2022年考研考博-考博英語-中南大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號71

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-中南大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實際調(diào)整大小）題型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

IpassedalltheothercoursesthatItookatmyuniversity,butIcouldhaveneverpassedbotany.Thiswasbecauseallbotanystudentshadtospendseveralhoursaweekinalaboratorylookingthroughamicroscopeatplantcells,andIcouldneveronceseeacellthroughamicroscope.Thisusedtoenragemyinstructor.Hewouldwanderaroundthelaboratorypleasedwiththeprogressallthestudentsweremakingindrawingthestructureofflowercells,untilhecametome.Iwouldjustbestandingthere.“Ican’tseeanything”Iwouldsay.Hewouldbeginpatientlyenough,explaininghowanybodycanseethroughamicroscope,buthewouldalwaysendupinafury,claimingthatIcould,too,seethroughamicroscopebutjustpretendedthatIcouldn’t.“Ittakesawayfromthebeautyofflowersanyway.”Iusedtotellhim.“Wearenotconcernedwithbeautyinthiscourse，”hewouldsay.“WeareconcernedsolelywithwhatImaycallthemechanicsofflowers.”“Well,”I’dsay,“Ican’tseeanything”“Tryitjustonceagain,”he’dsay,andIwouldputmyeyetothemicroscopeandseenothingatall,exceptnowandagainanebulousmilkysubstance—aphenomenonofmaladjustment.Youweresupposedtoseeavivid,restlessclockworkofsharplydefinedplantcells.“Iseewhatlookslikealotofmilk，”Iwouldtellhim.This,heclaimed,wastheresultofmynothavingadjustedthemicroscopeproperly,sohewouldreadjustitforme,orrather,forhimself.AndIwouldlookagainandseemilk.

Ifinallytookadeferredpass,astheycalledit,andwaitedayearandtriedagain.(Youhadtopassoneofthebiologicalsciencesoryoucouldn’tgraduate.)Theprofessorhadcomebackfromvacationbrownasaberry,bright-eyedandeagertoexplaincell-structureagaintohisclasses.“Well,”Hesaidtome,cheerily,whenwemetinthefirstlaboratoryhourofthesemester,“We’regoingtoseecellsthistime,aren’twe?”“Yes,sir，’’Isaid.Studentstotherightofmeandtotheleftofmeandinfrontofmewereseeingcells;what’smore,theywerequietlydrawingpicturesofthemintheirnotebooks,Ofcourse,Ididn’tseeanything.

“We’lltryit,theprofessorsaidtomegrimly,“witheveryadjustmentofthemicroscopeknowntoman.AsGodismywitness.I’llarrangethisglasssothatyouseecellsthroughitorI’llgiveupteaching.Intwenty-twoyearsofbotany,I···”Hecutoffabruptlyforhewasbeginningtoquiverallover,likeLionelBarrymore,andhegenuinelywishedtoholdontohistemper;hissceneswithmehadtakenagreatdealoutofhim.

So,wetrieditwitheveryadjustmentofthemicroscopeknowntoman.Withonlyoneof

themdidIseeanythingbutblacknessorthefamiliarlactealopacity,andthattimeIsay,tomypleasureandamazement,avariegatedconstellationofflecks,specks,anddots.TheseIhastilydrew.Theinstructor,notingmyactivity,camebackfromanadjoiningdesk,asmileonhislipsandhiseyebrowshighinhope.Helookedatmycelldrawing,“what’sthat?”hedemanded,withahintofasquealinhisvoice,“that’swhatIsaw,”Isaid.“Youdidn’t,youdidn’t，youdidn’t!”hescreamed,losingcontrolofhistemperinstantly;andhebentoverandsquintedintothemicroscope.Hisheadsnappedup.“That’syoureye!”heshouted.“You’vefixedthelenssothatitreflects!You’vedrawnyoureye!”

1.Accordingtotheauthor,whywashetakingthebotanycourse?

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheprofessor’sattitudetowardtheauthorwas

（

）.

3.Whydidtheauthorhavedifficultywiththemicroscope?

4.Thetoneofthispassagecouldbestbedescribedas（

）.

問題1選項

A.Hewasapremedicalstudent.

B.Hewantedtoseethestructureofcells.

C.Heneededittograduate.

D.Itwasrequiredofsciencemajors.

問題2選項

A.encouraging

B.disbelieving

C.instructive

D.Alloftheabove

問題3選項

A.Theprofessoradjustedittohisowneyesratherthantotheauthor’seyes.

B.Becauseofafaultyinstrument.

C.Duetotheteacher’spoorinstruction.

D.Hedidn’ttry.

