2022年考研考博-考博英語-湘潭大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)80

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-湘潭大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大小）題型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Nowomancanbetoorichortoothin.ThissayingoftenattributedtothelateDuchessofWindsorembodiesmuchoftheoddspiritofourtimes.Beingthinisdeemedassuchavirtue.

Theproblemwithsuchaviewisthatsomepeopleactuallyattempttolivebyit.Imyselfhavefantasiesofslippingintonarrowdesignerclothes.Consequently,Ihavebeenonadietforthebetter-orworse-partofmylife.Beingrichwouldn'tbebadeither,butthatwon'thappenunlessanunknownrelativediessuddenlyinsomedistantland,leavingmemillionsofdollars.

Wheredidwegooffthetrack?Whendideatingbutterbecomeasin,andalittlebitofextrafleshunappealing,ifnotrepellent?Allreligionshavecertaindayswhenpeoplerefrainfromeating,andexcessiveeatingisoneofChristianity'ssevendeadlysins.However,untilquiterecently,mostpeoplehadaproblemgettingenoughtoeat.Insomereligiousgroups,wealthwasasymbolofprobablesalvationandhighmorals,andfatnessasignofwealthandwell-being.

Todaytheoppositeistrue.Wehaveshiftedtothinnessasournewmarkofvirtue.Theresultisthatbeingfat-orevenonlysomewhatoverweight-isbadbecauseitimpliesalackofmoralstrength.

Ourobsessionwiththinnessisalsofueledbyhealthconcerns.Itistruethatinthiscountrywehavemoreoverweightpeoplethaneverbefore,andthat,inmanycases,beingoverweightcorrelateswithanincreasedriskofheartandbloodvesseldisease.Thesediseases,however,mayhaveasmuchtodowithourwayoflifeandourhigh-fatdietsaswithexcessweight.Andtheassociatedriskofcancerinthedigestivesystemmaybemoreofadietaryproblem-toomuchfatandalackoffiber-thanaweightproblem.

Therealconcern,then,isnotthatweweightoomuch,butthatweneitherexerciseenoughnoreatwell.Exerciseisnecessaryforstrongbonesandbothheartandlunghealth.Abalanceddietwithoutalotoffatcanalsohelpthebodyavoidmanydiseases.Weshouldsurelystoppayingsomuchattentiontoweight.Simplybeingthinisnotenough.Itisactuallyhazardousifthosewhoget(oralreadyare)thinthinktheyareautomaticallyhealthyandthusfreefrompayingattentiontotheiroveralllife-style.Thinnesscanbepurevainglory.

1.Sweptbytheprevailingtrend,theauthor（

）.

2.Intheeyesoftheauthor,andoddphenomenonnowadaysisthat

（

）.

3.Inhumanhistorypeople’sviewsonbodyweight

（

）.

4.What’stheauthor'sadvicetowomenwhoareabsorbedintheideaofthinness?

5.Theauthorcriticizeswomen'sobsessionwiththinness（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.hastoseekhelpformrichdistantrelatives.

B.couldstillpreventherselffromgoingoffthetrack.

C.hastogoonadiet.

D.hastowearhighlyfashionableclothes.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.theDuchessofWindsorisregardedasawomanofvirtue.

B.beingthinisviewedasamuchdesiredquality.

C.lookingslimisasymbolofhavingalargefortune.

D.religiouspeoplearenotnecessarilyvirtuous.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.werecloselyrelatedtotheirreligiousbeliefs

B.changedfromtimetotime.

C.variedbetweenthepoorandtherich.

D.ledtodifferentmoralstandards.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theyshouldridthemselvesoffantasiesaboutdesignerclothes.

B.Theyshouldbemorewatchfulforfataldiseases.

C.Theyshouldgainweighttolookhealthy.

D.Theyshouldbemoreconcernedwiththeiroveralllifestyle.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.fromaneconomicandeducationalperspective.

B.fromsociologicalandmedicalpointsofview.

C.fromahistoricalandreligiousstandpoint.

D.inthelightofmoralprinciples.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目提問‘受流行趨勢(shì)的影響，作者做什么？’根據(jù)文章第二段中第二句“Imyselfhavefantasiesofslippingintonarrowdesignerclothes.Consequently,Ihavebeenonadietforthebetter-orworse-partofmylife.我自己也有穿窄身名牌服裝的幻想。因此，在我的生活中，無論好壞，我都在節(jié)食?！贝_定C選項(xiàng)“不得不節(jié)食”正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目提問‘在作者看來，現(xiàn)在奇怪的現(xiàn)象是什么？’根據(jù)第一段“Nowomancanbetoorichortoothin.ThissayingoftenattributedtothelateDuchessofWindsorembodiesmuchoftheoddspiritofourtimes.Beingthinisdeemedassuchavirtue.女人不能太有錢也不能太瘦。這句話經(jīng)常被認(rèn)為是已故溫莎公爵夫人說的，它體現(xiàn)了我們這個(gè)時(shí)代的許多古怪精神。苗條被認(rèn)為是一種美德?！币约案鶕?jù)第四段中“Todaytheoppositeistrue.Wehaveshiftedtothinnessasournewmarkofvirtue.今天情況正好相反。我們已經(jīng)把瘦變成了美德的新標(biāo)志?！笨芍髡哒J(rèn)為現(xiàn)在奇怪的現(xiàn)象是B選項(xiàng)“苗條被認(rèn)為是一種非常理想的品質(zhì)”。

