常見物質(zhì)的物性參數(shù)

常見物質(zhì)的性能參數(shù)表1 各種金屬的熱物性值金屬溫度。C比熱cal/(g?℃)導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)cal/(cm,s,℃)密度p(g/cm3)液相線、固相線溫度(。0250.1070.192p=7.88(20℃)2000.1240.152=7.3(1500℃)4000.1450.120=7.0(1600℃)純鐵7690.3580.0748000.2300.07110000.1480.07015000.1800.03200.1120.142p=7.86(15℃)鎮(zhèn)靜鋼2000.1240.128(C0.08%)4000.1420.1078000.2300.06812000.1580.07100.1120.124p=7.86(15℃)軟鋼(C0.23%)2000.1240.1164000.1420.1028000.2280.06212000.1580.071250.1110.103碳素結(jié)構(gòu)鋼2000.1250.095(S35C)4000.1340.0798000.2850.07800.1120.124p=7.85(15℃)中碳鋼2000.1220.115(C0.4%)4000.1400.1008000.1480.05912000.1560.07100.1080.119p=7.85(15℃)共析鋼2000.1280.108(C0.8%)4000.1440.0918000.1460.05812000.1600.072

00.1080.103p=7.83(15℃)2000.1300.102工具鋼4000.1420.089(C1.2%)8000.1560.05712000.1560.06800.1200.060p=7.73(15℃)2000.1260.072Ts=1488Si2%鋼4000.1440.074T=1497L8000.3260.06012000.1600.070200.114p=7.84(15℃)2000.1240.106T=1420SCr1%鋼4000.1420.092T=1520L8000.2060.06212000.1460.072200.1140.053p=7.7(15℃)2000.1190.05513.1Cr,0.5Ni不銹鋼4000.1460.058T=1399(AISI420)S8000.2140.064T=1454L12000.1360.06900.1180.03518?20Cr,8?12Ni2000.1280.043T=1399不銹鋼S4000.1360.050T=1454(AISI304)L8000.1540.06312000.1600.07620(0.128)0.154p=7.0(15℃)200(0.134)0.124比熱相對于過關(guān)日日400(0.140)0.094普通鑄鐵灰口鑄鐵800(0.168)0.071900(0.173)0.053200.1862000.141共晶灰口鑄鐵4000.1048000.07012000.036200.101p=7.1(15℃)2000.087球墨鑄鐵4000.1190.0728000.05110000.0412

金屬溫度。C比熱導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)密度p(g/cm3)液相線、ccal/(g?℃)cal/(cm,s,℃)固相線溫度(。0200.045p=7.5~7.8(15℃)2000.051白口鑄鐵4000.0538000.04712000.048200.0920.956p=8.92純銅2000.0930.931T=T二1083SL6000.1060.87410000.1150.8031200200.1050.122Cu90%~Al10%2000.1110.156T=1030S6000.1240.233T=1042L10000.1360.310200.0940.267T=915SCu70%~Zn30%2000.1000.349T=955L6000.1130.3599000.1230.367200.0920.302T=900SCu60%~Zn40%2000.0970.346T=905L6000.1080.3619000.1160.334200.0930.069T=1170SCu70%?Ni30%2000.1010.088T=1240L6000.1120.13010000.1230.172200.1010.056T=1227SCu60%?Ni40%2000.1050.074T=1280L6000.1150.11310000.1250.15212000.1300.172200.2150.565ps=2.70(15℃)純鋁2000.2350.570T=T=660.2SM5000.2680.5296600.2860.508Al-Cu4.5%200.2100.449T=502S2000.2290.449T=638L5000.2610.4613

200.2180.199T=540SAl~Mg8%2000.2380.286T=625L4000.2600.3825000.2710.431200.2460.373ps=1.74純鎂2000.2630.362T=T=651LS4000.2880.3536500.3250.346Mg94.7~Zn4.6200.2420.261T=549S?Zr0.72000.2640.296T=641T（相當(dāng)于MC6）4000.3030.3195490.3410.324Mg90.2~Al9200.2350.051T=468S?Zn0.6?Mn0.22000.2610.056T=616（相當(dāng)于MC2）4000.2910.0624680.3000.063Inconel200.1030.028ps=6.09X(73Ni,15Cr,7Fe2000.1150.035T=1395S,2.5Ti,1Nb)6000.1330.052T=1427L10000.1970.069耐鹽酸鎳基合金C6000.1260.046T=1270S10000.1530.070T=1305L12000.1670.074表2鑄型的熱物性計算公式No視在物性值計算公式備注1澆注合金：鑄鐵硅砂干型，呋喃鑄型2澆注合金：鑄鋁硅砂干砂，呋喃鑄型3澆注合金：鑄鋼硅砂干型4澆注合金：鑄鋼硅砂呋喃鑄型4

