2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-湖南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)63

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-湖南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大小）題型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Afterseveralnucleardisasters,a（

）hasragedoverthesafetyofnuclearenergy.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.quarrel

B.suspicion

C.verdict

D.controversy

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)quarrel“爭(zhēng)執(zhí)”；B選項(xiàng)suspicion“懷疑”C選項(xiàng)verdict“結(jié)論，裁定”；D選項(xiàng)controversy“辯論，論戰(zhàn)”。句意：在幾次核事故后，（）在關(guān)于核能源安全問(wèn)題上的（）開(kāi)始激烈。這里根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞rage，固而答案選D。quarrel是指人與人之間相互產(chǎn)生了不愉快的事情產(chǎn)生的爭(zhēng)論、吵架，所以不能選。

2.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

TheMoon,whichhasundergoneadistinctandcomplexgeologicalhistory,presentsastrikingappearance.Themoonmaybedividedintotwomajorterrains:themaria(darklowlands)andtheterrace(brighthighlands).Thecontrastinthereflectivity(thecapabilityofreflectinglight)ofthesetwoterrainssuggestedtomanyearlyobserversthatthetwoterrainsmighthavedifferentcompositions,andthissuppositionwasconfirmedbymissionstotheMoonsuchasSurveyorandApollo.Oneofthemostobviousdifferencesbetweentheterrainsisthesmoothnessofthemariaincontrasttotheroughnessofthehighlands.Thisroughnessismostlycausedbytheabundanceofcraters;thehighlandsarecompletelycoveredbylargecraters(greaterthan40-50kmindiameter),whilethecratersofthemariatendtobemuchsmaller.ItisnowknownthatthevastmajorityoftheMoon’scraterswereformedbytheimpactofsolidbodieswiththelunarsurface.

MostofthenearsideoftheMoonwasthoroughlymappedandstudiedfromtelescopicpicturesyearsbeforetheageofspaceexploration.Earth-basedtelescopescanresolveobjectsassmallasafewhundredmetersonthelunarsurface.Closeobservationofcraters,combinedwiththewaytheMoondiffuselyreflectssunlight,ledtotheunderstandingthattheMooniscoveredbyasurfacelayer,orregolith,whichoverliesthesolidrockoftheMoon.Telescopicimagespermittedthecatalogingofabewilderingarrayoflandforms.Craterswerestudiedforcluestotheirorigin,thelargecircularmariaweremapped.Wispymarksonthesurface(knownasrays)emanatingfromcertaincraterswereseen.Strange,sinuousfeatureswereobservedinthemaria.Althoughvariouslandformswerecatalogued,themajorityofastronomers’attentionwasfixedoncratersandtheirorigins.

Astronomershaveknownforafairlylongtimethattheshapeofcraterschangesastheyincreaseinsize.Smallcraterswithdiametersoflessthan10-15kmhaverelativelysimpleshapes.Theyhaverimcreststhatareelevatedabovethesurroundingterrain,smooth,bowl-shapedinteriors,anddepthsthatareaboutone-fifthtoone-sixththeirdiameters.Thecomplexityofshapeincreasesforlargercraters.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Theunderlinedword“undergone”inLine1isclosestinmeaningto（

）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,themariadifferfromtheterracemainlyintermsof（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassagelunarresearchershavefocusedmostlyon（

）.

5.Thepassageprobablycontinueswithadiscussionof（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.WhatastronomerslearnedfromtheSurveyorandApollospacemissions.

B.CharacteristicsofthemajorterrainsoftheMoon.

C.TheoriginoftheMoon’scraters.

D.TechniquesusedtocataloguetheMoon’slandforms.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.altered

B.substituted

C.experienced

D.preserved

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.age

B.mannerofcreation

C.size

D.composition

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.thepossibilityoffindingwaterontheMoon

B.thelunarregolith

C.catalogingvariouslandformations

D.cratersandtheirorigins

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.thereasonscratersaredifficulttostudy

B.thedifferentshapes

C.somefeaturesoflargecraters

D.somedifferenceinthewayssmallandlargecraterswereformed

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:主旨大意題。A選項(xiàng)“天文學(xué)家從勘測(cè)者號(hào)和阿波羅號(hào)太空任務(wù)中學(xué)到了什么”；B選項(xiàng)“月球主要地形的特征”；C選項(xiàng)“月球隕石坑的起源”：D選項(xiàng)“用來(lái)記錄月球地貌的技術(shù)”。根據(jù)題干定位到第一段第一句話TheMoon,whichhasundergoneadistinctandcomplexgeologicalhistory,presentsastrikingappearance.（月球經(jīng)歷了獨(dú)特而復(fù)雜的地質(zhì)歷史，呈現(xiàn)出驚人的外觀。）第二段倒數(shù)第一二句話Strange,sinuousfeatureswereobservedinthemaria.Althoughvariouslandformswerecatalogued,themajorityofastronomers’attentionwasfixedoncratersandtheirorigins.（在月海中觀察到奇怪的、彎曲的特征。雖然有各種各樣的地貌，但天文學(xué)家的注意力主要集中在隕石坑和它們的起源上。）從這里可以看出文章都是圍繞著月球的地形地貌展開(kāi)的，所以答案選B；C選項(xiàng)只是提及沒(méi)有具體展開(kāi)講，而且文章不止講了月球上的隕石坑還有相當(dāng)一部分內(nèi)容是講的月海（maria），所以不能選，A、D選項(xiàng)不符合題意。