3.推理判斷題。題目提問‘人類歷史上人們對(duì)體重的看法？’根據(jù)文章第三段最后一句“Insomereligiousgroups,wealthwasasymbolofprobablesalvationandhighmorals,andfatnessasignofwealthandwell-being.在一些宗教團(tuán)體中，財(cái)富是救贖和高尚道德的象征，而肥胖則是財(cái)富和幸福的象征?！贝_定A選項(xiàng)“與他們的宗教信仰密切相關(guān)”正確。

4.推理判斷題。題目提問‘作者對(duì)那些專注于瘦身的女性有什么忠告？’根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段中“...inmanycases,beingoverweightcorrelateswithanincreasedriskofheartandbloodvesseldisease.Thesediseases,however,mayhaveasmuchtodowithourwayoflifeandourhigh-fatdietsaswithexcessweight.Andtheassociatedriskofcancerinthedigestivesystemmaybemoreofadietaryproblem-toomuchfatandalackoffiber-thanaweightproblem.在許多情況下，肥胖與增加心血管疾病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)息息相關(guān)。不過除了超重，這些疾病也同樣與我們的生活方式及高脂肪飲食習(xí)慣有很大關(guān)系?；枷到y(tǒng)癌癥的相關(guān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)可能更主要是飲食而非體重問題——食物高脂肪低纖維。”以及最后一段中“Itisactuallyhazardousifthosewhoget(oralreadyare)thinthinktheyareautomaticallyhealthyandthusfreefrompayingattentiontotheiroveralllife-style.如果那些瘦人認(rèn)為他們自然而然就可保持健康，從而不注意總體生活方式，實(shí)際上會(huì)很危險(xiǎn)。”可知作者提出肥胖、生活方式與疾病的關(guān)系，確定D選項(xiàng)“他們應(yīng)該更加關(guān)注他們的整體生活方式”符合要求。

5.推理判斷題。題目提問‘作者從什么方面批評(píng)了女性對(duì)瘦身的癡迷？’根據(jù)最后一段中“Itisactuallyhazardousifthosewhoget(oralreadyare)thinthinktheyareautomaticallyhealthyandthusfreefrompayingattentiontotheiroveralllife-style.Thinnesscanbepurevainglory.如果那些變瘦的人(或已經(jīng)變瘦的人)認(rèn)為他們天生就健康，因此不關(guān)注他們的整體生活方式，這實(shí)際上是危險(xiǎn)的。瘦可以是純粹的虛榮。”確定作者從健康方面和虛榮心方面批評(píng)了女性對(duì)瘦身的癡迷，B選項(xiàng)正確。

2.翻譯題

寫給未來的自己一封信當(dāng)你10年、20年或更多年后回顧過去時(shí)，你會(huì)吃驚地發(fā)現(xiàn)，隨著時(shí)光的流逝，你也發(fā)生了很大的變化。你的經(jīng)歷、朋友、家庭和工作造就了現(xiàn)在的你。但是再過幾年你會(huì)在哪里呢？你會(huì)如何變化呢？這樣反思性的寫作，會(huì)是思考未來你想要什么的一種好的方式。

你也許以前試過給過去的自己寫信，向年輕時(shí)的自己傳授一些人生的智慧和觀點(diǎn)，你希望那時(shí)候的自己就能知道這些?，F(xiàn)在我們換個(gè)角度看問題，如果讓你給未來的自己寫封信，你會(huì)寫點(diǎn)什么？

想象一下，給5年后的自己寫一封信，當(dāng)5年后你打開那封信時(shí)，你會(huì)產(chǎn)生多少共鳴。這是實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)的一種有用的輔助工具，因?yàn)楫?dāng)你給未來的自己寫信時(shí)，你會(huì)慢慢理清希望自己在人生旅途的那個(gè)特定時(shí)刻變成什么樣子。

當(dāng)你在未來讀這封信時(shí)，你可以看看有多少事情是像你過去期望的那樣，你也會(huì)思考為什么會(huì)這樣。很多時(shí)候，我們?cè)O(shè)定目標(biāo)在實(shí)現(xiàn)的過程中會(huì)受到沿途中各種因素的影響，因?yàn)闀?huì)遇到各種各樣的困難、各種意外情況并需要不斷調(diào)整優(yōu)先級(jí)。

這封信能讓你從宏觀的角度上去看自己最初的愿景，讓你意識(shí)到自己現(xiàn)在的想法和過去相比有多么不同。

當(dāng)你以后看信時(shí)，你會(huì)把過去的自己和現(xiàn)在的自己進(jìn)行比較。這會(huì)讓你看清從寫信時(shí)起你發(fā)生了哪些變化，這種體驗(yàn)是非常有趣的。光看看從你寫信開始發(fā)生了哪些變化就很有趣了。