問題4選項

A.self-congratulatory

B.irony

C.degrading

D.critical

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:B

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。定位到第二段中“Youhadtopassoneofthebiologicalsciencesoryoucouldn’tgraduate.你必須通過一門生物科學(xué)課程否則你不能畢業(yè)?！笨芍狢項正確。

2.細節(jié)事實題。定位到第一段中“Hewouldbeginpatientlyenough,explaininghowanybodycanseethroughamicroscope,buthewouldalwaysendupinafury,claimingthatIcould,too,seethroughamicroscopebutjustpretendedthatIcouldn’t.他在開始的時候有足夠耐心，解釋如何通過顯微鏡看到東西，但他總是在憤怒中結(jié)束，聲稱我也可以通過顯微鏡看到東西，只是假裝我不能看到?！笨芍狟項正確。

3.判斷推理題。定位到第一段中“This,heclaimed,wastheresultofmynothavingadjustedthemicroscopeproperly,sohewouldreadjustitforme,orrather,forhimself.AndIwouldlookagainandseemilk他聲稱，這是由于我沒有調(diào)好顯微鏡，所以他就為我調(diào)試，或者更確切地說，為自己。我再看了一遍，結(jié)果我看到了乳狀物?！笨芍狝項正確。

4.判斷推理題。最后一段中“That’syoureye!”heshouted.“You’vefixedthelenssothatitreflects!You’vedrawnyoureye!”'那是你的眼睛！’他（導(dǎo)師）大聲說。“你已固定了鏡頭，以至于它發(fā)生了反射！你畫了你的眼睛！”可推知B項“諷刺的”正確。A項“自滿的”；C項“可恥的；不名譽的”；D項“批評的”。

2.單選題

Themaglevwillactuallyracealongaguidewayatalmost500kilometersperhour,（

）onthemagneticfield.

問題1選項

A.accelerating

B.duplicating

C.floating

D.roaring

【答案】C

【解析】考查現(xiàn)在分詞。accelerating加速的，催化的；duplicating復(fù)制，拷貝；floating漂浮，浮動；roaring吼，叫喊。句意：磁懸浮列車將在磁場中以每小時500公里的速度沿著導(dǎo)軌運行。由磁懸浮列車的特點可知“它是漂浮在磁場中”，故C項符合句意。

3.單選題

Aswemoveintothe21stcenturytheconceptofreadingwasrecognizedbymostasinvolvingamuchmorecomplexsetofskillsthanhadbeenunderstoodinthepast.Today'sculturerequiresreaderstobeablenotonlytoreadforpleasureandinformationbuttoaskquestionsofthetext,torecognizehowthewritertriestopositionthereader,andtobecomewhatiscalleda“critical”reader.

ThesimpleVenndiagramthathadbeenusedtodepictthelanguagecueingsystemsintheageofmakingmeaning(Figurebelow)hasevolvedtoamorecomplexdiagramthatincludestheimpactofcultureandcontextonareaderaswellastherolesthatthereadermusttakeoninordertobeeffective.

Readingandtheteachingofreadinghavebecomemorecomplexandreachoutacrossawiderandwideraudience,sothatwenowacceptthatwearelifelonglearnersofreading—or,tobemoreprecise,ofliteracy.Weacceptthatwewilllearnnewskillsinnewcontexts.ItisaK-adultcurriculumnow.

However,itisanagewhenpoliticsandpoliticianshavetakencontroloftheliteracyagenda.Thisisnotsurprising,asthosewhodon'thavehighlevelsofliteracyaremorelikelytoendup’onsomesortofsocialsupportandthusareviewedasa“burden”tosociety.So,inordertosavemoneyinthelong-term,”itseemspoliticianshaveagreedthatliteracybeginsintheearlyyears.Andtheyarefinallypreparedtosupportthisconcept.

1.Accordingtothepassage,acriticalreadershouldbeableto（

）.

2.Fromthecontextofthepassagewecaninferthepossiblemeaningof“K-adultcurriculum(Paragraph3)”as

（

）.

3.Inthediagramwecaninferthatthefeaturesoftextanalystpracticesmainlyinvolves（

）.

