2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-浙江工商大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)68

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-浙江工商大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大小）題型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.翻譯題

Whenproprietaryinformationisaconcern,rememberthatnondisclosureagreementsmaybeapartofone’sspecifications,andthatfirmsmaybeevaluatedbasedontheircompliance.Whilevitaltechnologiesandproductdevelopmentplansmustbeprotected,foreignsourcingpartnersmusthaveadequateinformationtoenablethemtoperformtospecifications.Iftheinformationissimplytoosensitivetoshare,thatmaybeanargumentformakingthe“make”decisionratherthan“buy”inconsideringoutsourcingattheoutset.

【答案】

當(dāng)涉及到專(zhuān)有信息時(shí)，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)記：保密協(xié)議可作為個(gè)人規(guī)范的一部分，并可基于協(xié)議的遵守情況評(píng)估公司。盡管關(guān)鍵技術(shù)和產(chǎn)品研發(fā)計(jì)劃必須受到保護(hù)，但是國(guó)外的采購(gòu)合作商也必須擁有足夠的信息才能按照規(guī)格操作。如果這些信息太敏感而無(wú)法共享，這可能說(shuō)明，在開(kāi)始考慮外包時(shí)，需做出“制造”而不是“購(gòu)買(mǎi)”的決定。

2.翻譯題

世界需要和平，和平才能發(fā)展。中國(guó)要實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的發(fā)展目標(biāo)，渴望有一個(gè)和平的國(guó)際環(huán)境。中國(guó)政府堅(jiān)定不移地奉行獨(dú)立自主的和平外交政策，愿同各國(guó)加強(qiáng)合作，共同促進(jìn)人類(lèi)和平與發(fā)展的崇高事業(yè)。尊重主權(quán)和互不干涉內(nèi)政是國(guó)與國(guó)之間發(fā)展關(guān)系的前提。一個(gè)國(guó)家喪失主權(quán)，人民就沒(méi)有尊嚴(yán)和地位。中國(guó)堅(jiān)決捍衛(wèi)來(lái)之不易的國(guó)家主權(quán)和領(lǐng)土完整，決不允許任何外來(lái)干涉。同時(shí)，中國(guó)堅(jiān)持平等相待，尊重別國(guó)的主權(quán)和領(lǐng)土完整，尊重各國(guó)人民自主選擇的社會(huì)制度。

【答案】

Theworldneedspeace,foronlywithpeacecantherebedevelopment.Chinaearnestlyhopestohaveapeacefulinternationalenvironmentinordertoachieveitsdevelopmentgoals.TheChinesegovernmentiscommittedtoanindependentforeignpolicyofpeaceandstandsreadytoworkwithothercountriestoadvancethenoblecauseofpeaceandprogressofmankind.

Respectforsovereigntyandnon-interferenceintheinternalaffairsofothercountriesistheprerequisiteforsoundstate-to-staterelations.Whenacountrylosessovereignty,itspeoplelosedignityandstatus.Chinaisfirminupholdingitshard-wonsovereigntyandterritorialintegrityandwillnevertolerateanyexternalinterference.Atthesametime,Chinatreatseachotherasequals,Chinaalsorespectsthesovereigntyandterritorialintegrityofothercountriesaswellastheindependentchoiceoftheirpeopleforsocialsystemsanddevelopmentpaths.

3.單選題

Theimageofthevolunteersontelevisionadvertisingprovides（

）intopeople’sattitudetowardvolunteering.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.insights

B.foresight

C.revelations

D.specifications

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)insights“深刻見(jiàn)解”；B選項(xiàng)foresight“先見(jiàn)”；C選項(xiàng)revelation“啟示，揭露”；D選項(xiàng)specification“規(guī)格，說(shuō)明書(shū)”。句意為：志愿者在電視廣告上的形象，體現(xiàn)了人們對(duì)志愿服務(wù)的態(tài)度。insightsinto“對(duì)……的深刻見(jiàn)解”符合題意，故答案選A。

4.單選題

Theofficialclaimedthatthegovernmenthadonlychangedthelawinorderto（

）America.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.applaud

B.apprehend

C.appeal

D.appease

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)applaud“贊同，稱(chēng)贊”；B選項(xiàng)apprehend“理解”；C選項(xiàng)appeal“將……上訴”；D選項(xiàng)appease“安撫，對(duì)……做出讓步”。由“thegovernmenthadonlychangedthelaw政府改變法律”，后面是inorderto表示目的的介詞短語(yǔ)，可知空格部分意思為“安撫，平息”，句意為：有官員稱(chēng)政府改變法律僅僅是為了對(duì)美國(guó)做出讓步。選項(xiàng)D與之意思接近。

5.翻譯題

Currently,Chinaisinthemidstofachallengingtransition.Arapidlyagingpopulation,increasingdebt,anddecliningreturnsonfixedassetinvestmentplacenewburdensontheeconomy.Becauseofaging,thelaborforceisexpectedtopeakthisyearandbeginalongdeclinethatcouldreduceitssizeby16percentby2050.By2030,China’sdependencyratio—thepercentageofthepopulationthatisnotinthelaborforce(mostlytheelderlyandchildren)—willreach47percent.Thisisfarsooner,intermsofGDPpercapita,thanincountriessuchasJapanortheUnitedStates.

