.variety

B.scarcity

C.solidarity

D.commodity

【答案】B

【解析】同形詞辨析題。variety“多樣”；scarcity“不足；缺乏”；solidarity“團(tuán)結(jié)”；commodity“商品”；根據(jù)naturalcalamity“自然災(zāi)害”可知此處應(yīng)該說的是各種必需品的“缺乏”，故正確答案為選項B。句意為：各種必需品的缺乏是自然災(zāi)難造成的。

4.不定項選擇題

Afewyearsagoayoungmotherwatchedherhusbanddiaper（給……換尿布）theirfirstbornson,“Youdonothavetobeunhappyaboutit,”sheprotested.“Youcantalktohimandsmilealittle.”Thefather,whohappenedtobeapsychologist,answeredfirmly,“Hehasnothingtosaytome,andIhavenothingtosaytohim.”

Psychologistnowknowhowwrongthatfatherwas.Fromthemomentofbirth,ababyhasagreatdealtosaytohisparents,andtheytohim.Butadecadeorsoago,theseexpertsweredescribingthenewbornasaprimitivecreaturewhoreactedonlybyreflex,ahelplessvictimofitsenvironmentwithoutcapacitytoinfluenceit.Andmothersacceptedthetruth.Mostthought(andsomestilldo)thatanewinfantcouldseeonlyblurry（模糊的）shadows,thathisothersenseswereundeveloped,andthatallherequiredwasnourishment,cleandiapers,andawarmbassinet.

Todayuniversitylaboratoriesacrossthecountryarestudyingnewbornsintheirfirstmonthoflife.Asaresult,psychologistsnowdescribethenewbabyasperceptive,withremarkablelearningabilitiesandanevenmoreremarkablecapacitytoshapehisorherenvironmentincludingtheattitudesandactionsofhisparents.Someresearchersbelievethattheneonatalperiodmayevenbethemostsignificantfourweeksinanentirelifetime.

Farfrombeinghelpless,thenewbornknowswhathelikesandrejectswhathedoesn’t.Heshutoutunpleasantsensationsbyclosinghiseyesoravertinghisface.Heisagluttonfornovelty.Heprefersanimatethingsoverinanimateandlikespeoplemorethananything.

Whenamorenineminutesout,aninfantprefersahumanfacetoahead-shapedoutline.Hemakesthechoicedespitethefactthat,withdeliveryroomattendantsmaskedandgowned,hehasneverseenahumanfacebefore.Bythetimehe’stwelvehoursold,hisentirebodymovesinprecisesynchronic（同時發(fā)生）tothesoundofahumanvoice,asifheweredancing.Anon-humansound,suchasatappingnoise,bringsnosuchresponse.

1.Theauthorpointsoutthatthefatherdiaperinghisfirst-bornsonwaswrongbecause（）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisTRUE?

3.Whatdoesthesentence“Heisagluttonfornovelty”probablymean?

4.Accordingtothepassage,it’sgroundlesstothinkthatnewbornsprefer（）.

5.Whatisthepassagemainlydiscussingabout?

問題1選項

A.hebelievedthebabywasnotabletohearhim

B.hethoughtthebabydidn’thavethepowerofspeech

C.hewasapsychologistunworthyofhisprofession

D.hethoughtthebabywasnotcapableofanyresponse

問題2選項

A.Anewinfantcanseeonlyblurryshadows.

B.Anewinfant’ssensesareundeveloped.

C.Allanewinfantrequiresisnourishment,cleandiapers,andawarmbassinet.

D.Anewinfantisactuallyabletoinfluencehisorherenvironment.

問題3選項

A.Thenewbornisgreedyfornewfood.

B.Thenewborntendstoovereat.

C.Thenewbornalwayslovesthingsthatarenewtohim.

D.Thenewborn’sappetiteisaconstanttopicinnovels.

問題4選項

A.ahumanfacetoahead-shapedoutline

B.animatethingstoinanimateones

C.humanvoicetonon-humansounds

D.nourishmenttoawarmbassinet

問題5選項

A.Whatpeopleknowaboutnewborns.

B.Howwrongparentsarewhentheyhandletheirbabies.

C.Howmuchnewbornshaveprogressedinaboutadecade’stime.

