2022年考研考博-考博英語-首都經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號12

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-首都經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實際調(diào)整大小）題型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Duringthepastgeneration,theAmericanmiddle-classfamilythatoncecouldcountonhardworkandfairplaytokeepitselffinanciallysecurehadbeentransformedbyeconomicriskandnewrealties.Nowapinkslip,abaddiagnosis,oradisappearingspousecanreduceafamilyfromsolidlymiddleclasstonewlypoorinafewmonths.

Injustonegeneration,millionsofmothershavegonetowork,transformingbasicfamilyeconomics.Scholars,policymakers,andcriticsofallstripeshavedebatedthesocialimplicationsofthesechanges,butfewhavelookedatthesideeffect:familyriskhasrisenaswell.Today’sfamilieshavebudgetedtothelimitsoftheirsnewtwo-paycheckstatus.Asaresult,theyhavelosttheparachutedtheyoncehadintimesoffinancialsetback-aback-upearner(usuallyMom)whocouldgointotheworkforceiftheprimaryearnergotlaidofforfellsick.This“added-workereffect”couldsupportthesafetynetofferedbyunemploymentinsuranceordisabilityinsurancetohelpfamiliesweatherbadtimes.Buttoday,adisruptiontofamilyfortunescannolongerbemadeupwithextraincomefromanotherwise-stay-at-homepartner.

Duringthesameperiod,familieshavebeenaskedtoabsorbmuchmoreriskintheirretirementincome.Steelworkers,airlineemployees,andnowthoseintheautoindustryarejoiningmillionsoffamilieswhomustworryaboutinterestrates,stockmarketfluctuation,andtheharshrealitythattheymayoutlivetheirretirementmoney.Formuchofthepastyear,PresidentBushcampaignedtomoveSocialSecuritytoasaving-accountmodel,withretireestradingmuchoralloftheirguaranteedpaymentsforpaymentsdependingoninvestmentreturns.Foryoungerfamiliesthepictureisnotanybetter.Boththeabsolutecostofhealthcareandtheshareofitbornebyfamilieshaverisen-andnewlyfashionablehealth-savingplansarespreadingfromlegislativehallstoWal-Martworkers,withmuchhigherdeductiblesandalargenewdoseofinvestmentriskforfamilies’futurehealthcare.Evendemographicsareworkingagainstthemiddleclassfamily,astheoddsofhavingaweakelderlyparent-andalltheattendantneedforphysicalandfinancialassistance-havejumpedeightfoldinjustonegeneration.

Fromthemiddle-classfamilyperspective,muchofthis,understandably,looksfarlesslikeanopportunitytoexercisemorefinancialresponsibility,andagooddealmorelikeafrighteningaccelerationofthewholesaleshiftoffinancialriskontotheiralreadyoverburdenedshoulders.Thefinancialfallouthasbegun,andthepoliticalfalloutmaynotbefarbehind.

1.Today’sdouble-incomefamiliesareatgreaterfinancialriskinthat（）

2.AsaresultofPresentBush’sreform,retiredpeoplemayhave（）

3.Accordingtotheauthor,health-savingsplanswill（）

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat（）

5.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthistext?

問題1選項

A.thesafetynettheyusedtoenjoyhasdisappeared.

B.theirchancesofbeinglaidoffhavegreatlyincreased.

C.theyaredeprivedofunemploymentordisabilityinsurance.

D.theyaremorevulnerabletochangesinfamilyeconomics.

問題2選項

A.ahighersenseofsecurity.

B.lesschancetoinvest.

C.lesssecuredpayments.

D.aguaranteedfuture.

問題3選項

A.helpreducethecostofhealthcare.

B.popularizeamongthemiddleclass.

C.increasethefamilies’investmentrisk.

D.compensateforthereducedpensions.

問題4選項

A.financialriskstendtooutweighpoliticalrisks.

B.financialproblemsmaybringaboutpoliticalproblems.

C.themiddleclassmayfacegreaterpoliticalchallenge.

D.financialresponsibilityisanindicatorofpoliticalstatus.