5硅砂6橄欖石砂7錯砂8鉻砂9硅砂，干型，呋喃鑄型600℃以下0.385<s<0.4940.0058<DP<0,03790.03<W<0：0710硅砂，干型入由No9的公式求得澆注合金：鑄鋼硅砂，呋喃鑄型澆注合金：鑄鋼11硅砂，膨潤土7%，水分4%=1.52

12硅砂=1.7313橄欖石砂，膨潤土5.9%,水分3.3%=1.8314鉻砂膨潤土3.9%,水分2.1%=2.7815錯砂，膨潤土3.8%,水分2.1=2.78

表3流動臨界固相率合金臨界固相率文獻(xiàn)備考Al-Si2.4%Si6.2%Al-Si3%0.660.78084考慮了濃化后決定固相率Al-Cu5.5%Al-Mg13.8%85根據(jù)濃度實測值和杠桿定律算出固相率Al-Cu4.5%0.85~0.8786用謝依爾公式算出固相率ACB2Al-Si9%-Cu4%0.5（金屬型）0.3（砂型）8789用謝依爾公式算出固相率Fe-C0.65%銅0.6980球墨鑄鐵0.7588沒有說明數(shù)據(jù)的明確依據(jù)Al-4.5%Cu0.84（自由凝固）根據(jù)實測，V=0.032OC/sCu-8%SnCu-8%Sn-0.5%SiCu-8%Sn-2%Fe0.8個0.75(自由凝固)W0.8c根據(jù)固相率與流過細(xì)管道的液體量測出，冷速V=0.03℃/sCu-8%Sn0.43~0.44(金屬型，型溫373℃)根據(jù)固相率與流過細(xì)管道的液體量測出鑄鋼0.65未說明依據(jù)鑄鋼，不銹鋼0.70未說明依據(jù)表4部分砂型熱物性數(shù)據(jù)表型砂組成九(cal/s.cm.℃)X102C(cal/g℃)p(g/cma)說 明石英石英砂0.0550.1390.1260.3101.6581.7005~15℃900OC,粒度50/100“干砂”0.0780.1911.500未表明者為常溫，下同“濕砂”0.2710.5031.650石英砂0.112~0.3630.191~0.2811.776黃砂0.067~0.0821.580~1.700

砂石英砂0.096~0.3360.12~0.4560.072~0.360.0620.3620.141~0.1810.168~0.2880.168~0.2880.168~0.2881.940.1840.181~0.2811.7301.6341.4581.6021.6781.4600~1300℃0~1300℃0~1300℃干燥砂，16.5℃含水4.9%，18.9℃0~1100，TffaJ錯砂錯砂0.191~0.2510.223~0.3910.120~0.2100.130~0.2022.8302.8000~1100，TffaJ0~900℃鉻鐵礦砂鉻鐵礦砂0.125~0.2930.151~0.2302.6000~900℃水玻璃砂石英砂+5%水玻璃0.6142.583鐵澆注法，界面平均1143℃鉻鐵礦砂+水玻璃0.1390.165鉻鎂礦砂+水玻璃0.2030.2430.139鋼澆注法鋼澆注法石英砂+樹脂鋼澆注法石英砂+5%酚醛樹脂0.142~0.20228~4500c石英砂+3%~7%呋喃樹脂0.161~0.1370.202~0.181.4801.63025~5500c25~550℃石英砂+2%呋喃樹脂0.1220.231.480鋁澆注法，666℃石英砂+1.5%呋喃樹脂0.1870.1920.2420.250.260.261.440.4401.550鐵澆注法，1155℃鋼澆注法，1155℃鋼澆注法，1155℃石英砂+1.5%樹脂0.26200.18~0.230.260.18~0.261.6301.440鋼澆注法，1155℃鋼澆注法鉻鐵礦砂+1%樹脂0.161~0.212.900鋼澆注法鉻砂+樹脂8