D.Whythefirstmonthoflifeisthemostsignificantfourweeksinalifetime.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。聯(lián)系上下文可知這位父親是個心理學(xué)家，而大約十年前，心理學(xué)家認(rèn)為新生兒只是aprimitivecreaturewhoreactedonlybyreflex,ahelplessvictimofitsenvironmentwithoutcapacitytoinfluenceit（一種僅憑反射做出反應(yīng)的原始生物，是無力影響其生存環(huán)境的無助受害者），而如今他們已經(jīng)認(rèn)識到了這種觀點是錯誤的，結(jié)合這位父親的話“他沒什么對我說的”可知他當(dāng)時也是堅持這種錯誤觀點，因此D選項“他認(rèn)為嬰兒沒有能力做出任何回應(yīng)”符合題意。

第2題:事實細(xì)節(jié)題。由第三段第二句中的psychologistsnowdescribethenewbabyasperceptive,withremarkablelearningabilitiesandanevenmoreremarkablecapacitytoshapehisorherenvironmentincludingtheattitudesandactionsofhisparents（心理學(xué)家現(xiàn)在把新生嬰兒的形象描述為有洞察力，有非凡的學(xué)習(xí)能力，甚至有卓越的塑造其生活環(huán)境的能力，包括他父母的態(tài)度和行為）可知D選項“一個新生嬰兒實際上能夠影響其生活環(huán)境”符合題意。

第3題:語義推測題。由下文Heprefersanimatethingsoverinanimateandlikespeoplemorethananything（他喜歡有生命的東西勝過無生命的東西，喜歡人勝過一切）可推測Heisagluttonfornovelty表達(dá)的并非僅僅與“吃”有關(guān)，而是新生兒對新鮮事物的濃厚興趣，因此C選項“新生兒總是喜歡新鮮的事物”符合題意。

第4題:事實細(xì)節(jié)題。需注意題干中的groundless（無理由的），因此要找出不符合文意的選項。由第四段最后一句Heprefersanimatethingsoverinanimateandlikespeoplemorethananything（他喜歡有生命的東西勝過無生命的東西，喜歡人勝過一切）可排除B選項；由第五段第一句中的aninfantprefersahumanfacetoahead-shapedoutline（嬰兒更喜歡人的臉，而不是頭型的輪廓）可排除A選項；由第五段第三句中的hisentirebodymovesinprecisesynchronictothesoundofahumanvoice,asifheweredancing（他的整個身體精確地隨著人類的聲音同步移動，就好像他在跳舞）和第四句Anon-humansound,suchasatappingnoise,bringsnosuchresponse（而非人類的聲音，比如敲打聲，則不會產(chǎn)生這種反應(yīng)）可推斷出嬰兒更喜歡人類的聲音，因此C選項可以排除，所以D選項為正確答案。

第5題:主旨大意題。本文介紹了過去心理學(xué)家對嬰兒的錯誤認(rèn)識，以及現(xiàn)在的正確認(rèn)識，因此A選項“人們對新生兒的了解”符合題意。

5.單選題

Thetwodelegateshadanin-depthexchangeofviewsonhowtoenhancetheir（）cooperation.

問題1選項

A.ethical

B.bilateral

C.mandatory

D.subsidiary

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。ethical“倫理的，道德的”；bilateral“雙邊的”；mandatory“強(qiáng)制的”；subsidiary“附屬的”，由delegate“代表團(tuán)”與cooperation“合作”一詞可知此處應(yīng)該選擇形容詞bilateral，表示兩國之間的合作。句意：這兩個代表團(tuán)就如何加強(qiáng)……合作進(jìn)行了深入的交流。故正確答案為選項B。

6.單選題

Severalmonthspreviously,theworkershadpetitionedthecompanyfora25percentwageincreaseand（）ofstrictersafetyregulations.

問題1選項

A.implement

B.endowment

C.enforcement

D.engagement

【答案】C

【解析】本題考查了同形詞辨析。implement“實施；工具”；endowment“捐贈；天賦”；enforcement“實施；執(zhí)行”；engagement“約定”，此處應(yīng)該選擇一個名詞，根據(jù)regulation“規(guī)范；管理”，可知此處應(yīng)該填一個表示“實施”的名詞，所以可以排除選項B、D；implement做動詞是“實施”的意思，但是做名詞是“工具”的意思，所以此處應(yīng)該用enforcement，故正確答案為選項C。

7.單選題

ParticipantsintheShanghaiCo-operationForum（）regionalteamworktopromoteinvestmentandeconomicdevelopment.

問題1選項

A.cursed

B.echoed

C.bounced

D.hailed

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。cursed“詛咒”；echoed“重復(fù)；附和；發(fā)出回聲”；bounced“彈；跳；彈起”；hailed“致敬；招呼”，根據(jù)句子的語義邏輯，此處想表達(dá)的是參與者們附和區(qū)域團(tuán)隊合作的響應(yīng)。句意：參加上海合作論壇的代表們呼應(yīng)了促進(jìn)投資和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的區(qū)域合作。故正確答案為選項B。

8.單選題

Onmanyoccasions,wetendtointerprettheactionsofchildren（）ourownexperienceasanadult.