【答案】

目前，中國(guó)正處于一個(gè)具有挑戰(zhàn)性的轉(zhuǎn)型階段。人口老齡化的迅速增長(zhǎng)、不斷增加的債務(wù)以及固定資產(chǎn)投資回報(bào)率的下降給經(jīng)濟(jì)帶來(lái)了新的負(fù)擔(dān)。由于人口老齡化，中國(guó)的勞動(dòng)力總量預(yù)期今年達(dá)到最高峰，然后開(kāi)始一個(gè)長(zhǎng)期的減少，而到2050年中國(guó)的勞動(dòng)力規(guī)?？赡軠p少16%。到2030年，中國(guó)的撫養(yǎng)比率——即不屬于勞動(dòng)力的人口百分比（主要是老年人和兒童）將達(dá)到47%。而中國(guó)人均國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值的減少會(huì)比日本或美國(guó)等國(guó)家出現(xiàn)得早很多。

6.單選題

These99pearlsandjewelsareworthalotofmoney,（

）andcollectively.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.individually

B.independently

C.irrespectively

D.separately

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查副詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)individually“單獨(dú)的，單個(gè)的”；B選項(xiàng)independently“獨(dú)立的，自立的”；C選項(xiàng)irrespectively“無(wú)關(guān)地，不考慮地”；D選項(xiàng)separately“分別地；分離地”。填入一個(gè)意義與collectively“全體地”相反的副詞做狀語(yǔ)，individually“單獨(dú)的，單個(gè)的”最合適，句意為：這99顆珍珠和寶石，單個(gè)和加在一起，都值很多錢(qián)。故答案選A。

7.單選題

Thelawondrinkinganddrivingis（

）stated.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.extravagantly

B.empirically

C.explicitly

D.exceptionally

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查副詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)extravagantly“揮霍無(wú)度地”；B選項(xiàng)empirically“以經(jīng)驗(yàn)為主地”；C選項(xiàng)explicitly“明確地，明白地”；D選項(xiàng)exceptionally“例外地，特殊地”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“l(fā)aw法律”和“stated被表明，被解釋”，可知“明確地”符合題意，句意為：有關(guān)醉酒駕駛的法律規(guī)定得很清楚。故正確答案選C。

8.單選題

Thoughthe37-year-oldmanhadobserved300differentspottydogsforonly2hours,hecouldrecall（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.whatfeatureseachdoghad

B.whatfeatureshadeachdog

C.whathadfeatureseachdog

D.whatfeatureshadeachdoghad

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)。由句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知缺賓語(yǔ)，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有whatfeatureseachdoghad是個(gè)正確的從句，可以擔(dān)當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)，句意為：盡管這位37歲的男子對(duì)300只不同的斑點(diǎn)狗只觀察了兩個(gè)小時(shí)，但他能回憶起每只狗的特點(diǎn)。故答案選A，其他幾項(xiàng)語(yǔ)序有誤。

9.單選題

Dieting,accordingtoanoldjoke,maynotactuallymakeyoulivelonger,butitsurefeelsthatway.Nevertheless,evidencehasbeenaccumulatingsincethe1930sthatcalorierestriction—reducingananimal’senergyintakebelowitsenergyexpenditure—extendslifespananddelaysthestartofage—relateddiseasesinrats,dogs,fishandmonkeys.Suchresultshaveinspiredthousandsofpeopletoputupwithconstanthungerinthehopeoflivinglonger,healthierlives.Theyhavealsoledtoasearchfordrugsthatmimictheeffectsofcalorierestrictionwithoutthepainofgoingonanactualdiet.

Amidthetrend,itiseasytoforgetthatnoonehasuntilnowshownthatcalorierestrictionworksinhumans.Thatomission,however,changedthismonth,withthepublicationoftheinitialresultsofthefirstsystematicinvestigationintothematter.Thisstudytook48menandwomenandassignedthemrandomlytoeitheracontrolgrouporacalorie—restrictionregime.Thoseinthesecondgroupwererequiredtocuttheircalorieintakeforsixmonthsto75%ofthatneededtomaintaintheirweight.

Thestudyisalandmarkinthehistoryofthefield,becauseitssubjectswereeitherofnormalweightoronlyslightlyoverweight.Previousprojectshaveusedindividualswhowereclinicallyfat,thusconfusingtheunquestionablebenefitstohealthofreducingfatnesswiththepossibleadvantagesofcalorierestrictiontotheotherwisehealthy.

Atamolecularlevel,itsuggeststheseadvantagesarereal.Thoseonrestricteddietsshoweddropsinbodytemperatureandblood—insulinlevels—bothphenomenathathavebeenseeninlong—lived,calorie—restrictedanimals.TheyalsosufferedlessdamagetotheirDNA.

EricRavussin,ofLouisianaStateUniversity,saysthatsuchresultsprovidesupportforthetheorythatcalorierestrictionproducesametabolicadaptationoverandabovethatwhichwouldbeexpectedfromweightlossalone.Nevertheless,suchmetabolicadaptationcouldbethereasonwhycalorierestrictionisassociatedwithlongerlifespaninotheranimals—andthatiscertainlythehopeofthosewho,forthepast15years,havebeensearchingforwaysoftriggeringthatmetabolicadaptationbymeansotherthansemi-starvation.

