2022年考研考博-考博英語-西南政法大學考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號74

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-西南政法大學考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據實際調整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Noonewas（

）intheaccident.

問題1選項

A.injured

B.wounded

C.suffered

D.handicapped

【答案】A

【解析】動詞辨析題。A選項injure“傷害，損害”；B選項wound“創(chuàng)傷，傷害”；C選項suffer“遭受”；D選項handicap“妨礙”。句意：在這次事故中沒有人受傷。選項A和B都有受傷的意思，但injury指意外傷害或事故造成的傷害，wound一般指刀傷，槍傷，戰(zhàn)場上受傷，也可指對感情的傷害，所以選項A更加恰當。

2.單選題

Abuildinghastwomainstructuralfunctions.Itmustshelterpeoplefromtheelementsanditmusttransmitallloadssafelytotheground.Loadsareoftwokinds,deadandlive.Deadloadsarethoseofthebuildingitself.Theyvaryindifferentpartsofthebuildingaccordingtotheheightsandmaterialsused.

Engineerscaneasilycalculatetheseloads,becausetheyknowtheweightsandpositionsofallthepartsofthebuilding.Liveloadsaretheweightsofthepeopleandthingsinthebuilding.Engineershavedoneresearchintoliveloadingsandhaveproducedstatisticsforallkindsofloads.Theyknow,forexample,thatthenormalfloorloadingofanofficebuildingisabout40poundsforeverysquarefoot.

Inmanycountries,thegreatestloadingsallowedarestatedinregulations.Whenauthoritiesapprovethedesignofanewbuilding,theymakesurethatthebuildingwillsafelytaketheloadsstated.Thecalculationsincludeasafetyfactorofthreeorfour—thatis,thestructureisthreeorfourtimesasitneededbetoavoidcollapse.Theextrastrengthallowsforoccasionaloverloadingandforsmallheavyloads,suchasanofficesafe.Theextrastrengthalsoallowsfordeteriorationofthestructure.

Thearchitectmustdesignthebuildingtostanduptowindpressures.AndinsomecountriessuchasJapan,thebuildingmustalsowithstandearthquakes.Earthquakescauseabnormalstressesinabuilding'sstructure,especiallyatthejointsbetweenbeamsandcolumns.

Themaintypesofstructureusedtosupportbuildingincludeload-bearingwalls,framesandtheshellstructures.Architectsmayusespace-framesandshellsforlargeone-flooredbuildings,suchasaircrafthangars,exhibitionhallsandswimming-pools.Thesestructurescanformwide-spanroofswithoutanycentralsupportpillars.Aspaceframeconsistsofarigidnetworkofmetalgirders.Ashellmaybeofconcreteorwood,formingahigharchedroof.Manyshellstructureshavebeautifulgeometricalshapes.

1.Anappropriatetitlefortheabovearticleshouldbe（

）.

2.Oneofthemainstructuralfunctionsofabuildingis

（

）.

3.Thesafetyfactorofabuildingmustbe

（

）.

4.arethemaintypesofstructuresusedtosupportbuildings

（

）.

5.Allthestressesarementionedinthepassageexcept（

）.

問題1選項

A.TheMethodsofConstruction

B.TheContractingSystem

C.ThePrinciplesofBuilding

D.ConstructingaLargeBuilding

問題2選項

A.toprovideshelterforpeopleatnight

B.totransmitallloadssafelytotheground

C.tostanduptowindpressure

D.toserveasakinddecorationinthecity

問題3選項

A.twiceasstrongasthewindpressuretoavoidcollapse

B.threeoffourtimesasstrongasitneededbetoavoidcollapse

C.explainedtotheresidentswholiveinthebuilding

D.reportedtothegovernmentuponcompletionofthebuilding

問題4選項

A.Wide-spanroofsandshellstructures

B.Pillarsandcolumns

C.Concretewallsandframes

D.Load-bearingwalls,framesandshellstructures

問題5選項

A.windpressures

B.stressescausedbyearthquakes

C.rainpressure

D.stressesofthebuildingitself

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。原文第一段指出建筑有兩個主要的結構功能以及兩種負載能力。下文接著講到了建筑承重的問題，由此可以推斷，本文主要講的是建筑原則，選項C正確。

2.細節(jié)事實題。根據第一段第二句“Itmustshelterpeoplefromtheelementsanditmusttransmitallloadssafelytotheground.它必須為人們提供躲避惡劣天氣的場所，并且必須將所有的貨物安全運送到地面?！敝挥羞x項B符合原文。

