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住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-寧夏大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I(帶答案詳解)(圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

W.SomersetMaughamafterwardswalkedthewardsofSt.Thomas’sHospital()practicinginmedicine.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.withaviewto

B.withregardsto

C.withtheaimat

D.withtheobjectfor

【答案】A

【解析】考查短語(yǔ)辨析。A選項(xiàng)withaviewto“著眼于,考慮到,意在,以……為目的”,表示會(huì)盡力去完成自己所追求的這件事;B選項(xiàng)withregardsto“關(guān)于,至于”;C選項(xiàng)withtheaimat“為了……”,aim常指短期內(nèi)的目標(biāo),往往比較具體、實(shí)際、明確,不是理想性的,努力程度一般;D選項(xiàng)withtheobjectfor“目的是”,object常指比較明確具體的單個(gè)目標(biāo),往往出于直接的需要和愿望,沒有明確表明是否會(huì)盡力。句意:后來(lái),W.薩默塞特?毛姆走進(jìn)圣托馬斯醫(yī)院的病房,()行醫(yī)。而毛姆是想要迫切做好這件事的,因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.單選題

Thereisageneral()thatpouringoldwineintothesamebottlesisthewrongwaytogo.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.consensus

B.census

C.neglected

D.negligible

【答案】A

【解析】考查。A選項(xiàng)consensus“一致,輿論,合意”;B選項(xiàng)census“人口普查,人口調(diào)查”;C選項(xiàng)neglected“被忽視的,無(wú)人照管的”;D選項(xiàng)negligible“微不足道的,可以忽略的”。句意:人們_____認(rèn)為,把陳年的酒倒進(jìn)同一個(gè)瓶子里是錯(cuò)誤的做法。這里表達(dá)的意思是“人們都普遍(一致)認(rèn)為”,因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.單選題

AccordingtotheAmericanfederalgovernment,residentsofHawaiihavethelongestlife():77.2years.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.scope

B.rank

C.span

D.scale

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)scope“范圍,余地”;B選項(xiàng)rank“排名,等級(jí)”;C選項(xiàng)span“跨度,跨距,壽命”;D選項(xiàng)scale“規(guī)模,比例”。句意:根據(jù)美國(guó)聯(lián)邦政府的統(tǒng)計(jì),夏威夷居民的()最長(zhǎng),為77.2歲。本句表達(dá)的意思是“夏威夷居民的壽命”,因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.單選題

Meetingyourfamily’snutritionalneedsmayseemdifficultconsideringtoday’sbusylifestyles.Butitdoesn’thaveto(1).Evenanewemphasis(2)morefruitsandvegetablesdoesn’tnecessarily(3)morepreparationtimeifyoutake(4)oftheconvenienceofcannedfoods.

Whenyouopena(5)offruitorvegetableathomeyouhaveathandfresh-packednutritionalproduct,withnoman-madeingredient,nopreservatives.Andalltheworkhasbeen(6)foryou:slicing,thepeeling,(7)cooking.Cannedfruitsandvegetablesleaveyouthe(8)tobecreative.Andwiththevarietyoffruitsandvegetablesavailablethesedays,youcanservedifferentcombinationscreatenewdishes,and(9)newtastestooldrecipescannedfoodsare(10)well.AunitedStatesDepartmentofAgricultureareNationalFoodAssociationco-sponsoredstudyshowscannedvegetablestobejustas(11)asfreshorfrozen.Becausecannedvegetablesareprocessedwithinhoursof(12)packed,theygenerallyretain70to90(13)oftheirnutrients.

Fruitsandvegetablescanningisassimple(14)whenyourgrandmother“putup”tomatoesandotherthingsfromthegarden.Freshproduceistakenfromthefieldatjusttherighttime,deliveredtothecannery,checked,washed,sealed,andsterilized.All(15),generallyhappensinless(16)24hoursto(17)thebestqualityandnutritionalvaluewithouttheneedforanypreservatives.

Usetheliquidsthatvegetablesarecanned(18)asasubstitute(19)waterinrecipestogetthatlastdropofgoodnutrition.Mostmajorbrandsofcannedfruitsandvegetablesincludednutritionalcontentandingredientstatementsontheir(20).Thisespeciallyimportanttothoseoncalories-consciousorrestricted.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.do

B.be

C.seem

D.need

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.on

B.to

C.about

D.above

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.need

B.mean

C.spend

D.want

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.care

B.use

C.trouble

D.advantage

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.bowl

B.bottle

C.can

D.box

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.done

B.do

C.doing

D.does

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.the

B.a

C.with

D.without

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.need

B.time

C.food

D.job

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.increase

B.delete

C.put

D.add

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.too

B.as

C.just

D.very

問題11選項(xiàng)

A.good

B.bad

C.better

D.worse

問題12選項(xiàng)

A.to

B.be

C.being

D.been

問題13選項(xiàng)

A.times

B.rate

C.kilogram

D.percent

問題14選項(xiàng)

A.as

B.than

C.to

D.same

問題15選項(xiàng)

A.this

B.about

C.together

D.thing

問題16選項(xiàng)

A.to

B.than

C.about

D.around

問題17選項(xiàng)

A.ensure

B.remain

C.make

D.produce

問題18選項(xiàng)

A.at

B.in

C.into

D.inside

問題19選項(xiàng)

A.of

B.about

C.for

D.to

問題20選項(xiàng)