現(xiàn)在就拿出筆和紙，開始給未來的自己寫封信吧。找個(gè)合適的時(shí)間，想象你在那段時(shí)間內(nèi)會(huì)是什么樣子，然后開始寫信。想一想你想成為哪種人，你在生活中的位置、那時(shí)你的成就、你會(huì)有什么樣的想法和感覺，諸如此類的內(nèi)容。

寫完信，把它裝到信封里，在信封的封面上寫上日期，把它妥善保管起來。在自己的日歷中標(biāo)記一下打開這封信的日期。當(dāng)你以后打開信時(shí)，你可能會(huì)更好地洞察自己以及自己過去的生命歷程。

【答案】Whenyoulookbackonyourselfinthepast10,20,30ormoreyearsagoit’ssurprisingtoseehowmuchyouhavechangedovertime.Yourexperiences,yourfriends,yourfamilyandyourworkhaveallshapedwhoyouarerightnow.

Itisausefulsupplementarytooltobeusedingoalachievement,becausewhenyouwritethelettertoyourfutureself,ithelpscrystallizeexactlyhowyouanticipateyourselftobecomeatthatspecificmomentdowntheroad.

Oftentimes,thegoalswesetandourgoalachievementprocessaresubjectedtoalotofchangesalongtheway,duetovaryingobstacles,unanticipatedcircumstancesandchangingpriorities.

Thelettergivesyouamacro-viewofyourinitialvisionandletsyourecognizehowyourcurrentvisiondiffersfromthepast.

Whenyouopenthislettersometimeinthenearfuture,youmightgainadditionalinsightsaboutyourselfandyourjourneyinthepastfewyearsthatyouwereobliviousto.

3.單選題

Becauseoftheexcellentpreservationofthefossil,anatomicaldetailsofearlyhorseshoecrabswere（

）forthefirsttime,enablingexpertsto（

）theevolutionofthehorseshoecrab.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.scrutinized...ensure

B.verified...advance

C.obscured...illustrate

D.clarified...reassess

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)scrutinized“詳細(xì)檢查”；ensure“確認(rèn)，確?！?；B選項(xiàng)verified“核證，證”;advance“提出，預(yù)付，使……前進(jìn)，將……提前”；C選項(xiàng)obscure“遮蔽，掩蓋”；illustrate“說明”;D選項(xiàng)clarify“澄清”；reassess“再評(píng)價(jià)”。根據(jù)句意‘由于化石保存完好，早期的馬蹄蟹的解剖細(xì)節(jié)首次進(jìn)行了澄清，使得專家可以重新評(píng)估蟹的演變。’D選項(xiàng)正確

4.單選題

To（

）thisstateofaffairs,thereportrecommendedaunifiedscheme,onaregionalbasis,withinwhichbothcommonandspecializedunitswouldcaterforthevariousneedsofpart-timeteachers.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.fortify

B.denominate

C.assimilate

D.rectify

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)“加強(qiáng)，增強(qiáng)，（在物質(zhì)或道義上）支持某人”；B選項(xiàng)“命名”；C選項(xiàng)“吸收，同化”；D選項(xiàng)“糾正”；根據(jù)句子的意思‘為了穩(wěn)定事態(tài)，該報(bào)告建議按地區(qū)實(shí)施一個(gè)統(tǒng)一的方案，普通和專門單位將滿足兼職教師的各種需求’確定A選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Theoriginofcontinentalnucleihaslongbeenapuzzle.Theoriesadvancedsofarhavegenerallyfailedtoexplainthefirststepincontinentgrowth,orhavebeensubjecttoseriousobjections.Itisthepurposeofthisarticletoexaminethepossibleroleoftheimpactoflargemeteoritesorasteroidsintheproductionofcontinentalnuclei.Unfortunately,thegeologicalevolutionoftheEarth’ssurfacehashadanobliteratingeffectontheoriginalcompositionandstructureofthecontinentstosuchanextentthatfurtherterrestrialinvestigationshavesmallchanceofarrivingatanunambiguousanswertothequestionofcontinentalorigin.Paradoxically,cluestotheoriginandearlyhistoryofthesurfacefeaturesoftheEarthmaybefoundontheMoonandplanets,ratherthanontheEarth,becausesomeofthesebodiesappeartohavehadamuchlessactivegeologicalhistory.Asaresult,relativelyprimitivesurfacefeaturesarepreservedforstudyandanalysis.InthecaseofboththeMoonandMars,itisgenerallyconcludedfromtheappearanceoftheirheavilycrateredsurfacesthattheyhavebeensubjectedtobombardmentbylargemeteoroidsduringtheirgeologicalhistory.Likewise,itwouldappearareasonablehypothesisthattheBarthhasalsobeensubjectedtometeoroidbombardmentinpast,andthatverylargebodiesstrucktheEarthearlyinitsgeologicalhistory.

