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住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-湖南師范大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I(帶答案詳解)(圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題
Hedoesn’t()muchinterestinhisstudieswiththeresultthathefailsinexamstimeandagain.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.indicate
B.exert
C.manifest
D.express
【答案】D
【解析】expressaninterestin...為固定搭配,意為“對(duì)...表現(xiàn)出興趣”。所以選項(xiàng)D正確。
2.單選題
Thefireman()thebabyandcarriedhimoutoftheburninghouse.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.caughtup
B.seizedup
C.snatchedup
D.heldup
【答案】C
【解析】catchup趕上;seizeup中止,失靈;snatchup奪取,抓起;holdup舉起,阻擋。句意:消防隊(duì)員一把抓起孩子,把他從著火的房子里抱了出來。選項(xiàng)C符合語境。
3.單選題
Inthesecondhalfofeachyear,manypowerfulstormsareborninthetropicalAtlanticandCaribbeanseas.Ofthese,onlyaboutahalfadozengeneratethestrong,circlingwindsof75milesperhourormorethatgivethemhurricanestatus,andseveralusuallymaketheirwaytothecoast.Theretheycausemillionsofdollarsofdamage,andbringdeathtolargenumbersofpeople.
Thegreatstormsthathitthecoaststartasinnocentcirclingdisturbanceshundreds—eventhousands—ofmilesouttosea.Astheytravelaimlesslyoverwaterwarmedbythesummersun,theyarecarriedwestwardbythetradewinds.Whenconditionsarejustright,warm,moistairflowsinatthebottomofsuchadisturbance,movesupwardthroughitandcomesoutatthetop.Intheprocess,themoistureinthiswarmairproducesrain,andwithittheheatthatisconvertedtoenergyintheformofstrongwinds.Astheheatincreases,theyounghurricanebeginstoswirlinacounter-clockwisemotion.
Theaveragelifeofahurricaneisonlyaboutninedays,butitcontainsalmostmorepowerthanwecanimagine.Theenergyintheheatreleasedbyahurricane’srainfallinasingledaywouldsatisfytheentireelectricalneedsoftheUnitedStatesformorethansixmonths.Water,notwind,isthemainsourceofdeathanddestructioninahurricane.Atypicalhurricanebrings6to12-inchdownpoursresultinginsuddenfloods.Worstofallisthepowerfulmovementofthesea—themountainsofwatermovingtowardthelow-pressurehurricanecenter.Thewaterlevelrisesasmuchas15feetabovenormalasitmovestowardshore.
1.Whenisastormconsideredtobeahurricane?
2.Theunderlined“innocentcirclingdisturbances”inParagraph2means________.
3.Theunderlined“it”in“movesupwardthroughit”inParagraph2refersto________.
4.Strongwindsareproducedbecauseof________.
5.Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizesthepassage?
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.Whenitisaccompaniedbywind.
B.Whenitisaccompaniedbybothwindandrain.
C.Whenitscirclingwindsmoveat75milesperhourorevenmore.
D.Whenthecirclingwindsbringdamages.
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.innocentpeoplecausingsmalldisturbances
B.innocentpeoplecausingbigdisturbances
C.damagingcirclingwinds
D.harmlesscirclingwinds
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.adisturbance
B.moistair
C.tradewind
D.water
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.theyounghurricane
B.theheatgeneratedalongwithrain
C.adisturbance
D.moistair
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.TheHurricane—itsharmsandbenefits.
B.Theoriginandeffectsofhurricane.
C.Thehurricaneanditsgreatenergy.
D.Thedisasterscausedbyhurricanes.
【答案】第1題:C
第2題:D
第3題:A
第4題:B
第5題:B
【解析】1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。
精確定位
根據(jù)題干定位到第一段第二句Ofthese,onlyaboutahalfadozengeneratethestrong,circlingwindsof75milesperhourormorethatgivethemhurricanestatus(其中只有大約一半形成至少每小時(shí)75英里的強(qiáng)烈旋風(fēng),這創(chuàng)造了它們成了颶風(fēng)的重要條件。),可知C選項(xiàng)“當(dāng)旋風(fēng)以至少每小時(shí)75英里的速度移動(dòng)時(shí)”正確。
排除干擾項(xiàng)
A選項(xiàng)“當(dāng)有風(fēng)時(shí)”:當(dāng)風(fēng)速達(dá)到一定程度才能算颶風(fēng),屬于偷換概念。
B選項(xiàng)“當(dāng)風(fēng)雨交加時(shí)”:是否有雨不是判斷是否為颶風(fēng)的條件,屬于無中生有。
D選項(xiàng)“當(dāng)旋風(fēng)帶來損害時(shí)”:這是颶風(fēng)的影響而非定義,屬于偷換概念。
2.詞匯推斷題。
1.句中前后信息銜接
根據(jù)題干定位到第二段第一句Thegreatstormsthathitthecoaststartasinnocentcirclingdisturbanceshundreds—eventhousands—ofmilesouttosea.(侵襲海岸的大風(fēng)暴最先在海岸幾百甚至幾千英里外做無害的盤旋干擾。)