A.papers

B.names

C.brands

D.labels

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:C

第6題:A

第7題:A

第8題:B

第9題:D

第10題:B

第11題:A

第12題:C

第13題:D

第14題:A

第15題:A

第16題:B

第17題:A

第18題:B

第19題:C

第20題:D

【解析】1.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)do“做”;B選項(xiàng)be“是,成為”;C選項(xiàng)seem“看起來(lái)像,似乎”;D選項(xiàng)need“需要”。句意:考慮到當(dāng)今忙碌的生活方式,滿足家庭的營(yíng)養(yǎng)需求似乎很難。但這并不()必須的。前面主要?jiǎng)釉~部分為mayseemdifficult,空處所在句是省略句。其次,seem是系動(dòng)詞,重復(fù)時(shí)以be代替,故完整句子應(yīng)為itdoesn’thavetobedifficult,因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.考查介詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)on“在……上”;B選項(xiàng)to“朝,位于”;C選項(xiàng)about“有關(guān),關(guān)于”;D選項(xiàng)above“超過(guò),多于”。句意:即使新的重點(diǎn)是更多的水果和蔬菜。這里考查了固定搭配,emphasis后面常跟on表示強(qiáng)調(diào)某一方面,因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)need“需要”;B選項(xiàng)mean“意味著”;C選項(xiàng)spend“花費(fèi)”;D選項(xiàng)want“想要”。句意:如果你充分利用罐裝食品的便利,即使新的重點(diǎn)是更多的水果和蔬菜,也不一定()更多的準(zhǔn)備時(shí)間。這句話表達(dá)的意思是“即使是那些水果和蔬菜,也不意味著更多的準(zhǔn)備時(shí)間”,因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)care“關(guān)心,照顧”;B選項(xiàng)use“使用,用途”;C選項(xiàng)trouble“麻煩,煩惱”;D選項(xiàng)advantage“優(yōu)勢(shì),有利條件”。句意:如果你()罐裝食品的便利,即使新的重點(diǎn)是更多的水果和蔬菜,也不一定意味著更多的準(zhǔn)備時(shí)間。這里考查的是固定搭配takeadvantageof“利用,充分利用”,因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

5.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)bowl“碗”;B選項(xiàng)bottle“瓶子”;C選項(xiàng)can“罐頭,罐”;D選項(xiàng)box“盒子”。句意:當(dāng)你在家打開一()水果或蔬菜時(shí),你手邊就有新鮮包裝的營(yíng)養(yǎng)產(chǎn)品。根據(jù)上文的cannedfoods及open提示此處應(yīng)是一罐食品,因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

6.考查時(shí)態(tài)。A選項(xiàng)done表示過(guò)去;B選項(xiàng)do表示現(xiàn)在;C選項(xiàng)doing表示正在進(jìn)行;D選項(xiàng)does表示第三人稱單數(shù)。句意:所有的工作都為你()了:切片,剝皮。而這里講的是罐頭食物,罐頭食物應(yīng)該是所有的工作都已經(jīng)為消費(fèi)者“做好了”,包括切片,剝皮等。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

7.考查連詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)the“這個(gè)(特指)”;B選項(xiàng)a“一個(gè)”;C選項(xiàng)with”和……一起“;D選項(xiàng)still“仍然”。句意:所有的工作都為你完成了:切片,剝皮,甚至是烹飪。根據(jù)前面的thepeeling“剝皮”,可以類比推測(cè)出這里也應(yīng)該是thecooking“烹飪”,因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

8.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)need“需求,需要”;B選項(xiàng)time“時(shí)間”;C選項(xiàng)food“食物”;D選項(xiàng)job“工作”。句意:水果和蔬菜罐頭留給了你()去創(chuàng)造。通過(guò)本文的邏輯可以知道,罐頭食物是非常便捷,省時(shí)的,并且后文說(shuō)道可以利用這個(gè)時(shí)間去創(chuàng)造很多新菜,因此應(yīng)該是“留了時(shí)間給人們?nèi)?chuàng)造”,因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

9.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)increase“增加,增多”;B選項(xiàng)delete“刪除”;C選項(xiàng)put“放置”;D選項(xiàng)add“添加”。句意:你可以提供不同的組合創(chuàng)造新的菜肴,并()新的口味的老食譜罐頭食品也很好。這里考查了固定搭配addto“把……添加到”,而根據(jù)上下文可以看出罐頭食物省下的時(shí)間可以給人們創(chuàng)作的可能性,人們可以增添新的風(fēng)味到之前的食譜里,因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

10.考查介詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)too“……也,也是”;B選項(xiàng)as“正如,像……”;C選項(xiàng)just“僅僅,只是”;D選項(xiàng)very“非常”。句意:給舊食譜添加新口味罐頭食品()不錯(cuò)。這里是講新風(fēng)味添加到舊食譜中也不錯(cuò),因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

11.考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)good“好的”;B選項(xiàng)bad“不好的,壞的”;C選項(xiàng)“更好的(比較級(jí))”;D選項(xiàng)worse“更糟糕的(比較級(jí))”。句意:研究表明,罐裝蔬菜與新鮮或冷凍蔬菜一樣()。這里考查了固定搭配asgoodas“和……一樣好”,因?yàn)槲恼率钦f(shuō)罐頭食物的好處的,所以它們是和新鮮食物一樣好,A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

12.考查語(yǔ)態(tài)。A選項(xiàng)to“將要”;B選項(xiàng)be“變成”;C選項(xiàng)being“存在”;D選項(xiàng)been“是,有”。句意:因?yàn)楣扪b蔬菜在包裝后的幾個(gè)小時(shí)內(nèi)就會(huì)被加工。而前面加的是介詞of,介詞后面要加動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)名詞形式,因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

13.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)times“時(shí)間”;B選項(xiàng)rate“比率”;C選項(xiàng)kilograms“千克”;D選項(xiàng)percent“百分比”。句意:它們通常會(huì)保留()七十到九十的營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)。這里表達(dá)的意思是“百分之七十到九十的營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)”,因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