第2題:詞義推測(cè)題。A選項(xiàng)“改變”；B選項(xiàng)“取代”；C選項(xiàng)“經(jīng)歷”；D選項(xiàng)“保存”。第一段第一句話TheMoon,whichhasundergoneadistinctandcomplexgeologicalhistory,presentsastrikingappearance.（月球經(jīng)歷了獨(dú)特而復(fù)雜的地質(zhì)歷史，呈現(xiàn)出驚人的外觀）。從這句undergone的意思是經(jīng)歷，這個(gè)和選項(xiàng)C相近，所以答案選C。

第3題:詞義推測(cè)題。A選項(xiàng)“年齡”；B選項(xiàng)“創(chuàng)造的方式”；C選項(xiàng)“尺寸”；D選項(xiàng)“成分”。第一段第三四五句話…observersthatthetwoterrainsmighthavedifferentcompositions…Oneofthemostobviousdifferencesbetweentheterrainsisthesmoothnessofthemariaincontrasttotheroughnessofthehighlands.Thisroughnessismostlycausedbytheabundanceofcraters;thehighlandsarecompletelycoveredbylargecraters（……觀察者認(rèn)為這兩種地形可能有不同的組成……這兩種地形最明顯的區(qū)別之一就是平坦的海地與粗糙的高地形成對(duì)比。這種粗糙度主要是由大量的隕石坑造成的；高地完全被大型火山口所覆蓋），從這里可知因?yàn)榻M成成分不同所以造成了兩者的不同，而兩者的不同主要是粗糙程度，粗糙程度是因?yàn)殡E石坑多的地方就很粗糙，而月海沒(méi)有隕石坑，所以不那么粗糙，歸根結(jié)底主要還是構(gòu)成的地形不一樣，所以答案選D。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干：根據(jù)文章，月球研究人員主要關(guān)注的是……A選項(xiàng)“在月球上找到水的可能性”；B選項(xiàng)“月球表面風(fēng)化層”；C選項(xiàng)“各種地形分類”；D選項(xiàng)“隕石坑和它們的起源”。根據(jù)題干定位到第二段最后一句話Althoughvariouslandformswerecatalogued,themajorityofastronomers’attentionwasfixedoncratersandtheirorigins.（雖然有各種各樣的地貌，但天文學(xué)家的注意力主要集中在隕石坑和它們的起源上），由此可知科學(xué)家的重點(diǎn)是在隕石坑及其起源，所以答案選D；其他選項(xiàng)文章沒(méi)有提及。

第5題:判斷推理題。題干：這篇文章可能會(huì)繼續(xù)討論。A選項(xiàng)“隕石坑形成的原因很難研究”，B選項(xiàng)“不同的形狀”，C選項(xiàng)“一些大型隕石坑的特征”；D選項(xiàng)“大小隕石坑形成的方式有些不同”。定位到文章最后一段Astronomershaveknownforafairlylongtimethattheshapeofcraterschangesastheyincreaseinsize.Smallcraterswithdiametersoflessthan10-15kmhaverelativelysimpleshapes.Theyhaverimcreststhatareelevatedabovethesurroundingterrain,smooth,bowl-shapedinteriors,anddepthsthatareaboutone-fifthtoone-sixththeirdiameters.Thecomplexityofshapeincreasesforlargercraters.（天文學(xué)家很早就知道，隕石坑的形狀會(huì)隨著體積的增大而改變。直徑小于10-15公里的小隕石坑形狀相對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單。它們的邊緣嵴高于周圍的地形，光滑的碗狀內(nèi)部，深度約為直徑的五分之一到六分之一。隕石坑越大，其形狀的復(fù)雜性就越大），文章最后一段描寫了小隕石坑的一些特征，然后最后一句話說(shuō)的是隕石坑越大，形狀越復(fù)雜，所以從這里可以推斷接下來(lái)文章會(huì)要講大隕石坑的結(jié)構(gòu)和特征了，因此答案選C。

3.單選題

Afterlongnegotiations,thefirm________tobuildadouble-purposebridgeacrosstheriver.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.contracted

B.contacted

C.consulted

D.convinced

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)contracted“協(xié)定”；B選項(xiàng)contacted“聯(lián)系”；C選項(xiàng)consulted“咨詢”；D選項(xiàng)convinced“使相信，使確信”。句意：經(jīng)歷了長(zhǎng)久的協(xié)商后，公司（）在河上建一座兩用橋。從negotiation可知，修橋這件事經(jīng)過(guò)商討的，協(xié)商后得出了要建兩用橋，因而答案選A最為合適。