Thesearchforadrugthatwilldelayoldageisitselfasoldasthehills—asisthewishfulthinkingofthesuckerswhofinancesuchefforts.Thosewhohopetofinditbymimickingtheeffectofcalorierestrictionarenot,however,completesnake-oilsalesmen,forthereisknowntobeafamilyofenzymes,whichactbothassensorsofnutrientavailabilityandasregulatorsofmetabolicrate.Thesemightprovidethenecessarybiochemicallinkbetweenstarvingandlivinglonger.

1.Welearnfromthefirsttwoparagraphsthat（

）.

2.Theword“l(fā)andmark”(Line1,Paragraph3)probablymeans（

）.

3.Theresultsofpreviousresearchontheeffectsofcalorierestrictionareunconvincingbecause（

）.

4.Itcanbeinferredfromparagraph5thatpeople（

）.

5.Peoplemighttakeenzymesasasubstituteforcalorierestrictioninthat（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.peoplearecrazyaboutdietinginordertolosesomeweight

B.experimentalresultsshowthatdietingcanprolonganimals’life

C.inthestudy,twogroupsofpeoplewereaskedtogoonadiet

D.fewresultshavebeenworkedoutontheeffectsofcalorierestriction

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.aneventofmuchprofit

B.aneventofgreatexcitement

C.aneventofgreatsignificance

D.aneventofuniquefeatures

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.thesubjectsoftheresearchwereeitherofoverweightorslightlyunderweight

B.calorie-restrictedanimalsshoweddifferentphysicalsignsintheresearch

C.thedecreaseinbodytemperaturemayresultfromchangesofoutsidetemperature

D.peoplecannottellthebenefitsoflosingweightfromthoseofcalorierestriction

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.havebeenengagedinthestudyofthereplacementofcalorierestriction

B.havebeenlookingfordrugsthatcanprolonghumans’lifeforages

C.canexpectachangeintheirmetabolicratewhengoingonadiet

D.maybenefitfrommetabolicadaptationinthatitmayprotecttheirDNA

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.theyestablishachemicallinkbetweenstarvingandlivinglong

B.theycanprovidepeoplewithenoughnutrition

C.theyworkinasimilarwaythatcalorierestrictiondoes

D.theyarefavoredbypeoplewhofinancethedrugresearch

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位到文章第一段“Nevertheless,evidencehasbeenaccumulatingsincethe1930sthatcalorierestriction—reducingananimal’senergyintakebelowitsenergyexpenditure—extendslifespananddelaysthestartofage—relateddiseasesinrats,dogs,fishandmonkeys.盡管如此，自20世紀(jì)30年代以來(lái)，越來(lái)越多的證據(jù)表明，在老鼠、狗、魚(yú)和猴子身上實(shí)行卡路里限制——將動(dòng)物的能量攝入降低到低于其能量消耗——可以延長(zhǎng)壽命，并延緩衰老相關(guān)疾病的發(fā)生。”可知之前相關(guān)的研究表明節(jié)食可以延長(zhǎng)動(dòng)物的壽命。所以選項(xiàng)B為正確答案。

2.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。定位到文章第三段“Thestudyisalandmarkinthehistoryofthefield,becauseitssubjectswereeitherofnormalweightoronlyslightlyoverweight.這項(xiàng)研究是該領(lǐng)域歷史上的里程碑，因?yàn)樗难芯繉?duì)象要么體重正常，要么只是稍微超重?！眑andmark在這里是有“里程碑的事件”的意思，和C選項(xiàng)“具有重大意義的事件”意義相近。因此選項(xiàng)C正確。

3.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位到文章第三段“Previousprojectshaveusedindividualswhowereclinicallyfat,thusconfusingtheunquestionablebenefitstohealthofreducingfatnesswiththepossibleadvantagesofcalorierestrictiontotheotherwisehealthy.由于以往的研究對(duì)象都是臨床肥胖研究者，因此人們會(huì)把減肥對(duì)健康毋庸置疑的好處與限制卡路里攝入量對(duì)健康人群可能帶來(lái)的好處混淆在一起?！庇蛇@句話我們可以得知人們常常會(huì)把減肥的好處和限制卡路里的攝入混在一起，區(qū)分不清。這樣也就造成了之前的研究不是很確定。故正確答案選D。

4.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第五段“Nevertheless,suchmetabolicadaptationcouldbethereasonwhycalorierestrictionisassociatedwithlongerlifespaninotheranimals—andthatiscertainlythehopeofthosewho,forthepast15years,havebeensearchingforwaysoftriggeringthatmetabolicadaptationbymeansotherthansemi-starvation.然而，這種代謝適應(yīng)可能就是為什么限制熱量攝入與延長(zhǎng)動(dòng)物壽命有關(guān)的原因——這當(dāng)然也是在過(guò)去15年里一直在尋找除半饑餓之外觸發(fā)這種代謝適應(yīng)方法的人的希望?！苯Y(jié)合上下文推斷，這里主要是節(jié)食過(guò)程中，動(dòng)物身上的新陳代謝發(fā)生變化。和選項(xiàng)C的意思基本相符。

