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住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-中南大學考試名師押題精選卷I(帶答案詳解)(圖片可根據(jù)實際調整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.翻譯題

ReadthefollowingshortparagraphcarefullyandthentranslateitintoEnglish.

情商(EmotionalQuotient,EQ)不是智商(IntellectualQuotient,IQ)的對立面,一些人有幸二者兼具且顯豐盛,一些人則每一樣都擁有很少。研究者們一直試圖理解的是他們如何互補:比如一個人對付壓力的能力如何影響其集中思想和發(fā)揮才智的能力。他們大多同意,在成功的要素中智商占有一定的比例,其余則取決于其他的因素,從人的社會地位到運氣甚至是人類進化數(shù)百萬年在其大腦中形成的神經(jīng)路徑。

【答案】EmotionalQuotient(EQ)isnottheoppositeofanIQ.Somepeopleareluckyenoughtohavebothoftheminabundance,whileothershaveverylittleofeach.Whatresearchershavebeentryingtounderstandishowtheycomplementeachother:Forexample,howaperson'sabilitytocopewithstressaffectstheirabilitytoconcentrateandusetheirminds.Mostagreethatintelligenceaccountsforacertainpercentageofsuccess,andtherestdependsonotherfactors,fromsocialstatustoluckandeventheneuralpathwaysthathumanshaveevolvedovermillionsofyearsintheirbrains.

2.單選題

Thespeciousargumentsusedbythe(

)werecertaintodeceivemanypeople.

問題1選項

A.candidate

B.politician

C.theologian

D.demagogue

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項candidate“候選人;應試者”;B選項politician“政客;政治家”;C選項theologian“神學者;空頭理論家”;D選項demagogue“煽動者;煽動政治家”。句意:······使用的似是而非的論據(jù)肯定會欺騙許多人。句中提到“似是而非的論據(jù)”,可知正確答案為C“空頭理論家”。

3.單選題

TheEnglishnovelistWilliamThackerayconsideredthecultofthecriminalsodangerousthathecriticizedDickens’OliverTwistformakingthecharactersinthethieves’kitchenso(

).

問題1選項

A.threatening

B.riveting

C.conniving

D.fearsome

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。threatening“危險的;脅迫的;兇兆的”;riveting“非常迷人的;吸引人的”;conniving“縱容的;默許的”;fearsome“可怕的;害怕的”。句意:英國小說家威廉?薩克雷認為對罪犯的狂熱崇拜是相當危險的,所以他批評狄更斯的《霧都孤兒》讓小偷廚房中的人物是如此吸引人。由consideredthecultofthecriminalsodangerous可知B項符合語境。正是由于作品中塑造的人物具有吸引力才讓人崇拜。

4.單選題

Waterleisurewearsuchassailingandscubadivingarealmostascriticaltotheisland’seconomyasis(

).

問題1選項

A.snorkeling

B.publichealth

C.privateenterprise

D.manufacturing

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。Snorkeling浮潛,潛水;publichealth公眾健康;privateenterprise私人企業(yè);manufacturing制造業(yè)。句意:水中休閑服,比如航海服和潛水服,就像制造業(yè)對島上經(jīng)濟的作用一樣重要。只有D項最符合題意。

5.單選題

You(

)theclasstotellmethat:youcouldhavecomeuptomeafterwards.

問題1選項

A.needn’thaveinterrupted

B.needn’ttobeinterrupted

C.needn’ttointerrupt

D.needn’tinterrupt

【答案】A

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。由youcouldhavecomeuptomeafterwards可知這里表示與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣,故空格處所填單詞表示的動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生了,A項表示已經(jīng)發(fā)生完成的動作。故A項符合題意。句意:你本可以課后再過來告訴我那件事情,不必在上課時打斷我。

6.單選題

EventhosewhodisagreedwithCarmen’sviewsrarelyfaultedherforexpressingthem,forthepositionsshetookwereas(

)astheywerecontroversial.

問題1選項

A.complicated

B.thoughtful

C.subjective

D.commonplace

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。complicated“難懂的,復雜的”;thoughtful“深思的;體貼的”;subjective“主觀的;自覺的”;commonplace“平凡的;普通的”。句意:即使是那些不同意卡門觀點的人,也很少指責她的表達,因為卡門所采取的立場如同有爭議那樣讓人深思。由controversial可知,既然該立場有爭議,所以引人深思。故B項符合題意。

7.單選題

AlthoughJohnson’sandSmith’sinitialfascinationwiththefortunesofthosejockeyingforpowerinthelawfirm(

)afterafewmonths,thetwopaidsufficientattentiontodeterminewhotheirlunchpartnersshouldbe.