4.單選題

Arecentsurveysuggestedthatifmoneywerenotanissue,mostmothers________nottoworkatall.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.shouldprefer

B.prefer

C.wouldprefer

D.preferred

【答案】C

【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法。選項(xiàng)里面都有prefer，句意是：一項(xiàng)調(diào)查顯示如果不是因?yàn)榻?jīng)濟(jì)問(wèn)題，多數(shù)母親更愿意選擇不工作。從if可以聯(lián)想到條件句，后面接的是were，可知這是個(gè)虛擬的條件，否則be動(dòng)詞形式我們會(huì)選was或者is，因虛擬語(yǔ)氣的主句謂語(yǔ)形式是would+原形或者wouldhavedone，所以B和D不能選，should的本意是“應(yīng)該”，would的意思是“將會(huì)”，選would句意會(huì)更加貼切，所以我們應(yīng)該選C。

5.單選題

Imusttakethiswatchtoberepaired;it（

）overtwentyminutesaday.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.increases

B.progresses

C.accelerates

D.gains

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)increases“增加”；B選項(xiàng)progresses“進(jìn)步”；C選項(xiàng)accelerates“加速”；D選項(xiàng)gains“獲得，（鐘表等）走快”。句意：我必須去把表修一修，這塊表每天（）超過(guò)二十分鐘。從句意可以看出表壞了，具體是因?yàn)槊刻於嘧?0多分鐘，這里符合題意的只有D選項(xiàng)，答案選D。

6.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Someaccepttheirfate.Otherstrytoreasonwiththepoliceofficerwhohaspulledthemoverforsomerealorimaginedtrafficoffense.Butwhenlawenforcementisrepresentedbyacomputer-drivencamerathathasimmortalizedyourviolationonfilm—asisthecaseathundredsofintersectionsinmorethan100citiesaroundtheU.S.—it’shardtotalkyourwayoutofaheavyfine.Yetthatispreciselywhatsome300motoristsinSanDiegosucceededindoinglastweekwhenasuperiorcourtjudgerulesthatpicturestakenbytheso-calledred-lightcameraswereunreliableandthereforeunacceptable.

ThefirstU.S.Courtdecisiontorejectallthetrafficviolationscaughtoncameras;therulingbyJudgeRonaldStynhasfueleddebateoverthegrowinguseofthedevices.Policedepartmentsswear,andstudiesindicate,thattherobotcamerasdeterpeoplefromspeedingandrunningredlights.ALouHarrispollsetforreleasethisweekfindsthat69%ofAmericanssupporttheiruse.Yetatleastsevenstateshaveblockedproposalstoimplementthem,andopponents—rangingfromHousemajorityleaderDickArmeytotheAmericanCivilLibertiesUnion—arguethatthecamerasviolateprivacyandplaceprofitabovepublicsafety.

Partoftheproblemisthatvirtuallyallthedevicesinplaceareoperatedbyprivatefirmsthathandleeverythingfrominstallingthemachinerytoidentifyingviolations—oftenwithminimalpoliceoversight—andhaveanincentivetopullinasmanydriversastheycan.Thecompaniesgetpaidasmuchas$70aticket,andthetotalrevenueishardlychumpchange.SanDiegohasgotin$15.9millionlastyearandWashington$12.8million.“It’sallaboutmoney,”saysCongressmanBobBarr,aleadingcritic.Notso,insistsTerranceGainer,Washington’sexecutiveassistantchiefofpolice.“Wehavereducedfatalities.IfsomecompanyismakingmoneyoffthatthatisAmericanway.”

Criticscounterthattheremustbeother,lessintrusivewaystomakeintersectionssafer,suchaslengtheningtheyellowlightandaddingturnlanes.“Iobjecttothisfixationwehavewithcamerasandelectronicallygatheredinformation,”saysBan.“Itplacestoomuchconfidenceintechnology.”Thatconfidence,asWashingtonresidentshavelearned,canbemisplaced.ThecityremovedonecameralastMaythathadgeneratedmorethan19,000ticketsataparticularlyconfusingintersection.InSanDiego,faultysensorsmadedriversappeartobegoingfasterthantheyreallywere.ThecitysuspendedthesysteminJuly.

Anotherconcernisprivacy.WhilesystemsinWashington,MarylandandNorthCarolinaphotographnothingbuttherearofthecar,othersinArizona,CaliforniaandColoradotakeapictureofthedriver’sseataswell—abitofelectronicmonitoringthatcouldlandstrayingspousesintroublealotmoreseriousthanatrafficviolation.

InEurope,whererobotcamerasaredeployedbythethousandsandareevenlesspopularthantheyarehere,resentfuldrivershavestartedtotakemattersintotheirownhands,seekingouthiddencamerasandknockingthemoverwiththeircars.

1.Itismainlyindicatedinthefirstparagraphthat________.

2.Thecourtdecisionlastweek________.

3.Opponents’argumentsagainstcamerasincludeallthefollowingEXCEPT________.

4.Policedepartmentbelievesthat________.

5.Thephrase“chumpchange”inthethirdparagraphisclosestinmeaningto________.