問題1選項

A.appreciateandinterpretthereadingsholisticallyinvariousdimensionsandapproaches

B.evaluatethepassagewithculturalbackgroundandcontext

C.readandapprehendtheinformationofthepassageswithvariousandcomprehensivetechniquesofreading

D.deductthethemeofpassagewithneutralandcriticalview

問題2選項

A.acurriculumofreadingcoursewithcomprehensiveskillsforadultlearners

B.acourseplanwithcombinationskillsofbothcultureandcontextinterpretationinreading

C.alifelongreadingteachingschedulefromchildhood(Kindergarten)toadulthood

D.areadingcourseplanwithvariousknowledgeforadultreader

問題3選項

A.clearseparationfromcodebreakerpracticesbutcloserelationwithtextuserpractices

B.thegraphophonic,semanticandsyntacticcuesandrelatedtothetextuserpracticesandotherreadingpracticesatfoundationportions

C.thestudyofsemanticandsyntacticcharactersbutlessofgraphicandphoneticelementsaboutthepassages

D.mainlysyntacticcueswhichseemsnottoberelatedtocodebreakerpractices

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:B

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。第一段：“Today'sculturerequiresreaderstobeablenotonlytoreadforpleasureandinformationbuttoaskquestionsofthetext,torecognizehowthewritertriestopositionthereader,andtobecomewhatiscalleda“critical”reader.今天的文化要求讀者不僅能夠閱讀快樂和信息，而且能夠?qū)ξ谋咎岢鰡栴}，認識到作者試圖給讀者定位的方式，并成為所謂的“批判性”讀者?！笨芍狢項“運用多種多樣的綜合閱讀技巧，閱讀和理解文章中的信息”正確，A項“從不同的角度和方法全面理解閱讀材料”；B項“用文化背景和語境來評價文章；C項“運用多種多樣的綜合閱讀技巧，閱讀和理解文章中的信息”；D項“以中立和批判的觀點演繹文章的主題”。

2.判斷推理題。定位到第三段:wenowacceptthatwearelifelonglearnersofreading—or,tobemoreprecise,ofliteracy…我們現(xiàn)在承認，我們是閱讀的終生學(xué)習(xí)者，或者更準確地說，是讀寫能力的終生學(xué)習(xí)者。可知C項“從兒童(幼兒園)到成人的終身閱讀教學(xué)計劃”正確。

3.細節(jié)事實題。定位到第二段“ThesimpleVenndiagramthathadbeenusedtodepictthelanguagecueingsystemsintheageofmakingmeaning(Figurebelow)hasevolvedtoamorecomplexdiagramthatincludestheimpactofcultureandcontextonareaderaswellastherolesthatthereadermusttakeoninordertobeeffective.簡單的維恩圖被用來描述語言提示系統(tǒng)（下圖）制造時代的含義已經(jīng)進化到更復(fù)雜的圖,包括文化和語境的影響讀者以及讀者的角色必須是有效的?！笨芍狟項“在基礎(chǔ)部分，與文本用戶實踐和其他閱讀實踐相關(guān)的書面、語義和語法線索”正確。

4.單選題

Despiteatendencytobeovertly（

）,thepoetryoftheMiddleAgesoftensparkstheimaginationandprovideslivelyentertainment,aswellaspioussentiments.

問題1選項

A.diverting

B.whimsical

C.didactic

D.deceitful

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。diverting有趣的，令人快樂的；whimsical古怪的，異想天開的；didactic說教的，教誨的；deceitful欺詐的。句意：盡管趨勢是明顯的說教，但是中世紀的詩歌經(jīng)常激發(fā)人們想象力，提供生動的樂趣以及虔誠的感情。由despite及下文可知空格處所填的單詞與后文意思相反。

5.單選題

Ifyourgoalsaregeneral,youshould（

）them（

）intosub-goals,sothatyouhaveascheduleforeachsub-goaltoo.

問題1選項

A.undertake...for

B.minimize...with

C.induct...with

D.pare...down

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配undertake“承擔，從事”；induct“引導(dǎo)；感應(yīng)”；minimize“使減到最少；極度輕視”；pare······down把······消減成······

。句意：如果你的目標太籠統(tǒng)，那么你就應(yīng)該將它們分為子目標，這樣你對每個子目標也有相應(yīng)的計劃表。由句意可知D項正確。

6.單選題

Scientists’pristinereputationasdevoteesofthedisinterestedpursuitoftruthhasbeencompromisedbyrecentevidencethatsomescientistshavedeliberately（

）experimentalresultstoflirthertheirowncareers.

問題1選項

A.reinforced

B.validated

C.exterminated

D.fabricated

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。reinforce“加強”；validate“證實；使生效”；exterminate“根除”；fabricate“制造；捏造”。句意：科學(xué)家的原始聲譽：即作為對真理進行無私追求的信徒已被近來的證據(jù)連累，該證據(jù)表明一些科學(xué)家為了促進自己的職業(yè)生涯發(fā)展而故意捏造實驗結(jié)果。由compromised與experimentalresults可知“捏造”符合語境，故D項正確。

7.單選題

Theirmindsandbodiesworkfasterthanmost（

）races,makingthemseemrestlessorhyperactive.