2.上下文語義銜接
下文提到旋風(fēng)開始在海面游移,當(dāng)暖空氣中的水分變成雨,隨著熱量增加,風(fēng)開始逆時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn)形成颶風(fēng)。
綜上,這里指的是旋風(fēng)在真正轉(zhuǎn)化成颶風(fēng)之前不會(huì)帶來損害,D選項(xiàng)“無害的旋風(fēng)”正確。
排除干擾項(xiàng)
A選項(xiàng)“無惡意之人造成輕微的干擾”和B選項(xiàng)“無惡意之人造成嚴(yán)重的干擾”:這里說的是大自然中的颶風(fēng),跟人沒有關(guān)系,屬于無中生有。
C選項(xiàng)“破壞性的旋風(fēng)”:風(fēng)遠(yuǎn)離海岸時(shí)強(qiáng)度沒有那么大,不會(huì)造成損害,屬于反向干擾。
3.詞匯推斷題。
句中前后信息銜接
根據(jù)題干定位到第二段第三句Whenconditionsarejustright,warm,moistairflowsinatthebottomofsuchadisturbance,movesupwardthroughitandcomesoutatthetop.(如果條件成熟,溫暖潮濕的空氣流入這股風(fēng)暴的底部,在風(fēng)暴內(nèi)向上運(yùn)動(dòng),又從頂部流出。)
這里講的是濕熱空氣的運(yùn)動(dòng)軌跡,主語是air,謂語動(dòng)詞是flows、moves和comes,賓語是disturbance,it指的是前面的disturbance,A選項(xiàng)disturbance“干擾”正確。
排除干擾項(xiàng)
B選項(xiàng)“潮濕的空氣”:濕熱的空氣是主語,是動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者,而不是承受者,屬于曲解原文。
C選項(xiàng)“信風(fēng)”:對(duì)應(yīng)第二段第二句theyarecarriedwestwardbythetradewinds(信風(fēng)把它們吹向西邊),這里指的是風(fēng)暴在海面游移的時(shí)候,信風(fēng)改變風(fēng)向,而不是縱向運(yùn)動(dòng),屬于張冠李戴。
D選項(xiàng)“水”:對(duì)應(yīng)第二段第四句Intheprocess,themoistureinthiswarmairproducesrain(在這過程中,暖空氣中的水分生成雨),這里闡述水分如何變成雨水,沒有講水的運(yùn)動(dòng)軌跡,屬于張冠李戴。
4.推理判斷題。
找句內(nèi)線索
根據(jù)題干定位到第二段倒數(shù)第二句Intheprocess,themoistureinthiswarmairproducesrain,andwithittheheatthatisconvertedtoenergyintheformofstrongwinds.(在這過程中,熱空氣中的水分生成雨,隨著溫度上升,會(huì)以狂風(fēng)的形式轉(zhuǎn)化為能量。)可知熱量促成雨水的生成,也產(chǎn)生狂風(fēng),B選項(xiàng)“帶來雨的熱量”正確。
排除干擾項(xiàng)
A選項(xiàng)“剛產(chǎn)生的颶風(fēng)”:對(duì)應(yīng)到第二段最后一句Astheheatincreases,theyounghurricanebeginstoswirlinacounter-clockwisemotion.(隨著熱量的增加,剛產(chǎn)生的颶風(fēng)開始以逆時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn)。),這里所指的颶風(fēng)就是狂風(fēng)的升級(jí)版,屬于偷換概念。
C選項(xiàng)“干擾”:這里的干擾指的是狂風(fēng)的雛形階段,是狂風(fēng)本身,屬于偷換概念。
D選項(xiàng)“濕氣”:濕氣變成雨水,濕氣本身不能形成狂風(fēng),屬于張冠李戴。
5.主旨大意題。
1.首尾段核心句
首段第一句提出現(xiàn)象吸引讀者:Inthesecondhalfofeachyear,manypowerfulstormsareborninthetropicalAtlanticandCaribbeanseas.(每年下半年,在熱帶的大西洋和加勒比海經(jīng)常有大風(fēng)暴。);第二句講述颶風(fēng)的產(chǎn)生情況:Ofthese,onlyaboutahalfadozengeneratethestrong,circlingwindsof75milesperhourormorethatgivethemhurricanestatus,andseveralusuallymaketheirwaytothecoast.(其中只有大約一半形成至少每小時(shí)75英里的強(qiáng)烈旋風(fēng),這創(chuàng)造了它們成了颶風(fēng)的重要條件,其中有幾個(gè)通常會(huì)到達(dá)海岸。);第三句講述颶風(fēng)的影響:Theretheycausemillionsofdollarsofdamage,andbringdeathtolargenumbersofpeople.(它們?cè)斐珊0渡蠑?shù)百萬美元的損失和大量死亡。)。尾段第一句butitcontainsalmostmorepowerthanwecanimagine(但它的力量超出我們的想象)講的是颶風(fēng)的影響。由此推斷全文的主旨應(yīng)是“颶風(fēng)的起源和影響”,因此B選項(xiàng)正確。
2.分析文章的行文結(jié)構(gòu)
本文的結(jié)構(gòu)是總分,第一段概括全文,第二、三段分別講述颶風(fēng)的形成和影響,因此B選項(xiàng)正確。
3.梳理各段核心句
第一段:引出颶風(fēng)的話題,簡(jiǎn)單介紹颶風(fēng)的產(chǎn)生和影響。
第二段:第一句Thegreatstormsthathitthecoaststartasinnocentcirclingdisturbanceshundreds—eventhousands—ofmilesouttosea.(侵襲海岸的大風(fēng)暴最先在海岸幾百甚至幾千英里外做無害的盤旋干擾。)引出這段的主要內(nèi)容,講述颶風(fēng)的形成過程。
第三段:第一句butitcontainsalmostmorepowerthanwecanimagine(但它的力量超出我們的想象)是段總述句,這一段講述颶風(fēng)有什么力量。
綜上,全文主旨是“颶風(fēng)的起源和影響”,因此B選項(xiàng)正確。
排除干擾項(xiàng)
A選項(xiàng)“颶風(fēng)——其危害和好處”:關(guān)鍵詞harmsandbenefits分別對(duì)應(yīng)第三段第二句satisfytheentireelectricalneedsoftheUnitedStatesformorethansixmonths和第三段第三句mainsourceofdeathanddestructioninahurricane,這都是第三段的內(nèi)容,不足以概括全文,屬于以偏概全。
C選項(xiàng)“颶風(fēng)及其巨大能量”:關(guān)鍵詞greatenergy對(duì)應(yīng)第三段第一句itcontainsalmostmorepowerthanwecanimagine,這里的power指的是好處和危害,只出現(xiàn)在第三段,屬于以偏概全。
D選項(xiàng)“颶風(fēng)的危害”:disasters對(duì)應(yīng)第三段第三句mainsourceofdeathanddestructioninahurricane,也屬于以偏概全。
4.單選題
Militaryordersare()andcannotbedisobeyed.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.detective
B.conservative
C.alternative
D.imperative
【答案】D
【解析】detective偵探的;conservative保守的;alternative可選擇的;imperative命令的,勢(shì)在必行的。根據(jù)句意可知,這里指軍事命令是必須執(zhí)行的,不得不遵守。選項(xiàng)D符合語境。
5.翻譯題
1.Iftheyoungengineerdidn’thaveallthesequalities,hecouldneverhavedonewhathehasdoneorhavethechanceofsucceedinginwhatheistryingtodo.
