上海高考英語各類體裁概要寫作技巧-word文檔

第第頁第第3頁speaking,cleaningawaydirtisgoodtohealth."再結(jié)合本段最后一部分Advertisementsrepeatedlyselltheidea...可得出要點(diǎn)3“However,peoplebegantochange。。。."4.文章最后一段第一句指出，現(xiàn)在人們對(duì)于dirt的態(tài)度還是有所不同，Onthecontrary引出專家的觀點(diǎn)，一位免疫學(xué)家認(rèn)為dirt有助于增強(qiáng)免疫系統(tǒng)。這一觀點(diǎn)獲得了一些支持。范文中的要點(diǎn)4“However,somescientistsbelievethatexposureto。。。.”表達(dá)很恰切。文章概要，在寫完了要點(diǎn)之后，下一步的工作就是要把這些要點(diǎn)用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞進(jìn)行連接使上下句之間具有連貫性。本篇文章整篇結(jié)構(gòu)是總分的結(jié)構(gòu)，要點(diǎn)2和要點(diǎn)3在觀點(diǎn)上截然相反，因此，之間需要表示轉(zhuǎn)折的連接詞，范文用了However恰到好處。要點(diǎn)3和要點(diǎn)4在觀點(diǎn)上又存在不同，因此，還是用表轉(zhuǎn)折的連接詞However/Nevertheless。第一段：fixed（確定的；不變的）第二段：means（手段，方法）,blockout（擋?。?openup（打開）,upon（之后；立即）第三段：long-lived（長(zhǎng)期存在的）,selltheidea（說服某人接收某個(gè)觀點(diǎn)）第四段：warnsboff（警告某人不要靠近）,position（觀點(diǎn)）,gainsomeground（取得優(yōu)勢(shì)）記敘文TheVoiceintheBoxWhenIwasquiteyoung,myfamilyhadoneofthefirsttelephonesintheneighborhood.Irememberwellthepolishedwoodencasefastenedtothewallonthelowerstairlanding.Butmyfirstpersonalexperiencewiththisgenie-in-the-receivercameonedaywhilemymotherwasvisitinganeighbor.Amusingmyselfatthetoolbenchinthebasement,Ihurtmyfingerwithahammer.Thepainwasterrible,buttheredidn'tseemtobemuchusecrying,becausetherewasnoonehometooffersympathy.Iwalkedaroundthehouse,andfinallyarrivedatthestairway.Thetelephone!QuicklyIranforthefootstoolanddraggedittothelanding.Climbingup,Iunhookedthereceiverandheldittomyear.“InformationPlease,”Isaidintothemouthpiecejustabovemyhead.Aclickortwo,andasmall,clearvoicespokeintomyear,“Information.”“Ihurtmyfinger—”Icriedintothephone.Thetearscamereadilyenough,nowthatIhadanaudience.“Isn'tyourmotherhome?”camethequestion.“Nobody'shomebutme,”Isobbed.“Areyoubleeding?”“No,”Ireplied.“Ihititwiththehammerandithurts.”“Canyouopenyouricebox?”sheasked.IsaidIcould.“Thenbreakoffalittlepieceofice,andholditonyourfinger.Thatwillstopthehurt.Becarefulwhenyouusetheicepick（冰錐）,”shesaid.“Anddon'tcry.You'llbeallright.”Afterthat,IcalledInformationPleaseforeverything.Iaskedherforhelpwithmygeography,andshetoldmewherePhiladelphiawas,andtheOrinoco,theromanticriverthatIwasgoingtoexplorewhenIgrewup.Shehelpedmewithmyarithmetic,andshetoldmethatmypetchipmunk—Ihadcaughthimintheparkjustthedaybefore—wouldeatfruitandnuts.范文這是一篇記敘文，考生需要在文中找到人、時(shí)、地、事情的起因、經(jīng)過、結(jié)果等主要信息參考答案：OnedayIhurtmyfingerwhenaloneathome.ItoccurredtomethatIcouldusethetelephonetocalltheoperator.Shegavemedetailedinstructionsandcomfortedme.Ilaterturnedtothemagicdeviceforhelpwithalmosteverything.能力目標(biāo)：【讀】能概括文章或段落的主旨大意【寫】能用自己的語言概括所讀材料anotherversion：Theauthortellsusastoryaboutherexperienceofusingthetelephonetoaskforhelp.Oneday,shegotherfingerhurtbuttherewasnooneathometoturnto.Thenthetelephonecaughthereye,andshepickedupthereceiverandtalkedtotheoperator.Luckily,shewastoldhowtodealwiththeinjuredfinger.說明文樣題Couldfastfoodmakeithardertostopandsmelltheroses?