ThelargecraterontheMoonlistedbyBaldwinhasadiameterof285km.However,ifweacceptthehypothesesofformationofsomeofthemarebasinsbyimpact,themaximumlunarimpactcraterdiameterisprobablyaslargeas650km.Basedonalunaranalogy,onemightexpectseveralimpactcratersofatleast500kmdiametertohavebeenformedonEarth.ByapplyingBaldwin’sequation,thedepthofsuchacratershouldbeabout20km.Baldwinadmitsthathisequationgivesexcessivedepthsforlargecraterssothattheactualdepthshouldbesomewhatsmaller.Basedonthemeasureddepthofsmallerlunarcrater,Baldwin’sequationgivesthedepthofthezoneofbrecciationforsuchacraterasabout75km.TheplasticityoftheEarth’smantleatthedepthmakesitimpossibletospeakof“bracciation”intheusualsense.However,localstressesmaybetemporarilysustainedatthatdepth,asshownbytheexistenceofdeep-focusearthquakes.Thus,short-termeffectsmightbeexpectedtoadepthofmorethan50kminthemantle.

Evenwithoutknowingthepreciseeffects,thereislittledoubtthattheformationofa500-kmcraterwouldbeamajorgeologicalevent.Numerousauthorshaveconsideredthegeologicalimplicationsofsuchanevent.Donnatal.have,forexample,calledontheimpactofcontinent-sizebodiesofsialiccompositiontofromtheoriginalcontinents.Twomajordifficultiesinherentinthisconceptarethelackofanyknownsialicmeteorites,andthehighprobabilitythattheenergyofimpactwouldresultinawidedisseminationofsialicmaterial,ratherthanitsconcentrationatthepointofimpact.

Gilvarry,ontheotherhand,calledonmeteoroidimpacttoexplaintheproductionofoceanbasins.Themajordifficultieswiththismodelarethatmorphologyofmostoftheoceanbasinsisnotconsistentwithimpact,andthattheoriginandgrowthofcontinentsisnotadequatelyexplained.

WeagreewithDonnatal.thattheimpactoflargemeteoritesorasteroidsmayhavecausedcontinentformation,butwouldratherthinkintermsofthelocalizedadditionofenergytothesystem,ratherthanintermsoftheadditionofactualsialicmaterial.

Amarebasinis（

）.

Thewriterdoesnotbelievethat

（

）.

Thearticleisprimarilyconcernedwith

（

）.

Sialicmaterialrefersto（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.aformulafordeterminingtherelationshipbetweenthedepthandwidthofcraters

B.avalleythatisfilledinwhenaspatialbodyhasimpactwiththemoonortheearth

C.aplanetoid(smallplanet)createdwhenameteorite,uponstrikingthemoon,breaksoffapartofthemoon

D.adarkspotonthemoon,oncesupposedtobeasea,nowaplain

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.anasteroidislargerthanameteorite.

B.materialfromspace,uponhittingtheearth,waseventuallydistributed

C.theearth,atonetime,hadcraters

D.oceanwereformerlycraters

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.theoriginofcontinents

B.therelationshipbetweenastralphenomenaandthemoon

C.differencesofopinionamongauthoritativegeologists

D.therelationshipbetweenasteroidsandmeteorites

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.thebrokenrockresultingfromtheimpactofameteoriteagainsttheearth

B.materialthatexistsonplanetsotherthantheearth

C.acompositeofrocktypicalofcontinentalareasoftheearth

D.materialthatisman-madetosimulatematerialsthatexistedfarbackingeologicalhistory

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。A選項(xiàng)“是測(cè)定隕石坑深度和寬度的公式”，B選項(xiàng)“某一天體與月球或地球撞擊時(shí)填入的深谷”，C選項(xiàng)“當(dāng)隕星撞擊月亮?xí)r，撞掉的部分月亮而形成小星體”和D選項(xiàng)“月球上的一個(gè)黑點(diǎn)，一度認(rèn)識(shí)是海，現(xiàn)在知道是平原。根據(jù)文章第二段的前兩句“ThelargecraterontheMoonlistedbyBaldwinhasadiameterof285km.However,ifweacceptthehypothesesofformationofsomeofthemarebasinsbyimpact,themaximumlunarimpactcraterdiameterisprobablyaslargeas650km.”“鮑德溫所列出的月球上最大的隅#坑直徑為285公里?？墒?，如果我們接受了某些由于撞擊而形成海盆地的結(jié)構(gòu)假設(shè)，那么月球上最大隕石坑的直徑可能有650公里?！庇纱丝梢酝茢喑鰉arebasin為月球上的隕石坑，所以D選項(xiàng)正確。

細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第四段講到了Gilvarry用隕星撞擊來解釋海洋盆地的形成，這一模式的最大困難在于大多數(shù)海洋盆地結(jié)構(gòu)和撞擊情況不符，由此可以推斷出D選項(xiàng)‘作者不相信海洋是以前的隕石坑’正確。