問題1選項

A.forthesakeof

B.onbehalfof

C.intermsof

D.inaccordancewith

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞短語。A選項forthesakeof“為了”；B選項onbehalfof“代表”；C選項intermsof“依據(jù)，在……方面”；D選項inaccordancewith“與……一致”。句意：在很多時候，我們傾向于依據(jù)自己作為一個成年人的經(jīng)驗來解釋孩子的行為。根據(jù)空格前后的句意關(guān)系，只有C選項intermsof“依據(jù)，在……方面”符合句意，其他選項意思不對。因此C選項正確。

9.單選題

NASAiscastingawidernetinthespaceshuttleinvestigationastowhatcausedthespacecrafttoswingoutofcontroland（）momentsbeforeitwastoland.

問題1選項

A.disassemble

B.disembark

C.disintegrate

D.disinherit

【答案】C

【解析】考查同形詞詞義辨析。disassemble“拆開；解開”；disembark“登錄；上岸”；disintegrate“瓦解；破裂”；disinherit“剝奪……的繼承權(quán)”，飛船失去控制的搖擺，然后在快要著陸的瞬間應(yīng)該會發(fā)生比較嚴(yán)重的事件，分析四個選項的意思可知此處只有disintegrate符合句子意思。句意：美國宇航局全方位的展開了對航天飛機(jī)的調(diào)查，關(guān)于是什么導(dǎo)致了飛船失去控制的搖擺，并在最后要著陸的時候……了。故正確答案為選項C。

10.單選題

Imust（）youonyourhandlingofaverydifficultsituation.

問題1選項

A.meditate

B.complement

C.elaborate

D.compliment

【答案】D

【解析】本題考查動詞辨析題。meditate“考慮，計劃”；complement“補(bǔ)足；補(bǔ)充”；elaborate“詳盡闡述”；compliment“稱贊”，根據(jù)“在非常困難情況下做出的處理”這是一件值得表揚(yáng)與稱贊的事，此處使用compliment符合語義邏輯，故正確答案為選項D。句意為：我不得不為你在非常困難情況下做出的處理而稱贊你。

11.單選題

Therehasbeensomuchmedia（）ofthecomingelectionthatpeoplehavegotboredwithit.

問題1選項

A.circulation

B.concern

C.broadcasting

D.coverage

【答案】C

【解析】本題考查了名詞的辨析。circulation“循環(huán)（血液等）；流通（貨幣，消息等）；發(fā)行量（專輯，書等）”；concern“關(guān)心；關(guān)系”；broadcasting“播放；廣播節(jié)目”；coverage“聚集；匯集”，根據(jù)此處的media可知此處應(yīng)該填寫一個與新聞媒體相關(guān)的名詞，四個選項中只有broadcasting最符合，正確答案為選項C。

12.單選題

Ithinkwecan（）withtheusualformalitiessinceweallknoweachotheralready.

問題1選項

A.dispose

B.dispatch

C.dispense

D.discharge

【答案】D

【解析】本題考查了同形詞辨析。dispose“處理；處置”；dispatch“派遣”；dispense“分配”；discharge“免除”，這里要表達(dá)的意思是省去、免除客套的東西，所以應(yīng)該使用動詞discharge，故正確答案為選項D。句意為：既然我們早就已經(jīng)彼此認(rèn)識了，所以我覺得我們可以免去那些客套話。

13.單選題

Whenapersondies,hisdebtsmustbepaidbeforehis（）canbedistributed.

問題1選項

A.paradoxes

B.legacies

C.platitudes

D.analogies

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。paradoxes“悖論；矛盾的事物”；legacies“遺產(chǎn)”；platitudes“平凡；陳詞濫調(diào)”；analogies“類比；類推”，根據(jù)whenapeopledies“在一個人死的時候”和distributed“分發(fā)”，可知此處指的是遺產(chǎn)的分發(fā)。句意：一個人去世的時候，在分……之前他的債務(wù)必須償還清楚。正確答案為選項B。

14.單選題

SomescientistshavesuggestedthatEarthisakindof,zooorwildlife（）forintelligentspacebeings,likethewildernessareaswehavesetuponearthtoallowanimalstodevelopnaturallywhileweobservethem.

問題1選項

A.conservation

B.maintenance

C.storage

D.reserve

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。conservation“保存；保護(hù)”；maintenance“維護(hù)；維修”；storage“存儲；倉庫”；reserve“存儲；自然保護(hù)區(qū)”，根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知此處的名詞與wildlife一起同zoo構(gòu)成并列成分，根據(jù)后句中的allowanimalstodevelopnaturally“允許動物自然生長”，可知此處應(yīng)該選擇名詞reserve,wildlifereserve是“野生動物保護(hù)區(qū)”的意思。句意：一些科學(xué)家表示地球就像宇宙智能生物的動物園或者野生動物……，正如我們在地球上設(shè)立荒野地帶，允許在我們的觀察下讓動物自然生長。故正確答案為選項D。

15.單選題

Hewas（）whenheheardtheunexpectednews,butIfinallyconvincedhim.