問題1選項

A.revived

B.persisted

C.intensified

D.flagged

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。revive“復興;蘇醒”;persist“堅持”;intensify“增強,變激烈”;flag“減退”。句意:幾個月后,盡管Johnson和Smith對律師事務所中那些運用手段圖謀權力的人的最初著迷減退了,但是這兩個人對于確定誰應該是他們的午餐伙伴的問題上非常重視。由Although和initialfascination可知空格處所填單詞應與initialfascination形成對比,故D項“減退”正確。

8.單選題

FollowingtheguidelinesforspeakingandvotingestablishedbythebookRobert'sRulesofOrder,(

)duringthemeeting.

問題1選項

A.andavoidlargedecision-makingorganizations’proceduralcanfusion

B.largedecision-makingorganizationsavoidproceduralconfusion

C.isproceduralconfusionavoidedbylargedecision-makingorganizations

D.areavoidingproceduralconfusioninlargedecision-makingorganizations

【答案】B

【解析】考查主謂結構。題干主語為Followingtheguidelines,其后的forspeakingandvotingestablishedbythebookRobert'sRulesofOrder是后置定語。句意:遵循羅伯特的《議事規(guī)則》這本書里的指導方針,大型決策機構可以避免會議中的程序混亂。C項意思不符,D項主謂不一致,A項結構不對,故答案為B。

9.單選題

Publicdebatearoundclimatechangeanditseffectsonagriculturetendstofocusonthelarge-scaleindustrialfarmsoftheNorth.Farmerswhoworkonasmallscaleandusetraditionalmethodshavelargelybeenignored.However,astheworldslowlycomestotermswiththethreatofclimatechange,Nativefarmingtraditionswillwarrantgreaterattention.

Intheindustrialmodelofagriculture,oneortwocropvarietiesaregrownovervastareas.Insteadoftryingtouselocalresourcesofsoilandwateroptimallyandsustainably,thenaturalenvironmentisallbutignoredanduniformgrowingconditionsarefabricatedthroughlarge-scaleirrigationandtheintensiveuseofartificialfertilizersandpesticides.Forexample,ahandfulofbasicallysimilarpotatovarieties,allofwhichrequirenearlyidenticalsoilconditions,temperature,rainfall,andgrowingseasons,accountforalmostallglobalproduction.Whentheseglobalcropsarenolongersuitedtotheenvironmentinwhichtheyaregrown,whentheirresistancetodiseaseandpestsbeginstofail,ortheclimateitselfchanges,thebestwaytorejuvenatethebreedingstockwillbetointroducenewgeneticmaterialfromthevastdiversityofcropvarietiesstillmaintainedbyindigenouspeoples.

Incontrasttotheindustrialmodel,AndeanpotatoesandotherAndeancropssuchassquashandbeansgrownbyQuechuanfarmersexhibitextraordinarygeneticdiversity,drivenbytheneedtoadaptcropstotheextraordinaryclimaticdiversityoftheregion.Alongthetwoaxesoflatitudeandaltitude,theAndesencompassesfullytwo-thirdsofallpossiblecombinationsofclimateandgeographyfoundonEarth.TheAndeanpotatohasbeenadaptedtoeveryenvironmentexceptthedepthoftherainforestorthefrozenpeaksofthemountains.Today,facingthelikelihoodofmajordisruptionstotheclimaticconditionsforagricultureworldwide,indigenousfarmersprovideadramaticexampleofcropadaptationinanincreasinglyextremeenvironment.Moreimportantly,Nativefarmershavealsosafeguardedthecropdiversityessentialforthefutureadaptations.

1.Inthesecondparagraph,theinformationaboutpotato-growingpracticesintheindustrialmodelofagricultureservesto(

).

2.ThepassagestatesthatwhichofthefollowingistrueofthesmallnumberofpotatovarietiesthataccountformostofthepotatoesproducedonEarthcurrently?

3.Whatisthemainideaofthefirstparagraph?

問題1選項

A.giveanexampleofapotentialproblemthatNativefarmingpracticescouldhelptoalleviate.

B.showthelikelyglobalconsequencesofapossiblefoodshortagecausedbyindustrialfarmingpractices.

C.showhowpestsanddiseasearelesseffectivelyresistedbycropsgrownintheindustrialfarmingmodel.

D.giveanexampleofhowpublicdebatehashadlittleeffectontheagriculturalpracticesoftheNorth.

問題2選項

A.TheyaregrownintheAndeanregion.

B.Theyallrequireverysimilarsoilandclimateconditions.

C.Theymakeoptimaluseofavailablesoilandwaterresources.

D.Theyarebasedongeneticmaterialfromcropsdevelopedbyindigenouspeoples.

問題3選項

A.AttentiontoNativefarmingpracticeswillleadtogreaterawarenessofthethreatofclimatechange.