3.細節(jié)事實題。根據第三段倒數第三句“thestructureisthreeorfourtimesasitneededbetoavoidcollapse.（建筑）結構是避免倒塌所需的三到四倍。”由此可知，選項B與原文表述一致，所以正確。

4.細節(jié)事實題。根據最后一段第一句“Themaintypesofstructureusedtosupportbuildingincludeload-bearingwalls,framesandtheshellstructures.支撐建筑物的主要結構類型包括承重墻、框架和殼體結構?！边x項D符合原文。

5.判斷推理題。根據第四段的一二句“Thearchitectmustdesignthebuildingtostanduptowindpressures.AndinsomecountriessuchasJapan,thebuildingmustalsowithstandearthquakes.建筑師必須設計出經得起風壓的建筑物。在日本等一些國家，建筑物還必須經受起地震?！庇纱丝芍x項A和B均有提及；根據第一段倒數第二句“Deadloadsarethoseofthebuildingitself.靜載荷是建筑物本身的負載?！庇纱丝芍x項D在文中也有提及。只有選項C沒有提及，所以本題選C。

3.單選題

Noverysatisfactoryaccountofthemechanismthatcausedtheformationoftheoceanbasinshasyetbeengiven.Thetraditionalviewsupposesthattheuppermantleoftheearthbehavesasaliquidwhenitissubjectedtosmallforcesforlongperiodsandthatdifferencesintemperatureunderoceansandcontinentsaresufficienttoproduceconvectioninthemantleoftheearthwithrisingconvectioncurrentsunderthemidoceanridgesandsinkingcurrentsunderthecontinents.Theoretically,thisconvectionwouldcarrythecontinentalplatesalongasthoughtheywereonaconveyorbeltandwouldprovidetheforcesneededtoproducethesplitthatoccursalongtheridge.Thisviewmaybecorrect;ithastheadvantagethatthecurrentsaredrivenbytemperaturedifferencesthatthemselvesdependonthepositionofthecontinents.Suchabackcoupling,inwhichthepositionofthemovingplatehasanimpactontheforcesthatmoveit,couldproducecomplicatedandvaryingmotions.

Ontheotherhand,thetheoryisimplausiblebecauseconvectiondoesnotnormallyoccuralonglines,anditcertainlydoesnotoccuralonglinesbrokenbyfrequentoffsetsorchangesindirection,astheridgeis.AlsoitisdifficulttoseehowthetheoryappliestotheplatebetweentheMid-AtlanticRidgeandtheridgeintheIndianOcean.Thisplateisgrowingonbothsides,andsincethereisonintermediatetrenchthetworidgesmustbemovingapart.Itwouldbeoddiftherisingconvectioncurrentskeptexactpacewiththem.Atlantictheoryisthatthesinkingpartoftheplate,whichisdenserthanthehottersurroundingmantle,pullstherestoftheplateafterit.AgainitisdifficulttoseehowthisappliestotheridgeintheSouthAtlantic,whereneithertheAfricannortheAmericanplatehasasinkingpart.

Anotherpossibilityisthatthesinkingplatecoolstheneighboringmantleandproducesconvectioncurrentsthatmovetheplates.Thislasttheoryisattractivebecauseitgivessomehopeofexplainingtheenclosedseas,suchastheSeaofJapan.Theseseashaveatypicaloceanicfloor,exceptthatthefloorisoverlaidbyseveralkilometersofsediment.TheirFloorshaveprobablybeensinkingforlongperiods.Itseemspossiblethatasinkingcurrentofcooledmantlematerialontheuppersideoftheplatemightbethecauseofsuchdeepbasins.Theenclosedseasareanimportantfeatureoftheearth’ssurfaceandseriouslyrequireexplanationbecause,inadditiontotheenclosedseasthataredevelopingatpresentbehindislandarcs;thereareanumberofolderonesofpossiblysimilarorigin;suchastheGulfofMexico,theBlackSea.andperhapsthenNorthSea.

1.Accordingtothetraditionalviewoftheoriginoftheoceanbasins,whichofthefollowingissufficienttomovethecontinentalplates?

2.Theauthorreferstoa“conveyorbelt”(Lines5,Para.1)inorderto（

）.

3.Theauthorregardsthetraditionalviewoftheoriginoftheoceanbasin

（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingareseparatedbyaplatethatisgrowingonbothsides?

問題1選項

A.Spreadingofoceantrenches.