14.考查介詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)as“正如,像……”;B選項(xiàng)than“比”;C選項(xiàng)to“朝”;D選項(xiàng)same“和……一樣”。句意:(制作)水果和蔬菜罐頭是很簡(jiǎn)單的,就像當(dāng)你的祖母“把”西紅柿和其他東西從花園里取出來(lái)一樣。這里考查的是as…as“像……一樣”短語(yǔ),因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

15.考查代詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)this“這個(gè),這些”;B選項(xiàng)about“關(guān)于”;C選項(xiàng)together“和……一起”;D選項(xiàng)thing“事情,事物”。句意:所有(),通常發(fā)生在24小時(shí)之內(nèi)。這里表達(dá)的是以上所有的這些事,都是在24小時(shí)之內(nèi)發(fā)生的,因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

16.考查連詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)to“朝,位于”;B選項(xiàng)than“比……”;C選項(xiàng)about“關(guān)于”;D選項(xiàng)around“在四周”。句意:所有這些事,通常發(fā)生在24小時(shí)()。lessthan“少于”,這里表示的是少于24小時(shí)內(nèi)發(fā)生的,因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

17.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)ensure“確保”;B選項(xiàng)remain“保持,依然”;C選項(xiàng)make“做”;D選項(xiàng)produce“生產(chǎn),引起”。句意:所有這一切,通常發(fā)生在24小時(shí)內(nèi),以()質(zhì)量和營(yíng)養(yǎng)價(jià)值,不需要任何防腐劑。這里表達(dá)的是要確保營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)和質(zhì)量,因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

18.考查介詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)at“在……”,B選項(xiàng)in“在……里面”;C選項(xiàng)into“進(jìn)入……”;D選項(xiàng)inside“在……內(nèi)側(cè)”,句意:使用罐裝蔬菜的液體作為食譜中的水的替代品,以獲得最后一滴好的營(yíng)養(yǎng)。這里表達(dá)的液體是本身就在罐頭內(nèi)里的,因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

19.考查介詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)of“……的”;B選項(xiàng)about“關(guān)于”;C選項(xiàng)for“為了”;D選項(xiàng)to“為了,朝”。句意:使用罐裝蔬菜的液體作為食譜中的水的替代品,()獲得最后一滴好的營(yíng)養(yǎng)。根據(jù)全文的邏輯,這里表達(dá)的意思是用液體代替水,是為了保證營(yíng)養(yǎng)不流失,因此C選項(xiàng)表目的符合題意。

20.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)papers“紙巾,論文”;B選項(xiàng)names“名字”;C選項(xiàng)brands“品牌”;D選項(xiàng)labels“標(biāo)簽”。句意:大多數(shù)主要品牌的水果和蔬菜罐頭的()上都有營(yíng)養(yǎng)成分和成分說(shuō)明。這里表達(dá)的意思是大部分的罐頭標(biāo)簽上都會(huì)寫好營(yíng)養(yǎng)成分和成分說(shuō)明,因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

5.單選題

Annusedto()whenwewenttothesameschool.Butnowsheisalwaysontime.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.beinglate

B.late

C.belate

D.gettinglate

【答案】C

【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)。結(jié)合題干和選項(xiàng)可知本題考查非謂語(yǔ),而usedto后面要加動(dòng)詞原形表示“過(guò)去常常做某事”,因此A、B、D不符合語(yǔ)法規(guī)則。句意:我們?cè)谕凰鶎W(xué)校時(shí),安總是遲到。但是現(xiàn)在她總是很準(zhǔn)時(shí)。

6.單選題

Thelong-termfortunesofthemoderneconomydependinpartonthestrengthandsustainabilityofthefamily,bothinrelationtofertilitytrendsandtomarriagetrends.Thisbasic,butoftenoverlooked,principleisnowatworkinthecurrentglobaleconomiccrisis.

Thedeclineofmarriageandfertilityisonefactorintheglobaleconomiccrisis.Thatis,onereasonthatsomeofthe,world’sleadingeconomies—fromJapantoItalytoSpaintotheEurozoneasawhole—arefacingfiscalchallengesisthattheirfertilityrateshavebeenbelowreplacementlevels(2.1childrenperwoman)fordecades.Persistentsub-replacementfertilityeventuallytranslatesintofewerworkersrelativetoretirees,whichputstremendousstrainsonpublicoffersandtheeconomyasawhole.Indeed,onerecentstudyfindsthatalmosthalftherecentrun-upinpublicdebtintheWestcanbeattributedtorapidagingoverthelastdecades.

EvenChinamayseeitssky-highgrowth“comedowntoearthinthenextfewdecadesasitsworkforceshrinks”becauseofitsone-childpolicy,asCarlosCavalleandIarguesinarecentreport—TheSustainableDemographicDividend.Bycontrast,arecentRandstudysuggeststhatIndiawillhavemorefavorabledemographicsthanChinaoverthenextfewdecades,insofarasitsworkforceispoisedtogrow.Infact,theRandstudysuggeststhatIndiamaybeabletousethisdemographicadvantagetooutpaceChina’seconomicgrowthratesbytheendofthecentury.Finally,it’snotjustfertilitythatmatters,it’salsomarriage.Atleastinthewest,childrenaremorelikelytoacquirethehumanandsocialcapitaltheyneedtothriveinthemoderneconomywhentheyareraisedinanintact,marriedfamily.IntheU.S.,forinstance,childrenaremorelikelytograduatefromhighschool,completecollegeandbegainfullyemployedasyoungadultsiftheywereraisedinanintact,marriedfamily.