B.Popularityofsmall-scalefarmingintheNorthwillleadtogreaterattentiontoNativefanningpractices.

C.Despitepotentialclimatechange,publicdebatewillhavelittleeffectonindustrialfarmingpractices.

D.ItwillbeworthwhiletoincludeagreaterfocusonNativefarmingpracticesinpublicdiscussionsconcerningthethreatofclimatechange.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:D

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。在舉例之前,文中提到“Intheindustrialmodelofagriculture,oneortwocropvarietiesaregrownovervastareas.Insteadoftryingtouselocalresourcesofsoilandwateroptimallyandsustainably,thenaturalenvironmentisallbutignoredanduniformgrowingconditionsarefabricatedthroughlarge-scaleirrigationandtheintensiveuseofartificialfertilizersandpesticides.在農(nóng)業(yè)的工業(yè)模式中,一到兩種作物品種生長在廣闊的地區(qū)。不是試圖以最佳和可持續(xù)的方式利用當?shù)氐耐寥篮退Y源,自然環(huán)境幾乎被忽視,通過大規(guī)模灌溉和大量使用人工化肥和殺蟲劑來創(chuàng)造統(tǒng)一的生長條件?!笨芍r(nóng)民忽略自然條件,應該重視自然條件來解決潛在問題。A項“一個例子,說明當?shù)剞r(nóng)業(yè)實踐可能有助于緩解的一個潛在問題。”故A項正確。

2.細節(jié)事實題。定位到第二段中“ahandfulofbasicallysimilarpotatovarieties,allofwhichrequirenearlyidenticalsoilconditions,temperature,rainfall,andgrowingseasons,accountforalmostallglobalproduction少數(shù)幾個基本相似的馬鈴薯品種都需要幾乎相同的土壤條件、溫度、降雨和生長季節(jié),幾乎占全球產(chǎn)量的全部”??梢钥闯?,土豆生長都需要相同的土壤條件和氣候條件,通過排除法,可知答案選擇B。

3.主旨大意題。定位到第一段末尾“However,astheworldslowlycomestotermswiththethreatofclimatechange,nativefarmingtraditionswillwarrantgreaterattention.然而,隨著世界逐漸接受氣候變化的威脅,當?shù)氐霓r(nóng)業(yè)傳統(tǒng)將值得更多的關注?!笨芍狣項“在有關氣候變化威脅的公開討論中,更關注本土農(nóng)業(yè)做法將是值得的。”正確。

10.翻譯題

ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintoChinese.

What’sthebestteacher?Experience,ofcourse!It’spriceless.

Itcomesfromwhatyouyourselfhaveseen,heard,tasted,smelledandfelt—whatyouyourselfhavelivedthrough.

Takeacloserlook.Lookatourlimitations.

Nowonderexperienceissopreciousinthatwecan’tbegintogetenoughofit,evencannotexperienceagainwhatwejustlivedthrough.We’renotbornwithinstantreplay.Wecan’tactuallyreliveanymoment.And,obviously,we’relimitedtoonelifetime.

Spaceandtime!Howtheylimitus.Whohasatimemachinetocarryhimbackintohistory?Noone.It’sthesamewithspace.

Wecan’tliterallybeintwoplacesatthesametime.Rightnow,youcan’tbesittingwhereyouareandatthesametimebestrollingdownthefamedChampsElyseesinParis(巴黎香榭麗舍大道).

Andthere’ssomuchexperienceweneed.What’sitreallyliketoworkonanassemblyline?What’sitreallyliketobeasecretary?

Here’swherereadingfits.

Itcanbringus,personally,almostunlimitedadditionalexperience;tobesure,it’ssecondhandexperience.Butit’softenso,vividitseemsfirsthand,justasifwe’relivingthroughitourselves,beingmovedtotears,laughterorsuspense.Thatrichrangeofexperienceprovidestheidealsupplementtoourownlimitedexperience;bydoingso,readingbecomesoneofourmostprofoundmind-shapingactivities.

Furthermore,allthisexperienceisavailablewhenwewantit.Booksneverimposeonus.Whenwewantthem,wereachoutandpullthemofftheshellortable.Atourconvenienceweinvitethemtosharetheirunbelievablewealthwithus.