B.Movementofmid-oceanridges.

C.Sinkingofoceanbasins.

D.Differencesintemperatureunderoceansandcontinents.

問題2選項

A.illustratetheeffectsofconvectioninthemantle.

B.showhowtemperaturedifferencesdependonthepositionsofthecontinent

C.demonstratethelinearoftheMidAtlanticRidge

D.describethecomplicatedmotionsmadepossiblybybackcoupling

問題3選項

A.guardedskepticism

B.absoluteindifference

C.indignantanger

D.completedisbelief

問題4選項

A.ThePacificOceanandtheSeaofJapan.

B.TheSouthAtlanticRidgeandtheNorthSeaRidge.

C.TheGulfofMexicoandtheSouthAtlanticRidge.

D.TheMidAtlanticRidgeandtheIndianOceanRidge

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:D

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。根據第一段的第二句“Thetraditionalviewsupposesthat…underthecontinents.傳統(tǒng)的觀點認為，當地球的上地幔長時間受到微力的作用會變成液體，以及海洋和大陸的溫差在地球的地幔中足以產生對流，海洋中脊下的對流上升，大陸下的對流下降?！庇纱丝芍?，是海洋與大陸的溫差造成了板塊的移動，所以選項D符合原文。

2.作者意圖題。根據關鍵詞“conveyorbelt”定位到第一段第三句“Theoretically,thisconvectionwouldcarrythecontinentalplatesalongasthoughtheywereonaconveyorbeltandwouldprovidetheforcesneededtoproducethesplitthatoccursalongtheridge.理論上來說，這種對流會帶動大陸板塊，就像在傳送帶上一樣，并提供洋脊產生分裂所需的動力?！庇纱丝芍?，作者把對流運動比喻成傳送帶，是為了說明對流運動產生的影響，所以選項A正確。

3.觀點態(tài)度題。根據原文中所提及的“Thisviewmaybecorrect”以及“Ontheotherhand,thetheoryisimplausible（難以置信的）…”說明作者對傳統(tǒng)觀點的態(tài)度是持保留意見的懷疑，所以選項A正確。

4.細節(jié)事實題。根據題干關鍵信息“growingonbothsides”定位到第二段第三句“Thisplateisgrowingonbothsides.”這里的“this”即上文提及的“theMid-AtlanticRidgeandtheridgeintheIndianOcean”，所以選項D正確。

4.單選題

Theyoungshouldbe（

）totheold.

問題1選項

A.respectable

B.respectful

C.respected

D.respective

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞辨析題。A選項respectable“值得尊敬的”；B選項respectful“恭敬的，有禮貌的”；C選項respected“受尊敬的”；D選項respective“分別的，各自的”。句意：年輕人應該恭敬的對待老人。選項B符合句意。

5.單選題

Ifyougetintoabathfullofwater,someofthewaterwill（

）ontothefloor.

問題1選項

A.overlap

B.overflow

C.flourish

D.flutter

【答案】B

【解析】動詞辨析題。A選項overlap“與…重疊”；B選項overflow“溢出，泛濫”；C選項flourish“繁榮，茂盛，茁壯成長”；D選項flutter“飄動，飛來飛去”。句意：如果你進入一個充滿水的浴缸，水將會溢出到地板上。選項B符合句意。

6.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish

勞動仲裁類似于中世紀手工業(yè)行會的調停話動，它是多步驟申述體制之最終結果。

盡管信托關系可以口頭創(chuàng)立，但卻一般是經書面文件形式確認。

破壞環(huán)境之行為可以被法律規(guī)定為犯罪。

因股東大會不夠法定人數，故該決議被認定無效。

【答案】Laborarbitration,similartothemediationactivitiesinthemedievalcraftguilds,isthefinalresultofmulti-steprepresentationsystem.

Atrustmaybecreatedorally,butusuallyissetupinawrittenform.

Anactthatisdestructivetotheenvironmentmaybecriminalizedbystatue.

Theresolutionwasinvalidbecausetheshareholder'smeetingwasnotquorate.

7.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.

1996年，世界上海拔最高的現代化的、多功能的大型圖書館西藏自治區(qū)圖書館建成開館。

她不想被別人看成賣弄才學的女子。

競爭確有好處，它能逼你去創(chuàng)造、去革新。

中國不尋求霸權或支配世界事務，而是倡導建立國際政治經濟新秩序。

維護祖國統(tǒng)一事關中華民族的根本利益，中國人民將義無反顧的捍衛(wèi)國家主權和領土完整，絕不允許任何人以任何方式把臺灣從中國分裂出去。

【答案】In1996,thelarge,modemandmulti-functionalTibetAutonomousRegionLibrary,theworld’shighestinaltitude,wascompletedandopenedtothepublic.