問題1選項

A.incredible

B.inevitable

C.incredulous

D.indifferent

【答案】C

【解析】考查同形詞辨析。incredible“難以置信的”；inevitable“不可避免的”；incredulous“懷疑的，不輕信的”；indifferent“冷漠的”，根據(jù)Ifinallyconvincedhim“我最終說服了他”可知此處表達(dá)的意思是他剛開始聽到消息的時候是不相信的，所以此處應(yīng)該使用形容詞incredulous，incredible是形容事物難以使人相信，而不是形容人。句意：當(dāng)他聽到那個意外的消息時是……，但是我最終還是說服了他。故正確答案為選項C。

16.單選題

Whatthefilmcompanyneedsisanactorwhocantakeonanykindsof（）roles.

問題1選項

A.diverse

B.versatile

C.variable

D.changeable

【答案】A

【解析】本題考查了形容詞辨析。diverse“不同的，多種多樣的”；versatile“多才多藝的”；variable“變化的；可變的”；changeable“易變的；可變的”，根據(jù)題意可推知電影公司需要的是能夠扮演不同角色的演員，四個選項中能夠表示“不同的，多樣的”只有diverse，故正確答案為選項A。句意為：這家電影公司需要的是一個能擔(dān)當(dāng)各種不同角色的演員。

17.單選題

Janebuysallthefashionmagazines,andshealwaystriestodressin（）withthelateststyle.

問題1選項

A.confirmation

B.conformity

C.variation

D.proposal

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項confirmation“確認(rèn)，證實”；B選項conformity“遵守，符合，一致”；C選項variation“變化”；D選項proposal“提議，建議，求婚”。句意：簡買了所有的時尚雜志，她總是試圖與最新的風(fēng)格一樣。本句表示，Jane喜歡時尚，總是緊跟時代潮流，那她穿的衣服應(yīng)該是跟最新款式風(fēng)格一致的，inconformitywith“與……一致，符合……”，B選項conformity“遵守，符合，一致”意思正確。因此B選項符合題意。

18.單選題

Thedrugstoreatthecornerofourstreetsellsaspirinsand（）penicillinprescriptions.

問題1選項

A.dispenses

B.disposes

C.disperses

D.dispatches

【答案】A

【解析】考查同形詞義辨析。dispenses“分配；分發(fā)”；disposes“處理；安排”；disperses“分散；使散開”；dispatches“派遣；分派”，此句中and一詞連接了兩個動作，所以此處要填的動詞應(yīng)該與sells是對應(yīng)的，按照常識，藥店除了會賣藥之外，也會分發(fā)一些藥品，所以此處應(yīng)該選擇一個表示“分發(fā)”的動詞。句意：在我們這條街街角處有一個藥店售賣阿司匹林并且……青霉素的處方。因此可知A選項正確。

19.填空題

YourSmartphoneMayBeHurtingYourSleepA)Youloveyoursmartphone,butitmayberuiningyourZZZ’s.Useofthesedevices,especiallynearbedtime,isassociatedwithworsequalityofsleep,accordingtoanewstudy.“Whenwelookedatsmartphoneusearoundthetimewhenparticipantsreportedtheywenttobed,moresmartphoneusearoundthattimeinparticularwasassociatedwithalongertimetofallasleepandworsesleepqualityduringthenight,”saidDr.GregoryMarcus,authorofthestudyandanassociateprofessorofmedicineattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanFrancisco.HisresearchwaspublishedWednesdayinthejournalPLOSOne.

B)Theword“crack-berry”becamepopularroughlyadecadeagotodescribetheaddictivequalityofBlackBerrydevices—arguablythefirstreallysuccessfulsmartphones.Today,almosteveryoneisasmartphonejunkie,standingwithheadbowedwhilewaitingforatrainorinlineatthepostoffice.

C)Knowingthatsmartphoneusehasincreasedtogetherwithsleepdeprivationrates,Marcusandhiscolleaguesdecidedtoinvestigatewhetherthetwomightberelated.Toanswerthisquestion,heusedexitinginformationcollectedbyanInternet-basedstudyhestartedinMarch2016.

D)“HealthE-Heart,”whichwasfundedbytheNationalInstitutesofHealthisdesignedtostudycardiovascularhealth.Anyone18yearsofageoroldercanenrollinHealthE-Heart,co-foundedbyDrs.MarkPletcherandJeffreyOlgin,professorsatUCSF.Aftersigningaconsentform,enrolledparticipantsself-reporttheirhealthdataviaaseriesofonlinequestionnaires.Theinformationisgathered,analyzedandusedtoresearchanddevelopstrategiestopreventandtreatallaspectsofheartdisease.