5.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位到文章最后一段“Thosewhohopetofinditbymimickingtheeffectofcalorierestrictionarenot,however,completesnake-oilsalesmen,forthereisknowntobeafamilyofenzymes,whichactbothassensorsofnutrientavailabilityandasregulatorsofmetabolicrate.那些希望通過(guò)模擬限制卡路里的作用來(lái)研制藥物的人，他們并非完全只是些江湖郎中，因?yàn)橐阎幸唤M酶，它們既是營(yíng)養(yǎng)可用性的傳感器，又是代謝率的調(diào)節(jié)者。”由此可知這里由于酶能夠抑制熱量的產(chǎn)生，它可能會(huì)作為一種替代熱量限制的作用的藥物來(lái)研發(fā)出來(lái)，作為延長(zhǎng)人類(lèi)壽命的藥。因此選項(xiàng)C正確。

10.翻譯題

假如預(yù)期實(shí)際油價(jià)的上漲幅度將超過(guò)替代資產(chǎn)的回報(bào)率，生產(chǎn)者會(huì)把石油留在地下不開(kāi)采。因此決定當(dāng)前價(jià)格的，是預(yù)期的未來(lái)價(jià)格。最重要的推動(dòng)因素是新興國(guó)家（尤其是中國(guó)）需求的預(yù)期增長(zhǎng)情況，以及對(duì)替代能源供應(yīng)的擔(dān)憂(yōu)。中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的迅速增長(zhǎng)及其資源高度密集型的增長(zhǎng)方式，是最重要的因素。

【答案】

Producerswillleaveoilinthegroundiftheriseinrealoilpricesisexpectedtobefasterthanthereturnonthealternativeassets.Whatdeterminesthecurrentpricethenistheexpectedfutureprice.Themostimportantstimulationshavebeentheprospectivegrowthinthedemandofemergingcountries,particularlyChina,andgloomaboutalternativesourcesofsupply.China’srapidandhighlyresource-intensivegrowthisthemostimportantfactor.

11.單選題

Hermanisveryadroitathandlingpeople.Heisa(an)（

）manwhoisabletoexpresshisthoughtsanddesiresveryprecisely.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.dedicate

B.articulate

C.exasperate

D.formulate

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)dedicate“致力，獻(xiàn)身”；B選項(xiàng)articulate“善于表達(dá)的；口才好的”；C選項(xiàng)exasperate“激怒，惡化”；D選項(xiàng)formulate“規(guī)劃，制定”。A、C、D都為動(dòng)詞，不可填入空格部分。根據(jù)后面關(guān)鍵詞“expresshisthoughtsanddesiresveryprecisely準(zhǔn)確地表達(dá)自己的思想和愿望”，可知空格部分形容詞的意思應(yīng)該是“善表達(dá)的”，句意為：赫爾曼很善于與人打交道。他是個(gè)能言善辯的人，能把自己的想法準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)出來(lái)。故正確答案選B。

12.單選題

Cultural（

）indicatesthathumanbeingshandtheirlanguagesdownfromonegenerationtoanother.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.translation

B.transition

C.transmission

D.transaction

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】名詞辨析題。本題考查詞義和詞形相近的單詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)translation“翻譯”，B選項(xiàng)transition“過(guò)渡、轉(zhuǎn)變”；C選項(xiàng)transmission“傳遞、傳播”；D選項(xiàng)transaction“交易、事務(wù)”。根據(jù)題干that引導(dǎo)的從句的意思“人類(lèi)將自己的語(yǔ)言一代一代傳遞下去?！笨芍崭癫糠謫卧~意思為“傳播”，句意為：文化傳播表明人類(lèi)將自己的語(yǔ)言一代一代傳遞下去。因此正確答案選C。

13.單選題

Hewasconstraininghismindnotto（

）fromthelecture.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.wonder

B.wander

C.cruise

D.travel

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)wonder“想知道；驚訝”；B選項(xiàng)wander“不集中，走神”；C選項(xiàng)cruise“巡航，巡游；漫游”；D選項(xiàng)travel“旅行”。填入一個(gè)動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成不定式做賓補(bǔ)說(shuō)明hismind“他的思想”，由此可知wander“（因厭倦或焦慮而注意力）不集中，走神”符合題意，句意為：他在限制他的思想不要在課堂上分心。故答案選B。

14.單選題

Itwastheworsttragedyinmaritimehistory,sixtimesmoredeadlythantheTitanic.WhentheGermancruiseshipWilhelmGustloffwashitbytorpedoesfiredfromaRussiansubmarineinthefinalwinterofWorldWarII,morethan10,000people—mostlywomen,childrenandoldpeoplefleeingthefinalRedArmypushintoNaziGermany—werepackedaboard.Anicestormhadturnedthedecksintofrozensheetsthatsenthundredsoffamiliesslidingintotheseaastheshiptiltedandbegantogodown.Othersdesperatelytriedtoputlifeboatsdown.Somewhosucceededfoughtoffthoseinthewaterwhohadthestrengthtotrytoclawtheirwayaboard.Mostpeoplefrozeimmediately.“I'llneverforgetthescreams,”saysChristaNtitzmann,87,oneofthe1,200survivors.Sherecallswatchingtheship,brightlylit,slippingintoitsdarkgraveandintoseemingnothingness,rarelymentionedformorethanhalfacentury.