問題5選項

A.TheMiddleClassontheAlert

B.TheMiddleClassinConflict

C.TheMiddleClassontheCliff.

D.TheMiddleClassinRuins.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題干詢問“現(xiàn)如今這種雙收入家庭面臨更大財務(wù)危險的原因”。由原文前兩段可知：由于經(jīng)濟(jì)原因，現(xiàn)在夫妻雙方都要出去找工作。而以前，妻子一般在家操持家務(wù)，即使丈夫萬一生病或失業(yè)了，妻子也可以出去找工作幫助家庭度過難關(guān)。但現(xiàn)在這種備選方案無用了，因此雙收入家庭更容易受到家庭經(jīng)濟(jì)變化的影響。故本題正確答案為D選項。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)原文第三段可知，在去年的大多數(shù)時間里，布什總統(tǒng)一直致力于將社會保險體制轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橐环N儲蓄存款賬戶模式，要求退休人員將大多數(shù)或全部有保障的收入變成必須依靠投資收益的收入，對年輕家庭來說情況也好不到哪去。醫(yī)療的絕對費用和家庭必須承擔(dān)的份額都在上升。所以，退休人員的可靠收入可能更少。故本題正確選項為C項。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)原文第三段“...newlyfashionablehealth-savingplansarespreadingfromlegislativehallstoWal-Martworkers,withmuchhigherdeductiblesandalargenewdoseofinvestmentriskforfamilies’futurehealthcare”可知，醫(yī)療費用節(jié)約計劃將增加家庭投資風(fēng)險，可判斷C項正確。A項和D項在原文中并未提及，屬于無中生有。原文提到這個計劃正在從上層立法院大廳到底層沃爾瑪超市員工之間廣泛開展，但并不能得出在中產(chǎn)階級中間得以推廣，故B項不正確。因此本題正確答案為C選項。

4.推理判斷題。題干詢問由最后一段可以看出什么。由最后一句“Thefinancialfallouthasbegun,andthepoliticalfalloutmaynotbefarbehind.”可知，作者認(rèn)為（美國）經(jīng)濟(jì)已經(jīng)開始滑落，那政治上的滑落應(yīng)該也不遠(yuǎn)了。因此可以推斷，作者認(rèn)為經(jīng)濟(jì)問題可能會引發(fā)政治問題。故本題正確答案為B。

5.主旨判斷題。題干詢問哪一項最適合作為文章題目。文章第一段介紹了中產(chǎn)階層可能在幾個月之內(nèi)衰敗成一個新的貧困家庭，后文隨即介紹了造成這種現(xiàn)狀的原因，所以本文主要講述的是中產(chǎn)階級面臨窮困問題的現(xiàn)象。因此，本題正確答案為C選項。

2.單選題

This（）tothestudyofdiseasesistechnicallyreferredtoasepidemiological.

問題1選項

A.method

B.solution

C.means

D.approach

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。由句意可知，tothestudyofdiseases修飾空缺處的名詞，A、C、D三個選項都可以表示“方法，方式”，但是只有approach可以與to搭配表示“.…..的方法”，method和means后不接to。solution表示“解決方案”，與句意不符，可排除。因此，本題正確答案為D項。【句意】這種疾病研究方法在技術(shù)上稱之為流行病學(xué)法。

3.單選題

Mutualismisatypeofsymbiosisthatoccurswhentwounlikeorganismslivetogetherinastatethatismutuallybeneficial.Itcanexistbetweentwoanimals,betweentwoplants,orbetweenaplantandananimal.Mutualismisunlikethesymbioticstateofcommensalisminthatcommensalismisaone-sidedstateinwhichahostgivesandaguesttakes,whileinmutualismbothpartnersliveonagive-and-takebasis.