E)About80,000participantshaveenrolledinHealthE-Heart,Marcussaid.“We’vehadpeoplefromeverystateintheUS,lotsofpeoplefromeverystate,andweactuallyhavepeoplefrom50countries.”Marcusandhisco-foundersalsomakethedataavailabletootherscientistsconductingunrelatedstudies.Forthenewsmartphonestudy,Marcusmadeuseofthiswealthofinformationtoconducthisown“sub-study”.

F)OfthetotalHealthE-Heartenrollees,653peoplechosetoparticipateinandcompletethenewsmartphone-sleepstudy.Participantsinstalledanappontheirphonestoautomaticallyrecordthetotalnumberofminutesineachhourthescreenwasturnedon(totalscreentime)duringa30-dayperiod.TheseparticipantshadalreadyreportedtheirsleephoursandsleepqualityusingavalidatedquestionnaireaspartofthegeneralHealthE-Heartexperience,Marcusexplained.So,whenansweringthesleepassessmentquestions,participantsalsoentereddemographicdataplusinformationabouttheiralcoholuse,physicalactivity,smokinghabitsandotherhealthissues.Byansweringsomanyquestions,participantswereunawareofwhattheresearcherswerestudying,explainedMarcus:“Wewouldn’texpectanybias.”

G)Analyzingthedata,theresearchersdiscoveredthat,onaverage,participantsusedtheirsmartphonesforatotalof38.4hoursovera30-dayperiod.Individualswithalongeraveragescreentimeweremorelikelytohavepoorersleepqualityandlesssleepoverall:About35%ofthosewhousedtheirsmartphonesforshorteramountsoftimethanaveragehadsleepdifficulties,comparedwith42%ofthosewithaverageorgreaterthanaverageuse.Andpoorqualitysleepwasmorelikelyforparticipantswhousedtheirsmartphonesnearbedtime.

H)Theresearchersdiscoveredthatscreen-timevariesthroughouta24-hourperiod,butmostoccursduringtheday.Yetforsomeparticipants,smartphoneusepeakedduringthenight.“Wecan’texcludethepossibilitythatsomepeoplecan’tsleepforsomecompletelyunrelatedreason,andbecausetheycan’tsleep,they’reusingtheirsmartphone,justtopassthetime,”Marcussaid.

I)Despitepotentialshortcomings,Marcusresearchisinlinewithotherstudiesshowingthattheuseoftechnologynearbedtimeisassociatedwithdifficultysleeping,suchasthe2015NationalSleepFoundationpoll.Otherresearchhasshownthatthebluelightemittedbysmartphones(andotherdigitaldevices)mightsuppressourbody’sproductionofmelatonin,ahormonethatinducestirednessandcontributestothetimingofsleep-wakecycles.“Sothere’ssomebiologicalplausibilitysupportingtheideathatthereisacausalrelationship,butweweren’tabletoidentifythat,”Marcusnoted.

J)“Itisbelievedthatsleepisarestorativeprocessandabasicbiologicneed,”saidDr.NeilKline,asleepphysician,internistandrepresentativeoftheAmericanSleepAssociation.“Whenanimals,includinghumans,aredeprivedofsleep,therearemanybodysystemsthatfail.Notonlydoesourperformance,memoryandattentionspansuffer,ourimmunesystemandendocrinesystemisalsoimpaired.”

K)Thoughmostofthesenegativeeffectshavebeenstudiedexclusivelyinadults,children’ssleepisalsoaffectedbytechnology,accordingtoanunrelatedstudy.LeadauthorBenCarter,aseniorlecturerinbiostatisticsatKing’sCollegeLondon,andhiscolleaguesdiscoveredthatforteensandchildren,theuseofcellphones,tabletsandcomputersisassociatedwithlosingsleeptimeandsleepquality.

L)Marcussaidhesuspectsthatsomepeoplemaybeaffectedmorethanothersandoveruseofasmartphoneimpactstheirsleepmorethanitwouldforotherpeople.Hehopestoinvestigatethisquestioninthefuture.Basedonhisresults,hesuggestedthatinsomniacsandothertroubledsleepersshouldavoidlookingattheirscreensforhalfanhourorsobeforegoingtobedtoseewhetherthatmightenhancethequalityoftheirslumber.Headded,“There’salmostcertainlynoharmingivingthatagoodtry.”

11.Ouraddictiontosmartphonesdatesbacktoabouttenyearsago.

_________

12.DatafromHealthE-Heartarecollectedandusedforresearchersintoheartdiseases.

_________

13.ThefindingsofDr.Marcus’sstudyappearedinPLOSOne._________

14.Badsleepersareadvisednottousetheirsmartphoneshalfanhourorsobeforetheygotobed._________

15.Marcusstartedhisresearchbecausehesuspectedtheremightbesomecorrelationbetweensleeplossandsmartphoneuse._________

16.Theuseofdigitaldevicesaffectschildren’ssleeptoo.