2.Cloningdoesn’tnecessarilymakecellsgrowold,andcanevenactasafountainofyouth,sayresearcherswhohavebeeninvestigatingagroupofclonedcalves.
3.Weoftenreachanimpasseinourthinking,atthatmomentwearelookingataproblem,andtryingtosolveitanditseemsthereisadeadend.
4.Thecurriculumofthehighschoolissimilartoconventionalschoolthatprovidepreparationforcollege,completewithEnglish,history,mathandscience,besides,allstudentsarerequiredtotakeperformingartsandsportsandprovideacommunityservice.
5.InthePhilippines,womenwerefoundtocontributeaboutathirdofhouseholds’cashincome,but55percentofhouseholdsupportiftheeconomicvalueoftheiractivitiesathome,suchasgrowingfood,orgatheringhaytofeedthefamilydonkey,isincluded.
【答案】1.如果這位年輕的工程師沒有所有這些品質(zhì),他就不可能完成他所做的事情,也不可能有機(jī)會(huì)在他所嘗試的事情上取得成功。
2.一直在研究一組克隆小牛的研究人員說,克隆不一定會(huì)使細(xì)胞衰老,甚至還能起到不老泉的作用。
3.我們經(jīng)常在思維過程中陷入僵局,當(dāng)我們看到問題并試圖解決時(shí),似乎就會(huì)有一個(gè)死胡同。
4.這所高中的課程與傳統(tǒng)學(xué)校的課程類似,都為升入大學(xué)做準(zhǔn)備,包括英語、歷史、數(shù)學(xué)和科學(xué)。但所有的學(xué)生都必須選修表演藝術(shù)和體育,還要提供社區(qū)服務(wù)。
5.研究發(fā)現(xiàn),在菲律賓,婦女貢獻(xiàn)了家庭現(xiàn)金收入的三分之一,但如果算上家務(wù)的經(jīng)濟(jì)價(jià)值,比如種植糧食或收集干草飼養(yǎng)家中的驢子,則為家庭貢獻(xiàn)了55%。
6.單選題
Competentresearcherscitethemostauthoritativesource,butwhatcountsasauthoritativeagainvariesbyfield.Notetheauthoritieswhomresearchersinyourfieldcitemostoften,whatprocedurestheytrust,whatrecordstheyregularlycite.Ifyouaredealingwithprimarysources(originaltextsofbooks,plays,diaries,andsoon),besurethatyoureditionisrecentandpublishedbyareputablepress.Thereareon-lineelectroniceditionsofShakespearesosloppilyeditedthatusingthemwouldlabelyouasincompetent.
Whenstudentsareunfamiliarwithorcan’tfindauthoritativesecondarysourcesscholarlyjournalsandbooks——theyoftenresorttotertiarysources:textbooks,articlesinencyclopedias,mass-circulationpublications.Ifthesearetheonlysourcesavailable,sobeit,butneverassumethattheyareauthoritative.Beespeciallycautiousaboutbooksoncomplexissuesintendedformassaudiences.Authorswhowritefortheordinaryreaderaboutbrainsorblackholesareusuallycompetent,sometimesdistinguishedresearchers.Buttheymustalwayssimplify,sometimesoversimplify,andarealwaysoutofdate.Soifyoustartyourresearchwithapopularbook,lookatthedatesofthejournalscitedinitsbibliography.
Authorityalsodependsonbeingcurrent,butagain,differentfieldsjudgecurrencyindifferentways.Inthesciences,out-of-datamightbeamonthago.Inthehumanities,ascholarmightjudgeasreliableabookmorethanacenturyold.Thebestwaytojudgecurrencyistoskimdatesinbibliographiesofrecentjournalarticles.Whatseemstobethecutoffdate?Assumethatmosttextbooksandreferencebooksareout-of-date.
1.Theauthor’spurposeofwritingthispassageistotellstudents().
2.Theauthorswouldprobablyagreewithwhichofthefollowingstatements?
3.Accordingtotheauthors,whatareauthoritativesources?