NowGermany’sNobelPrize-winningauthorGunterGrasshasrevivedthememoryofthe9,000dead,includingmorethan4,000childrenwithhislatestnovelCrabWalk,publishedlastmonth.Thebook,whichwillbeoutinEnglishnextyear,doesn’tdwellonthesinking;itsheroineisapregnantyoungwomanwhosurvivesthecatastropheonlytosaylater:“Nobodywantedtohearaboutit,nothereintheWest(ofGermany)andnotatallintheEast.”Thereasonwasobvious.AsGrassputitinarecentinterviewwiththeweeklyDieWoche:“BecausethecrimesweGermansareresponsibleforwereandaresodominant,wedidn’thavetheenergylefttotellofourownsufferings.”

ThelongsilenceaboutthesinkingoftheWilhelmGustloffwasprobablyunavoidableandnecessary.Byunreservedlyowninguptotheircountry’smonstrouscrimesintheSecondWorldWar,Germanshavemanagedtowinacceptanceabroad,marginalizetheneo-Nazisathomeandmakepeacewiththeirneighbors.Today’sunifiedGermanyismoreprosperousandstablethanatanytimeinitslong,troubledhistory.Forthat,ahalfcenturyofWillfulforgettingaboutpainfulmemoriesliketheGermanTitanicwasperhapsareasonablepricetopay.ButeventhemostpoliticallycorrectGermansbelievethattheyhavenowearnedtherighttodiscussthefullhistoricalrecord.NottoequateGermansufferingwiththatofitsvictims,butsimplytoacknowledgeaterribletragedy.

1.WhydoestheauthorsaythesinkingoftheWilhelmGustloffwastheworsttragedyinmaritimehistory?

2.Hundredsoffamiliesdroppedintotheseawhen（

）.

3.TheWilhelmGustlofftragedywaslittletalkedaboutformorethanhalfacenturybecause

Germans（

）.

4.HowdoesGunterGrassrevivethememoryoftheWilhelmGustlofftragedy?

5.ItcanbelearnedfromthepassagethatGermansnolongerthinkthat（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ItwasattackedbyRussiantorpedoes.

B.Itcausedthelargestnumberofcasualties.

C.Mostofitspassengerswerefrozentodeath.

D.Itsvictimsweremostlywomenandchildren.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.thebadlydamagedshipleanedtowardoneside

B.astrongicestormtiltedtheship

C.thecruiseshipsankallofasudden

D.thefrightenedpassengersfoughtdesperatelyforlifeboats

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.wereeagertowininternationalacceptance

B.hadbeenpressuredtokeepsilentaboutit

C.wereafraidofoffendingtheirneighbors

D.feltguiltyfortheircrimesinWorldWarII

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Bydescribingtheship’ssinkingingreatdetail.

B.BygivinganinterviewtotheweeklyDieWoche.

C.Bypresentingthehorriblesceneofthetorpedoattack.

D.Bydepictingthesurvivalofayoungpregnantwoman.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.theWilhelmGustlofftragedyisareasonablepricetopayforthenation’spastmisdeeds

B.GermanyisresponsibleforthehorriblecrimesitcommittedinWorldWarII

C.theywillbemisunderstoodiftheytalkabouttheWilhelmGustlofftragedy

D.itiswrongtoequatetheirsufferingswiththoseofothercountries

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位到文章第一段“Itwastheworsttragedyinmaritimehistory,sixtimesmoredeadlythantheTitanic.這是航海史上最嚴(yán)重的悲劇，導(dǎo)致的死亡人數(shù)比泰坦尼克號(hào)多6倍”?？芍x項(xiàng)B“造成的傷亡人數(shù)最多”為最佳答案。

2.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第一段第三句“Anicestormhadturnedthedecksintofrozensheetsthatsenthundredsoffamiliesslidingintotheseaastheshiptiltedandbegantogodown.一場(chǎng)冰雹將船的甲板變成冰板，同時(shí)導(dǎo)致船傾斜往下沉，數(shù)百家庭滑入大海中”，由此可知icestorm冰雹并不是船傾斜的原因，只是加劇更多人落水的推動(dòng)因素，題干中問(wèn)的when，是指“當(dāng)”，可以對(duì)應(yīng)到文中的as后面的內(nèi)容。故正確答案選A。

3.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位到第三段第二句“Byunreservedlyowninguptotheircountry’smonstrouscrimesintheSecondWorldWar,Germanshavemanagedtowinacceptanceabroad,marginalizetheneo-Nazisathomeandmakepeacewiththeirneighbors.通過(guò)完全接受承認(rèn)他們國(guó)家在二戰(zhàn)中犯下的滔天罪行，德國(guó)設(shè)法贏得其他國(guó)家的認(rèn)可，在國(guó)內(nèi)邊緣化新的納粹分子，并且與領(lǐng)國(guó)和平相處”，由此可知選項(xiàng)D符合文章的意思。其他選項(xiàng)都是細(xì)節(jié)性的描述。