Andaroundtheglobe,menaremorelikelytogivetheirworktheirfullesteffortandattentionwhentheyaremarried;thisisonereasonmenworldwideenjoy“marriagepremium”intheirincome,rangingfromabout14percent(Mexico)to19percent(UnitedStates)to35percent(Russia).So,atleastwhenitcomestomenresearchsuggeststhatmarriagehasimportantimplicationsforworkerproductivity.

Thebottom-linemessageisthatwhathappensinthehomedoesnotstayathomerather,thesizeoffamilies,andtheirstabilityandquality,hasimportantimplicationforthehealthoftheglobaleconomy.

1.Themainideaofthispassageisthat().

2.Onereasonthattheworld’sleadingeconomiesarefacingfiscalchallengesisthat().

3.“...itsworkforceispoisedtogrow”(Para.3)probablymeans().

4.Fromthepassageweknowthat().

5.Accordingtothepassage,allthefollowingcanaffecteconomyEXCEPT().

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.暫缺

B.bothmarriageandfertilityaffectacountry’seconomy

C.marriagehasimportantimplicationsforworkerproductivity

D.IndiawilloutpaceChina’seconomicgrowthratebytheendofthecentury

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.thereisaglobaleconomiccrisisinrecentyears

B.therearefewerbabies,andconsequently,peoplespendlessonmanycommodities

C.peopleinthesecountrieshavefewerchildrenthanneededtoreplacethepopulationformanyyears

D.therearetremendousstrainsonpubliccoffersandtheeconomyasawhole

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.itsworkforcepausestogrow

B.itsworkforcecontinuestogrowfast

C.itsworkforcecontinuestogrowsteadily

D.itsworkforcegrowsslowly

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.childrenfromanintact,marriedfamilyaremorelikelytohaveabetterlife

B.themorepeopleacountryhas,thestrongereconomyitwillhave

C.thehealthoftheglobaleconomydependsentirelyonindividualfamilies

D.menarelikelytoworkharderwhentheyaregoingtohavechildren

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.thesizeoffamilies

B.thestabilityoffamilies

C.thequalityoffamilies

D.menandwomenratiowithinthefamilies

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。在第二段的第一句話Thedeclineofmarriageandfertilityisonefactorintheglobaleconomiccrisis.(婚姻和生育率的下降是全球經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)的一個(gè)因素。)之后的段落也是就這一點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了具體闡釋,因此B選項(xiàng)“婚姻和生育都會(huì)影響一個(gè)國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)”正確。C選項(xiàng)“婚姻對(duì)工人的生產(chǎn)力有重要的影響”,與原文不符;D選項(xiàng)“到本世紀(jì)末,印度的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)率將超過(guò)中國(guó)”,在原文的第三段Infact,theRandstudysuggeststhatIndiamaybeabletousethisdemographicadvantagetooutpaceChina’seconomicgrowthratesbytheendofthecentury.(事實(shí)上,蘭德公司的研究表明,到本世紀(jì)末,印度可能會(huì)利用這一人口優(yōu)勢(shì)超過(guò)中國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)速度。)確實(shí)有提到,但是并不是文章的主旨。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到第二段Thatis,onereasonthatsomeofthe,world’sleadingeconomies—fromJapantoItalytoSpaintotheEurozoneasawhole—arefacingfiscalchallengesisthattheirfertilityrateshavebeenbelowreplacementlevels(2.1childrenperwoman)fordecades.(世界主要經(jīng)濟(jì)體——從日本到意大利,西班牙對(duì)歐元區(qū)作為一個(gè)整體所面臨的財(cái)政挑戰(zhàn)的是,他們的生育率已經(jīng)低于人口更替水平(平均每個(gè)婦女生育2.1個(gè)孩子)幾十年了。)因此C選項(xiàng)“這些國(guó)家的人生育的孩子比替換人口所需的要少的事情持續(xù)了多年”正確。A選項(xiàng)“近年來(lái),全球出現(xiàn)了經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)”,文章沒有說(shuō)這是原因之一;B選項(xiàng)“嬰兒越來(lái)越少,因此,人們?cè)谠S多商品上花的錢越來(lái)越少”,文章沒有提出這個(gè)觀點(diǎn);D選項(xiàng)“國(guó)庫(kù)和整個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)都承受著巨大的壓力”這也不是財(cái)政面臨問題的原因。

3.語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。首先定位到句子后面說(shuō)Bycontrast,arecentRandstudysuggeststhatIndiawillhavemorefavorabledemographicsthanChinaoverthenextfewdecades,insofarasitsworkforceispoisedtogrow.(相比之下,蘭德公司(Rand)最近的一項(xiàng)研究表明,在未來(lái)幾十年里,印度的人口結(jié)構(gòu)將比中國(guó)更有利,因?yàn)樗膭趧?dòng)力將繼續(xù)增長(zhǎng)。)根據(jù)句子說(shuō)印度的人口結(jié)構(gòu)更加有利,可以知道他們的勞動(dòng)力將會(huì)繼續(xù)穩(wěn)步上升,因此C選項(xiàng)“勞動(dòng)力持續(xù)穩(wěn)定增長(zhǎng)”正確。A選項(xiàng)“它的勞動(dòng)力暫停增長(zhǎng)”不合題意;B選項(xiàng)“它的勞動(dòng)力繼續(xù)快速增長(zhǎng)”快速是沒有提到的;D選項(xiàng)“它的勞動(dòng)力增長(zhǎng)緩慢”與原文不符。