細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章在第一段前三句“Theoriginofcontinentalnucleihaslongbeenapuzzle.Theoriesadvancedsofarhavegenerallyfailedtoexplainthefirststepincontinentgrowth,orhavebeensubjecttoseriousobjections.Itisthepurposeofthisarticletoexaminethepossibleroleoftheimpactoflargemeteoritesorasteroidsintheproductionofcontinentalnuclei.”“大陸核起源長期以來一直是個(gè)謎。進(jìn)展到現(xiàn)在的理論一般都不能說明大陸生長的第一步情況，或者遭到嚴(yán)厲的反對(duì)。這篇文章的目的就是要研究大隕星或小行星的撞擊在地球核生成中可能起的作用”推斷出A選項(xiàng)‘大陸的起源’正確。

細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第三段第三句“Donnatal.have,forexample,calledontheimpactofcontinent-sizebodiesofsialiccompositiontofromtheoriginalcontinents.”“例如，Donnatal.提出大陸區(qū)域大小的，硅鋁結(jié)構(gòu)的天體撞擊形成最初的大陸塊的設(shè)想”可以推斷C選項(xiàng)“地球大陸地區(qū)特有的巖石構(gòu)成”符合題意；A選項(xiàng)“由于隕星撞擊地球形成破碎的巖石”、B選項(xiàng)“存在于地球之外其它星球的材料”和D選項(xiàng)“人造材料模擬存在于遙遠(yuǎn)地質(zhì)史上的材料”均沒有在文中提及。

6.單選題

Extraordinarycreativeactivityhasbeencharacterizedasrevolutionary,flyinginthefaceofwhatisestablishedandproducingnotwhatisacceptablebutwhatwillbecomeaccepted.Accordingtothisformulation,highlycreativeactivitytranscendsthelimitsofanexistingformandestablishesanewprincipleoforganization.However,theideathatextraordinarycreativitytranscendsestablishedlimitsismisleadingwhenitisappliedtothearts,eventhoughitmaybevalidforthescience.Differencesbetweenhighlycreativeartandhighlycreativescienceariseinpartfromadifferenceintheirgoals.Forthesciences,anewtheoryisthegoalandendresultofthecreativeactInnovativescienceproducesnewpropositionsintermsofwhichdiversephenomenacanberelatedtooneanotherinmorecoherentways.Suchphenomenaasabrilliantdiamondoranestingbirdarerelegatedtotheroleofdata,servingasthemeansforformulatingortestinganewtheory.Thegoalofhighlycreativeartisdifferent:thephenomenonitselfbecomesthedirectproductofthecreativeact.Shakespeare'sHamletisnotatractaboutthebehaviorofindecisiveprincesortheusesofpoliticalpower,norisPicasso'spaintingGuernicaprimarilyapropositionalstatementabouttheSpanishCivilWarortheevilsoffascism.Whathighlycreativeactivityproducesisnotanewgeneralizationthattranscendsestablishedlimits,butratheranaestheticparticular.Aestheticparticularsproducedbythehighlycreativeartistextendorexploitratherthantranscendthatform.

Thisisnottodenythatahighlycreativeartistsometimesestablishesanewprincipleoforganizationinthehistoryofanartisticfield;thecomposerMonteverdi,whocreatedmusicofthehighestaestheticvalue,comestomind.Moregenerally,however,whetherornotacompositionestablishesanewprincipleinthehistoryofmusichasnobearingonitsaestheticworth.Becausetheyembodyanewprincipleoforganization,somemusicalworks,suchastheoperasoftheFlorentineCamerata,areofsignalhistoricalimportance,butfewlistenersormusicologistswouldincludetheseamongthegreatworksofmusic.Ontheotherhand,Mozart’sTheMarriageofFigaroissurelyamongthemasterpiecesofmusiceventhoughitsmodestinnovationsareconfinedtoextendingexistingmeans.IthasbeensaidofBeethoventhathetoppledtherulesandfreedmusicfromthestiflingconfinesofconvention.ButaclosestudyofhiscompositionrevealsthatBeethovenoverturnednofundamentalrules.Rather,hewasanincomparablestrategistwhoexploitedlimits—therules,forms,andconventionsthatheinheritedfrompredecessorssuchasHaydnandMozart,HandelandBachinstrikingoriginalways.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,distinctionsbetweenthoseengagedinthecreativeartsandinnaturalsciencescaninpartbeexplainedby(

).

2.WhyisBeethovenratedamonghighlycreativeartists,fromtheauthor’spointofview?

3.Thepassageimpliesthatanoriginalcontributioninscienceisonethat(

).

4.Whichofthefollowingwouldmostlikelyfollowthefinalsentenceofthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thedifferentobjectivesofthoseinvolvedintheserespectivepursuits

B.thedifferentmethodstheyemployincollectingdatatosupporttheirtheories

C.thedifferentwaysinwhichtheyattempttoextendacceptedconventionalforms

D.thedifferentprinciplesoforganizationthattheyutilizeinordertocreatenewworks

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Becausehesoughttobecometheonlycomposerofhistimetochallengeacceptedmusicalconventions.