6.Accordingtothepassage,BobBarr________.

7.Thewriter’sattitudetowardsrobotcamerascanbebestexpressedas________.

8.SomedriversinEuropeancountries________.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.mostpeoplerespondintensivelywhencaughtintrafficoffense

B.motoristscanbewronglyaccusedbypoliceofficers

C.speederscannotdefendthemselvesbeforered-lightcameras

D.computer-drivencamerassometimesdotelllies

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.triggeredadisputeovertheuseofrobotcameras

B.excusedfewcamera-caughtviolatorsfrompunishment

C.foundfewerred-lightcamerasupportersinAmerica

D.deterredsomestatesfromimplementingcameradevices

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.theyintrudeintopeople’sprivacy

B.theygiveprioritytothepursuitofprofit

C.theyareoperatedbyprivatefirms

D.theyareunderthesupervisionofpolice

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.robotcamerasshouldnotbeoperatedbyprivatefirms

B.robotcamerasareeffectiveinmaintainingtrafficorder

C.speedingisthemajorcauseoftrafficfatalities

D.companiesoperatingcamerasshouldnotpursuemoney

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.trivial

B.moderate

C.enormous

D.indefinite

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.isthemajorityleaderintheHouseofRepresentatives

B.isstronglyagainsttheAmericanwayofmakingmoney

C.lacksconfidenceinmoderntechnology

D.doubtstheauthenticityofelectronicallygatheredinformation

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.positive

B.negative

C.indifferent

D.uncertain

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.stronglysupportedtheuseofred-lightcameras

B.destroythousandsoftherobotcameras

C.taketheinitiativeintheuseofrobotcameras

D.takedrasticmeasureswithrobotcameras

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

第6題:B

第7題:D

第8題:D

【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。題干提到第一段話暗示什么。文章第一段第一句話說(shuō)Someaccepttheirfate.（一些人接受了命運(yùn)（被抓到真實(shí)的或者虛假的交通違規(guī)要罰款的命運(yùn)）），根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞some可知，A選項(xiàng)“大部分人被抓到交通違規(guī)之后反應(yīng)很強(qiáng)烈”錯(cuò)誤；B選項(xiàng)“摩托車司機(jī)可能會(huì)被警察錯(cuò)誤地指控了”文中沒(méi)有提及；C選項(xiàng)“超速者在被紅燈攝像頭抓到后不能為自己辯護(hù)”錯(cuò)誤，第一段這個(gè)例子就是說(shuō)300名駕車者在被紅燈攝像頭抓到違規(guī)，起訴交警部門后勝訴了，所以說(shuō)超速者是可以為自己辯護(hù)的；第一段最后一句話…picturestakenbytheso-calledred-lightcameraswereunreliableandthereforeunacceptable（……所謂的“紅燈攝像頭”拍攝的照片不可靠，因此不可接受），這就是說(shuō)D選項(xiàng)“紅路燈會(huì)說(shuō)謊”正確。

第2題:推理判斷題。句意指法院的決定產(chǎn)生了什么樣的影響。我們定位到第二段第一句話…therulingbyJudgeRonaldStynhasfueleddebateoverthegrowinguseofthedevices.（法官RonaldStyn這項(xiàng)決定更加激發(fā)了關(guān)于增加使用該設(shè)備的決定），從fueled這個(gè)詞可知并不是這項(xiàng)判決引起的討論，而是討論本身就存在，判決加重了討論，A選項(xiàng)“引發(fā)了關(guān)于是否使用攝像頭的討論”錯(cuò)誤；B選項(xiàng)“判決赦免了少部分闖紅燈被抓者的處罰”；C選項(xiàng)“判決發(fā)現(xiàn)支持紅燈攝像頭的人更少”，這兩項(xiàng)文中都沒(méi)有提及；定位到第二段第三句話ALouHarrispollsetforreleasethisweekfindsthat69%ofAmericanssupporttheiruse.Yetatleastsevenstateshaveblockedproposalstoimplementthem（LouHarris將于本周發(fā)布的民意調(diào)查顯示，69%的美國(guó)人支持使用該設(shè)備。但是，至少有7個(gè)州打回了關(guān)于安裝這些設(shè)備的提案），所以D選項(xiàng)“阻止了一些州安裝攝像頭”正確。

第3題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“Opponents”（反對(duì)者），我們定位到文章第二段倒數(shù)第三行opponents…arguethatthecamerasviolateprivacyandplaceprofitabovepublicsafety.（反對(duì)者……認(rèn)為這些攝像頭侵犯了隱私，而且把盈利置于公共安全之上），所以A、B可以排除；再定位到第三段第一句Partoftheproblemisthatvirtuallyallthedevicesinplaceareoperatedbyprivatefirmsthathandleeverythingfrominstallingthemachinerytoidentifyingviolations—oftenwithminimalpoliceoversight—andhaveanincentivetopullinasmanydriversastheycan.（部分問(wèn)題在于，幾乎所有的設(shè)備都是由私人公司操作的，他們負(fù)責(zé)從安裝機(jī)器到識(shí)別違規(guī)行為的所有事情——通常是在最少的警察監(jiān)督下——并有盡可能多地吸引司機(jī)的動(dòng)機(jī)。），這里可知C選項(xiàng)“攝像頭確實(shí)是私人公司安裝的”排除；從關(guān)鍵詞minimal可知D選項(xiàng)“攝像頭是在警察的監(jiān)控之下的”是錯(cuò)誤的，所以答案選D。