4.判斷推理題。定位到倒數(shù)第三段IntheU.S.,forinstance,childrenaremorelikelytograduatefromhighschool,completecollegeandbegainfullyemployedasyoungadultsiftheywereraisedinanintact,marriedfamily.(例如,在美國(guó),如果孩子在一個(gè)完整的已婚家庭中長(zhǎng)大,他們更有可能從高中畢業(yè),完成大學(xué)學(xué)業(yè),并在年輕時(shí)獲得有收入的工作。)因此A選項(xiàng)“來(lái)自完整的已婚家庭的孩子更有可能擁有更好的生活”正確。B選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)國(guó)家的人口越多,它的經(jīng)濟(jì)就會(huì)越強(qiáng)”,不符合題意,是要人口結(jié)構(gòu)更好,才會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展更快;C選項(xiàng)“全球經(jīng)濟(jì)的健康完全取決于單個(gè)家庭”,絕對(duì)化表達(dá),并且不符合題意;D選項(xiàng)“男人在要孩子的時(shí)候可能會(huì)更努力工作”,與原文不符,原文是說(shuō)的“婚后”,并不是“要孩子的時(shí)候”。

5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干和選項(xiàng)定位到最后一段Thebottom-linemessageisthatwhathappensinthehomedoesnotstayathomerather,thesizeoffamilies,andtheirstabilityandquality,hasimportantimplicationforthehealthoftheglobaleconomy.(最重要的信息是,家庭的規(guī)模、家庭的穩(wěn)定性和質(zhì)量對(duì)全球經(jīng)濟(jì)的健康有著重要的影響。)因此只有D選項(xiàng)“家庭中的男女比例”是沒有提及的。A選項(xiàng)“家庭的規(guī)?!保籅選項(xiàng)“家庭的穩(wěn)定性”;C選項(xiàng)“家庭的質(zhì)量”都是原文提到了的。

7.單選題

Consequently,thisyoungwomanwouldhave()curiositybecauseshewaswelldressedandthoughnolongeragirl,shewasnotwearingblack.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.risen

B.aroused

C.caused

D.woken

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)risen“上升;提高”,B選項(xiàng)aroused“喚起”,C選項(xiàng)caused“引起;使遭受”,D選項(xiàng)woken“醒來(lái);喚醒”,“引發(fā)了某人的好奇心”是:ariseone’scuriosity,因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。句意為:因此,這個(gè)年輕的女人一定會(huì)引起人們的好奇心,因?yàn)樗┲皿w,雖然不再是女孩,但也沒有穿黑衣服。

8.單選題

Somelinguistsbelievethatthe()ageforchildrenlearningaforeignlanguageis5to8.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.optimistic

B.optional

C.optimal

D.oppressed

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)optimistic“樂觀的,樂觀主義的”;B選項(xiàng)optional“可選擇的,隨意的”;C選項(xiàng)optimal“最佳的,最理想的”;D選項(xiàng)oppressed“受壓制的,受壓迫的”。句意:一些語(yǔ)言學(xué)家認(rèn)為兒童學(xué)習(xí)外語(yǔ)的()年齡是5到8歲。本句表示“兒童學(xué)習(xí)外語(yǔ)的最佳年齡”,因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

9.單選題

Accordingtozoologists,animalpopulationsatagiventimeare()byfoodsuppliesatthattime.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.governed

B.sustained

C.restricted

D.manipulated

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)governed“管理,統(tǒng)治”;B選項(xiàng)sustained“維持,持續(xù)”;C選項(xiàng)restricted“限制”;D選項(xiàng)manipulated“被操控的”。句意:根據(jù)動(dòng)物學(xué)家的說(shuō)法,特定時(shí)間內(nèi)的動(dòng)物數(shù)量是由當(dāng)時(shí)的食物供應(yīng)()的。這里表示的意思是“這些食物決定了這里可以維持的動(dòng)物的數(shù)量”,因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

10.單選題

Teacherscomplainthatchildren()thesetestswithoutbeingabletowriteadecentessay,solveamulti-stepmathproblemorconstructaframework.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.lookthrough

B.carrythrough

C.sailthrough

D.putthrough

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)lookthrough“瀏覽,溫習(xí)”;B選項(xiàng)carrythrough“貫徹,完成,堅(jiān)持下去”;C選項(xiàng)sailthrough“輕快地走過(guò),通過(guò)”;D選項(xiàng)putthrough“接通,完成,使穿過(guò)”。句意:老師們抱怨說(shuō),孩子們?cè)跊]有寫出一篇像樣的文章、解決一個(gè)多步驟的數(shù)學(xué)問題或構(gòu)建一個(gè)框架的情況下,就能_____這些考試。這里表達(dá)的是“老師認(rèn)為孩子們沒有經(jīng)過(guò)考驗(yàn)就能輕松地通過(guò)考試”。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

11.翻譯題

Americanpsychologistsholdthatthereareseveralcomponentstohavinghigh“emotionalintelligence.”Firstisself-awareness,becauseyoucanonlybeincontrolofyourlifeandyourrelationshipsifyouknowyourself.Secondisbeingabletoproperlymanageyouremotions,soyoucancontrolyourfeelingsratherthanlettingthemcontrolyou.Thirdisbeingself-motivated,andbeingabletogetthroughtoughtimesandstartover.Thefourthisbeingreceptivetootherpeople’semotions,whichiscrucialforeffectivecommunicationandhealthyrelationships.Thefifthisbeingabletomanageyourelationships,whichincludesleadershipandprofessionalmanagementskills.