問題1選項

A.sapient

B.clever

C.smart

D.brave

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。sapient聰明的，有智慧的；clever機靈的；smart敏捷的；brave勇敢的。句意：他們的心智與身體比大部分智人種類運作的還快，使他們顯得有些性急或亢奮。只有A項符合句意。Sapientrace指“智人種類“

8.單選題

Totestthe（

）ofborrowingfromonefieldofstudytoenrichanother,simplyinvestigatetheextenttowhichtermsfromtheonemay,withoutforcing,beutilizedbytheother.

問題1選項

A.universality

B.rate

C.decorum

D.efficacy

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。universality普遍性；廣泛性；一般性；多方面性；rate比率；速度；價格；等級；decorum禮儀；禮貌；端正；恪守禮儀；efficacy功效，有效性。句意：為了測試借用一個研究領(lǐng)域的內(nèi)容去充實另一個研究領(lǐng)域內(nèi)容的有效性，要簡單地調(diào)查源于一個研究領(lǐng)域的術(shù)語在多大程度上可以自然地被其他研究領(lǐng)域所利用。由“simplyinvestigatetheextenttowhichtermsfromtheonemay,withoutforcing,beutilizedbytheother可知“有效性”符合。故D項正確。

9.單選題

Oneofthefirst（

）ofreducedburninginAmazonrainforestswasthechestnutindustry:smoketendstodriveouttheinsectthat,bypollinatingchestnuttree,allowchestnutstodevelop.

問題1選項

A.reformers

B.casualties

C.critics

D.beneficiaries

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。reformer改革家，改良者；casualty傷亡人員；critics評論家；beneficiaries受益人。句意：在亞馬遜雨林中減少焚燒的直接受益者之一是栗子工業(yè)：通過給栗樹授粉，使栗子發(fā)育的昆蟲往往會被煙霧趕走。根據(jù)冒號后的內(nèi)容可判斷空格處應(yīng)填一個正面的積極詞匯，故D項正確。

10.翻譯題

ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintoChinese.

OnefactorwhichmusthavegreatrelevancehereistheundeniablecircumstancethatthefeudalismofEuropeandChinawerefundamentallydifferent.（1）Europefeudalismwasmilitary-aristocratic:thepeasantryweregovernedbytheknightsintheirmanors,andtheyinturnweresubjecttothebaronsintheircastles,whilethekinginhispalaceruledoverall.Intimeofwarheneededthehelpofthelowerranksinthefeudalhierarchywhowereboundtorallytohimwithstatednumbersofmen-at-arms.HowdifferentwasthefeudalismofChina,longveryjustifiablydescribedasbureaucratic.（2）

ModemresearchisshowingthatthebureaucraticorganizationofChinainitsearlierstagesstronglyhelpedsciencetogrow;onlyinitslateronesdiditforciblyinhibitfurthergrowth，andinparticularpreventedabreakthroughwhichhasoccurredinEurope.Forexample,noothercountryintheworldatthebeginningoftheeighthcenturyADcouldhavesetupameridianarcsurveystretchingfromsouthtonorthsome2500miles.（3）Norcouldithavemountedanexpeditionatthattimetogoandobservethestarsofthesouthernhemispheretowithin

20°Cdegrees

ofthesouthcelestialpole;norindeedwouldithavewantedto.

（4）Itmaywellbethatasimilarpatternwillappearinthefuturewhenthehistoryofscience,technologyandmedicine,forallthegreatclassicalliterarycultures,suchasIndiaorSriLanka,comestobewrittenandgatheredin.Europehasenteredintotheirinheritance,producinganecumenicaluniversalscienceandtechnologyvalidforeverymanandwomanonthefaceoftheearth.OnecanonlyhopethattheshortcomingsofthedistinctivelyEuropeantraditionsinothermatterswillnotdebauchthenon-Europeancivilizations.（5）

Forexample,thesciencesofChinaandofIslamneverdreamedofdivorcingsciencefromethics,butwhenatheScientificRevolutionthefinalcauseofAristotlewasdoneawaywith,andethicschasedoutofscience,thingsbecameverydifferent,andmoremenacing.Thiswasgoodinsofarasitclarifiedanddiscriminatedbetweenthegreatformsofhumanexperience,butverybadanddangerouswhenitopenedthewayforevilmentousethegreatdiscoveriesofmodemscienceandactivitiesdisastrousforhumanity.