第4題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞policedepartmentbelieves我們定位到文章第二段第二句：Policedepartmentsswear,andstudiesindicate,thattherobotcamerasdeterpeoplefromspeedingandrunningredlights.（警察部門發(fā)誓，研究表明，機(jī)器人攝像頭可以阻止人們超速和闖紅燈。）第三段最后兩句話Notso,insistsTerranceGainer,Washington’sexecutiveassistantchiefofpolice.“Wehavereducedfatalities.”（但事實(shí)并非如此，華盛頓警察局執(zhí)行助理局長(zhǎng)特倫斯?蓋納（TerranceGainer）堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為。“我們減少了死亡人數(shù)。”）這兩句可以看出交警部門認(rèn)為攝像頭維持了交通秩序，所以選B選項(xiàng)“攝像頭有效地維持了交通秩序”。A選項(xiàng)“攝像頭不應(yīng)該由私人公司運(yùn)營(yíng)”，D選項(xiàng)“公司運(yùn)營(yíng)攝像頭的目的不應(yīng)該賺錢”，這兩個(gè)都不是交警部門的看法，C選項(xiàng)“超速是交通致死事故的主要原因”，文章沒(méi)有提及。

第5題:詞匯推斷題。A選項(xiàng)“細(xì)微的”；B選項(xiàng)“普遍的”；C選項(xiàng)“巨大的”D選項(xiàng)“無(wú)限的”。根據(jù)題干定位到“chumpchange”所在的句子，即第三段第二句話“Thecompaniesgetpaidasmuchas$70aticket,andthetotalrevenueishardlychumpchange.（該公司每張罰單能夠收到多達(dá)70美元的罰款，因而該公司總收入相當(dāng)可觀）”，我們根據(jù)后面的第三段三四句SanDiegohasgotin$15.9millionlastyearandWashington$12.8million.“It’sallaboutmoney,”saysCongressmanBobBarr,aleadingcritic.（圣地亞哥去年入賬1590萬(wàn)美元，華盛頓入賬1280萬(wàn)美元?！斑@一切都是關(guān)于錢，”國(guó)會(huì)議員鮑勃?巴爾如是說(shuō)，他是主要的批評(píng)者。），從這句可以看出，華盛頓和圣地亞哥收到的交通罰款數(shù)量巨大，不然不會(huì)受到來(lái)自國(guó)會(huì)議員的批評(píng)。由此推測(cè)，答案選A。

第6題:判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干中的人名定位到文中提到該人物的地方，即第三段第四句“It’sallaboutmoney”,saysCongressmanBobBarr,aleadingcritic.（“這一切都是關(guān)于錢”國(guó)會(huì)議員鮑勃?巴爾如是說(shuō)，他是主要的批評(píng)者。）所以選B選項(xiàng)“鮑勃?巴爾強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)美國(guó)特殊賺錢方式”。A選項(xiàng)“鮑勃?巴爾是眾議院的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者”不符合文意，鮑勃?巴爾是安裝攝像頭的主要的反對(duì)者但是不是眾議院的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者，排除A；C選項(xiàng)“鮑勃?巴爾對(duì)技術(shù)是否充滿信心”，文中沒(méi)有提及，排除；D選項(xiàng)“質(zhì)疑電子收集信息的權(quán)威性”文中也沒(méi)有提及。

第7題:觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。A選項(xiàng)“積極”；B選項(xiàng)“消極”；C選項(xiàng)“漠不關(guān)心”；D選項(xiàng)“不確定”。整篇文章作者只是比較客觀地描述了一些現(xiàn)象，文章中沒(méi)有明顯的句子或者詞語(yǔ)表現(xiàn)出作者的態(tài)度，所以對(duì)于作者的態(tài)度我們是不明確的，答案選D。

第8題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干的關(guān)鍵詞“driversinEuropeancountries”，我們定位到最后一段“InEurope,whererobotcamerasaredeployedbythethousandsandareevenlesspopularthantheyarehere,resentfuldrivershavestartedtotakemattersintotheirownhands,seekingouthiddencamerasandknockingthemoverwiththeircars.（在歐洲，部署了數(shù)以千計(jì)的攝像頭并且這些攝像頭甚至比在這里（美國(guó)）更不受歡迎，心懷不滿的司機(jī)們已經(jīng)開(kāi)始采取行動(dòng)，尋找隱藏的攝像頭，并用汽車撞倒它們。）”，由此答案選D選項(xiàng)“采用極端的手段對(duì)付攝像頭”，從最后一段可以看出，歐洲司機(jī)也不支持?jǐn)z像頭的安裝，所以A選項(xiàng)“支持?jǐn)z像頭的安裝”錯(cuò)誤；B選項(xiàng)“數(shù)以千計(jì)的攝像頭被毀壞”，數(shù)以千計(jì)的攝像頭是總數(shù)而不是被毀壞的數(shù)量，所以不選；C選項(xiàng)“歐洲首先使用攝像頭”文章沒(méi)有提及，所以排除。