IntheAfricanwilds,thezebraandtheostrichenjoyasymbioticrelationshipthatenhancestheabilityoftheselargelandanimalstosurvive.Bothserveaspreyforthelion,andneitherhasthecapabilityalonetowithstandanattackfromthisfiercehunter.However,whenthezebraandtheostrichcollaborateintheirdefensebyalertingeachothertopossibledangerfromanapproachingpredator,thelionisrarelyabletocapturemorethantheoldestorfeeblestoftheherd.Thecomplementaryphysicalstrengthsandweaknessesoftheostrichandthezebraallowthemtoworkincoordinationtoavoidsuccumbingtothelion.Theostrich,thelargestflightlessbirdintheworld,possessesgreatspeedandkeeneyesight,whichenableittospotlargepredatoryanimalslongbeforetheyareabletopositionthemselvestoattack.Thezebra,witharunningspeedequaltothatoftheostrich,hasexcellenthearingandagoodsenseofsmellbutlacksthesharpeyesightoftheostrich.Whenostrichesandzebraintermixforgrazing,eachanimalbenefitsfromtheabilityoftheothertodetectapproachingdanger.Ifeitheranimalsensesdanger,bothanimalsarealertedandtakeoff.Withtherunningspeedthatbothoftheseanimalspossess,theyareabletooutrunanypredatorexceptthecheetah.

1.Choosethedrawingthatdescribesacommensaliststate.

2.Thedifferencebetweenmutualismandcommensalismisthat（）.

3.Inparagraph2,theWord"that"refersto（）.

4.Whichofthefollowingdrawingdescribeswhathappenswhenalionapproachesazebraandanostrich?

5.Fromthepassage,wecanlearnthat（）.

問題1選項

A.

B.

C.

問題2選項

A.commensalismisatwo-sidedstate.

B.thepartnersliveonagive-and-takebasisinmutualism.

C.thehostgiveswhiletheguesttakesinmutualism.

D.mutualismoccursbetweentwosimilarorganisms;however,commensalism,twounlikeorganisms.

問題3選項

A.runningspeed

B.strength

C.weakness

D.eyesight

問題4選項

A.

B.

C.

D.

問題5選項

A.thezebraoftenoffersmorehelpthantheostrichtodetecttheattackofthelion.

B.thezebraandtheostricharecomplementaryintheirabilitiesofavoidingbeingattackedby

C.boththezebraandtheostrichpossessgreatspeedandkeeneyesight.

D.withgreatspeed,thezebraandtheostrichrunfasterthananypredator.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)原文第一段“Mutualismisunlikethesymbioticstateofcommensalisminthatcommensalismisaone-sidedstateinwhichahostgivesandaguesttakes…”可知，互利共生與偏利共生的共生狀態(tài)并不相同，因為偏利共生是一種單向狀態(tài)，即宿主給予，寄生物索取。由此可知B項“宿主→寄生物”表述正確，故本題正確答案為B項。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題干詢問哪一項符合互利共生和偏利共生的區(qū)別。根據(jù)原文第一段“Mutualismisatypeofsymbiosisthatoccurswhentwounlikeorganismslivetogetherinastatethatismutuallybeneficial.”可知，互利共生是一種共生關(guān)系，當(dāng)兩個不同的有機體生活在一種互惠的狀態(tài)時就會發(fā)生。根據(jù)后文敘述的“Mutualismisunlikethesymbioticstateofcommensalisminthatcommensalismisaone-sidedstateinwhichahostgivesandaguesttakes...”可知，互利共生與偏利共生的共生狀態(tài)是不同的，偏利共生是一種單向的狀態(tài)，即宿主給予而寄生物索取。由此可知A項“偏利共生是一種雙向狀態(tài)”表述錯誤；B項“靠彼此相互給予和索取合伙共生”表述正確；C項“在互利共生中，宿主給予而寄生物索取”表述錯誤；D項“互利共生發(fā)生在兩種類似的生物之間，而偏利共生卻發(fā)生于兩種不同的生物之間”與原文不符。因此，本題正確答案為B項。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)原文第二段“Thezebra,witharunningspeedequaltothatoftheostrich,hasexcellenthearingandagoodsenseofsmellbutlacksthesharpeyesightoftheostrich.”可知，斑馬的奔跑速度與鴕鳥相當(dāng)，聽覺和嗅覺都很好，但缺乏鴕鳥敏銳的視力。由此可知這里的that指代“runningspeed（奔跑速度）”，故A項正確。B項strength表示“力量”；C項weakness表示“弱點”；D項eyesight表示“視力”。