4.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第二段第二句“…itsheroineisapregnantyoungwomanwhosurvivesthecatastrophe”可知在第二段中君特?格蘭斯有關(guān)海難的小說(shuō)作品中，描述了一位年輕的孕婦在海難中生還的過(guò)程。故正確答案選D。

5.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章最后一段倒數(shù)第二句“ButeventhemostpoliticallycorrectGermansbelievethattheyhavenowearnedtherighttodiscussthefullhistoricalrecord.但即使政治立場(chǎng)最正確的德國(guó)人也相信他們現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)有權(quán)利來(lái)討論整個(gè)歷史事件”，由這句話可知，德國(guó)人現(xiàn)在有權(quán)利討論歷史上的這次海難事件，而不用擔(dān)心因?yàn)樽陨碓趹?zhàn)中的歷史而受到非議。所以德國(guó)人也不用擔(dān)心因此被人誤解。故正確答案選C。選項(xiàng)B和D是杜撰出來(lái)的表達(dá)。選項(xiàng)A根據(jù)文章最后一段倒數(shù)第三句“…ahalfcenturyofwillfulforgettingaboutpainfulmemoriesliketheGermanTitanicwasperhapsareasonablepricetopay.”這里的“price代價(jià)”指代句子前面“willfulforgetting有意的遺忘”，故不符合題干的意思。

15.單選題

WhenSarahandI（

）

onanarticlefortheschoolnewspaper,wefounditdifficulttoworktogether.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.compiled

B.gathered

C.collaborated

D.collected

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)compile“編輯”；B選項(xiàng)gather“聚集、收集”；C選項(xiàng)collaborate“合作、協(xié)作”；D選項(xiàng)collect“收集、收藏”，從句中關(guān)鍵詞“worktogether一起工作”可聯(lián)系到collaborate“合作、協(xié)作”，句意為：當(dāng)莎拉和我為校報(bào)合作寫(xiě)一篇文章時(shí)，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)一起工作是很困難的。故正確答案選C。

16.單選題

Aftersomanyweekswithoutrain,thegroundquickly（

）thelittlerainthatfelllastnight.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.skipped

B.soaked

C.retrieved

D.absorbed

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)skip“跳躍、遺漏”；B選項(xiàng)soak“浸濕”；C選項(xiàng)retrieve“檢索、恢復(fù)”；D選項(xiàng)absorb“吸收、承受”，由題干可推測(cè)地面快速“吸收”雨水，句意為：這么多星期沒(méi)有下雨，地面很快吸收了昨晚的少量雨水。故正確答案選D。

17.單選題

Havingfinishedtheirmorningwork,theclerksstoodupbehindtheirdesks,（

）themselves.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.expanding

B.stretching

C.prolonging

D.extending

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)expand“擴(kuò)張，使膨脹”；B選項(xiàng)stretch“伸展，張開(kāi)”；C選項(xiàng)prolong“延長(zhǎng)，拖延（延長(zhǎng)時(shí)間）”；D選項(xiàng)extend“延伸，擴(kuò)大，推廣，伸出”。stretchoneself固定搭配的意思是“伸懶腰，伸展身體”，句意為：做完早上的工作后，職員們從桌子后面站起來(lái)，伸展伸展身體。故正確答案選B。

18.單選題

Weneedachairman（

）

.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.forwhomeveryonehasconfidence

B.inwhomeveryonehasconfidence

C.whoeveryonehasconfidenceof

D.whomeveryonehasconfidenceon

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)。本題考查的是定語(yǔ)從句的運(yùn)用。haveconfidenceinsb/sth對(duì)某人或某事有信心。根據(jù)句子意思排除選項(xiàng)A、C和D。另外，空格部分填入的定語(yǔ)從句中，關(guān)系代詞是充當(dāng)從句的賓語(yǔ)，所以用whom，句意為：我們需要一個(gè)人人都對(duì)他有信心的主席。所以選項(xiàng)B是正確答案。

19.單選題

Notonlytodaybutthroughouthistorythereasonsforforgettinghave（

）scientistsandphilosophers.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.fascinated

B.frustrated

C.frightened

D.flattered

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)fascinate“使著迷”；B選項(xiàng)frustrate“使沮喪”；C選項(xiàng)frighten“使驚嚇”；D選項(xiàng)flatter“使高興，諂媚”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“thereasonsforforgetting遺忘的原因”和“scientistsandphilosophers科學(xué)家和哲學(xué)家”，可知空格部分動(dòng)詞意思應(yīng)該為“使……感興趣”，句意為：不僅在今天，而且在整個(gè)歷史中，遺忘的原因一直吸引著科學(xué)家和哲學(xué)家。選項(xiàng)A正確。

20.單選題

GreatBritainusedtobecalledempireonwhichsunneversets.Butitsnavalforcewasalmost（

）duringtheattack.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.annihilated