7.單選題

Heistooyoungtobeableto________betweenrightandwrong.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.discard

B.discern

C.disperse

D.disregard

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)“拋棄”；B選項(xiàng)“辨別，察覺(jué)”；C選項(xiàng)“分散”；D選項(xiàng)“不理睬”。句意：他太年輕了不能（）對(duì)與錯(cuò)。對(duì)錯(cuò)之間是需要判斷的，所以答案選B。

8.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Thetwo-month-oldbabyhashardlyrousedhimselffromthelongnightofhisfirstweeksinthisworldwhenheisconfrontedwithsomeofthedifficultproblemsoftherace.Weinvitehimtostudythenatureofreality,todifferentiateselfandnon-self,andtoestablishusefulcriteriaineachofthesecategories.

Asimilarprojectinacademicresearchwouldrequireextensivelaboratoryequipmentandpersonnel;tobefairaboutit,ithastakenjustthattoreconstructtheexperimentsoftheinfant.Andtherearefewgrownandqualifiedscientistswhocanequaltheinfantforzealandenergyinsortingouttherawdatainthisproject.Hisequipmentislimitedtohissensoryorgans,hishands,hismouth,andaprimitivememoryapparatus.

Attwomonths,aswehaveseen,herecognizesanobjectthatweknowtobeahumanfaceandweknowtobeanobjectoutsidehimself.Buttothebabythisisjustanimage,animageincidentallythathecan’tdifferentiatefromthementalimage,thepictureinmemory.Butthisfaceisonepieceinthejigsawpuzzle—akeypiece,wethink.Thengraduallyintheweekstocometheassociationofbreastorbottle,ofhands,voice,amultitudeofpleasurablesenseexperiencesbegintoclusteraroundthisfaceandtoformthecrudeimageofaperson.

Meantimetheinfantisconductingaseriesofcomplicatedexperimentsinsensorydiscrimination.Wemustrememberthatintheearlymonthshedoesnotdiscriminatebetweenhisbodyandotherbodies.Whenheclutchesthefingerofhismotherorhisfatherhedoesn’tseeitassomeoneelse’sfingerandhisbehaviorindicatesthathetreatsitexactlythesameashedoeshisownfinger.Ittakeshimsometime,infact,torecognizehisownhandatsightandtoacquireevenarudimentaryfeelingthatthisispartofhisownbody.Inthefirstgroupofexperimentshediscoversthattheobjectthatpassesoccasionallyinfrontofhiseyes(whichweknowtobehishand)isthesameastheobjectwithvisualandtastequalitiesthathecanidentify.Inanotherexperimentalserieshediscoversthatthesensationsthataccompanytheintroductionofthisobjectintohismoutharedifferentfromthoseexperiencedwhenhetakesanippleintohismouth:oratoy,orhismother’sorfather’sfinger.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,“someofthedifficultproblemsoftherace”(Para.1)refersto________.

2.Theauthorcomparesababywithascientist(Para.2)inordertomakethepointthat________.

3.Theauthorapparentlybelievesthatinfancylearningbeginswith________.

4.Theaccountofhowaninfantlearnstodiscriminatebetweenhisownbodyandthebodyofotherssuggeststhat________.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.figuringoutwhatisimaginary

B.beingabletomakedistinctions

C.understandingthatdreamsarenotreal

D.findingtheexactpositionofoneself

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.infantsaretirelessintheireffortstounderstandtheirenvironments

B.infantsuseaformofthescientificmethod

C.scientificexperimentationistimeconsuming

D.manyscientificstudieshavebeendoneonhowinfantslearn

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.feelingofbeingloved

B.thebaby’ssenses

C.imagesthattheinfantsees

D.ideasstoredintheinfant’smemory

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.thereareseveraldifferenttheoriesabouttheprocess

B.thediscriminationprocessfollowsaprecisesequence

C.somebabieslearnmorequicklythanothers

D.malebabieslearndifferentlyfromfemalebabies

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到文章第一段第三句Weinvitehimtostudythenatureofreality,todifferentiateselfandnon-self,andtoestablishusefulcriteriaineachofthesecategories.（我們邀請(qǐng)他來(lái)研究現(xiàn)實(shí)的本質(zhì)，來(lái)區(qū)分自我和非自我，并在每一個(gè)類別中建立有用的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。）由此可知一些人類的難題指的是B選項(xiàng)“能夠做出區(qū)分”；其他三個(gè)選項(xiàng)A選項(xiàng)“弄清楚什么是虛幻”；C選項(xiàng)“理解夢(mèng)境不是真的”；D選項(xiàng)“為自己找到準(zhǔn)確的位置”都沒(méi)有提及。