（放慢腳步享受人生）AnewstudyfromtheUniversityofTorontosuggeststhatfastfoodmightmakeithardertostopandsmelltheroses.ResearcherspointedoutthatAmericanshavegainedmoreandmoreleisuretime,yettheyaren'tanyhappier.Theproblemcouldbethatmodernconveniencesmakeusmoreimpatient,andthereforelessabletoappreciatesmallmomentsofjoy.Totestthetheory,theUniversityofTorontoresearcherscarriedoutafewdifferenttestsfocusedonfastfoods,thetypicalAmerican“symbolsofthecultureofimpatience,”andhappiness.Inoneofthetests,researcherstold257peopletoratepicturesbasedonwhethertheyweresuitableforads.Participantssawaseriesofpictures:Onegroupsawfastfoodinregularpackagingwhiletheothergroupsawthesamefoodsetoutonceramictableware（瓷器餐具）.Afterward,someoftheparticipantswereshownphotographsof“scenicnaturalbeauty”andthenwereaskedtoratetheirhappiness.Othersratedtheirhappinesswithoutseeingthepictures.Theresearchersfoundthatpeoplewhosawthefastfoodbeforeviewingthenaturephotostendedtoratetheirhappinesslower.Yetthosewhosimplyratedtheirhappinesswithoutseeingthenatureshotsbeforehandwereactuallyalittlehappierifthey'dseenfastfoodinadvance.Researcherssaidthatsuggestsfastfooddoesn'tdirectlycauseunhappinessbutdecreasestheabilitytoenjoythings.Researcherscautioned,however,thatmuchmoreresearchwasneededtodetermineexactlyhowfastfoodandhappinessarecorrelated（相互關(guān)聯(lián)）andhowstrongtherelationshipreallyis.參考答案：AstudyfromtheUniversityofTorontoshowsfastfoodwillaffectpeople'sabilitytoenjoythings,thusmakingthemlesshappy.Inonetest,amongthe257participants,thosewhosawpicturesofnaturalbeautyafterbeingshownfastfoodratedtheirhappinesslowerthanthosewhodidn't.Butresearcherssaidmoreresearchwasneededtoconfirmthefindings.能力目標(biāo)：【讀】能概括文章或段落的主旨大意【寫】能用自己的語言概括所讀材料議論文樣題：Four-dayWorkweekIntheUnitedStates,employeestypicallyworkfivedaysaweekforeighthourseachday.However,manyemployeeswanttoworkafour-dayweekandarewillingtoacceptlesspayinordertodoso.Ifalawrequiredcompaniestooffertheiremployeestheoptionofworkingafour-dayworkweekforfour-fifths（80percent）oftheirnormalpay,itwouldbenefittheeconomyasawholeaswellastheindividualcompaniesandtheemployeeswhodecidedtotaketheoption.Theshortenedworkweekwouldincreasecompanyprofitsbecauseemployeeswouldfeelmorerestedandalert,andasaresult,theywouldmakefewercostlyerrorsintheirwork.Hiringmorestafftoensurethatthesameamountofworkwouldbeaccomplishedwouldnotresultinadditionalpaythecompanyhastoprepareforthesepeople,becausefour-dayemployeeswouldonlybepaid80percentofthenormalrate.Intheend,companieswouldhavefeweroverworkedanderror-prone（容易出錯(cuò)的）employeesforthesamemoney,whichwouldincreasecompanyprofits.Forthecountryasawhole,oneoftheprimarybenefitsofofferingthisoptiontoemployeesisthatitwouldreduceunemploymentrates.Ifmanyfull-timeemployeesstartedworkingfewerhours,someoftheirworkloadwouldhavetobeshiftedtoothers.Thus,foreveryfouremployeeswhowentonan80percentweek,anewemployeecouldbehiredatthe80percentrate.Finally,theoptionofafour-dayworkweekwouldbebetterforindividualemployees.Employeeswhocouldaffordalowersalaryinexchangeformorefreetimecouldimprovethequalityoftheirlivesbyspendingtheextratimewiththeirfamilies,pursuingprivateinterests,orenjoyingleisureactivities.參考答案：Workingforfourdaysaweekwithlesspaywouldbebeneficialatthreelevels.First,companiescouldhiremoreenergeticandalertemployeeswithoutincreasingpay-relatedcosts.Second,thecountrywouldhavelow