_________

17.Tomakesurehisstudywasobjective,Marcusrequiredhissubjectstoprovidemanymoreoftheirlifedetailsthanjustsleephoursandsleepquality.

_________

18.Researchersfoundthosewhospendlongertimeplayingwiththeirsmartphonesaremorelikelytosleepbadly.

_________

19.Marcusconcededthatsomepeopleweresleeplessatnightforreasonsunrelatedtomobilephoneuse.

_________

20.Sleepisourbasicbiologicalneedandlackofitmaycauseourbodyfunctionstodecline._________

【答案】11.B

12.D

13.A

14.L

15.C

16.K

17.F

18.G

19.H

20.J

【解析】11.主旨大意題。題干意思為“我們對智能手機(jī)的上癮可以追溯到大約十年前?！蔽恼碌诙沃饕v了自十年前黑莓手機(jī)被生產(chǎn)出來之后，人們開始對智能手機(jī)上癮，由此可推斷出人們對智能手機(jī)的上癮可追溯到大約十年前。因此段落B正確。

12.主旨大意題。題干意思為“來自健康E-Heart的數(shù)據(jù)被收集并用于研究心臟病?！蔽恼露温銬說到“Theinformationisgathered,analyzedandusedtoresearchanddevelopstrategiestopreventandtreatallaspectsofheartdisease.（這些信息被收集、分析并用于研究和制定預(yù)防和治療心臟病各個方面的策略。）”，其中“這些信息”指來自健康E-Heart的數(shù)據(jù)，因此段落D正確。

13.主旨大意題。題干意思為“馬庫斯博士的研究結(jié)果發(fā)表在《公共科學(xué)圖書館（綜合）》雜志上?！蔽恼露温銩說到“HisresearchwaspublishedWednesdayinthejournalPLOSOne.（他的研究發(fā)表在周三的《公共科學(xué)圖書館（綜合）》雜志上。）”，該句與題干意思匹配，因此段落A正確。

14.主旨大意題。題干意思為“建議睡眠不好的人不要在睡前半小時左右使用智能手機(jī)?！蔽恼露温銵說到“Basedonhisresults,hesuggestedthatinsomniacsandothertroubledsleepersshouldavoidlookingattheirscreensforhalfanhourorsobeforegoingtobedtoseewhetherthatmightenhancethequalityoftheirslumber.（根據(jù)他的研究結(jié)果，他建議失眠癥患者和其他睡眠有問題的人應(yīng)該避免在上床前半小時左右看屏幕，看看這是否能提高他們的睡眠質(zhì)量。）”，該句與題干意思相匹配，因此段落L正確。

15.主旨大意題。題干意思為“馬庫斯開始這項研究是因為他懷疑睡眠不足和使用智能手機(jī)之間可能存在某種關(guān)聯(lián)?！蔽恼露温銫說到“Knowingthatsmartphoneusehasincreasedtogetherwithsleepdeprivationrates,Marcusandhiscolleaguesdecidedtoinvestigatewhetherthetwomightberelated.（了解到智能手機(jī)的使用和睡眠不足的比例一起增加，馬庫斯和他的同事們決定調(diào)查這兩者是否有關(guān)聯(lián)。）”，該句與題干意思相匹配，因此段落C正確。

16.主旨大意題。題干意思為“數(shù)字設(shè)備的使用也會影響兒童的睡眠。”文章段落K說到“Thoughmostofthesenegativeeffectshavebeenstudiedexclusivelyinadults,children’ssleepisalsoaffectedbytechnology,accordingtoanunrelatedstudy.（盡管大多數(shù)這些負(fù)面影響只在成年人身上進(jìn)行了研究，但另一項不相關(guān)的研究表明，兒童的睡眠也受到科技產(chǎn)品的影響。）”，該句與題干意思相匹配，因此段落K正確。

17.主旨大意題。題干意思為“為了確保他的研究是客觀的，馬庫斯要求他的研究對象提供更多的生活細(xì)節(jié)，而不僅僅是睡眠時間和睡眠質(zhì)量?！倍温銯說到“So,whenansweringthesleepassessmentquestions,participantsalsoentereddemographicdataplusinformationabouttheiralcoholuse,physicalactivity,smokinghabitsandotherhealthissues.（因此，在回答睡眠評估問題時，參與者還輸入了人口統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)，以及有關(guān)他們的酒精使用、體育活動、吸煙習(xí)慣和其他健康問題的信息。）”，該句與題干意思相匹配，因此段落F正確。

18.主旨大意題。題干意思為“研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，花更長的時間玩智能手機(jī)的人更有可能睡眠不好?！蔽恼露温銰說到“Andpoorqualitysleepwasmorelikelyforparticipantswhousedtheirsmartphonesnearbedtime.（睡眠質(zhì)量差的人更有可能在睡前使用智能手機(jī)。）”，該句與題干意思相匹配，因此段落G正確。