鉻砂+1%呋喃樹脂0.23?0.2620.13?0.172.880鋼澆注法常溫?1490OC樹脂砂石英砂+6%水玻璃0.230.230.2520.2521.4501.5701.3901.6101.610鋁澆注法，界面平均660℃鋁澆注法，界面平均660℃鐵澆注法，界面平均1155℃鐵澆注法，界面平均1155℃鋼澆注法，界面平均1490℃表5典型金屬材料的常溫密度材質(zhì)密度(g/cm3)材質(zhì)密度(g/cm3)材質(zhì)密度(g/cma)鋼灰口鑄鐵鋁合金碳素鋼7.80（中碳，鐵素鋁硅合金2.60不銹鋼7.90體基體）7.25硬鋁2.80高速鋼8.20?8.80可鍛鑄鐵7.27ADC102.71鑄鐵灰口鑄鐵8.80銅合金鋅合金（高碳，鐵素7-3黃銅8.50ZDC26.60體基體）6-4黃銅8.40球墨鑄鐵7.10高強(qiáng)度黃銅8.30鎂合金1.80表6典型液體金屬的物性值物性值低合金鑄鋼（1600。）①普通鑄鐵（1400。0①純鋁（700。0①純銅(1100℃)①純鎂(700℃)①液相線溫度（℃）1400~15301123~11306601083851密度(g/cm3)6.80?7.006.50?6.902.351.901.58比熱0.150.220.260.120.29導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)40（純鐵）10017080凝固潛熱（J.g-1）251~268209~268394204230凝固收縮率（%）3~4-0.8?0.56.54.24.2表面張力（）17009209001300560粘度(mPa.s)65~81.1?241.2熱輻射系數(shù)0.3?0.45（全輻射系數(shù)）0.3?0.45（全輻射系數(shù)）0.12（相對0.65^m的波長）0.1（相對0.66^m的波長）①表示所給物性值的溫度條件。表7其它物質(zhì)的熱物性值物質(zhì)名溫度（℃）比熱導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)密度p（g/cm3）粘度MPa.s）,其它c(diǎn)al.g-1.0C-1cal.cmTST°CT干燥空氣200.246.2X10-5氮200.257.6X10-5氫203.394.2X10-4水201.01.4X10-3p=1.0,汽缸油200.453.6X10-4石膏200.15?0.21.45X10-3p=0.89,從二0.8石棉1000.1954.5X10-4p=0.81.5混凝土200.21(2?3)X10-3p=0.58玻璃纖維200.169.6X10-5p=1.92.3砂巖200.174.1X10-3p=0.2杉樹條230.0722.6X10-4p=2.2硅磚5000.233X10-3p=0.42錯磚5000.146X10-3p=1.7鎂磚10000.3(1.4?8.8)Xp=3.7渣1000~15000.26310-3p=2.53渣1000~15000.411.7X10-31.2X10-3CaO35%--SiO45%--AlO20%CaO50%--SiO；35%--Al；o315%表8鑄型內(nèi)的傳熱系數(shù)比熱流量q傳熱系數(shù)h=q/(T-T) 1 2-No.時間（s）cal/(cm2.s)cal/(cm2.s.oc)備注1036.10.014C0.035%鋼546.00.034T=T（鑄片）46.00.0311CT二T（結(jié)晶器）1029.00.0192M鑄造速度二1.08m/min27.00.017彎曲型扁板連鑄機(jī)20300.035C0.12?0.16%鋼連鑄150.031T：：（鑄片）0.024T=T（冷卻水）200.019...2.W.鑄造速度=0.8m/min20.014300.0140.018405010

6070310150522.833.731.624.718.615.30.0160.0220.0210.0160.0120.010同上鑄造速度=2.03m/min203040.0210.0850.0110.091鑄鐵臥式連鑄機(jī)石墨鑄型①203mm同上，①305mm50.04~0.060.006~0.01鋁連續(xù)鑄造6240300600130018000.00750.00670.00500.00350.0026Fe-V2.85%銅鑄型（僅單面）真空中70601202403606000.0230.0200.0180.0160.0140.012碳素鋼表面氧化鑄鐵鑄型81.9~2.2Al合金，壓鑄90.03鋁硅合金液體金屬流動時（金屬型）100.01~0.02Al合金，金屬型，低壓鑄造110.3~0.40.04~0.07Al,金屬型鑄造（涂料50~200師）120.11~0.170.004~0.007銅連續(xù)鑄造130.2~0.40.06銅合金（金屬型）14>0.080.0560.0240.0140.014鑄鋼/砂型（難以產(chǎn)生空隙時）11

3000.022同上4200.014（容易產(chǎn)生空隙時）156000.01112000.008418000.0055表9合金的密度、潛熱合金p(20℃)(kg/m3)Ps(T)(kg/m3)L(kJ/kg)1%Cr鋼78402771.5%Mn鋼78502772%Si鋼7730333奧氏體不銹鋼77007000294鐵素體不銹鋼80003040.08%C鋼780070300.23%C鋼786070300.80%C鋼785069901.20%C鋼78306900白口鑄鐵7650(7000)灰口鑄鐵7100(6650)Al-4.5%Cu