【答案】美國(guó)心理學(xué)家認(rèn)為,情商包括以下幾個(gè)方面的內(nèi)容:一是認(rèn)識(shí)自己的情緒,只有認(rèn)識(shí)自己,才能成為自己生活的主宰。二是能妥善管理自己的情緒,即能調(diào)控自己。三是自我激勵(lì),它能夠使人走出生命中的低潮,重新出發(fā)。四是認(rèn)識(shí)他人的情緒,這是與他人正常交流順利溝通的基礎(chǔ)。五是人際關(guān)系的管理,即領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和管理能力。

12.單選題

WhenIemergedfromthetelephonebox,Icamefacetofacewithalittleman,whowaslookingas()asastraydog.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.humble

B.pathetic

C.dreadful

D.merciful

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)humble“謙遜的,簡(jiǎn)陋的”;B選項(xiàng)pathetic“可憐的,悲哀的”;C選項(xiàng)dreadful“可怕的,糟透的,令人不快的”;D選項(xiàng)merciful“仁慈的,慈悲的,寬容的”。句意:當(dāng)我從電話亭出來(lái)時(shí),迎面遇到一個(gè)小個(gè)子男人,他看上去像一只流浪狗一樣()。這里表達(dá)的意思是男人像流浪狗一樣可憐,因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

13.單選題

()thecalculationisright,scientistscanneverbesurethattheyhaveincludedallvariablesandmodeledthemaccurately.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Evenif

B.Asfaras

C.Ifonly

D.Solongas

【答案】A

【解析】考查連詞短語(yǔ)辨析。A選項(xiàng)evenif“即使;雖然”,B選項(xiàng)asfaras“至于;直到”,C選項(xiàng)ifonly“要是……就好了”,D選項(xiàng)solongas“只要”;然后看到原句:()計(jì)算結(jié)果正確,科學(xué)家也無(wú)法肯定他們已經(jīng)把所有的變量都包括進(jìn)去并進(jìn)行了準(zhǔn)確的模擬。可以看出兩個(gè)句子之間有轉(zhuǎn)折讓步的含義,因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

14.單選題

Contemporaryofficetechnologyrequiressoftwareorprogramstocarryoutcomplicatedinformationprocessingactivities.Referencestosoftwareusuallyindicateasetofinstructions.Abroaderapplicationofthetermincludesanynohardwareelementofacomputersystem:programs,writtendocumentationtoaccompanyprograms,flowcharts,andusermanuals,forexample.Thelatteruseofthetermisrare.

Softwareisnowavailablefromavarietyofsources:hardwaremanufacturersandvendors,softwarehouses(firmsthatdevelopandmarketsoftware),andstaffprogrammers(userdevelopedsoftware).Officesupplyhouses,computershops,andevenbookstoresmarketpackagedsoftwareforthemicrocomputermarket.

Earlycomputerusersthoughtintermsofdevelopingtheirownsoftwareorusingsoftwaredevelopedbycomputermanufacturestoperformtheinformationprocessingactivitiesdesiredformthecomputersystem.Usersofmediumtolargescalecomputersystem.Stillrelyheavilyonprogramsdeveloped,tested,andperfectedbytheirownprogrammers.

Largetomediumscalecomputermanufacturersorvendorshavetraditionallyincludedsoftwarewiththesystempackage,sometimesprovidealterationsnecessarytocustomizetheprogramstouserneeds.Thesepackageshaverepresentedsignificantportionsofthepurchasesorleasepriceofsystems.

Themicrocomputerrevolutionintheearly1980sbroughtwithittheconceptofthecommercialsoftwarepublisher(softwarehouse).Companieswereformedtoengageinwritingandmarketingsoftwareforalltypesandsizesofcomputers,butthoseproducingsoftwareformicrocomputerswereespeciallynumerous.Majorhardwaremanufacturersbegantomarketsoftwareproducedbythesesoftwarespecialistswiththesystems.Thequalityoftheprogramsandinstructionalmaterialsthataccompaniedthemwasfrequentlypoor.Becauseoftheeasewithwhichuserscouldduplicatesoftware,softwarepricesremainedhigh.Yet,thesehighpriceswerefrequentlypreferabletothecostofprogramsdevelopedinhouse.Experienceandcompetitionhaveincreasedaqualityofbothprogramsandinstructionalmaterials.

1.Accordingtothepassage,themostcommonlyuseddefinitionofsoftwareis().

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

3.Largetomediumscalecomputermanufacturers().

4.Sincethemicrocomputerrevolutionintheearly1980s,().

5.Itisimpliedinthepassagethat().

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.complicatedinformationprocessingactivities

B.anynohardwareelementofacomputersystem

C.asetofinstructions

D.flowchartsandusermanuals

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Nowhardwaremanufacturersalsodevelopandmarketsoftware.

B.Earlycomputerusershadnochoicebuttodeveloptheirownsoftware.

C.Softwareisnowavailableforthemicrocomputeruserevenfrombookstores.

D.Earlycomputermanufacturersalsodevelopedandmarketedsoftware.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.relyheavilyonsoftwaredevelopedbytheircustomers

B.usedtoincludesoftwarewiththesystempackage

C.canmakechangesforsoftwaretomeetcustomerneeds

D.selltheirsystempackagesatverylowprices

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.commercialsoftwarepublishershavegraduallydisappeared

B.majorhardwaremanufacturerbegantodeveloptheirownsoftware

C.manycompaniesstoppedthedevelopmentofsoftwareforlargecomputers

D.therehavebeennumerouschoicesofsoftwareformicrocomputerusers

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.itwillcostagreatdealmoreforcomputeruserstodeveloptheirownsoftwarethanbuyit