【答案】它(經(jīng)驗)來自于你自己的經(jīng)歷,自己看到、聽到、嘗到、聞到和感覺到的東西。

由于我們無法在一開始得到足夠的經(jīng)驗,甚至不能再次經(jīng)歷剛經(jīng)歷過的事情,使得經(jīng)驗如此寶貴。

我們不能同時出現(xiàn)在兩個地方。現(xiàn)在,你不可能坐在你現(xiàn)在的位置,且同時漫步在巴黎著名的香榭麗舍大街上。

它能給我們個人帶來幾乎無限的額外經(jīng)驗;當然,這是間接的經(jīng)驗。

豐富的經(jīng)驗為我們有限的經(jīng)驗提供了理想的補給;通過這樣做,閱讀成為我們最深刻的思想塑造活動之一。

11.單選題

Beforeabout1960,virtuallyallaccountsofevolutionassumedmostadaptationtobeaproductofselectionatthelevelofpopulations;recentstudiesofevolution,however,havefoundnobasisforthis(

)viewofselection.

問題1選項

A.controversial

B.pervasive

C.unchallenged

D.renowned

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項controversial“有爭議的”;B選項pervasive“普遍的;到處滲透的”;C選項unchallenged“不成問題的;未引起爭論的”;D選項renowned“著名的;有聲望的”。句意:大約在1960年以前,幾乎所有的進化理論都認為適應性是種群水平上的選擇的結果;然而,對于這種······的選擇觀點,進化論的最新研究卻沒有找到任何依據(jù)。前部分提到“幾乎所有進化理論都認為······”,可知這種觀點是“普遍的”,B選項正確。

12.單選題

)atamusicstorewasoneofLilArmstrong’sfirstprofessionaljobsasayoungpianistwhenshecametoChicagoin1917.

問題1選項

A.Demonstrationtunes

B.Demonstratingtunes

C.Demonstratetunes

D.Tunesthatdemonstrated

【答案】B

【解析】考查句子結構。句意:LilArmstrong1917年來到芝加哥時,作為年輕的鋼琴家的第一份專業(yè)工作是在音樂商店里演奏曲調??崭裉幩顔卧~與后面部分一起構成名詞短語做整個句子的主語。C項demonstrate是動詞,不能做主語。A、D兩項中tunes是復數(shù),而謂語動詞是was,故排除。

13.單選題

Thelate-summerwatersofthenorthernshorewere(

)chillyforthevacationerwhoadoredswimming.

問題1選項

A.seasonally

B.wonderfully

C.disappointingly

D.realistically

【答案】C

【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。seasonally“周期性地”;wonderfully“精彩地;極好地”;disappointingly“令人失望地”;realistically“現(xiàn)實地;逼真地”。句意:對喜歡游泳的度假者來說,北方海岸夏末的海水令人失望,因為那里很寒冷。由“chilly”可知寒冷的海水并不適合游泳,故C項“令人失望地”符合語境,C項正確。

14.單選題

Thetwopaintingsbythegreatartistembodythe(

)styleofthetimesandtheimpulsesthatwouldtransformChinesecontemporaryart.

問題1選項

A.iconoclastic

B.heterodoxy

C.recluse

D.phantasmal

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞和形容詞詞義辨析。iconoclastic打破舊習的;偶像破壞的;heterodoxy異端,異端邪說;recluse隱居的;phantasmal幻影的;幽靈的;空想的。句意:這位偉大的藝術家所作的這兩幅畫體現(xiàn)了這個時代(

)風格和將徹底改變中國當代藝術的沖動。由theimpulsesthatwouldtransformChinesecontemporaryart.這句中的transformChinesecontemporaryart“徹底改變中國當代藝術”可知空格處所填單詞應具有打破舊習的意思,故答案為A。

15.單選題

Someworksofliteratureholdone’sinterestintheverylastpage,butothersservesonlyasa(

),tobekepthandilyatabedsidetable.

問題1選項

A.reminder

B.reference

C.decoration

D.soporific

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。reminder提醒者;reference參考書,參考文獻;decoration裝飾;soporific催眠劑。句意:有些文學作品自始至終都十分吸引人,但有些文學作品只起參考書的作用,為了方便查閱而放在床邊小茶幾上。由but及空格后的內容可知B項符合句意。

16.單選題

Whereashistoriansoncemaintainedthatscienceis(

)otherenterprises,theyhavecometorealizethatscienceisactuallyintertwinedwiththevalues,socialassumptions,andintellectualtraditionsofaparticularhistoricalperiod.

問題1選項

A.dependenton

B.tantamountto

C.ancillaryto

D.distinctfrom

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞詞組辨析。dependenton依賴于;ancillaryto從屬的,附屬的。tantamountto等的,相當于。distinctfrom與······不同。句意:歷史學家曾經(jīng)堅持科學是不同于其他事業(yè)的,然而,他們開始認識到科學是和價值觀、社會假設,以及一個特定歷史時期的智慧傳統(tǒng)聯(lián)系在一起的。由后文中的isactuallyintertwinedwith可知空格處與這個意思相反,故答案D。

17.單選題

Iwasgladwhensomebodytoldme,“YoumaygoandcollectNegrofolklore.”Inaway,itwouldnotbeanew(1)forme.WhenIpitchedheadforemostintothe

(2)

IlandedinthecribofNegroism.Itwas

(3)melikeatightchemise.Icouldn'tseeitfor

(4)

it.ItwasonlywhenIwasoffincollege,awayfrommynativesurroundingsthatIcould

(5)offandlookatmygarment.ThenIhadtohavethespy-glassofanthropologyto

(6)

.