【答案】1.歐洲的封建主義是軍事貴族式的：農(nóng)民由莊園里的騎士統(tǒng)治，他們反過來又受制于城堡里的男爵，而國王在他的宮殿里統(tǒng)治著一切。

2.現(xiàn)代研究表明，中國早期的官僚組織有力地促進了科學(xué)的發(fā)展；其后期則嚴重抑制了科學(xué)的進步，尤其阻礙了中國像歐洲那樣的突飛猛進的發(fā)展。

3.在當時也沒有哪個國家有能力組織一支遠征隊去南半球探險，對南極20度范圍內(nèi)的星星進行觀察，確實也沒有哪個國家想那么做。

4.很可能是類似的模式將會出現(xiàn)在未來的歷史科學(xué)、技術(shù)和醫(yī)學(xué)、偉大的古典文學(xué)文化，如印度或斯里蘭卡，編寫和收集。

5.例如，中國的科學(xué)和伊斯蘭教的科學(xué)從來沒有想過要把科學(xué)從倫理中分離出來，但是當科學(xué)革命結(jié)束了亞里士多德的最終目標，倫理被驅(qū)逐出科學(xué)時，事情變得非常不同，而且更具威脅性。

11.單選題

BillClintonprojectedan（

）personalityinthe1992campaign,butthatwasnothisonlyadvantageoverBushandanindependentcandidate,RossPerot.

問題1選項

A.informal

B.exaggerative

C.affluent

D.effervescent

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。informal“非正式的”；exaggerative“夸張的”；affluent“富裕的；流暢的”；effervescent“活躍的”。句意：比爾?克林頓（美國前總統(tǒng)）在1992年的競選中表現(xiàn)出活躍的個性，但這不是他相對于布什和獨立候選人羅斯?佩羅的唯一優(yōu)勢。只有D項可以形容personality。

12.單選題

Thepurchaseofanewmansionandabrand-newautomobilehasbecomethe（

）ofthenewgenerationofwhite-collarworkeralongwiththeirdesireofholidaysoverseas.

問題1選項

A.tenacity

B.attraction

C.inspiration

D.aspiration

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。tenacity“初性；不屈不撓”；attraction“吸引；吸引人的事物”；inspiration“靈感；吸氣”；aspiration“渴望；抱負”。句意：購買一個新的宅第和一輛全新的汽車，去海外度假已經(jīng)成為了新一代的白領(lǐng)工人的愿望。由alongwiththeirdesireofholidaysoverseas.中的desire可知空格處所填單詞應(yīng)與其意思接近，故D項正確。

13.翻譯題

ReadthefollowingshortparagraphcarefullyandthentranslateitintoEnglish.

盡管美國的制造業(yè)就業(yè)崗位長期流失，但由于在飛機和高科技設(shè)備等高價值的研發(fā)和生產(chǎn)等方面能力卓越，美國的制造業(yè)方面仍處于世界領(lǐng)先地位。與此同時，中國的主要產(chǎn)品還是低成本的服裝和消費類電子產(chǎn)品。在產(chǎn)品價值方面美國的產(chǎn)品占世界制造業(yè)總產(chǎn)值的20%以上，大約是中國的兩倍。中國的人口眾多，國民人均產(chǎn)值僅為美國的1/7；在居民生活水平方面，中美兩國的差距就更大了，中國家庭產(chǎn)品的平均消費只有美國的1/14。

【答案】Despitealonghistoryoflostmanufacturingjobs,theU.S.leadstheworldinmanufacturingbecauseofitsabilitytodevelopandproducehigh-valueproductslikeairplanesandhigh-techequipment.Meanwhile,China'smainproductsarelow-costclothingandconsumerelectronics.Intermsofvalue,theUnitedStatesproducesmorethan20percentoftheworld'smanufacturingoutput,abouttwiceasmuchasChina.ChinahasalargepopulationanditspercapitaGDPisonly1/7ofthatoftheUnitedStates.Intermsoflivingstandards,thegapbetweenChinaandtheUnitedStatesisevenwider,withtheaveragehouseholdproductconsumptioninChinabeingonlyone-14thofthatintheUnitedStates.

14.單選題

AlthoughthefeedingactivitiesofwhalesandwalrusesgivetheseaflooroftheBeringShelfadevastatedappearance,theseactivitiesseemtobeactually（

）tothearea,enhancingitsproductivity.

問題1選項

A.destructive

B.rehabilitative

C.beneficial

D.detrimental

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。destructive“破壞的；有害的”；rehabilitative“復(fù)原的”；beneficial“有益的；有利的”；detrimental“不利的”。句意：盡管鯨和海象的覓食活動給白令海大陸架的海底帶來表面上的毀壞，但是這些活動似乎在實際上對這個區(qū)域是有益的，提高了它的生產(chǎn)力。由enhancingitsproductivity可知C項符合語境。

15.單選題

Oftenbebeforecomputer,theeyeisabit（

）urticantabitbetterwiththesortofeye-drop,stimulationissmall.