Shedidnotwanttobelookeduponasabluestocking.

Competitionisagoodthingforcingyoutobecreativeandinnovative.

Chinadoesnotseekhegemonyorpredominanceinworldaffairsbuttoadvocateanewinternationalpoliticalandeconomicorder.

TosafeguardnationalunitybearsonthefundamentalinterestsoftheChinesenation.WeChinesepeoplewillsafeguardourstatesovereigntyandterritorialintegritywithresolve,neverallowinganyonetoseparateTaiwanfromChinainanyway.

8.翻譯題

PutthefollowingpassagesintoChinese:

Forthetimebeingatleast,contractsarealiveandwell.Theytestifytoanimportantliberalprinciple,namely,thatpeoplecancometogetherasstrangersandvoluntarilycommitthemselvestoanagreementthattakestheplaceofthelawbetweenthem.Thefinalcontract,whetheritiswrittenorspoken,isnottheonlymannerinwhichthelawacknowledgesvoluntaryactionsthatgiverisetocommitmentsastrangermayenforce.Inthecommonlaw,suchcommitmentsmayarisethroughconductonwhichanotherpersonhasarighttorely,ofactindetrimentalreliance(導致損失的信賴)Therightofreliancemayoccurasaresultnotjustofthemakingofacontractbutalsoofthenegotiationandconductpriortoacontract.Intheprocessofnegotiatingacontract,thenegotiatorsestablisharelationship,andtheycometoexpectcertainbehavioroftheirnegotiatingpartners.Thisrelationshipisparticularlyimportantinthecivillaw.

Thenineteenth-centuryGermanlegalphilosopherRudolfvonJheringandhisfollowershavereferredtothisrelationshipasoneofreciprocal(互惠的)trust.Trustbreedsduties.Andifyounegligentlybreachthetrustofanother,youshouldpaycompensation.

Withtheemphasisontrustandreciprocity(互惠)，thecontractisconvertedfromacompetitiveinstitutiondeterminingwhogetsthebestdealintoapotentiallycooperativeenterprise.TheideabehindJhering’semphasisonthecontractingrelationshipisthatdutiesarise,andtheyarenotnecessarilydutiesofperformance.Theymightbedutiesofconcern,ofreciprocalattentiontotheinterestsoftheother,andtothesuccessoftheventureasawhole.Inthecommonlawworld,theseprecontractualdutieswouldbehardtogroundbecausetherewouldbenoconsiderationtosupportthem.Theyare,bydefinition,precontractual.

【答案】至少在目前看來，契約仍有著很強的生命力。它們證實了一個重要的自由原則，即陌生可以走到一起并自愿地達成一份協議來替代他們之間存在的法律。無論是書面還是口頭的，最終契約不是法律認可自愿行為的唯一方式，自愿行為促生了人們可能執(zhí)行的義務。在普通的法律中，這些義務可能通過另外一個人有權依賴的行為或讓信賴損失行為而產生。信賴的權利可能不僅來契約的簽訂，而且還來自于契約簽訂前的協商和行為。在合同協商過程中，協議方建立了一種關系，且他們開始期望自己的協議伙伴們遵守某種行為。這種關系在民法中尤其重要。

19世紀的德國法哲學家RudolfvonJhering和他的擁護者們將這種關系稱為一種互惠的信任。信任產生責任。如果你疏忽地違背了他人的信任，那么你就應該作出賠償。

由于強調信任與互惠，契約由決定誰是獲得最大好處的競爭性制度轉變成了一種由潛在合作性的計劃。Jhering對契約關系強調的背后觀點是義務產生，且這些義務不是合約履行中的必要責任?？偟膩碚f，它們可能是關心、關注另一方利益及企業(yè)成功義務。在普通的法律中，由于沒有約根支持，所以很難得到落實這些契約前義務。從定義上說，它們是契約前義務。

9.翻譯題

繼續(xù)推進農村稅費改革，減輕農民負擔，保護農民利益。

1996年，世界上海拔最高的現代化的、多功能的大型圖書館西藏自治區(qū)圖書館建成開館。

中國不尋求霸權或支配世界事務，而是倡導建立國際政治經濟新秩序。

不堅決懲治腐敗，黨同人民群眾的血肉聯系就會受到嚴重損害，黨的執(zhí)政地位就有喪失的危險，黨就有可能走向自我毀滅。

維護祖國統(tǒng)一事關中華民族的根本利益。中國人民將義無反顧地捍衛(wèi)國家主權和領土完整，絕不允許任何人以任何方式把臺灣從中國分裂出去。

【答案】Continuetopushforwardthereformofruraltaxesandfees,toalleviatefarmers’burdensandprotecttheinterestsofthefarmers.