4.Whichofthefollowingbestparaphrasesthesentence“whatcountsasauthoritativeagainvariesbyfield”?
5.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.howtociteauthoritativesources
B.howtobecompetentresearchers
C.howtojudgeauthoritativesources
D.howtoreadauthoritativejournals
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.Competentresearchersmaynotrefertoon-lineelectroniceditions.
B.Scientificbooksmightberegardedasout-of-dateiftheywerecitedamonthago.
C.Studentsshouldnotresorttotertiarysourceseveniftheyareunfamiliarwithorcan’tfindauthoritativesecondarysources.
D.Originaltextsofbooks,plays,anddiariesarenotauthoritativebooks.
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.On-lineelectroniceditions.
B.Theeditionthatisrecentandpublishedbyareputablepress.
C.Areliablebookmorethanacenturyago.
D.Booksoncomplexissuesintendedformassaudiences.
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.Authoritativesourcesareconsideredimportantinsomefields.
B.Thenumberofauthoritativesourcesvariesindifferentfields.
C.Theimportanceofauthoritativesourcesisdifferentinresearchfields.
D.Authoritativesourcesarejudgeddifferentlyindifferentfields.
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.Out-of-datesourcesarenotcountedasauthoritative.
B.Studentsshouldnotusepopularbooks.
C.Primarysourcesarethebestauthoritativesources.
D.Secondarysourcesarehardtofind
【答案】第1題:C
第2題:B
第3題:B
第4題:D
第5題:A
【解析】1.主旨大意題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知,本文主要講的是如何判斷資源的權(quán)威性,選項(xiàng)C更符合原文。
2.推理判斷題。選項(xiàng)A明顯錯(cuò)誤;根據(jù)第二段第一句可知,選項(xiàng)C表述錯(cuò)誤;根據(jù)第一段第三句可知,選項(xiàng)D表述錯(cuò)誤;根據(jù)最后一段第一句“Authorityalsodependsonbeingcurrent”可推斷,作者認(rèn)為權(quán)威是有時(shí)效性的。所以選項(xiàng)B。
3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段第三句“Ifyouaredealingwithprimarysources(originaltextsofbooks,plays,diaries,andsoon),besurethatyoureditionisrecentandpublishedbyareputablepress.”選項(xiàng)B與原文表述一致。
4.推理判斷題。句意指“什么才算權(quán)威又因領(lǐng)域而異”,再根據(jù)原文內(nèi)容可知,作者指的是“不同領(lǐng)域?qū)?quán)威來源的判斷是不同的?!边x項(xiàng)D符合原文。
5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容可知,作者強(qiáng)調(diào)權(quán)威資料具有時(shí)效性,說明過時(shí)的資料不具備權(quán)威性。選項(xiàng)A正確。
7.單選題
I’vebeenwritingformostofmylife.ThebookWritingWithoutTeachersintroducedmetoonedistinctionandonepracticethathashelpedmywritingprocessestremendously.Thedistinctionisbetweenthecreativemindandthecriticalmind.Whileyouneedtoemploybothtogettoafinishedresult,theycannotworkinparallelnomatterhowmuchwemightliketothinkso.
Tryingtocriticizewritingontheflyispossiblythesinglegreatestbarriertowritingthatmostofusencounter—Ifyouarelisteningtothat5thgradeEnglishteachercorrectyourgrammarwhileyouaretryingtocaptureafleeting(稍縱即逝的)thought,thethoughtwilldie.Ifyoucapturethefleetingthoughtandsimplyshareitwiththeworldinrawform,nooneislikelytounderstand.Youmustlearntocreatefirstandthencriticizeifyouwanttomakewritingthetoolforthinkingthatitis.
ThepracticethatcanhelpyoupastyourlearnedbadhabitsoftryingtoeditasyouwriteiswhatElbowcalls“freewriting”.Infreewriting,theobjectiveistogetwordsdownonpapernon-stop,usuallyfor15-20minutes.Nostopping,nogoingback,nocriticizing.Thegoalistogetthewordsflowing.Asthewordsbegintoflow,theideaswillcomeoutfromtheshadowsandletthemselvesbecapturedonyournotepadoryourscreen.
Nowyouhaverawmaterialsthatyoucanbegintoworkwithusingthecriticalmindthatyou’vepersuadedtositonthesideandwatchquietly.Mostlikely,youwillbelievethatthiswilltakemoretimethanyouactuallyhaveandyouwillendupstaringblanklyatthepageasthedeadlinedrawsnear.
Insteadofstaringatablankscreenstartfillingitwithwordsnomatterhowbad.Halfwaythroughyouravailabletime,stopandreworkyourrawwritingintosomethingclosertofinishedproduct.Movebackandforthuntilyourunoutoftimeandthefinalresultwillmostlikelybefarbetterthanyourcurrentpractices.
1.Whentheauthorsaysthecreativemindandthecriticalmind“cannotworkinparallel”(Line4Para.1)inthewritingprocess,hemeans().
2.Whatpreventspeoplefromwritingonis().
3.Whatisthechiefobjectiveofthefirststagewriting?
4.Onecommonconcernofwritersabout“freewriting”isthat().
5.Inwhatwaydoesthecriticalmindhelpthewriterinthewritingprocess?
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.noonecanbebothcreativeandcritical
B.theycannotberegardedasequallyimportant
C.theyareinconstantconflictwitheachother
D.onecannotusethematthesametime
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.puttingtheirideasinrawform
B.attemptingtoeditastheywrite
C.ignoringgrammaticalsoundness
D.tryingtocapturefleetingthoughts
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.Toorganizeone’sthoughtslogically
B.Tochooseanappropriatetopic
C.Togetone’sideasdown.