IwasaskedwhereI

(7)

toworkandIsaid,“l(fā)orida.It’saplacethat

(8)

people——Negroesfrom

(9)

SouthernstateandsomefromtheNorthandWest.”

(10)

Iknewthatitwaspossibleformetogeta

(11)sectionoftheNegroSouthinonestate.AndthenI

(12)

thatIfeltnewmyself,soitlooked

(13)

formetochoosefamiliarground.

IstartedinEatonville,Florida,

(14)

Iknewthatthetownwasfullof

(15)

andthatIcouldgetitwithoutcausinganyhurtorharm.AsearlyasIcouldremember,itwasthehabitofthemenparticularlyto

(16)

onthestoreporchintheeveningsandswapstories.Eventhewomenwouldstopandbreaka

(17)

withthemattimes.AsachildwhenIwassentdowntothestore,I'ddragoutmyleavingtohearmore.

Folkloreisnotaseasyto

(18)

asitsounds.Theidealsourceiswheretherearethefewestoutside

(19)

,butthesepeoplearereluctantattimestorevealthatwhichthesoullivesby.IknewthatevenIwouldhavesome

(20)

amongstrangers.ButhereinEatonvilleIkneweverybodywasgoingtohelpme.

問題1選項

A.investigation

B.prospect

C.field

D.experience

問題2選項

A.earth

B.world

C.sphere

D.category

問題3選項

A.fitting

B.counterfeit

C.correction

D.correlation

問題4選項

A.wearing

B.worn

C.wear

D.takingoff

問題5選項

A.counterpart

B.point

C.stand

D.partner

問題6選項

A.lookinto

B.lookahead

C.lookwith

D.lookthrough

問題7選項

A.attempted

B.wanted

C.desired

D.wished

問題8選項

A.draws

B.disrespects

C.matches

D.gathers

問題9選項

A.every

B.some

C.several

D.quitemany

問題10選項

A.Hereto

B.Hence

C.Thus

D.So

問題11選項

A.around

B.cross

C.about

D.above

問題12選項

A.practiced

B.realized

C.trained

D.operated

問題13選項

A.sensible

B.managed

C.trained

D.suggest

問題14選項

A.since

B.whereas

C.beneath

D.because

問題15選項

A.material

B.matter

C.substance

D.object

問題16選項

A.manage

B.sumup

C.reserve

D.gather

問題17選項

A.breath

B.swallow

C.breadth

D.behind

問題18選項

A.survey

B.collect

C.collaboration

D.alteration

問題19選項

A.hinds

B.effects

C.impacts

D.influences

問題20選項

A.hindrance

B.speed

C.drive

D.holdon

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:C

第6題:D

第7題:C

第8題:A

第9題:A

第10題:D

第11題:B

第12題:B

第13題:A

第14題:D

第15題:A

第16題:D

第17題:A

第18題:B

第19題:D

第20題:A

【解析】(1)考查名詞詞義辨析。investigation調查;prospect前途,前景;field領域;experience經(jīng)歷。由collectNegrofolklore可知這是一種經(jīng)歷。故答案為D。

(2)考查名詞詞義辨析。earth地球;sphere范圍,球體;category種類,分類;world領域,世界。此處意為:研究關于黑人這個領域的東西,所以空格處應填B項。

(3)考查名詞詞義辨析。由likeatightchemise:如同一件緊身衣一樣可知這個領域對我來說是合適的。counterfeit假冒的;correction改正,修正;correlation相關,關聯(lián)。答案A。

(4)考查詞義及詞組辨析。上一句提到緊身衣,衣服是用來穿的,而不是用來看的。可以得出A項正確。答案A。

(5)考查固定搭配。standoff遠離;counterpart副本,配對物;pointoff給······加小數(shù)點;partneroff使成為一對。只有C項符合語義。答案C。

(6)考查詞組辨析。lookinto調查,窺視;lookahead預測未來;lookthrough瀏覽,仔細觀看。由spy-glass可知它是用來觀察事物的,所以答案為D。

(7)考查動詞詞義辨析。desire強調主觀愿望,想盡力去實現(xiàn)的愿望。wish一般用于難以實現(xiàn)或不可能實現(xiàn)的愿望,后面常接虛擬語氣。want想······比較口語化,沒有wish那樣正式。attempt嘗試。所以只有C項最符合題意。答案C。