In1996,alargemodemandmulti-functionallibraryofthehighestelevationintheworld,namelytheTibetAutonomousRegionLibrary,wasbuiltandopened.

Chinadoesnotseekhegemonyordominanceoverworldaffairs,butadvocatestoestablishanewinternationalpoliticalandeconomicorder.

Withoutresolutelypunishingcorruption,theflesh-bloodrelationshipbetweenourPartyandthepeoplewillbeseverelydamaged,therulingstatusofourPartyruntheriskoflossandourPartyislikelytoheadtowardself-destruction.

TosafeguardnationalunitybearsonthefundamentalinterestoftheChinesenation.WeChinesepeoplewillsafeguardourstatesovereigntyandterritorialintegritywithfirmresolve.WewillneverallowanyonetoseparateTaiwanfromChinainanyway.

10.單選題

Agoodscientist（

）intoallaspectsofaprobleminordertofindsolutions.

問題1選項

A.pricks

B.pokes

C.probes

D.peers

【答案】C

【解析】動詞辨析題。A選項prick“戳，扎破”；B選項poke“戳，刺”；C選項probe“調查”；D選項peer“凝視”。句意：一個好的科學家會對調查問題的各個方面，以便找到解決辦法。選項C符合句意。

11.單選題

Everystreethadastory,everybuildingamemory.Thoseblessedwithwonderfulchildhoodscandrivethestreetsoftheirhometownsandhappilyrollbacktheyears.Therestarepulledhomebydutyandleaveassoonaspossible.AfterRayAtleehadbeeninClanton(hishometown)forfifteenminuteshewasanxioustogetout.

Thetownhadchanged,butthenithadn't.Onthehighwaysleadingin,thecheapmetalbuildingsandmobilehomesweregatheringastightlyaspossiblenexttotheroadsformaximumvisibility.Thistownhadnozoningwhatsoever.Alandownercouldbuildanythingwithnopermit,noinspection,nonoticetoadjoininglandowners,nothing.Onlyhogfarmsandnuclearreactorsrequiredapprovalsandpaperwork.Theresultwasaslash-and-buildclutterthatgotuglierbytheyear.

Butintheoldersections,nearerthesquare,thetownhadnotchangedatall.ThelongshadedstreetswereascleanandneataswhenRayroamedthemonhisbike.Mostofthehouseswerestillownedbypeopleheknew,orifthosefolkshadpassedonthenewownerskeptthelawnsclippedandtheshutterspainted.Onlyafewwerebeingneglected.Ahandfulhadbeenabandoned.

ThisdeepinBiblecountry,itwasstillanunwrittenruleinthetownthatlittlewasdoneonSundaysexceptgotochurch,sitonporches,visitneighbours,restandrelaxthewayGodintended.

Itwascloudy,quitecoolforMay,andashetouredhisoldturf,killingtimeuntiltheappointedhourforthefamilymeeting,hetriedtodwellonthegoodmemoriesfromClanton.TherewasDizzyDeanParkwherehehadplayedlittleLeagueforthePirates,andtherewasthepublicpoolhe'dswumineverysummerexcept1969whenthecitycloseditratherthanadmitblackchildren.Therewerethechurches-Baptist.MethodistandPresbyterian-facingeachotherattheintersectionofSecondandElmlikewarysentries,theirsteeplescompetingforheight.Theywereemptynow.butinanhourorsothemorefaithfulwouldgatherforeveningservices.

Thesquarewasaslifelessasthestreetsleadingtoit.Witheightthousandpeople,Clantonwasjustlargeenoughtohaveattractedthediscountstoresthathadwipedoutsomanysmalltowns.Butherethepeoplehadbeenfaithfultotheirdowntownmerchants,andtherewasn'tasingleemptyorboarded-upbuildingaroundthesquare—nosmallmiracle.Theretailshopsweremixedinwiththebanksandlawofficesandcafes,allclosedfortheSabbath.