4.理判斷題。根據(jù)原文第二段“Ifeitheranimalsensesdanger,bothanimalsarealertedandtakeoff.Withtherunningspeedthatbothoftheseanimalspossess,theyareabletooutrunanypredatorexceptthecheetah.”可知，如果兩者（即斑馬和鴕鳥）中任一種動物覺察到危險，那么兩種動物都會警覺起來并迅速奔跑。憑借這兩種動物的奔跑速度，它們能夠超越獵豹以外的任何捕食者。因此，本題正確答案為D項。

5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)原文第二段可知，斑馬和鴕鳥屬于互利共生的關(guān)系，它們都是獅子的獵物，都沒有能力獨自抵抗獅子的攻擊，所以它們要進(jìn)行協(xié)同防御，提醒對方可能有危險。如果兩者中任一種動物覺察到危險，那么這兩種動物都會警覺起來并迅速奔跑。憑借這兩種動物的奔跑速度，它們能夠超越獵豹以外的任何捕食者。由此可以判斷，B項“斑馬和鴕鳥在躲避攻擊的能力上是互補的”表述正確。而A項“在發(fā)現(xiàn)獅子的攻擊時，斑馬往往比鴕鳥提供更多的幫助”；C項“斑馬和鴕鳥都有極快的速度和敏銳的視力”以及D項“由于有非?？斓乃俣?，斑馬和鴕鳥跑得比任何食肉動物都快”均與原文不符，可排除。

4.單選題

It’sgoodtoknowthatquiteafewpopularEnglishexpressionsactually（）fromtheBible.

問題1選項

A.acquire

B.result

C.obtain

D.derive

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項acquire表示“獲得，取得”；B選項result表示“結(jié)果，導(dǎo)致”；C選項obtain表示“獲得，取得”；D選項derive表示“源于，得自”。根據(jù)句意可知，很多流行的英語表達(dá)實際上來自圣經(jīng)。因此，本題選擇D項最符合句意。

5.單選題

Ingeneral,theamountthatastudentspendsforhousingshouldbeheldtoone-fifththetotal（

）forlivingexpenses.

問題1選項

A.acceptable

B.available

C.advisable

D.applicable

【答案】B

【解析】句意:通常，一個學(xué)生花在住房上的費用應(yīng)控制在可支配生活費總額的五分之一以內(nèi)。

考查形容詞辨析。acceptable可接受的，令人滿意的；available可獲得的，可購得的，有空的；advisable明智的，可取的；applicable適用的，可實施的。故B符合句意。

6.單選題

Whetheryoulivetoeatoreattolive,foodisamajor（）ineveryfamily’sbudget.

問題1選項

A.nutrition

B.expenditure

C.routine

D.provision

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項nutrition表示“營養(yǎng)；營養(yǎng)學(xué)；營養(yǎng)品”；B選項expenditure表示“支出，花費；經(jīng)費，消費額”；C選項routine表示“程序；日常工作；例行公事”；D選項provision表示“規(guī)定；條款；準(zhǔn)備；供應(yīng)品”。根據(jù)句意可知，食物在每個家庭的預(yù)算中都是主要的支出，因此B選項最符合句意。故本題正確答案為B。

7.單選題

ThefamousmovieTitanic（）itsaudience.

問題1選項

A.thoughtintermswith

B.touchedachordin

C.hadconfidencein

D.hadatastefor

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。A選項thinkintermswith表示“結(jié)合……思考”；B選項touchachordin表示“觸動……的心弦”；C選項haveconfidencein表示“對……有信心”；D選項haveatastefor表示“對……感興趣；愛好……”。根據(jù)“Titanic”（《泰坦尼克號》）可知，這部電影應(yīng)當(dāng)是觸動了觀眾的心弦，故B項最符合句意。因此，本題正確答案為B項。

8.翻譯題

A.TranslatethefollowingparagraphsintoChinese.