19.主旨大意題。題干意思為“馬庫斯承認(rèn)，有些人晚上睡不著覺的原因與使用手機(jī)無關(guān)。”文章段落H說到“Wecan’texcludethepossibilitythatsomepeoplecan’tsleepforsomecompletelyunrelatedreason,andbecausetheycan’tsleep,they’reusingtheirsmartphone,justtopassthetime.（我們不能排除一些人因為完全無關(guān)的原因無法入睡的可能性，因為他們無法入睡，所以他們使用智能手機(jī)，只是為了打發(fā)時間。）”，該句與題干意思相匹配，因此段落H正確。

20.主旨大意題。題干意思為“睡眠是我們的基本生理需要，缺乏睡眠可能會導(dǎo)致我們的身體功能下降?！蔽恼露温銳說到“Whenanimals,includinghumans,aredeprivedofsleep,therearemanybodysystemsthatfail.（當(dāng)動物，包括人類，被剝奪睡眠時，許多身體系統(tǒng)會失效。）”，該句與題干意思相匹配，因此段落J正確。

20.單選題

Todothisjobwell,youmustbe（）notonlyinEnglish,butalsoincomputerprogramming.

問題1選項

A.efficient

B.effective

C.proficient

D.beneficial

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項efficient“有效率的”；B選項“有效的，起作用的”；C選項“熟練的，精通的”；D選項“有益的”。句意：為做好這項工作，你不但要在英語上而且在計算機(jī)編程方面都……。綜合句意和語義，此處填proficient“熟練的，精通的”。因此C選項符合題意。

21.單選題

Melissaisacomputer（）thatdestroyedfilesincomputersandfrustratedthousandsofusersaroundtheworld.

問題1選項

A.genius

B.virus

C.disease

D.bacteria

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。genius“天才”；virus“病毒”；disease“疾病”；bacteria“細(xì)菌”，根據(jù)destroyedfilesincomputers“破壞電腦中的文件”，可知此處說的是電腦病毒。句意：米麗莎是一種電腦……，它能夠摧毀電腦中的文件，困擾了成千上萬的全球用戶。故正確答案為選項B。

22.單選題

Theyoungmanlikedthegracefulgirlnexttothedooratthefirstsight;thefeelingis（）,asthegirlsmiledslightlyathim.

問題1選項

A.mutual

B.visible

C.literal

D.inevitable

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項mutual“相互的，彼此的”；B選項visible“明顯的，可見的”；C選項literal“文字的”；D選項inevitable“必然的，不可避免的”。句意：這個年輕人第一眼就喜歡門邊那個優(yōu)雅的姑娘，這種感覺是相互的，因為那女孩對他也微微一笑。根據(jù)空格前后兩句的意思以及常識，可知男孩喜歡女孩，而女孩也微笑回應(yīng)，他們互有好感，A選項mutual“相互的，彼此的”意思對應(yīng)。因此A選項正確。

23.單選題

Weusuallyhaveatenminute（）betweenclasses.

問題1選項

A.pause

B.interference

C.interval

D.distraction

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項pause“暫?！?；B選項interference“干擾，沖突”；C選項interval“間隔，間距”；D選項distraction“注意力分散，消遣”。句意：我們通常有十分鐘的課間休息時間。根據(jù)句意，C選項interval“間隔，間距”可表示課間休息。因此C選項符合題意。

24.單選題

Threeweeksafterthesuicidebombing,thepolicewerestillhuntingforbombersfortheybelievemorewere（）.

問題1選項

A.onthevergeof

B.onthesly

C.onthespot

D.ontheloss

【答案】C

【解析】考查介詞短語辨析。onthevergeof“瀕臨于；接近于”；onthesly“偷偷地”；

onthespot“在場；立刻；處于困境”；ontheloss一般與of連用表示“喪失”，此處填的介詞短語應(yīng)該與爆炸案件有關(guān)，所以此處只能選擇onthespot表示“在場”（這里指的是在案發(fā)現(xiàn)場）。句意：自殺爆炸事件過去三周之后，警察仍然在搜捕爆炸者，因為他們相信……的人可能更多。故正確答案為選項C。

25.單選題

Marriageinhasteusuallyleadsto（）atleisure.

問題1選項

A.resentment

B.reluctance

C.repentance

D.fantasy

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項resentment“憤恨，怨恨”；B選項reluctance“勉強(qiáng)”；C選項repentance“悔改，后悔”；D選項fantasy“幻想”。句意：草率結(jié)婚通常容易導(dǎo)致將來后悔。根據(jù)句意，此處選擇C選項repentance“悔改，后悔”。因此C選項符合題意。

26.單選題

Inthatcountry,apersonwhomarriesbeforelegalagemusthaveaparent’s（）toobtainalicense.