D.Tocollectrawmaterials
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.itoverstressestheroleofthecreativemind
B.ittakestoomuchtimetoeditafterwards
C.itmaybringabouttoomuchcriticism
D.itdoesnothelpthemtothinkclearly
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.Itrefineshiswritingintobettershape
B.Ithelpshimtocomeupwithnewideas.
C.Itsavesthewritingtimeavailabletohim
D.Itallowshimtositonthesideandobserve
【答案】第1題:D
第2題:B
第3題:C
第4題:B
第5題:A
【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“Youmustlearntocreatefirstandthencriticizeifyouwanttomakewritingthetoolforthinkingthatitis.”如果你想讓寫作成為思考的工具,你必須先學(xué)會(huì)創(chuàng)作,然后再修改。所以作者說二者不能并行的意思是不能同時(shí)使用,選項(xiàng)D正確。
2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“Tryingtocriticizewritingontheflyispossiblythesinglegreatestbarriertowritingthatmostofusencounter”在飛快的寫作過程中修改可能是我們大多數(shù)人遇到的最大障礙。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。
3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“Asthewordsbegintoflow,theideaswillcomeoutfromtheshadowsandletthemselvesbecapturedonyournotepadoryourscreen.”當(dāng)文字開始流暢起來時(shí),想法也會(huì)從陰影中浮現(xiàn)出來,并呈現(xiàn)于記事本或屏幕上。由此可知,第一步寫作的主要目的是將想法記錄下來,選項(xiàng)C符合原文。
4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句“Mostlikely,youwillbelievethatthiswilltakemoretimethanyouactuallyhaveandyouwillendupstaringblanklyatthepageasthedeadlinedrawsnear.”很有可能,你會(huì)認(rèn)為這比你實(shí)際擁有的時(shí)間要長(zhǎng),而且隨著最后期限的臨近,你最終會(huì)茫然地盯著這一頁。由此可推斷,對(duì)自由寫作的擔(dān)憂是寫作的人對(duì)自由寫作的擔(dān)憂是之后的編輯時(shí)間太長(zhǎng),選項(xiàng)B符合原文。
5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段的內(nèi)容,不要盯著空白的屏幕,用文字來填滿它,無論這些文字多么糟糕。在你可用的時(shí)間的一半,停下來,把你之前的寫作重寫成更接近成品的東西。反復(fù)修改,直到時(shí)間耗盡,最終的結(jié)果很可能比之前的練習(xí)要好得多。由此可知,批判性思維能夠幫助寫作更加完善。選項(xiàng)A正確。
8.單選題
Evensensiblemendo()thingssometimes.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.abrupt
B.absurd
C.acute
D.apt
【答案】B
【解析】abrupt生硬的,唐突的;absurd荒謬的,可笑的;acute嚴(yán)重的,激烈的;apt恰當(dāng)?shù)模`敏的。句意:即使明智的人有時(shí)也會(huì)做荒唐的事。選項(xiàng)B符合語境。
9.單選題
YouandIagreetomeetatfour-thirty,Ishowupat4:33.Idon’tsayanything,becausethat’scloseenoughtosatisfyoursocialcontract.Onlyafterfiveminutesdoyouexpectmetosay,“Sorry,I’mlate.”AttenminutesIoweyouanexplanation,“Thefreewayexitwasclosed.Ihadtogofourmilesoutofmyway.”AftertwentyminutesIhavetomakeafullandseriousapology.AfterfortyminutesI’dbetternotshowupatall.
Thatsortofthing—formallyobservedandneverexplicitlystated—drivespeoplefromotherculturescrazy.Anthropologistslistthetoughestthingstocopewithinaforeignland.Secondonlytolanguageisthewaywedealwithtime.
Nowpsychologistslookatourviewoftimeanotherway.Theygointoseveralcountriesandmeasurethepaceoflife.Theymeasuretheaccuracyofbankclocksandhowfastcitydwellerswalk.Theytimetransactionsinbanksandpostoffices.Theyseehowlongpeoplelaketoanswerquestions.
Japanesekeepthefastestpace.Americansareaclosesecond.ItaliansandIndonesiansareatthebottomofthelist.Italiansgivelonganswerstoyourquestions.Indonesiansdon’tgiveafigaboutstingtheirbankclocks.AmongAmericancities,BostonandKansasCityarefastest.NewYorkisupthere,ofcourse,butwekeepafasterpacehereinHouston.California’s“l(fā)aidback”reputationisdeserved.TheslowestpaceofalliskeptinLosAngeles.
Finally,welookatheartdisease.That’stricky,becauseotherfactorsareinvolved.Ourheart’sgreatestenemyistobacco.Butheartdiseasealsocorrelateswiththepacewekeep.Smokerswhodrivethemselvesarereallyaskingforit.
Nowit’s4:55.I’mstrolling,unhurriedtowardour4:30meeting.I’mthinkingsomethingaboutIsaacWatts,theEnglishpoet,wrote:
Time,whatanemptyvapouritis;
Anddayshowswifttheyare!
SwiftasanIndianarrowflies,
Orlikeashootingstar.
Thattensionsoaksthroughourviewoftime.Canweseetimeasanemptyvapor?Ordoourtechnologiesdefinetimeandbindustoin?Inatechnology-denseworld,wetoooftenlettimeturnintoanIndianarrow—oneaimedatourheart.