第2題:推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到文章第二段第二句Andtherearefewgrownandqualifiedscientistswhocanequaltheinfantforzealandenergyinsortingouttherawdatainthisproject.（在整理這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的原始數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)，很少有成熟和合格的科學(xué)家能像嬰兒一樣有熱情和精力。）由此可以推斷A選項(xiàng)“嬰兒不知疲倦的去了解自己所在的環(huán)境”正確；其他三個(gè)選項(xiàng)B選項(xiàng)“嬰兒使用一種科學(xué)方法”；C選項(xiàng)“科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)是耗時(shí)的”；D選項(xiàng)“研究嬰兒學(xué)習(xí)的實(shí)驗(yàn)有很多”都不符合題意。

第3題:推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到文章第三段第一、二句Attwomonths,aswehaveseen,herecognizesanobjectthatweknowtobeahumanfaceandweknowtobeanobjectoutsidehimself.Buttothebabythisisjustanimage,animageincidentallythathecan’tdifferentiatefromthementalimage,thepictureinmemory.（兩個(gè)月大的時(shí)候，正如我們所看到的那樣，他認(rèn)出了一個(gè)物體，這個(gè)物體我們知道是人臉而且知道這是一個(gè)自身以外的物體。但對(duì)嬰兒來(lái)說(shuō)，這只是一個(gè)圖像，一個(gè)他無(wú)法與感覺(jué)區(qū)分的圖像，是記憶里的圖片）從這句話中我們可以判斷嬰兒的學(xué)習(xí)開(kāi)始于選項(xiàng)C“嬰兒看到的影像”；A選項(xiàng)“被愛(ài)的感覺(jué)”；B選項(xiàng)“嬰兒的感覺(jué)”；D選項(xiàng)“儲(chǔ)藏在嬰兒記憶中的想法”文中沒(méi)有提及。

第4題:推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干第三段最后一句Thengraduallyintheweekstocometheassociationofbreastorbottle,ofhands,voice,amultitudeofpleasurablesenseexperiencesbegintoclusteraroundthisfaceandtoformthecrudeimageofaperson.（然后在接下來(lái)的幾個(gè)星期里，乳房或奶瓶，手，聲音的聯(lián)想，大量的愉悅感體驗(yàn)開(kāi)始聚集在這張臉周圍，形成一個(gè)人的粗糙形象。）從這里可以推斷B選項(xiàng)“辨別過(guò)程遵循著一個(gè)精確的順序”是正確的。A選項(xiàng)“這里有幾個(gè)不同的理論來(lái)解釋這個(gè)過(guò)程”；C選項(xiàng)“一些嬰兒學(xué)得比其他嬰兒快”；D選項(xiàng)“男寶寶學(xué)得比女寶寶不同”文章都沒(méi)有提及。

9.單選題

FormanyyearstheJapanesehave（

）thecarmarket.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.presided

B.occupied

C.operated

D.dominated

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)presided“主持”；B選項(xiàng)occupied“占領(lǐng)”；C選項(xiàng)operated“運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，操作”D選項(xiàng)dominated“控制，支配”。句意：長(zhǎng)久以來(lái)，日本人（）汽車市場(chǎng)。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，答案選D，日本人主導(dǎo)著汽車市場(chǎng)；B選項(xiàng)一般指的是戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)上的占領(lǐng)，不符合提干語(yǔ)境，所以不選。

10.單選題

Experimentsinthephotographyofmovingobjects________inboththeUnitedStatesandEuropewellbefore1990.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.havebeenconducting

B.wereconducting

C.hadbeenconducted

D.areconducted

【答案】C

【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。A是過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間開(kāi)始，并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作；B是過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，表示過(guò)去正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作；C是過(guò)去完成時(shí)，表示從過(guò)去的時(shí)間某動(dòng)作已完成；D是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，表示現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作。句意：早在1990年，美國(guó)和歐洲都已經(jīng)做過(guò)了對(duì)移動(dòng)物體攝影的實(shí)驗(yàn)。1990是一個(gè)過(guò)去的時(shí)間，句子中有個(gè)wellbefore，所以可知做物體移動(dòng)的攝影實(shí)驗(yàn)是在1990年之前就完成了，是一個(gè)在過(guò)去就已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作，因此答案選C。

11.單選題

Eyewitnessesdonotalwaysrecalleventsasthey________actually.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.arehappening

B.willhappen

C.happened

D.wouldhappen

【答案】C

【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。A選項(xiàng)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)；B選項(xiàng)一般將來(lái)時(shí)；C一般過(guò)去時(shí)；D過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。句子意思：目擊者的回憶不總是事情的全貌（眼見(jiàn)不一定為實(shí)），從句的謂語(yǔ)發(fā)生在主句謂語(yǔ)recall之前的，而這里的recall是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，所以我們得選一般過(guò)去時(shí)，答案選C。

12.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Iintendtodealwiththeproblemsofformulatingpracticalandrealisticplansfortheapplicationofscienceandtechnologybythegovernmentofanewlyemergingcountry.IwillspecificallyhaveinmindthenewAfricannations,forvarioushistoricalreasons,theyareparticularlyshortoftrainedmanpower.