HeinchedthroughthecemeteryandsurveyedtheAtleesectionintheoldpart,wherethetombstonesweregander.Someofhisancestorshadbuiltmonumentsfortheirdead.Rayhadalwaysassumedthatthefamilymoneyhe'dneverseenmusthavebeenburiedinthosegraves.Heparkedandwalkedtohismother'sgrave,somethinghehadn'tdoneinyears.ShewasburiedamongtheAtlees,atthefaredgeofthefamilyplotbecauseshehadbarelybelonged.

Soon,inlessthananhour,hewouldbesittinginhisfather'sstudy,sippingbadinstantteaandreceivinginstructionsonexactlyhowhisfatherwouldbelaidtorest.Manyorderswereabouttobegiven,manydecreesanddirections,becausehisfather(whousedtobeajudge)wasagreatmanandcareddeeplyabouthowhewastoberemembered.

Movingagain,Raypassedthewatertowerhe'dclimbedtwice,thesecondtimewiththeDolicewairingbelow.Hegrimacedathisoldhighschool,aplacehe'dnevervisitedsincehe'dleftit.BehinditwasthefootballfieldwherehisbrotherForresthadrompedoveropponentsandalmostbecamefamousbeforegeeingbouncedofftheteam.

Itwastwentyminutesbeforefive,Sunday,May7.Timeforthefamilymeeting.

1.Fromthefirstparagraph,wegettheimpressionthat（

）.

2.WhichofthefollowingadjectivesdoesNOTdescribeRay'shometown?

3.FromthepassagewecaninferthattherelationshipbetweenRayandhisparentswas

（

）.

4.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatRay'sfatherwasallEXCEPT（

）.

問題1選項

A.Raycherishedhischildhoodmemories

B.Rayhadsomethingurgenttotakecareof

C.Raymaynothaveahappychildhood

D.Raycannotrememberhischildhooddays

問題2選項

A.Lifeless

B.Religious

C.Traditional

D.Quiet

問題3選項

A.close

B.remote

C.tense

D.impossibletotell

問題4選項

A.considerate

B.punctual

C.thrifty

D.dominant.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:A

【解析】1.判斷推理題。根據第一段的內容“每一條街道都有一個故事，造就一段回憶。那些擁有美好的童年的人能夠隨著街道回到家鄉(xiāng)，回到那些快樂的時光。而剩下的人則是由于責任返回家鄉(xiāng)，然后盡可能快的離開。RayAtlee在他的家鄉(xiāng)克林頓待了15分鐘后，迫不及待的想要離開?！庇纱丝赏茢啵琑ayAtlee很明顯屬于第二類人，說明他沒有快樂的童年，選項C符合原文。

2.細節(jié)事實題。根據第六段首句“Thesquarewasaslifelessasthestreetsleadingtoit.”可知選項A正確；根據第四段的內容“在這個圣經國度的深處，星期天除了去教堂、坐在門廊上、拜訪鄰居、按照神的旨意休息和放松外，幾乎什么也不做，這在鎮(zhèn)上還是不成文的規(guī)矩?！笨芍x項B符合原文；根據第二段三四句“Thistownhadnozoningwhatsoever.Alandownercouldbuildanythingwithnopermit,noinspection,nonoticetoadjoininglandowners,nothing.這個城鎮(zhèn)沒有任何的區(qū)域劃分。土地所有者可以在沒有許可證、沒有檢查、沒有通知毗鄰土地所有者的情況下建造任何東西，什么都不做?！庇纱丝赏茢?，這個城鎮(zhèn)是傳統(tǒng)的，選項C正確；只有選項D在文中沒有提及，所以本題選D。

3.判斷推斷題。根據倒數第四段“Heparkedandwalkedtohismother'sgrave,somethinghehadn'tdoneinyears.他停好車之后走到母親的墳墓前，這是他多年來從未做過的事?！币约暗箶档谌巍?..sippingbadinstantteaandreceivinginstructionsonexactlyhowhisfatherwouldbelaidtorest.Manyorderswereabouttobegiven,manydecreesanddirections,...他一邊喝著劣質的速溶茶，一邊接受有關如何安葬他父親的指示。又即將給予許多命令、規(guī)定和指示...”說明父親對他的嚴厲。由此可推斷，Ray和他父母的關系是疏遠的，所以選項B正確。

4.細節(jié)事實題。根據最后一段“Itwastwentyminutesbeforefive,Sunday,May7.Timeforthefamilymeeting.”根據家庭會議的時間可推測出Ray的父親很守時，選項A正確；根據倒數第三段提及的父親書房里的劣質速溶茶“badinstanttea”可推測他的父親很節(jié)儉；根據倒數第三段最后一句“Manyorderswereabouttobegiven,manydecreesanddirections,becausehisfather(whousedtobeajudge)wasagreatmanandcareddeeplyabouthowhewastoberemembered.”可推斷出他的父親占主導地位，選項D正確；只有選項A在文中沒有提及，所以本題選A。

12.單選題

Whethertheirfootballteamwinisamatterof（

）tome.