Sotheclockticks,andweask:Istimeanarrowwemustdodgeorvaporwecanignore?Ifwe’resmart,welivebytheclockonlywhenwehaveto.Otherwise,wesitbackandplay.Weknowhowtolettinebeonlyvapor,afterall.
1.InAmericayouhavetoapologizesincerelyifyouare________.
2.Weknowfromthepassagethat________.
3.IntheUnitedStates,thepaceoflifeisquiterelaxedin________.
4.Whichsentencecorrectlyrestates“Smokerswhodrivethemselvesarereallyrallyaskingforit”?
5.Whattheauthorwantstotellusisthat________.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.5minuteslate
B.20minuteslate
C.40minuteslate
D.10minuteslate
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.Indonesiansdonotmeasuretheaccuracyofbankclocks
B.Japanesekeepafairlyfastpace
C.thepaceoflifeinAmericaisthefastest
D.Italianslaketheirtimeindoingthings
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.California
B.Houston
C.LosAngeles
D.NewYork
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.Smokersshouldnotdrivecarsbecausetheygetintoaccidentseasily.
B.Smokerswhohaveheartdiseaseshouldnotdrivethemselves.
C.Smokerswhoworktoohardwillsoonfindthemselvesdownwithhearttrouble.
D.Smokerswhodrivetheirowncarsarereallyaskingfortrouble.
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.peoplewithhearttroubleshouldnotsmoke
B.timeisdangerousinthatitislikeanarrowaimedatourhearts
C.livingbytheclockinourtechnology-denseworldcouldbefatal
D.weshouldavoidhavingeverymomentofourliferuledbytheclock
【答案】第1題:B
第2題:B
第3題:C
第4題:B
第5題:D
【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第一段AftertwentyminutesIhavetomakeafullandseriousapology.AfterfortyminutesI’dbetternotshowupatall.(在遲到20分鐘后,我必須真誠(chéng)道歉。在遲到40分鐘后,我最好不露面。),所以B選項(xiàng)“遲到20分鐘”正確。A選項(xiàng)“遲到5分鐘”對(duì)應(yīng)文章第一段,此處提到在遲到五分鐘后,我應(yīng)該說“對(duì)不起,我來遲了”,與題干不符,屬于出處錯(cuò)位;C選項(xiàng)“遲到40分鐘”對(duì)應(yīng)第二段“遲到40分鐘后,我最好不露面”,與題干意思不符,屬于出處錯(cuò)位;D選項(xiàng)“遲到10分鐘”對(duì)應(yīng)第二段“在遲到10分鐘后,我欠你一個(gè)解釋”,與題干意思不符,屬于出處錯(cuò)位。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。
2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第四段Japanesekeepthefastestpace.Americansareaclosesecond.ItaliansandIndonesiansareatthebottomofthelist.Italiansgivelonganswerstoyourquestions.Indonesiansdon’tgiveafigaboutsettingtheirbankclocks.(日本人回答問題的速度最快。美國(guó)人緊隨其后。意大利人和印尼人排在最后。意大利人對(duì)你的問題回答很長(zhǎng)。印尼人對(duì)設(shè)置銀行時(shí)鐘毫不在意。),由日本人回答問題的速度可推斷出日本人的生活節(jié)奏很快,所以B選項(xiàng)“日本人的節(jié)奏相當(dāng)快”正確。A選項(xiàng)“印度尼西亞人不會(huì)測(cè)量銀行時(shí)鐘的準(zhǔn)確性”說法錯(cuò)誤,此處只提到印度尼西亞人對(duì)銀行設(shè)置的時(shí)鐘不理會(huì),并沒有提到時(shí)鐘的準(zhǔn)確性測(cè)量,屬于曲解原文;C選項(xiàng)“美國(guó)的生活節(jié)奏是最快的”說法錯(cuò)誤,此處說到日本的生活節(jié)奏最快,美國(guó)第二,屬于反向干擾;D選項(xiàng)“意大利人做事很費(fèi)時(shí)”說法錯(cuò)誤,此處只提到意大利人在銀行回答問題的答案很長(zhǎng),并不意味著他們做所有的事情都費(fèi)時(shí),屬于曲解原文。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。
3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第四段AmongAmericancities,BostonandKansasCityarefastest.NewYorkisupthere,ofcourse,butwekeepafasterpacehereinHouston.California’s“l(fā)aid-back”reputationisdeserved.TheslowestpaceofalliskeptinLosAngeles.(在美國(guó)城市中,波士頓和堪薩斯城的生活節(jié)奏是最快的。當(dāng)然,紐約在這方面一直領(lǐng)先,但休斯敦的節(jié)奏比紐約更快。加利福利亞“悠閑”的名聲當(dāng)之無愧。最慢的是洛杉磯。),由此可知洛杉磯是美國(guó)生活節(jié)奏最輕松的,所以C選項(xiàng)“洛杉磯”正確。A選項(xiàng)“加利福利亞”,雖然此處提到了加利福利亞的生活很輕松,但不是最輕松的,故不選,屬于出處錯(cuò)位;B選項(xiàng)“休斯頓”,此處說到紐約的生活節(jié)奏一直很快,休斯頓比紐約更快一點(diǎn),而題干中問的是生活最輕松的地方,故B選項(xiàng)和D選項(xiàng)“紐約”都不選,屬于反向干擾。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。