B.Becauseheadoptedanewprincipleoforganizationinhisworkbyutilizinginnovativestrategies.

C.Becausehecreativelymanipulatedtheacceptedrulesandformsgoverningmusicalcomposition.

D.Becausehesynthesizedatranslationbetweentheolderstylisticconventionandthenewermusicalform.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.isoftenquotedintheworkofotherscientists

B.iscarefulnottomakeavaluejudgmentabouttheuseofdata

C.isapplaudedbyalldistinguishedexperimentalists

D.generatesanovelandwell-foundedgeneralization

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Inthesimilarmanner,severalmodecomposerssuccessfullyestablishedmusicalconventions.

B.Similarly,thesucceedinggenerationofcomposersmanipulatedacceptedmusicalforms.

C.IncontrasttoBeethoven,however,evengreatmodemcomposerslikeBelaBartokdidnotattempttoalteracceptedmusicalconventions.

D.Musicologistsarecontinuingtostudythecompositionalstylesofcomposersinordertodeterminewhethertheircontributionshavebeeninnovative.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。本題詢問在從事藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作和自然科學(xué)之間的差別。根據(jù)原文“Differencesbetweenhighlycreativeartandhighlycreativescienceariseinpartfromadifferenceintheirgoals.Forthesciences,anewtheoryisthegoalandendresultofthecreativeact.極富創(chuàng)意的藝術(shù)和極具創(chuàng)意的科學(xué)之間的差異來自于自己的目標(biāo)的差異。對(duì)于科學(xué)，新理論是創(chuàng)造性行為的目的和歸宿?！笨芍獌烧咧g的差異是在它們的目的不同，A選項(xiàng)正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容"IthasbeensaidofBeethoventhathetoppledtherulesandfreedmusicfromthestiflingconfinesofconvention.ButaclosestudyofhiscompositionrevealsthatBeethovenoverturnednofundamentalrules.Rather,hewasanincomparablestrategistwhoexploitedlimits—therules,forms,andconventionsthatheinheritedfrompredecessorssuchasHaydnandMozart,HandelandBach—instrikingoriginalways.有關(guān)貝多芬，人們稱他推翻了種種規(guī)則，將音樂從傳統(tǒng)的令人窒息的范圍中解放出來。然而，對(duì)他音樂作品一番細(xì)致的研究會(huì)揭示出貝多芬根本沒有推翻任何規(guī)則。實(shí)質(zhì)上，他是一個(gè)無以倫比的謀略家。善于以令人矚目的獨(dú)特方式利用各種局限從諸如海頓和莫扎特、亨德爾和巴赫這些前輩那里繼承而來的各種規(guī)則、形式和傳統(tǒng)?？芍狣選項(xiàng)‘他綜合了新舊音樂形式之間的轉(zhuǎn)換’正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)原文第一段最后一句“Whathighlycreativeactivityproducesisnotanewgeneralizationthattranscendsestablishedlimits,butratheranaestheticparticular.Aestheticparticularsproducedbythehighlycreativeartistextendorexploitratherthantranscendthatform.高度創(chuàng)造的藝術(shù)活動(dòng)所創(chuàng)造的，不是一種全新的、超越既已確立之局限的普遍性原則，而是一種美學(xué)上的獨(dú)特之物。由高度創(chuàng)造性的藝術(shù)家所創(chuàng)造的美學(xué)上的獨(dú)特事物，以一種富予創(chuàng)新的方式，拓寬或利用既存形式的局限，而不是超越那種形式本身?！笨芍@種科學(xué)方面的原始貢獻(xiàn)是具有創(chuàng)新性的東西，所以D選項(xiàng)“生成一種新穎的、有根據(jù)的概括”符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容“ButaclosestudyofhiscompositionrevealsthatBeethovenoverturnednofundamentalrules.Rather,hewasanincomparablestrategistwhoexploitedlimits—therules,forms,andconventionsthatheinheritedfrompredecessorssuchasHaydnandMozart,HandelandBach—instrikingoriginalways.”“然而，對(duì)他音樂作品一番細(xì)致的研究會(huì)揭示出貝多芬根本沒有推翻任何規(guī)則。實(shí)質(zhì)上，他是一個(gè)無以倫比的謀略家。善于以令人矚目的獨(dú)特方式利用各種局限——即他從諸如海頓和莫扎特、亨德爾和巴赫這些前輩那里繼承而來的各種規(guī)則、形式和傳統(tǒng)。以及本段中的論點(diǎn)：從另一方面來說，莫扎特的《費(fèi)加羅的婚禮》無疑屬于音樂的典范之作，雖然其樸素的創(chuàng)新僅限于將既存的創(chuàng)作手法予以拓展而已。”可知最后一句提到了從這些前輩繼承而來的各種規(guī)則和傳統(tǒng)，因此A選項(xiàng)“通過同樣的方法，這些模板作曲家成功地建立了音樂的規(guī)則”符合題意。