(8)考查固定搭配。draw..from從······中得到,從······提取disrespect無禮,失禮match和······相配gather聚集。答案A。

(9)固定搭配。句中state用的是單數(shù)形式,所以要用表示單數(shù)意義的詞來修飾,故A項正確,答案A。

(10)考查連詞詞義辨析。開頭兩句相當于在說明原因,接下來的內容就是結果,所以選擇D。hereto到此為止。答案D。

(11)考查名詞和介詞詞義辨析。由第二段前兩句可知佛羅里達是一個吸引來自南北部及西部黑人的地方,所以作者也覺得自己處于一個交叉區(qū)域。答案B。

(12)考查動詞詞義辨析。因為對黑人有一定的了解,意識到自己是個全新的自己。答案B。

(13)考查形容詞及動詞詞義辨析。感覺到自己的思想已經(jīng)進步了,就應當做出明智的選擇,選擇自己熟悉的地方。sensible明智的;managed托管的;trained訓練過的;suggest提議。答案A。

(14)考查連詞辨析。because語氣最強,表示直接原因;since由于,自······以來,是對已知的事實提供理由,而不是表示直接原因。whereas然而,但是。beneath在······之下,在下方。這里是說作者為什么選擇佛羅里達州,故答案為D。

(15)考查名詞詞義辨析。material材料,原料matter物質,事件substance特質,實質object目標,物體空格處是說佛羅里達有很多原料。答案A。

(16)考查動詞及詞組辨析。manage管理;sumup總結;reserve儲備;gatheron聚集。根據(jù)句意可知晚上人們會聚集到走廊。答案D。

(17)考查固定搭配。breakabreath休息,喘口氣。答案A。

(18)考查名詞及動詞詞義辨析。本句意為:民間傳說并不像聽起來那么容易收集。民間傳說一般都是分散的,所以答案為B。

(19)考查形容詞及名詞詞義辨析。由這句話的意思“理想的民間傳說來源那些對外___很小的,但這些人有時不愿透露靈魂賴以生存的東西。”由此可推知這些傳說的作用/影響力很小。答案D。

(20)考查名詞及詞組辨析。由最后一句話“ButhereinEatonvilleIkneweverybodywasgoingtohelpme.”可知以前作者對陌生人有偏見。答案A。

18.寫作題

Writeanessayofabout300wordsonthetopic''PersonalQualitiesandValuesinMyViewaccordingtotheideagivenbelowandoutlineedinChinese.

一個人的素養(yǎng)和價值是人生奮斗中發(fā)展和積累起來的一對因子。前者決定著你融入社會的個體形態(tài):諸如品行、學識、待人和處世的品味和方式;價值取決于你對社會產(chǎn)生的影響和貢獻,有隱性的受人尊重和愛戴,有顯性的成就和地位。請你從自己的感受和體驗談談你對這對人生因子的評價和想法,也設想一下四十年后你會對自己的評價和總結。

【答案】

略19.單選題

Paleontologists’assumptionsabouttheequablenatureoftheclimateontheprimevalislandofPangaeaare(

)computersimulationsindicatingthattheisland’stemperaturestendedtofluctuateduringthecourseofayear.

問題1選項

A.underminedby

B.bolsteredby

C.bolsteredby

D.challengedby

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞詞組辨析。underminedby被推翻。bolster支持,支撐。confirm確認,確定。challenge挑戰(zhàn)。句意:古生物學家認定泛大陸早期島嶼的氣候是恒定的,而計算機模擬表明島上的溫度整年都處于變化中。這結果推翻了之前的認定。根據(jù)句意可知A項符合題意。

20.單選題

It’sthebrinybrothofourorigins,thepoundingcirculatorysystemoftheworld,a(

)molecularedgeonwhichwesurvive.

問題1選項

A.integrated

B.precarious

C.solid

D.collided

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。integrated綜合的,完整的;precarious不穩(wěn)定的,危險的;solid結實的;collided碰撞的。句意:生命起源于海洋,海洋是地球循環(huán)系統(tǒng)的關鍵一環(huán),這些不穩(wěn)定的小分子是我們生存的基礎。根據(jù)句意可知B項符合題意。

21.寫作題

Writeanessayofabout300wordsonthetopic“LearningandStudyingasISeeIt”accordingtotheideagivenbelowandoutlinedinChinese.