問題1選項

A.ache

B.fever

C.acerbity

D.sore

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。ache疼痛；fever發(fā)燒；acerbity酸，澀；sore潰瘍，痛處。句意：經(jīng)常在電腦前，眼睛有點癢，有點澀，用那種眼藥水比較好，刺激小。C項符合句意。

16.單選題

Onecan’tbeapersonwithuprightfacialfeaturesiffilledwithenvyinhisheart,ifdishonest,or（

）saying.

問題1選項

A.skimpy

B.abstruse

C.iniquitous

D.mendacious

【答案】D

【解析】本題考查形容詞詞義辨析。skimpy“不足的；吝嗇的”；abstruse“深奧的；難懂的”；iniquitous“邪惡的；不公正的”；mendacious“虛假的；說謊的”。句意：一個人心中如果充滿嫉妒、不誠實或虛假的言語，那么其不可能有正直的面容。由句中的or可知，空格處所填的詞與dishonest意思接近，故答案為D。

17.單選題

Veterandoctorscanoftenreflectonpastexperiencestodrawlessonsforthepresent;youngresidentdoctors,however,rarelyhavetheadvantagesofsuch（

）.

問題1選項

A.retrospection

B.vagueness

C.hostility

D.misconceptions

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。retrospection回顧；反省；追憶；vagueness模糊；含糊；茫然；hostility敵意；misconception誤解。句意：經(jīng)驗豐富的醫(yī)生可以經(jīng)常反思過去的經(jīng)歷來汲取教訓(xùn)，然而，年輕的住院部醫(yī)師卻很少有這樣反省的優(yōu)勢。由Veterandoctorscanoftenreflectonpastexperiences以及while可知，句子前后形成對比，經(jīng)驗豐富的醫(yī)生有經(jīng)歷可反思和回顧，而年輕的醫(yī)生卻沒有這樣的優(yōu)勢?？崭裉幩顔卧~應(yīng)與reflect意思接近，答案為A。

18.單選題

Bycreatingvalue,apowerfulmessage,youcangetpeopletocometoyou,insteadoftryingto（

）themwithyourmessageandbrand.

問題1選項

A.substantiate

B.authenticate

C.satiate

D.smother

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。substantiate“證實”；authenticate“鑒定”；satiate“充分滿足”；smother“使窒息，抑制”。句意：通過創(chuàng)造價值和強有力的信息，你就能讓大家來到身邊，而不要嘗試用自己的信息和品牌讓來讓他們感到窒息。insteadof表轉(zhuǎn)折，而不要嘗試通過······可知空格處所填單詞應(yīng)為貶義詞，故答案為D。

19.單選題

SigmundFreudlivedmostofhislifeinVienna,Austria.HewastrainedinmedicineandestablishedtheInternationalPsychoanalyticAssociationin1910.Thisexcerptisfromatranslationofa1923work,TheEgoandtheId.

Therearecertainpeoplewhobehaveinaquitepeculiarfashionduringtheworkofanalysis.Whenonespeakshopefullytothemorexpressessatisfactionwiththeprogressofthetreatment,theyshowsignsofdiscontentandtheirconditioninvariablybecomesworse.Onebeginsbyregardingthisasdefianceandasanattempttoprovetheirsuperioritytothephysician,butlateronecomestotakeadeeperandjusterview.Onebecomesconvinced,notonlythatsuchpeoplecannotendureanypraiseorappreciation,butthattheyreactinverselytotheprogressofthetreatment.Everypartialsolutionthatoughttoresult;andinotherpeopledoesresult,inanimprovementoratemporarysuspensionofsymptomsproducesinthemfortheexacerbationoftheirillness;theygetworseduringthetreatmentinsteadofgettingbetter.Theexhibitwhatisknownasa“negativetherapeuticreaction.”

Thereisnodoubtthatthereissomethinginthesepeoplethatsetsitselfagainsttheirrecovery,anditsapproachisdreadedasthoughitwereadanger.Weareaccustomedtosaythattheneedforillnesshasgottheupperhandinthemoverthedesireforrecovery.Ifweanalyzethisresistanceintheusualway—then,evenafterallowancehasbeenmadeforanattitudeofdefiancetowardsthephysicianandforfixationtothevariousformsofgainfromillness,thegreaterpartofitisstillleftover;andthisrevealsitselfasthemostpowerfulofallobstaclestorecovery,morepowerfulthanthefamiliaronesofnarcissisticinaccessibility,anegativeattitudetowardsthephysicianandclingingtothegainfromillness.