7.單選題

Wewerefourscoresleftbehindwithfiveminutestogo,sothegamelookedcompletely（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.irresistible

B.irremissible

C.irreplaceable

D.irretrievable

【答案】D

【解析】形容詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)的irresistible“不可抵抗的，不能壓制的”；B選項(xiàng)的irremissible“不可寬恕的，無法逃避的”;C選項(xiàng)的irreplaceable“不能調(diào)換的”；D選項(xiàng)的irretrievable“不能挽回的，不能復(fù)原的”。根據(jù)句意‘比賽還有五分鐘結(jié)束，我們落后四分，所以這場(chǎng)比賽看上去完全無法挽回’確定D選項(xiàng)正確。

8.翻譯題

中國有許多不同的宗教，如外來的佛教、基督教和伊斯蘭教，以及本土的道教。寺廟是中國人為尊重佛教，對(duì)佛教建筑的新稱呼。它是我國悠久歷史文化的象征，也是寶貴的藝術(shù)珍品。寺廟文化完整地保存了我國各個(gè)朝代的歷史文物，也滲透到國民生活的各個(gè)方面。各地一年一度的廟會(huì)不僅豐富了文化氛圍，也同時(shí)促進(jìn)了地方旅游業(yè)的發(fā)展。

【答案】TherearemanydifferentreligionsinChina,suchasforeignBuddhism,Christianity,IslamandnativeTaoism.“Temple”，anewnameforBuddhistarchitecture,embodiesChinesepeople’srespectforBuddhism.ItisasymboloflonghistoryandcultureinChinaandalsopreciousarttreasures.ThetempleculturehascompletelypreservedthehistoricalrelicsofvariousdynastiesinChina,andhaspenetratedintoallaspectsofnationallife.TheannualtemplefairsinallpartsofChinanotonlyenrichtheculturalatmosphere,butalsopromotethedevelopmentoflocaltourism.

9.單選題

Theabilityto（

）themselvesbycamouflageenablessomedefenselessanimalstosurvive.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.conceal

B.conceive

C.deceive

D.disguise

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)句意‘通過偽裝來隱藏自己的能力使得一些沒有攻擊性的動(dòng)物存活下來?！芍?，這里是指一些動(dòng)物通過偽裝自己而求得生存。A選項(xiàng)conceal“隱藏，隱瞞”；B選項(xiàng)conceive“懷孕，構(gòu)思”；C選項(xiàng)deceive“欺騙，行騙”；D選項(xiàng)disguise當(dāng)動(dòng)詞吋意為“掩飾，隱瞞”；concealoneself意為“潛伏，埋伏”；而disguiseoneself意為“隱藏自己”，更符合語境，D選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

YourParadiseusedtobeafinemagazine,butnowthatitthetasteofacompletelydifferentreadingpublicit（

）hasgonedowninquality.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.deflectsfrom

B.flirtswith

C.catersto

D.hingeson

【答案】C

【解析】動(dòng)詞短語詞義辨析題。A選項(xiàng)deflectfrom“從……偏斜”；B選項(xiàng)flirtwith“同…調(diào)情；不認(rèn)真考慮”；C選項(xiàng)caterto“迎合…口味；為…服務(wù)”；D選項(xiàng)hingeon“取決于……；以……為轉(zhuǎn)移”。根據(jù)句意‘你們的《天堂》雜志本應(yīng)該是一本優(yōu)秀的期刊，但是現(xiàn)在卻來滿足完全不同的公眾閱讀口味，從而導(dǎo)致明顯下降的質(zhì)量?！芍@里表示迎合公眾閱讀的口味，C選項(xiàng)正確。

11.翻譯題

世界上最幸福的十種工作很多職場(chǎng)新人都曾夢(mèng)想找到一份理想工作，做喜歡的事，享受那份喜悅。而現(xiàn)實(shí)往往不盡人意，人們總是抱怨著自己的工作。本文為你盤點(diǎn)了十種最幸福的工作。

神職人員：最不諳世事的工作據(jù)說是最幸福的工作。

消防員：消防員的工作能給人們提供幫助，而80%的消防員都表示對(duì)自己的工作“非常滿意”。

理療師:社會(huì)互動(dòng)和幫助他人明顯使得這份工作是最幸福的工作之一。

作家：對(duì)于大多數(shù)作家來說，他們的報(bào)酬少得可憐，或者根本沒有，但是寫下自己心中所想顯然會(huì)帶來快樂。

特殊教育老師：如果你不在乎金錢，特殊教育老師這個(gè)工作或許是個(gè)幸福的職業(yè)。

教師：盡管當(dāng)前存在著教育經(jīng)費(fèi)和教室條件的問題，一般來說教師們還是感到自己的工作很幸福的。

這一職業(yè)繼續(xù)吸引著年輕的理想主義者，盡管有50%的新教師都在5年以內(nèi)選擇轉(zhuǎn)行了。

藝術(shù)家：雕刻家和畫家據(jù)稱是工作滿意度最高的職業(yè)，盡管在這一職業(yè)上謀生有著相當(dāng)大的困難。

心理學(xué)家：心理學(xué)家不一定能解決其他人的問題，但是似乎他們已經(jīng)解決了自己的問題。

金融理財(cái)銷售代理:據(jù)報(bào)道65%的金融理財(cái)銷售代理認(rèn)為自己的工作很幸福。這大概是因?yàn)樗麄冎械囊恍┤嗽谑娣霓k公環(huán)境中工作，每周工作40個(gè)小時(shí)，平均每年掙9萬多美元。