B.softwarepricesremainedhighbecauseitwasnoteasytodevelopanysoftware

C.itisverydifficultforuserstoduplicatesoftware

D.softwarehaslongbeenofhighqualityduetoexperienceandcompetition

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第一段第二句Referencestosoftwareusuallyindicateasetofinstructions.(對(duì)軟件的引用通常表示一組指令。)因此可以看出最常見的定義就是一組指令,C選項(xiàng)“一組指令”正確。A選項(xiàng)“復(fù)雜的信息處理活動(dòng)”,在第一段的第一句Contemporaryofficetechnologyrequiressoftwareorprogramstocarryoutcomplicatedinformationprocessingactivities.(現(xiàn)代辦公技術(shù)需要軟件或程序來(lái)進(jìn)行復(fù)雜的信息處理活動(dòng)。)它并不是軟件的定義;B選項(xiàng)“計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)的任何非硬件元素”和D選項(xiàng)“流程圖和用戶手冊(cè)”,在第一段Abroaderapplicationofthetermincludes...forexample.Thelatteruseofthetermisrare.(這個(gè)術(shù)語(yǔ)的更廣泛的應(yīng)用包括計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)的任何硬件元素:例如程序、伴隨程序的書面文檔、流程圖和用戶手冊(cè)。后一種用法很少見。)但是原文說(shuō)了這一種用法很少見,因此錯(cuò)誤。

2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞定位到第三段第一句話Earlycomputerusersthoughtintermsofdeveloping...formthecomputersystem.(早期計(jì)算機(jī)用戶的想法是開發(fā)自己的軟件或使用計(jì)算機(jī)制造商開發(fā)的軟件來(lái)執(zhí)行所需的計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)信息處理活動(dòng)。)因此B選項(xiàng)“早期的計(jì)算機(jī)用戶別無(wú)選擇,只能開發(fā)自己的軟件”是不正確的。A選項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)在硬件制造商也開發(fā)和銷售軟件”,在第二段的第一句Softwareisnowavailablefromavarietyofsources:hardwaremanufacturersandvendors,softwarehouses(firmsthatdevelopandmarketsoftware),andstaffprogrammers(userdevelopedsoftware).軟件現(xiàn)在可以從各種來(lái)源獲得:硬件制造商和供應(yīng)商、軟件公司(開發(fā)和銷售軟件的公司)和職員程序員(用戶開發(fā)軟件)。A項(xiàng)正確;C選項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)在微機(jī)用戶甚至可以從書店買到軟件”,在第二段的第二句Officesupplyhouses,computershops,andevenbookstoresmarketpackagedsoftwareforthemicrocomputermarket.(辦公用品店、電腦店,甚至?xí)甓枷蛭C(jī)市場(chǎng)出售打包的軟件。)C選項(xiàng)正確;D選項(xiàng)“早期的計(jì)算機(jī)制造商也開發(fā)和銷售軟件”,在第三段的第一句Earlycomputerusersthoughtintermsofdevelopingtheirownsoftwareorusingsoftwaredevelopedbycomputermanufacturestoperformtheinformationprocessingactivitiesdesiredformthecomputersystem.(早期計(jì)算機(jī)用戶的想法是開發(fā)自己的軟件或使用計(jì)算機(jī)制造商開發(fā)的軟件來(lái)執(zhí)行所需的計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)信息處理活動(dòng)。)可見之前的制造商也開發(fā)并銷售軟件,D選項(xiàng)正確。

3.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干和選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞定位到倒數(shù)第二段第一句話Largetomediumscalecomputermanufacturersorvendorshavetraditionallyincludedsoftwarewiththesystempackage,sometimesprovidealterationsnecessarytocustomizetheprogramstouserneeds.(大型到中型計(jì)算機(jī)制造商或供應(yīng)商傳統(tǒng)上在系統(tǒng)包中包括軟件,有時(shí)提供必要的修改,以定制程序,以滿足用戶的需要。)因此B選項(xiàng)“過(guò)去常常在系統(tǒng)包中包含軟件”正確。A選項(xiàng)“嚴(yán)重依賴客戶開發(fā)的軟件”,在倒數(shù)第三段的最后一句話Stillrelyheavilyonprogramsdeveloped,tested,andperfectedbytheirownprogrammers.(仍然嚴(yán)重依賴由他們自己的程序員開發(fā)、測(cè)試和完善的程序。)依賴的是程序員開發(fā)的軟件而不是客戶;C選項(xiàng)“可以對(duì)軟件進(jìn)行更改以滿足客戶的需求”,在倒數(shù)第二段的第一句sometimesprovidealterationsnecessarytocustomizetheprogramstouserneeds.(有時(shí)提供必要的修改,以定制程序,以滿足用戶的需要。)可以看出只是偶爾會(huì)這么做;D選項(xiàng)“以很低的價(jià)格出售他們的系統(tǒng)軟件包”,這個(gè)是文章沒有給出具體說(shuō)法的。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到倒數(shù)第一段第二句話Companieswereformedtoengageinwritingandmarketingsoftwareforalltypesandsizesofcomputers,butthoseproducingsoftwareformicrocomputerswereespeciallynumerous.(公司的成立是為了從事為各種類型和大小的計(jì)算機(jī)編寫和銷售軟件,但是那些為微型計(jì)算機(jī)生產(chǎn)軟件的公司尤其多。)因此可以看出在微機(jī)革命之后,關(guān)于計(jì)算機(jī)軟件的公司增多了,D選項(xiàng)“微型計(jì)算機(jī)用戶有許多軟件可供選擇”正確。A選項(xiàng)“商業(yè)軟件出版商已經(jīng)逐漸消失”,原文并沒有說(shuō)它消失了;B選項(xiàng)“主要的硬件制造商開始開發(fā)自己的軟件”,文章沒有具體提到這點(diǎn);C選項(xiàng)“許多公司停止了大型計(jì)算機(jī)軟件的開發(fā)”,文章沒有提及。