問題1選項

A.indifference

B.discrimination

C.deviation

D.interests

【答案】A

【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項indifference“漠不關心”；B選項discrimination“歧視，區(qū)別”；C選項deviation“偏差，誤差”；D選項interest“興趣，愛好”。句意：他們的足球隊是否能贏對我來說無關緊要。選項A符合語境。

13.單選題

To（

）theriskoftheft,installagoodalarmsystem.

問題1選項

A.decrease

B.minimize

C.limit

D.eliminate

【答案】D

【解析】動詞辨析題。A選項decrease“減少，降低”；B選項minimize“最小化”；C選項limit“限制”；D選項eliminate“消除，排除”。句意：為了消除被盜的風險，安裝一個好的報警系統(tǒng)。選項D符合句意。

14.單選題

Acoatofpaintwilldevelopsmallcracksasit（

）overtime.

問題1選項

A.peels

B.shrinks

C.hardens

D.fades

【答案】A

【解析】動詞辨析題。A選項peel“剝落”；B選項shrink“收縮”；C選項harden“變硬”；D選項fade“褪色”。句意：一層油漆隨著時間的推移會剝落，從而產生小裂縫。選項A符合語境。

15.單選題

Accordingtothe“hygienehypothesis”firstproposedin1989,exposuretoavarietyofbacteria,virusesandparasiticwormsearlyinlifehelpsprimeachild’simmunesystem,muchlikesensoryexperiencesprogramhisbrain.Withoutsuchearlyinstruction,theimmunesystemmaygoindisorderandoverreactwithallergiestofoods,pollenandpetfurorturnonthebody’sowntissue,settingoffautoimmunedisorders.

Manyofthesemicroorganismsevolvedsymbioticallywithhumansovermillionsofyears—theso-called"oldfriends’’theory.Butwheretheyhavebeeneradicated,akeypartofhumandevelopmenthasbeenthrownoff.“Thevastmajorityofmicrobesareharmless.Thereareonlyafewdozenthatcancauselethalinfections.”saysThomasMcDade,directoroftheLaboratoryforHumanBiologyResearchatNorthwesternUniversity.

In1998,aboutoneinfivechildreninindustrializedcountriessufferedfromallergicdiseasessuchasasthma,allergiesandrashes,accordingtotheInternationalStudyofAsthmaandAllergiesinChildhood,aglobalresearchinitiative.TheincidenceofpeanutallergyintheUStripledbetween1997and2008,accordingtoareportfromMountSinaiSchoolofMedicineinNewYork.ButsuchdiseasesarestillrelativelyrareinAfricaandruralAsia.“Thegeographicaldistributionofallergicandautoimmunediseasesisamirrorimageofthegeographicaldistributionofvariousinfectiousdiseases.”saysareportbyFrenchresearchersdevotedtothehygienehypothesis.

Exposuretoimmune-stimulatinggermsmayalsolowertheriskofheartdisease,accordingtoDr.McDade.Butthereareotherdangerslurkinginmuddywaterandanimalfaces.MichaelBell,aninfectiousdiseasespecialistanddeputydirectorofHealthcareQualityPromotionattheCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention,saysthatpeopleshouldbevigilantaboutwoundcaresincebacteriacancauseproblemsiftheygetintothebloodstream,andhestilladvocateshand-washing.“Ifyou’renotdoingittentimesaday,you'reprobablynotdoingitenough.”hesays.Butheandotherexpertssaythatregularsoapandwaterarefineinmostcases.Sterilizinghandsiscriticalmainlyforhealth-careworkersandinhospitals,wheredisease-causinggermsareprevalentandcaneasilyspread.

Manyexpertsadvisecommonsense.“Wedon’twanttosaytochildren.OK,playbythedirtyriverbankandcatchwhateveryoucan.”saysDr.Weinstocks."Butwecansaythere'snothingwrongwithkidsplayinginthedirt.Theydon'thavetoliveintotalsanitation,andtheywon’tdiefromeatingsomethingoffthefloor.It’sprobablymorehealthythannot.”