B.prohibited

C.diminished

D.empowered

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)annihilate“徹底消滅”；B選項(xiàng)prohibit“阻止，禁止”；C選項(xiàng)diminish“減少，縮小”；D選項(xiàng)empower“使自主；授權(quán)”。填入一個(gè)過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，But表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，由關(guān)鍵信息navalforce“海軍力量”可知annihilate“徹底消滅”的過(guò)去分詞annihilated符合題意，句意為：英國(guó)曾經(jīng)被稱(chēng)作日不落帝國(guó)。但它的海軍力量幾乎在進(jìn)攻期間被徹底消滅。故答案選A。

21.單選題

Forhispoorjobachievements,hisbosscomplainedthathehadn’t（

）hisresponsibilities.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.livedupto

B.putupwith

C.lookedforwardto

D.goneinfor

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)liveupto“不辜負(fù)，做到”；B選項(xiàng)putupwith“忍受，容忍”；C選項(xiàng)lookforwardto“期望，期待”；D選項(xiàng)goinfor“參加，從事，追求”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“poorjobachievements差勁的工作表現(xiàn)”和“responsibilities職責(zé)”，可知空格單詞意思為“做到，完成”，句意為：對(duì)他差勁的工作表現(xiàn)，他的老板抱怨說(shuō)他沒(méi)有盡到職責(zé)。故和選項(xiàng)A意思接近。

22.單選題

Lookingatthephoto,itsuddenly（

）onhimthathehadmetthewantedmansomewhere.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.dawned

B.occurred

C.happened

D.known

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)dawn“破曉；出現(xiàn)；被領(lǐng)悟”；B選項(xiàng)occur“發(fā)生，出現(xiàn)”；C選項(xiàng)happen“發(fā)生，碰巧”；D選項(xiàng)know“了解，熟悉”。dawnonsb“（事物）變得令人明白”；occurtosb“（主意或想法突然）浮現(xiàn)于腦中，被想起，被想到”，句意為：看著照片，他突然想到，他在哪個(gè)地方遇到過(guò)這個(gè)通緝犯。故正確答案選A。

23.單選題

Somestudiesconfirmedthatthiskindofeyediseasewas（

）intropicalcountries.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.prospective

B.prevalent

C.provocative

D.perpetual

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)prospective“未來(lái)的、預(yù)期的”；B選項(xiàng)prevalent“流行的、普遍的”；C選項(xiàng)provocative“刺激的、挑撥的”；D選項(xiàng)perpetual“永久的、永遠(yuǎn)的”，從句中關(guān)鍵詞“eyedisease眼疾，tropicalcountries熱帶國(guó)家”可聯(lián)系到prevalent“流行的、普遍的”。句意為：一些研究證實(shí)這種眼疾在熱帶國(guó)家很普遍。故正確答案選B。

24.單選題

Mr.Taylorfeltvery（

）atthesuggestionthathehadstolenthecar.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.impatient

B.indigenous

C.intolerant

D.indignant

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查同形詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)impatient“不耐煩的”；B選項(xiàng)indigenous“本土的”；C選項(xiàng)intolerant“狹隘的”；D選項(xiàng)indignant“憤怒的”；根據(jù)題干“有人說(shuō)泰勒先生偷了那輛車(chē)”，可知泰勒先生會(huì)覺(jué)得indignant“憤怒的”。故正確答案選D。

25.單選題

Seventeenth-centuryhousesincolonialNorthAmericaweresimplestructuresthatwereprimarilyfunctionalcarryingovertraditionaldesignsthatwentbacktotheMiddleAges.Duringthefirsthalfoftheeighteenthcentury,however,housesbegantoshowanewelegance.Aswealthincrease,moreandmorecolonistsbuiltfinehouse.

Sincearchitecturewasnotyetaspecializedprofessioninthecolonies,thedesignofbuildingswaslefteithertoamateurdesignersortocarpenterswhoundertooktointerpretarchitecturalmanualsimportedfromEngland.Inventoriesofcoloniallibrariesshowanastonishingnumberofthesehandbooksforbuilders,andthehouseserectedduringtheeighteenthcenturyshowtheirinfluence.Nevertheless,mostdomesticarchitectureofthefirstthree-quartersoftheeighteenthcenturydisplaysawidedivergenceoftasteandfreedomofapplicationoftheruleslaiddowninthesebooks.

Increasingwealthandgrowingsophisticationthroughoutthecoloniesresultedinhousesofimproveddesign,whetherthematerialwaswood,stone,orbrick.NewEnglandstillfavoredwood,thoughbrickhousesbecamecommoninBostonandothertowns,wherethedangeroffiregaveanimpetustotheuseofmoredurablematerial.AfewhousesinNewEnglandwerebuiltofstone,butonlyinPennsylvaniaandadjacentareaswasstonewidelyusedindwellings.AnincreaseduseofbrickinhousedandoutbuildingsisnoticeableinVirginiaandMaryland,butwoodremainedthatmostpopularmaterialeveninhousesbuiltbywealthylandowners.IntheCarolinas,evenincloselypackedCharleston,woodenhousesweremuchmorecommonthanbrickhouse.