Thefirstthingwhichmuststrike,say,thePrimeMinsterorMinisteroffinanceofsuchayoungnation,isthatscienceandscientistsareexpensiveandthatfinancialdemandsclashwiththeinnumerableotherdemandsonacountry’sverylimitedfinancialresources,andstillmorelimitedforeigncurrency.

Inconsideringtheformulationofnationalpolicyinrelationtotheapplicationofscienceandtechnologyandtotheincreaseinmaterialwealth,itisusefultodistinguishthreemainaspectsofthisquestion.

Thefirstisthatofknownandavailabletechnology.Themajorityofthemosturgentneedsoftheemergingcountriesintheearlystagesofdevelopmentcomeintothiscategory.Tosetupamotor-busservice，itisnecessarytohavetheforeignexchangetobuythevehiclesandfuel,andthetechnicalschoolstotrainthedriversandrepairpersonnel,butnoresearchordevelopmentatallisneeded.Norisnewresearchanddevelopmentrequiredtosetupanairline,oratelevisionsystemoranelectricitysupply,orasewagesystemandpipedwatersupplyorthemajorityofnormalmanufactureplants.Thoughsuchprojectsdonotinvolveanyappreciableresearchanddevelopment,theydorequirealargesupplyoftechnicallyandscientificallytrainedpersonneltorunthem.

Thesecondmostimportantaspectoftheapplicationofscienceandtechnologytoaless-developedcountryisthatconcernedwithproblemswhicharerelatedtothespecialconditionsofthecountry,andwhichcanonlybesolvedonthespot.Prominentamongthese,ofcourse,areproblemsinagricultureandmedicinewhichhavespecificlocalsignificanceandsocannotbestudiedelsewhere.Thentherearemanyproblemsinmeteorology,geology,geophysicalsurveying,roadbuildingandhousing,whereoriginalresearchanddevelopmentrelatedtolocalconditionsarerequired.Inaddition,manynewtechnologicalproblemsariseinthesettingupoflocalindustries,becauseofthespecialpropertiesofthelocalfuels,rawmaterials,textiles,foodstuffs,etc.Inrelationtotheproblems,theimportanceofafirst-rateinformationserviceisvital.Itmustbemadeaseasyaspossiblefortheresearchanddevelopmentpersonneltobekeptawareofthestateofgeneralworldknowledgeonaparticularsubject,soasnottobeledbyignoranceintoexpensiveresearchestofindoutwhatisalreadywellknown.Theoppositedangeristoassumetooeasilythatsomeprocess,techniqueormethod,whichhaslongbeeninsuccessfuluseinsomeothercountry,canbetransferredwithoutmodificationtoanewsituation.

Thethirdaspectisconcernedwiththegroupofnewtechnologieswhicharenotyetingeneraluse,butarestillunderdevelopmentmainlyinthetechnologicallyadvancedcountries.Irefer,forinstance,tosuchthingsassolarheats,fuelcells,desalinationofwater,andagreatmanyimprovedprocessesandmanufacturedgoods.Thoughaclosewatchmustbekeptonthesedevelopments,Iamconvincedthatthenationaleconomicandtechnologicalplanningofanewcountry’sdevelopment,overthenextdecadeorso,shouldbebasedonwhatisnowknown.

1.ThemainobjectofProfessorBlackett’saddressis（

）.

2.Thegreatestdifficultytheleadersofayoungnationhavetogetoveristhat（

）.

3.Theauthorsuggeststhat（

）.

4.Whatisthebestwaytoavoidbeingmisledintoexpensiveresearchestofindoutwhatisalreadywellknown?

5.Tosolveproblemsinagriculture,geology,geophysicalsurveyingscientistsandtechnologistsfirstofallshould（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.thescientistsandtechnologistsallovertheworld

B.theMinistersoffinanceofyoungcountries

C.thenationalauthoritiesofless-developedcountries

D.personsinchargeofformulatingplansforthedevelopmentofnationaleconomyintheemergingcountries

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.theyareshortoftrainedmanpower

B.scienceandscientistsareexpensiveintheircountry

C.theyhaveverylimitedfinancialresource

D.alloftheabove

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.alltheknownandavailabletechnologiesshouldbeappliedtodevelopingayoungnation

B.thenationaleconomicandtechnologicalplanningofanewcountry’sdevelopmentshouldbebasedonnewtechnologieswhicharestillunderdevelopment

C.theresearchanddevelopmentpersonnelshouldbekeptawareofthestateofgeneralworldknowledgeonallthesubjects

D.someprocess,techniqueormethodwhichhaslongbeeninsuccessfulusenotbetransferredtoanewsituationwithoutmodification

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Tokeepclosewatchonthedevelopmentofmostadvancedbranchesofscience.

B.Tohaveafirst-rateinformationservice.

C.Totakeuporiginalresearchesrelatedtolocalconditions.

D.Tomeettheinnumerablefinancialdemandsofresearches.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.carryoutresearchesrelatedtolocalconditions

B