Intheend,wecometoseethatwearedealingwithwhatmaybecalleda“moral”factor,asenseofguiltwhichisfindingsatisfactionintheillnessandrefusestogiveupthepunishmentofsuffering.Weshallberightinregardingthisdishearteningexplanationasfinal.Butasfarasthepatientisconcernedthissenseofguiltisdumb;itdoesnottellhimheisguilty;hedoesnotfeelguilty,hefeelsill.Thissenseofguiltexpressesitselfonlyasaresistancetorecoverywhichisextremelydifficulttoovercome.Itisalsoparticulardifficulttoconvincethepatientthatthismotiveliesbehindhiscontinuingtobeill,heholdsfasttothemoreobviousexplanationthattreatmentbyanalysisisnottherightremedyforhiscase.

1.Agoodtitleforthispassagemightbe（

）.

2.FromthepassagewecanlearnthatFreudmeansthatthesepatients

（

）.

3.Freud’sstudyofthissyndromeleadshimtothinkthat

（

）.

4.DoesFreudfeelthatanalysisisnotrightforthepatientshedescribes?

問題1選項

A.AnInverseReactiontoProgress

B.TheNeedforAnalysis

C.GuiltandSuffering

D.IntroductiontoFreud’sIdeas

問題2選項

A.actcontrarytoaphysician’sexpectations

B.getworsewhentheyshouldgetbetter

C.getbetterwhentheyshouldgetworse

D.bothAandB

問題3選項

A.mostpatientsrespondbadlytopraise

B.patientsneedtotrusttheirphysicians

C.patients’guiltmaykeepthemfromgettingwell

D.thepatients’personalemotionsneedtobeanalyzed

問題4選項

A.Yes,hefeelstheyareinlovewiththeirillness.

B.Yes,hefeelsthattheyaretooilltorecover.

C.Yes,hesensesthattheyneedanotherremedy.

D.No,butthepatientsoftenfeelthatway.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:D

【解析】1.判斷推理題。由第一段中Thisexcerptisfromatranslationofa1923work,TheEgoandtheId.“本文節(jié)選自1923年的作品《自我與本我》?！迸c第二段Therearecertainpeoplewhobehaveinaquitepeculiarfashionduringtheworkofanalysis.Whenonespeakshopefullytothemorexpressessatisfactionwiththeprogressofthetreatment,theyshowsignsofdiscontentandtheirconditioninvariablybecomesworse.“在分析工作中，有些人的行為舉止相當奇特。當人們滿懷希望地與他們交談，或?qū)χ委煹倪M展表示滿意時，他們就會表現(xiàn)出不滿的跡象，病情總是會惡化。”可推知D項“對弗洛伊德觀點的介紹”正確。其他三項都是文中未提及的內(nèi)容。

2.判斷推理題。定位到第二段中的butthattheyreactinverselytotheprogressofthetreatment.“但是它們對治療過程的反應(yīng)是相反的?！焙蛅heygetworseduringthetreatmentinsteadofgettingbetter.“他們在治療過程中病情惡化，而不是好轉(zhuǎn)”。可知A項與B項正確，故答案為D。

3.判斷推理題。由最后一段中Weshallberightinregardingthisdishearteningexplanationasfinal.我們將正確地把這個令人沮喪的解釋作為最后的解釋”。和“Thissenseofguiltexpressesitselfonlyasaresistancetorecoverywhichisextremelydifficulttoovercome.這種內(nèi)疚感只表現(xiàn)為對恢復(fù)的抗拒，而恢復(fù)是極其難以克服的”?？芍狢項正確。

4.細節(jié)事實題由最后一段中Itisalsoparticulardifficulttoconvincethepatientthatthismotiveliesbehindhiscontinuingtobeill,heholdsfasttothemoreobviousexplanationthattreatmentbyanalysisisnottherightremedyforhiscase.要讓病人相信他繼續(xù)患病的動機是非常困難的，他堅持更明顯的解釋，即通過分析治療并不是對他的病例的正確治療”。可知D項正確。

20.單選題

Duringperiodsofsocialstability,manyartacademiesaresofirmlycontrolledbydogmatiststhatallrealcreativeworkmustbedonebythe（

）.