1.The“hygienehypothesis”proposedthatexposuretovariousvirusesandgermsinearlychildhood（

）.

2.Whatifwelivewithoutanymicroorganisms?

3.AccordingtoFrenchresearchers,thegeographicaldistributionofallergicandautoimmunediseases

（

）.

4.WhatdoesMichaelBellsuggestwedoindailylife?

5.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?

問題1選項

A.eliminateschildhooddiseasessuchasasthmaandallergies

B.provestobeanimportantpreventionagainstcancer

C.provestobenecessaryforthedevelopmentofimmunesystem

D.increasessusceptibilitytoallergicandautoimmunediseases

問題2選項

A.Wewillneverbeinvolvedintheallergies.

B.Wewilleradicatetheoutbreaksofmanyinfectiousdiseases.

C.Wemaymissanimportantpartofhumandevelopment.

D.Wemayfindnoeffectivemedicalcuretomanydisease.

問題3選項

A.hasnothingtodowiththatofvariousinfectiousdiseases

B.isexactlythesamewiththatofvariousinfectiousdiseases

C.iscompletelyoppositetothatofvariousinfectiousdiseases

D.showsnocomparabilitywiththatofvariousinfectiousdiseases

問題4選項

A.Becarefulaboutwoundcare.

B.Washhandswithin10timesaday.

C.Consulthealth-careworkers.

D.Sterilizeyourhandseveryday.

問題5選項

A.Childrenshouldbeencouragedtoplayindirtyplaces.

B.Moreeffortsshouldbemadeinpublichealth.

C.Parentsneedn’tworryaboutchildrenplayinginthedirt.

D.Excessivecleannessisrequiredathomebutnotoutdoors.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.判斷推理題。根據第一段第一句“根據1989年首次提出的“衛(wèi)生假說”，兒童在早期的生活中接觸各種細菌、病毒和寄生蟲，有助于兒童的免疫系統(tǒng)做好準備，就像感官體驗對大腦進行編程一樣。”由此可推斷，這個“衛(wèi)生假說”證明了免疫系統(tǒng)發(fā)展的重要性，選項C符合原文。

2.細節(jié)事實題。根據第二段一二句“Manyofthesemicroorganismsevolvedsymbioticallywithhumansovermillionsofyears—theso-called“oldfriends”theory.Butwheretheyhavebeeneradicated,akeypartofhumandevelopmenthasbeenthrownoff.許多微生物在數百萬年的時間里與人類共生進化，這就是所謂的“老朋友”理論。但是，在它們被根除的地方，人類發(fā)展的一個關鍵部分就被拋棄了?！边x項C符合原文。

3.判斷推斷題。根據關鍵詞“Frenchresearchers”定位到第三段最后一句“‘Thegeographicaldistributionofallergicandautoimmunediseasesisamirrorimageofthegeographicaldistributionofvariousinfectiousdiseases.’saysareportbyFrenchresearchersdevotedtothehygienehypothesis.‘過敏和自身免疫性疾病的地理分布是各種傳染病地理分布的一個鏡像。’一份由法國研究人員撰寫的關于衛(wèi)生假說的報告稱?！辩R像與原像是相反的，這里是說他們的地理分布也是完全相反的，所以選項C正確。

4.細節(jié)事實題。根據關鍵詞“MichaelBell”定位到倒數第二段第三句“MichaelBell,...,saysthatpeopleshouldbevigilantaboutwoundcaresincebacteriacancauseproblemsiftheygetintothebloodstream,andhestilladvocateshand-washing.MichaelBell表示，人們應該要注意傷口的護理，因為細菌一旦進入血液就會引發(fā)問題，他還提倡勤洗手?！边x項A符合原文；選項B和D不符合原文描述；選項D在文中沒有提及，所以本題選A。

5.判斷推理題。根據最后一段第二句“...there'snothingwrongwithkidsplayinginthedirt.Theydon'thavetoliveintotalsanitation,...孩子們在泥土里玩耍沒有什么錯，他們不必生活在完全衛(wèi)生的環(huán)境中...”所以選項C“父母不必擔心孩子在泥土里玩?！狈显?。

16.單選題

Doyouagreewiththesayingthatthemonkeywasthe（

）ofhumanrace?

問題1選項

A.offspring

B.successor

C.breeder

D.predecessor

【答案】D

【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項offspring“后代，子孫”；B選項successor“繼承者”；C選項