施工工程師：擺弄那些大型玩具可能是很有趣的，比如推土機(jī)、前載車、反鏟挖土機(jī)、刮土機(jī)、平地機(jī)、裝載機(jī)、起重機(jī)、大型水泵以及空氣壓縮機(jī)。同時(shí)施工工程師的工作供不應(yīng)求，這使他們感覺很幸福。

【答案】Formostauthors,thepayisridiculouslylowornon-existent,buttheautonomyofwritingdownthecontentsofyourownmindapparentlyleadstohappiness.

Despitethecurrentissueswitheducationfundingandclassroomconditions,teachersingeneralreportbeinghappywiththeirjobs.

Thecareercontinuestoattractyoungidealists,although50percentofnewteacherswillswitchtoanotherjobwithinfiveyears.

Sculptorsandpaintersaresaidtobethemostsatisfiedjob,despitethegreatdifficultyinmakingalivingfromit.

Thatcouldhavethereasonthatsomeofthemareclearingmorethan$90,000dollarsayearonaveragefora40-hourworkweekinacomfortableofficeenvironment.

12.單選題

Becausemanyofthemineralsfoundontheoceanfloorarestill（

）onlandwhereminingisrelativelyinexpensive,miningtheoceanfloorhasyettobecomea（

）enterprise.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.mon

B.accessible...marginal

C.unidentified...subsidized

D.fitable

【答案】D

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)的scarce“缺乏的，罕見的”；common“普通的，常見的，共有的，一般的，平常的”；B選項(xiàng)的accessible“可到達(dá)的，可進(jìn)入的，易懂的，易接近的”；marginal“邊緣的，末端的”;C選項(xiàng)的unidentified“未經(jīng)確認(rèn)的，無法識(shí)別的，身份不明的”；subsidize“給與補(bǔ)助金，賄賂”；D選項(xiàng)的plentiful“大量的，眾多的，充足的，豐富的”；profitable“有利的，贏利的”。根據(jù)句意‘由于海底發(fā)現(xiàn)的許多礦物在陸地上仍然大量存在，且陸地上開采又相對(duì)廉價(jià)，因此，對(duì)海底開采還有待于變成一種有利可圖的事業(yè)’確定D選項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

Thelatterisnolessimportantthantheformer,andifbibliographicaldecisionsaremadewrongly,noamountoflogisticinformationcan（

）thesituation.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.envisage

B.disperse

C.diffuse

D.redeem

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)envisage“正視，面對(duì)”；B選項(xiàng)disperse“分散，分開，使傳播”；C選項(xiàng)diffuse“擴(kuò)散”；D選項(xiàng)redeem“贖回，挽救”。根據(jù)句意‘后者比前者更重要，并且如果最終書目決定錯(cuò)了，即使再多的邏輯信息也無法挽救這個(gè)局面。’D選項(xiàng)正確。

14.寫作題

Directions:Forthispart,youarerequiredtosummarizethemainideaofthefollowingpassageinplainlanguageinnomorethan50words.Youshouldwriteyoursummaryontheansweringsheer.

Whetherwelikeitornot,theworldweliveinhaschangedagreatdealinthelasthundredyears,anditislikelytochangeevenmoreinthenexthundred.Somepeoplewouldliketostopthesechangesandgobacktowhattheyseeasapurerandsimplerage.Butashistoryshows,thepastwasnotthatwonderful.Itwasnotsobadforaprivilegedminority,thougheventheyhadtodowithoutmodemmedicine,andchildbirthwashighlyriskyforwomen.Butforthevastmajorityofthepopulation,lifewasnasty,brutish,andshort.

Ifweacceptthatwecannotpreventscienceandtechnologyfromchangingourworld,wecanatleasttrytoensurethatthechangestheymakeareintherightdirections.Inademocraticsociety,thismeansthatthepublicneedstohaveabasicunderstandingofscience.Sothatitcanmakeinformeddecisionsandnotleavetheminthehandsofexperts.Atthemoment,thepublicisintwomindsaboutscience.Ithascometoexpectthesteadyincreaseinthestandardoflivingthatnewdevelopmentsinscienceandtechnologyhavebroughttocontinue,butitalsodistrustssciencebecauseitdoesn’tunderstandit.ThisdistrustisevidentinthecartoonfigureofthemadscientistworkinginhislaboratorytoproduceaFrankenstein.ItisalsoanimportantelementbehindsupportfortheGreenparties.Butthepublicalsohasagreatinterestinscience,particularlyastronomy,asisshownb