Eighteenth-centuryhousesshowedgreatinteriorimprovementsovertheirpredecessors.Windowsweremadelargerandshuttersremoved.Large,clearpanesreplacedthesmallleadedglassoftheseventeenthcentury.Doorwayswerelargerandmoredecorative.Fireplacesbecamedecorativefeaturesofrooms.Wallsweremadofplasterorwood,sometimeselaboratelypaneled.Whitepaintbegantotaketheplaceofblues,yellows,greens,andleadcolors,whichhadbeenpopularforwallsintheearlieryears.Afterabout1730,advertisementsforwallpaperstylesinscenicpatternsbegantoappearincolonialnewspapers.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Whatwasoneofthemainreasonsforthechangeinarchitecturalstyleineighteenth-centuryNorthAmerica?

3.Accordingtothepassage,whowasresponsiblefordesigninghousesineighteenth-centuryNorthAmerica?

4.Thepassageimpliesthattherulesoutlinedinarchitecturalmanualswere（

）.

5.Whatdoestheauthorimplyabouttheuseofwallpaperbefore1730?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theimproveddesignofeighteenth-centurycolonialhouses.

B.Acomparisonofeighteenth-centuryhousesandmodernhouses.

C.Thedecorationsusedineighteenth-centuryhouses.

D.Theroleofcarpentersinbuildingeighteenth-centuryhouses.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Morearchitectsarrivedinthecolonies.

B.Thecolonistsdevelopedaninterestinclassicalarchitecture.

C.Bricksweremorereadilyavailable.

D.Thecolonistshadmoremoneytospendonhousing.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Professionalarchitects

B.Customers

C.Interiordecorators

D.Carpenters

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.generallyignored

B.legallybinding

C.notstrictlyadheredto

D.onlyfollowedbyolderbuilders

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Wallpapersamplesappearedinthearchitecturalmanuals.

B.Wallpaperwasthesamecolorasthewallpaintsused.

C.Patternedwallpaperwasnotwidelyused.

D.Wallpaperwasnotusedinstonehouse.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】主旨大意題。定位到文章第一段中第二句“Duringthefirsthalfoftheeighteenthcentury,however,housesbegantoshowanewelegance.”這句轉(zhuǎn)折性的話語(yǔ)，提出了本文主要討論的問(wèn)題是“18世紀(jì)殖民地房屋設(shè)計(jì)的改進(jìn)”。故正確答案選A。

2.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第一段提到了北美房屋建筑在18世紀(jì)發(fā)生變化，根據(jù)第一段最后一句提到“Aswealthincrease,moreandmorecoloniesbuiltfinehouses隨著財(cái)富的增加，越來(lái)越多的殖民者建造比較精美的房屋”，由此可知，因?yàn)橹趁裾叩呢?cái)富增加，他們可以花更多的錢(qián)在建筑房屋上面，所以建筑風(fēng)格發(fā)生了一定的變化。故正確答案選D。

3.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第二段第一句“Sincearchitecturewasnotyetaspecializedprofessioninthecolonies,thedesignofbuildingswaslefteithertoamateurdesignersortocarpenterswhoundertooktointerpretarchitecturalmanualsimportedfromEngland.由于建筑在殖民地還不是一項(xiàng)專(zhuān)門(mén)的職業(yè)，房屋設(shè)計(jì)或者由業(yè)余設(shè)計(jì)師來(lái)做，或者由那些承擔(dān)從英國(guó)進(jìn)口的建筑手冊(cè)的翻譯任務(wù)的木匠來(lái)做?！庇纱丝芍?，18世紀(jì)的房屋設(shè)計(jì)主要由木匠來(lái)負(fù)責(zé)。選項(xiàng)D為正確答案。

4.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位到文章第二段最后一句話“Nevertheless,mostdomesticarchitectureofthefirstthree-quartersoftheeighteenthcenturydisplaysawidedivergenceoftasteandfreedomofapplicationoftheruleslaiddowninthesebooks.然而18世紀(jì)的70年代前大多數(shù)家庭建筑都展現(xiàn)了品味上廣泛的不同，以及這些書(shū)中的規(guī)則在運(yùn)用上的自由?！边@里的“thesebooks”指的就是本段第一句中的“architecturalmanuals建筑手冊(cè)”，由此可知，這些建筑手冊(cè)上的記載的規(guī)則并沒(méi)有被嚴(yán)格遵守，而是自由地運(yùn)用。故正確答案選C。

5.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位到文章第四段最后一句“Afterabout1730,advertisementsforwallpaperstylesinscenicpatternsbegantoappearincolonialnewspapers.大概在1730年后，殖民地報(bào)紙上開(kāi)始出現(xiàn)風(fēng)景畫(huà)形式的壁紙風(fēng)格廣告”，由此推斷，在此之前，風(fēng)景畫(huà)式的壁紙還沒(méi)有廣泛使用。故正確答案選C。

26.單選題

Tosurviveintheintensemarketcompetition,wemust（

）thequalitiesandvarietiesofproductswemaketotheworld-marketdemand.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.improve

B.gear

C.guarantee

D.enhance

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)improve“提高，改善”；B選項(xiàng)gear“適合；配合”；C選項(xiàng)guarantee“保證，擔(dān)?！?；D選項(xiàng)enhance“加強(qiáng)，提高”。gea