求知和探究被古人認為是人生中步履荊棘的歷程。王國維先生就有著做學問的三大境界,其一曰“昨夜西風凋碧樹,獨上高樓,望盡天涯路”;其二曰“衣帶漸寬終不悔,為伊消得人憔悴”;最后才會“眾里尋他千百度,驀然回首,那人卻在燈火闌珊處”。請結合自己求學的經(jīng)歷或體會,分析你對這個命題的理解和看法。

【答案】略

22.單選題

Johnsonneverscrupledtoignorethestandardsofdecentconductmandatedbycompanypolicyif(

)compliancewithinstructionsfromhissuperiorsenabledhimtodoso,whatevertheeffectsonhissubordinates.

問題1選項

A.deigned

B.feigned

C.literal

D.halfhearted

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞和形容詞詞義辨析。deign賜予;feign假裝;裝作;捏造;想象;literal文字的;字面上的;halfhearted不認真的;不熱心的;無興趣的。句意:如果在字面上對上司指令的服從讓自己能夠去忽視公司政策所頒布的得體的行為標準,那么不論對下屬有什么樣的影響,John都會從未有所顧忌地去這樣做。由Johnsonneverscrupledtoignore…與compliancewithinstructionsfromhissuperiorsenabledhimtodoso可知“字面上的”符合。

23.單選題

Britain’spressisunusual(

)itisdividedintotwoverydifferenttypesofnewspapers:thequalitypressandpopularpress.

問題1選項

A.inhow

B.inthat

C.inwhat

D.inwhich

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。句意:英國的報紙的不同尋常之處在于:它被分為了兩個完全不同的部分即高質量的報紙和普通受歡迎的報紙。前后部分是因果關系,inthat在于······故B項符合題意。

24.單選題

Forpeoplewithdisabilitiesrecentimprovementshavemadethetheatrefully(

)bywheel-chair.

問題1選項

A.accessible

B.available

C.pertinent

D.transparent

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項accessible“易接近的;可進入的”;B選項available“可獲得的;有空的”;C選項pertinent“恰當?shù)?;切題的”;D選項transparent“透明的;顯然的”。句意:對于殘疾人來說,最近的改進使劇院完全可以由輪椅······。此處涉及“劇院”和“輪椅”,顯然A選項符合邏輯。

25.單選題

Alittlemorethanacenturyago,MichaelFaraday,thenotedBritishphysicist,managedtogainaudiencewithagroupofhighgovernmentofficials,todemonstrateanelectrochemicalprinciple,inthehopeofgainingsupportforhiswork.

Afterobservingthedemonstrationclosely,oneoftheofficialsremarkedbluntly“It’safascinatingdemonstration,youngman,butjustwhatpracticalapplicationwillcomeofthis?”

“Idon’tknow,”repliedFaraday,“butIdoknowthat100yearsfromnowyou’llbetaxingthem”.

Fromthedemonstrationofaprincipletothemarketingofproductsderivedfromthatprincipleisoftenalong,involvedseriesofsteps.Thespeedandeffectivenesswithwhichthesestepsaretakenarecloselyrelatedtothehistoryofmanagement,theartofgettingthingsdone.JustasmanagementappliestothewondersthathaveevolvedfromFaradayandotherinventors,soitappliedsome4,000yearsagototheworkingsofthegreatEgyptianandMesopotamianimportandexportfirms,toHannibal’sremarkablefeatofcrossingtheAlpsin218B.C,with90,000footsoldiers,12,000horsemenanda“conveyorbelt”of40elephantsortotheearlyChristianChurch,withitsworld-shakingconceptsofindividualfreedomandequality.

Theseancientinnovatorsweredeeplyinvolvedintheproblemsofauthority,divisionoflabor,discipline,unityofcommand,clarityofdirectionandtheotherbasicfactorsthataresomeaningfultomanagementtoday.ButtherealimpetustomanagementasanemerginprofessionwastheIndustrialRevolution.Originatingin18th-centuryEngland,itwastriggeredbyaseriesofclassicinventionsandnewprocesses;amongthemJohnKay’sFlyingShuttlein1733,JamesHargreaves’SpinningJennyin1770,SamuelCrompton’sMuleSpinnerin1779andEdmundCartwright’sPowerLoomin1785.

1.TheanecdoteaboutMichaelFaradayindicatesthat(

).

2.Accordingtothepassage,managementisdefinedas

).

3.Inthepassagewecanseethatmanagementcameintoitsown(

).