4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第五段Finally,welookatheartdisease.That’stricky,becauseotherfactorsareinvolved.Ourheart’sgreatestenemyistobacco.Butheartdiseasealsocorrelateswiththepacewekeep.Smokerswhodrivethemselvesarereallyaskingforit.(最后,我們來看看心臟病。這很棘手,因?yàn)檫€涉及到其他因素。我們心中最大的敵人是煙草。但心臟病也與我們保持的節(jié)奏有關(guān)。自己開車的吸煙者真的是自找麻煩),由此可推斷出患有心臟病的吸煙者不應(yīng)該自己開車,所以B選項(xiàng)“患有心臟病的吸煙者不應(yīng)該自己開車”正確。A選項(xiàng)“吸煙者不應(yīng)該開車,因?yàn)樗麄兒苋菀壮鍪鹿省焙虳選項(xiàng)“自己開車的煙民真是自找麻煩”此處都有提到,但是吸煙者開車并不會(huì)有什么危險(xiǎn),除非他患有心臟病,A、D選項(xiàng)都沒有體現(xiàn)這一點(diǎn),屬于曲解原文;C選項(xiàng)“努力工作的吸煙者很快就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)自己患有心臟病”文章并沒有明確提到,屬于無中生有。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。
5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章最后兩段尤其最后一段的第二句Ifwe’resmart,welivebytheclockonlywhenwehaveto.(如果我們夠聰明,我們只會(huì)在必要的時(shí)候按時(shí)間行事。),結(jié)合文章可知作者把時(shí)間比喻成蒸汽和指向我們心臟的利箭,但其實(shí)患心臟病也與生活節(jié)奏有關(guān),所以可以推斷作者認(rèn)為生活節(jié)奏快對(duì)身體健康是不利的,我們的生活不應(yīng)該完全受時(shí)間掌控,所以D選項(xiàng)“我們應(yīng)該避免讓時(shí)鐘主宰我們生活的每一刻”正確。A選項(xiàng)“患有心臟病的人不應(yīng)該吸煙”對(duì)應(yīng)文章五段,文章只在該段提到了吸煙對(duì)心臟病有消極作用,但作者還提到了生活節(jié)奏太快也會(huì)導(dǎo)致心臟病發(fā)作,且全文都與生活節(jié)奏相關(guān),所以A選項(xiàng)不足以概括作者的意圖,屬于以偏概全;B選項(xiàng)“時(shí)間是危險(xiǎn)的,因?yàn)樗拖褚恢е赶蛭覀冃撵`的箭”對(duì)應(yīng)文章倒數(shù)第二段,此處提到我們的技術(shù)定義了我們對(duì)時(shí)間的看法,它可以是一把利箭,我們也可以把它當(dāng)蒸汽,這都取決于人們自己的選擇,屬于以偏概全;C選項(xiàng)“在我們這個(gè)技術(shù)密集的世界里,按時(shí)鐘生活可能是致命的”對(duì)應(yīng)倒數(shù)第二段的最后一句,雖然該選項(xiàng)說法無誤,但是不足以概括作者的意圖,屬于以偏概全。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。
10.單選題
InBritontherobinisasmallbird,butits()inAmericaismuchlarge.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.species
B.counterpart
C.analogy
D.category
【答案】A
【解析】句意:在英國(guó)知更鳥是一種小鳥,但在美國(guó)它的物種要大得多。species物種,種類;counterpart相似物;analogy類比,類似;category種類,分類。選項(xiàng)A形容生物種類,所以選項(xiàng)A正確。
11.單選題
AssoonasHenryfoundthegemtobe(),hewentbacktotheshopandhadhismoneyback.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.scattered
B.synthetic
C.identical
D.conspicuous
【答案】B
【解析】scattered分散的,散亂的;synthetic人造的,合成的;identical同一的;conspicuous顯著的。句意:Henry一發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)鉆石是人造的,他立馬返回商店退款。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。
12.單選題
InNorthAmerica,thefirstcanoeswereconstructedfromlogsand()bymeansofwoodenpaddles.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.docked
B.propelled
C.choked
D.perceived
【答案】B
【解析】dock使靠碼頭;propel推進(jìn),驅(qū)使;choke阻塞,抑制;perceive覺察,感知。句意:在北美,最早的獨(dú)木舟是用原木建造的,并由木槳推動(dòng)前行。選項(xiàng)B符合語境。
13.單選題
Someeducatorstrytoputstudentsofsimilarabilitiesintothesameclassbecausetheybelievethiskindof()groupingisadvisable.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.homogeneous
B.instantaneous
C.spontaneous
D.anonymous
【答案】A
【解析】homogeneous同質(zhì)的;instantaneous瞬間的;spontaneous自發(fā)的;anonymous匿名的。句意:一些教育工作者試圖把能力相似的學(xué)生放在同一個(gè)班級(jí),因?yàn)樗麄冋J(rèn)為這種同質(zhì)分組是可取的。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。
14.單選題
Inhisfifties,Dr.Brownbecamedirectorofthechemicalcompany,apositionhe()fortherestofhislife.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.attained
B.cherished
C.expanded
D.retained
【答案】D
【解析】attain達(dá)到,實(shí)現(xiàn);cherish珍愛;expand擴(kuò)大;retain保持。句意:50歲時(shí),Brown博士成為這家化學(xué)公司的董事,他在這個(gè)職位上呆了一輩子。只有選項(xiàng)D符合語境。
15.單選題
ThemoistairofthePacificOceanbringsa()climatetothewestcoastoftheUnitedStates.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.chilly
B.temperate
C.modest
D.compromising
【答案】B
【解析】句意:太平洋潮濕的空氣給美國(guó)西海岸帶來了溫和的氣候。氣候溫和用temperateclimate,所以選項(xiàng)B正確。
16.單選題
Amagician’stalkcreatesa()ofattentionsothatpeopledonotseehowhedoeshistricks.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.vacuum
B.concentration
C.division
D.diversion
【答案】D
【解析】vacuum真空;concentration集中;division區(qū)分;diversion轉(zhuǎn)移,分散注意力。句意:魔術(shù)師的談話轉(zhuǎn)移了人們的注意力,使人們看不見他是如何表演魔術(shù)的。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。
17.單選題