5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞定位在文章最后一段Yet,thesehighpriceswerefrequentlypreferabletothecostofprogramsdevelopedinhouse.Experienceandcompetitionhaveincreasedaqualityofbothprogramsandinstructionalmaterials.(然而,這些高的價(jià)格往往是更可取的程序開發(fā)的內(nèi)部成本。經(jīng)驗(yàn)和競(jìng)爭(zhēng)提高了課程和教學(xué)材料的質(zhì)量。)也就是說(shuō)明這些軟件的開發(fā)主要都是難在經(jīng)驗(yàn)上,因此人們自己去開發(fā)的成本是會(huì)非常大的,A選項(xiàng)“計(jì)算機(jī)用戶開發(fā)自己的軟件比購(gòu)買軟件的成本要高得多”正確。B選項(xiàng)“軟件價(jià)格居高不下是因?yàn)殚_發(fā)任何軟件都不容易”,太籠統(tǒng),不夠具體;C選項(xiàng)“用戶很難復(fù)制軟件”,根據(jù)最后一段Becauseoftheeasewithwhichuserscouldduplicatesoftware,softwarepricesremainedhigh.(由于用戶可以很容易地復(fù)制軟件,軟件的價(jià)格仍然很高。)可以發(fā)現(xiàn)用戶復(fù)制軟件并不難;D選項(xiàng)“由于經(jīng)驗(yàn)和競(jìng)爭(zhēng),軟件長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)一直是高質(zhì)量的”,在最后一段的倒數(shù)第四句Thequalityoftheprogramsandinstructionalmaterialsthataccompaniedthemwasfrequentlypoor.(節(jié)目和教學(xué)材料的質(zhì)量通常很差。)可見軟件的質(zhì)量并不是一直都很好。

15.單選題

The()ofolderpersonsisrelativelylowindevelopingcountries,butitisgrowingmuchfasterthanintheWest.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.addition

B.majority

C.percentage

D.statistic

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)addition“添加,增加物”;B選項(xiàng)majority“多數(shù),成年”;C選項(xiàng)percentage“百分比”;D選項(xiàng)statistic“統(tǒng)計(jì)資料,統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)”。句意:發(fā)展中國(guó)家的老年人()相對(duì)較低,但其增長(zhǎng)速度卻比西方國(guó)家快得多。這里要表達(dá)的是“老年人的比例相對(duì)較低”這個(gè)意思,因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

16.單選題

TheWorldHealthOrganizationhasreleasedareportabouthowdiseaseweakenstheeconomiesofpoorcountries.Foryears,peoplebelievedthatgoodhealthisadirectresultofstrongeconomicdevelopment.However,thisstudysuggeststheoppositeistrue.Itsaysthatstrongeconomicdevelopmentisanimportantresultofimprovedhealth.

Aninternationalcommitteeofeconomistsandexpertsinpublichealthandpolicycarriedoutthestudy.Somepeoplesaythestudyisthemostcompleteexaminationtolinkfinancialaidsinhealthcaretoeconomicgrowth.

Thestudycallsforalargeincreaseinforeignaidforhealthcareservicesindevelopingcountries.Intheworld’srichestcountries,totalspendingforhealthcareforeachpersonisalmost$2,000ayear.However,intheworld’spoorestnations,spendingonhealthcareforeachpersonisonly$13ayear.

TheWHOsaysthisamountshouldbeincreasedto$38ayearforeachpersonby2015.Themoneywouldhelppoornationsprovidetreatmentfordiseases.Itwouldalsoprovidebabieswithimportanthealthcareearlyinlife.

JeffreySachsofHarvardUniversityledthestudy.Hesaysabouteightmillionlivescouldbesavedeachyeariftherichestnationsincreasedspendingonhealthcareindevelopingcountries.Inaddition,MisterSachssaysmorethanfiftyoftheworld’spoorestcountrieswouldhaveachancetoimprovethelivingandeconomicconditionsfortheirpeople.

ThereportalsoprovidesnewinformationabouthowAIDS,tuberculosisandmalaria(瘧疾)affecteconomicgrowthindevelopingcountries.Theresearcherssuggest8,000milliondollarsbeprovidedeachyeartohelpfightthesediseases.

TheWHOplanstosendthestudytomanyofficialsaroundtheworldincludingheadsofstate,ministersoffinance,healthandtrade,membersofnationalparliamentsandnon-governmentalorganizations.Itsaysthereportisavaluableguideforfutureinternationalhealthprograms,policiesandfinancing.

1.Whatrelationshipistherebetweeneconomyandhealthaccordingtothepassage?

2.Ifspendingonhealthisincreasedindevelopingcountries,thefollowingwillcometrueexceptthat().

3.Spendingonhealthcareforeachpersonintheworld’spoorestcountriesin2015is()atpresent.

4.Thestudywillbesenttoallthefollowingexcept().

5.Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedinthispassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Diseaseweakenstheeconomiesofrichcountries.

B.Healthhaslittleeffectontheeconomiesofrichcountries.

C.Diseaseresultsinweakeconomies.

D.Goodhealthresultsfromstrongeconomicdevelopment.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.eightmillionliveswillbesaved

B.peopleinthepoorestcountrieswillhaveenoughmoneyfortheirliving

C.fiftypoorcountrieswillimprovetheirlivingcondition

D.economicconditionswillbeimprovedinthepoorestcountries

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.thesameasthat

B.abouttwiceasmuchasthat

C.aboutthreetimesasmuchasthat

D.aboutfourtimesasmuchasthat

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.membersofnon-governmentalorganizationsandministersofhealth

B.ministersoffinanceandmembersofnationalparliaments

C.ministersoftradeandheadsofstate

D.membersofinternationalhealthprograms

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Healthcareforbabiesinpoorcountrieshasimproved.

B.Totalspendingforhealthcareishigherinrichcountriesthaninpoorones.

C.Iftherichest

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