問題1選項

A.sanction

B.warrant

C.magnate

D.affirmation

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。sanction“制裁；認(rèn)可；支持”；warrant“證明；擔(dān)保”；magnate“巨頭；資本家”；affirmation“主張；斷言”，根據(jù)句意可知在未到法定婚齡的時候結(jié)婚需要有父母的擔(dān)保，這符合邏輯。句意：在那個國家，在法定婚齡前結(jié)婚的人必須要在父母的……下才能拿到證。故正確答案為選項B。

27.單選題

Manyadvantagescomewithbeingafirst-bornchild.First-bornstendtomakemoremoneythantheiryoungersiblings;theyaremorelikelytoearnadvanceddegrees,andtheyhaveslightlybetteroddsofbecomingpresidents,primeministers,andNobellaureates.Theyevenhavelongerlifeexpectancythanlater-bornsiblings.

Thereisyetanotheradvantage:First-bornchildrenshowbettersecondlanguageskillsthanlater-bornchildren.Atleastthiswasthefindingofnewresearchinlastmonth’sissueofFrontiersinPsychology.

Thestudy,ledbyDr.KarinKellerofSwitzerland’sUniversityofBasel,examinedthesecondlanguageskillsof1209immigrantchildrenbetweentheagesoftwo-and-a-halfandthreefromSwitzerland’sGerman-speakingregionofBasel.Thestudywasadministeredviamail;parentsfilledoutasurveyaskingthemtoassesstheirchild’sGermanlanguageability.Theyalsoreporteddemographicinformationsuchashowmanyotherchildrenwereinthehousehold,birthorder,numberofbooksinthehousehold,andparentallanguageskills.

Thefindingsofthestudyareasthefollowing.First,childrenwithmoresiblingsexhibitedworsesecondlanguageskillsthanchildrenwithfewersiblings.Thismakessomesense;onemightimaginethatlargerimmigrantfamiliesaremorelikelytopropagatethecommunicationstylesoftheirhomecountry.Furthermore,morechildrenmeanslesstimeforparentstodeveloptheirchildren’ssecondlanguageabilities.

Second,theresearchersfoundthatfirst-bornchildrenexhibitedaminor,butstatisticallysignificant,advantageintheirsecondlanguageabilities.

Whenexplainingthecausesforthelanguageabilitydifferences,theresearcherssuggestthatthedifferenceshavemoretodowithenvironmentalfactors.Theycitea“resourcedilutionmodel”,inwhichfirst-bornchildrenbenefitfromagreaterparentalresourceinvestment.Theresearcherswrite,“Everyadditionalsiblingmeansareductionintheshareofresourcesallocatedtoeachchild,thusreducingthefoundationsoftheirintellectualdevelopment.”

Kellerandherteamofresearchers,however,werequicktoputthisfindingincontext.Theynotethattheeffectisquitesmall;theywereonlyabletofinditbecauseofthestudy’slargesamplesize.Furthermore,exposuretoearlyeducationinstitutionsoffsettheeffectofbirthorderonsecondlanguageacquisition.This,intheresearchers’minds,isthekeytakeawayfromthisstudy.

Kellerandhercolleagueswrite,“Consideringthatfamiliesfromimmigrantbackgroundshavefewerfinancialresources,andthattheseresourcesinfluencethechildren’slevelofdevelopment.Itseemsallthemoreimportantthatimmigrantfamilieswithmanychildrenarefinanciallysupportedsothattheirchildrenareofferedthebestopportunitiespossiblefortheiracademiccareers.Giventheresultsofthisstudy,promotingtheattendanceofearlyeducationinstitutionsisanefficientwayofachievingthisgoal.”

6.Whatdoweknowaboutfirst-bornchildren?

7.WhatdoesthestudyofDr.KarinKellerfind?

8.Whatisoneofthereasonsforlanguageabilitydifferencesbetweenfirst-bornsandlater-borns?

9.Whatistheimportantinformationfromthestudyaccordingtotheresearchers?

10.Whatissuggestedtohelptheimmigrantfamilies?

問題1選項

A.Theyaremorehelpfulwithhousework.

B.Theyhaveashorterlifespan.

C.Theyseemtobestronger.

D.Theytendtobebetteroff.

問題2選項

A.Parentswithmorechildrentendtospendlesstimewiththem.

B.Immigrantfamiliespaylessattentiontotheirchildren’slanguageability.

C.Childrenwithfewersiblingshavebettersecondlanguageskills.

D.Childrenwithmoresiblingshavemorechancetopracticeasecondlanguage.

問題3選項

A.Geneticfactor.

B.Parentingmodel.

C.Resou