Her30-yearstudyoftheGombeNationalParkchimpanzeesisthelargestcontinuousfieldprojecteverrecorded.Ithasmadeher—andthechimpanzees—aliving______,earningherhonorarydegrees,doctoratesandwildlifeconservationawardsallovertheworld.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.legend
B.specimen
C.maximum
D.document
【答案】A
【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)legend“傳奇”;B選項(xiàng)specimen“樣本”;C選項(xiàng)maximum“最大限度”;D選項(xiàng)document“文件”。句意:她花了30年研究貢貝國(guó)家公園里的黑猩猩,是有記錄以來規(guī)模最大的連續(xù)野外研究項(xiàng)目。這讓她和黑猩猩們成為活生生的______,并獲得了世界各地的榮譽(yù)學(xué)位、博士學(xué)位和野生動(dòng)物保護(hù)獎(jiǎng)。這個(gè)項(xiàng)目是有記錄以來規(guī)模最大的連續(xù)野外研究項(xiàng)目,超出了人們的想象,A選項(xiàng)legend“傳奇”符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。
18.單選題
Manycompaniesallowyoutotryequipmentandwill______equipmenttoyouinyourownhome.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.proclaim
B.demonstrate
C.recommend
D.package
【答案】D
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)proclaim“宣告;成為標(biāo)志”;B選項(xiàng)demonstrate“證實(shí);表現(xiàn),顯露”;C選項(xiàng)recommend“舉薦;建議”;D選項(xiàng)package“將……包裝好;包裝成”。句意:許多公司允許您試用設(shè)備,并將設(shè)備______送到您自己家中。橫線處和equipment“設(shè)備”形成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,D選項(xiàng)package“將……包裝好”可以進(jìn)行搭配,符合題意。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。
19.單選題
______totellusthattheinterestoftheindividualshouldbesubordinatetothatofthecollective?
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.Wereyouused
B.Areyouused
C.Didyouuse
D.Doyouused
【答案】C
【解析】考查固定句型。句意:你不是經(jīng)常告訴我們個(gè)人的利益應(yīng)該從屬于集體的利益嗎?sb.usedtodo“某人過去常常做某事”,其一般疑問句為didsb.usetodo;sb.beusedto(doing)sth.“習(xí)慣于(做)某事”,其一般疑問句為be動(dòng)詞提前;beusedtodosth.“被用來做某事”。結(jié)合語境,這里指的是過去常常告訴我們某事,C選項(xiàng)Didyouuse符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。
20.單選題
Hecarriedapalebonewhichhekeptthrowingoutintotheduneforthebirddogto______.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.cast
B.trace
C.chase
D.retrieve
【答案】D
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)cast“扔,擲,拋”;B選項(xiàng)trace“尋找到,追蹤”;C選項(xiàng)chase“追趕,追捕”;D選項(xiàng)retrieve“(從不屬于某物應(yīng)該在的地方)找回,取回”。句意:他拿著一根白骨,不斷把它扔到沙丘里,讓獵鳥犬去______。骨頭被反復(fù)扔到沙丘里,就是為了讓狗去取回,因此D選項(xiàng)正確。
21.單選題
Thefirestartedonthefirstfloorofthehospital______wereelderlyandweak.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.manyofitspatients
B.manyofwhichpatients
C.manypatientsofwhom
D.manyofwhosepatients
【答案】D
【解析】考查定語從句。句意:大火從醫(yī)院的一樓開始蔓延,在一樓有許多年老體弱的病人。橫線到句尾部分是修飾firstfloor的定語從句,patients和firstfloor是所屬關(guān)系,用引導(dǎo)詞whose,D選項(xiàng)manyofwhosepatients符合題意。A選項(xiàng)中its不是引導(dǎo)詞,不引導(dǎo)從句;B選項(xiàng)中which不表示所屬關(guān)系;C選項(xiàng)中whom用在先行詞是人的情況。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。
22.單選題
HeisplanningtogotoTehranto______peacemovesthroughtheIslamicConferenceOrganization.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.publish
B.survey
C.initiate
D.hoist
【答案】C
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)publish“出版,發(fā)布”;B選項(xiàng)survey“審察;測(cè)量”;C選項(xiàng)initiate“使開始,發(fā)起;使初步了解”;D選項(xiàng)hoist“吊起,拉高”。句意:他計(jì)劃前往德黑蘭通過伊斯蘭會(huì)議組織______和平運(yùn)動(dòng)。這里橫線處搭配peacemoves“和平運(yùn)動(dòng)”,只有C選項(xiàng)initiate“使開始,發(fā)起”符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。
23.單選題
Thegovernmentpromisedto()anewsystemtocontrolfinancialloaninstitutions.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.implement
B.complement
C.supplement
D.compliment
【答案】A
【解析】implement實(shí)施,執(zhí)行;complement補(bǔ)充;supplement增補(bǔ);compliment恭維,稱贊。句意:政府承諾實(shí)施新的制度來控制金融貸款機(jī)構(gòu)。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。
24.單選題
Ifyoustandontopofacliffbookingdownadeepvalley,you’llfeel().
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.uncomfortab
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