問題1選項

A.politicianstaxeverything

B.peopleareskepticalaboutthevalueofpureresearch

C.taxesareuppermostinscientists’minds

D.hewasrejectedbyhisgovernment

問題2選項

A.accomplishingwonders

B.thecreatoroftheIndustrialRevolution

C.theartofgettingthingsdone

D.supervisingsubordinates

問題3選項

A.intheEgyptianandMesopotamianimportandexportfirms

B.inthedevelopmentoftheearlyChristianChurch

C.atthetimeofMichaelFaraday

D.intheeighteenthcentury

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

【解析】1.判斷推理題。定位到第二段中“It’safascinatingdemonstration,youngman,butjustwhatpracticalapplicationwillcomeofthis?年輕人,這是一個令人著迷的演示,但它究竟會產(chǎn)生什么實際應用呢?”可知B項“人們對純研究的價值持懷疑態(tài)度”正確。

2.判斷推理題。定位第四段中“Thespeedandeffectivenesswithwhichthesestepsaretakenarecloselyrelatedtothehistoryofmanagement,theartofgettingthingsdone.采取這些步驟的速度和效率與管理的歷史即完成工作的藝術密切相關。”可知C項“完成工作的藝術”正確。

3.細節(jié)事實題。定位到最后一段中“Originatingin18th-centuryEngland,itwastriggeredbyaseriesofclassicinventionsandnewprocesses它起源于18世紀的英國,由一系列經(jīng)典的發(fā)明和新工藝引發(fā)?!笨芍狣項正確。

26.單選題

AsbefitsanationmadeupofimmigrantsfromallovertheChristianworld,AmericanshavenodistinctiveChristmassymbols;butwehavetakenthesymbolsofallthenationsandmadethemourown.TheChristmastree,thehollyandtheivy,themistletoe,theexchangeofgifts,themythofSantaClaus,andthecarolsofallnations,theplumpuddingandthewassailbowlareallelementsintheAmericanChristmasofthemid-twentiethcentury.ThoughwehavenoChristmassymbolsofourown,theAmericanChristmasstillhasadistinctiveaurabyvirtueoftwocharacteristicelements.

Thefirstoftheseisthat,asmightbeexpectedinanationasdedicatedtothecarryingonofbusinessastheAmericannation,thedominantroleoftheChristmasfestivitieshasbecometoserveasastimulustoretailbusiness.ThethemesofChristmasadvertisingbegintoappearasearlyasSeptember,andtheopenseasononChristmasshoppingbeginsinNovember.Fiftyyearsago,ThanksgivingDaywasregardedastheopeningdayoftheseasonforChristmasshopping;today,theseasonopensimmediatelyafterHalloween.Thus,virtuallyawholemonthhasbeenaddedtotheChristmasseason-forshoppingpurposes.

Second,theChristmasseasonoffestivitieshasinsensiblycombinedwiththeNewYear’scelebrationintoonelengthenedperiodofSaturnalia.Thisstartswiththe“officeparties”afewdaysbeforeChristmas,continuesonChristmasEve,nowtheoccasioninAmericaofoneoftwolarge-scalerevelsthatmarktheseason-savethattheChristmasEverevelsareoftenpunctuatedbyavisittooneofthelargerchurchesformidnightMass,whichhasincreasinglytendedtobecomeblendedintoapartoftheentertainmentaspectoftheseason-andcontinuesinspiritedeuphoriauntilNewYear’sEve,thesecondofthelarge-scalerevels.NewYear'sDayisspentresting,possiblyregrettingone’sexcesses,watchingafootball“bowl”game,andindulginginthelenitiveofone'schoice.January2marks,formost,thereturntotemperanceanddecorumandbusinessasusual.

1.Theauthor’sattitudetowardthemannerinwhichChristmasiscelebratedintheUnitedStatesisoneof(

).

2.Whichofthefollowingwouldbemostinaccordwiththemainideasofthepassage?

3.WhatwouldtheauthorofthepassagelikelysaybywayofanalysisoftheuseofChristmascardsbyAmericanstocelebrateChristmas?

4.Whichofthefollowingcanbestbeinferredfromthepassage?

問題1選項

A.greatdisapproval

B.humorousconfusion

C.laudatoryacclaim

D.objectiveanalysis

問題2選項

A.InPuritanMassachusettsBayColony,itwasacrime,punishablebythestocks,tofailtoobserveChristmas.

B.ChristmascustomsinEuropeandAmericathatareassociatedwiththeFeastoftheNativitywerenotoriginallyChristian.

C.RudolphtheRed-nosedReindeerhasbecomeatraditionalaspectofChristmas,yetwascreatedonlyafewyearsagobycommercialinterests.

D.Inwidelyseparatedareasoftheworld,religiousobservancestendtoclusteraroundstrikingnaturalphenomena.

問題3選項

A.ThesendingoflargenumbersofexpensivecardsislargelyanextensionofthebusinessaspectoftheAmericanChristmascelebration.

B.Thereachingouttomanyfriends,bothcloseandfar,throughthecards,isanextensionofthefestivespiritoftheAmericanChristmascelebration.

C.ThemultiplicityofcardsandformsisareflectionoftheveryheterogeneousviewsofAmericansonthece

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