問題1選項

A.elite

B.disenfranchised

C.reactionaries

D.dissatisfied

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞及名詞辨析。elite“精英；精華”；disenfranchised“被剝奪權(quán)利的”，thedisenfranchised“被剝奪權(quán)利的人”；reactionaries“反動派”；dissatisfied“不滿意的；不高興的”。句意：在社會穩(wěn)定時期，很多藝術(shù)學(xué)院被教條主義者牢牢地控制，以至所有真正有創(chuàng)意的作品必須由那些被剝奪了權(quán)利的人完成。由“controlledbydogmatists被教條主義者控制”及“realcreativework真正有創(chuàng)意的作品”的對應(yīng)知“真正有創(chuàng)意的作品都是由藝術(shù)學(xué)院里被剝奪了權(quán)利的人來完成。被教條主義控制意味著被剝奪了權(quán)利。

21.寫作題

Writeanessayofabout250to300wordsonthetopic“ScienceandArts:theIntegrationintheDisciplineResearched"accordingtotheideagivenbelowandoutlineinChinese.

科學(xué)和藝術(shù)是促進人類社會發(fā)展的兩個翅膀，一個強調(diào)嚴謹，客觀，深遂而鍥而不舍地探究自然和社會的內(nèi)在構(gòu)架和發(fā)展路徑，一個表現(xiàn)華麗，張揚，豐富多彩而魅力四射地展示著人們獨具的感知和想象的夢境。兩者各具不同的特點但卻互相關(guān)聯(lián)著，在學(xué)術(shù)研究中，注重科學(xué)活動過程的科學(xué)性和藝術(shù)性的這種相輔相成也會為我們的不同專業(yè)研究帶來絢麗而又實誠的果實。請你結(jié)合自己的學(xué)科專業(yè)研究實際的例證，談?wù)勓芯炕顒又锌茖W(xué)性和藝術(shù)性關(guān)系會對自己未來發(fā)展的影響作用。

1）科學(xué)和藝術(shù)定義及其相輔相成的關(guān)系。

2）本專業(yè)學(xué)術(shù)研究中的科學(xué)性和藝術(shù)性相輔相成的特點。

3）用實例說明兩者結(jié)合會為我的專業(yè)發(fā)展和研究帶來重要的突破和發(fā)展。

【答案】略

22.單選題

Theneedforsolarelectricityisclear.Itissafe,ecologicallysound,efficient,continuouslyavailable,andithasnomovingparts.Thebasicproblemwiththeuseofsolarphotovoltaicdevicesiseconomics,butuntilrecentlyverylittleprogresshasbeenmadetowardthedevelopmentoflow-costphotovoltaicdevices.Thelargerpartofresearchfundinghasbeendevotedtostudyofsingle-crystalsiliconsolarcells,despitetheevidence,includingthatoftheleadingmanufacturersofcrystallinesilicon,thatthetechniqueholdslittlepromise.Thereasonforthispatternisunderstandableandhistorical.Crystal-linesiliconistheactive,elementintheverysuccessfulsemiconductorindustry,andvirtuallyallofthesolidstatedevicescontainsilicontransistorsanddiodes.Crystallinesilicon,however,isparticularlyunsuitabletoterrestrialsolarcells.

Crystallinesiliconsolarcellsworkwellandaresuccessfullyusedinthespaceprogram,wherecostisnotanissue.Whilesingle-crystalsiliconhasbeenproveninextraterrestrialusewithefficienciesashighas18percent,andothermoreexpensiveandscarcematerialssuchasgalliumarsenidecanhaveevenhigherefficiencies,costsmustbereducedbyafactorofmorethan100tomakethempracticalforcommercialuse.Besidethefactthatthestartingcrystallinesiliconisexpensive,95percentofitiswastedanddoesnotappearinthefinaldevice.Recently,therehavebeensomeimaginativeattemptstomakepolycrystallineandribbonsilicon,whicharelowerincostthanhighqualitysinglecrystals;buttodateefficienciesoftheseapparentlylower-costarrayshavebeenunacceptablysmall.Moreover,thesematerialsarecheaperonlybecauseoftheintroductionofdisorderingincrystallinesemiconductors,anddisorderdegradestheefficiencyofcrystallinesolarcells.

Thisdilemmacanbeavoidedbypreparingcompletelydisorderedoramorphousmaterials.Amorphousmaterialshavedisorderedatomicstructureascomparedtocrystallinematerials:thatis,theyhaveonlyshort-rangeorderratherthanthelong-rangeperiodicityofcrystals.Theadvantagesofamorphoussolarcellsareimpressive.Whereascrystalscanbegrownaswafersaboutfourinchesindiameter,amorphousmaterialscanbegrownoverlargeareasinasingleprocess.Whereascrystallinesiliconmustbemade200micronsthicktoabsorbasufficientamountofsunlightforefficientenergyconversion,only1micronoftheproperamorphousmaterialsisnecessary.Crystallinesiliconsolarcellscostinexcessof$100persquarefoot,butamorphousfilmscanbecreatedatacostofab