AccordingtothetraditionalChineselunarcalendar,we’llofficiallywelcometheYearoftheHorsefollowingthearrivalofSpringFestival.

Thehorsehasplayedanimportantrotethroughouthumanhistoryallovertheworld.Horseswereusedforthousandsofyearsasameansoftransport,aweaponofwarandaplougheroffields,butthehorsewasmorethanjustavehicle—ithadmorecharacterthanacar,atankoratractor.IntheMiddleAgesinWesternsocieties,thehorsewasasymbolofchivalry（騎士精神）andnobility.Infact,theword‘‘chivalry’，coinesfrom“cheval”inOldFrench,whichmeanthorse.Theideaofchivalryhelpedtofashionthe19th-centuryconceptofthe“gentleman”，whichwasrelatedtocourtesy,courageandloyaltytofriends.Nowadays,becauseofeconomicdevelopment,peopleinModemsocietiesarelesslikelytoseeorridehorses.Peoplelivingincities,inparticular,hardlyeverexperiencehorsesexceptthroughmovies,paintingsorbooks.

Besidestheirphysicalstrengths,horseshavepowerfulbrains.Maybethat’swhytheChineseidiomsays:“Anoldhorsenevergetslost”.Sincethehorseishonoredasasymbolofvigor,loyalty,persistenceandintelligence,peoplebomintheYearoftheHorsearesaidtosharesuchgoodqualities.

B.TranslatethefollowingparagraphsintoEnglish.

中國作為文明古國，同樣有著輝煌的城市發(fā)展史。中國的城市也具有自身特色。改革開放30多年來，中國工業(yè)化、城鎮(zhèn)化(urbanization)步伐明顯加快，城鎮(zhèn)居民從1.7億人增加到近7億人，形成了一批有重要影響與發(fā)展活力的城市群，促進(jìn)了經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和社會進(jìn)步。城市化對經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會、文化都有巨大而深遠(yuǎn)的影響。面向未來，中國致力于推動科學(xué)發(fā)展，加快轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式，把城鎮(zhèn)化作為現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)的重大戰(zhàn)略。

【答案】A.

按照中國農(nóng)歷，隨著春節(jié)的到來，我們將正式迎來馬年。

在世界各國，馬在人類歷史上都扮演著舉足輕重的角色。數(shù)千年來，馬被用作運輸工具、戰(zhàn)爭武器以及犁地農(nóng)具。但其實，馬不僅僅是一種交通工具，其地位要遠(yuǎn)超汽車、坦克和拖拉機。在中世紀(jì)的西方社會，馬是騎士精神和貴族的象征。實際上，騎士精神chivalry—詞來源于古法語中的“馬(cheval)”。在騎士精祌的推動下，19世紀(jì)代表禮貌、勇氣和真誠的“紳士粘祌”成為一種風(fēng)尚。如今，隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，現(xiàn)代社會的人很少看到馬或騎馬。尤其是城市中的人們，除了通過電影、繪畫和書籍，幾乎沒有接觸過馬。

馬除了健壯的體魄外，還擁有強大的頭腦，這或許就是成語“老馬識途”的由來吧。馬是活力、忠誠、毅力和智慧的象征，因此傳說屬馬之人也具備這些優(yōu)良品質(zhì)。

B.

China,acountrywithanancientcivilization,alsohasaproudhistoryofurbandevelopment.Chinesecitiesarealsouniqueintheirownways.Sincethelaunchingofreformandopening-upprogramover30yearsago,Chinahasquickenedthepaceofindustrializationandurbanization,withurbanpopulationincreasingfrom170milliontosome700million.Theemergenceofanumberofcityclusterswithstronginfluenceanddynamismfordevelopmenthasboostedeconomicdevelopmentandsocialprogress.Urbanizationhasatremendousandprofoundimpactoneconomy,societyandculture.Goingforward,Chinawillpursuedevelopmentinascientificway,accelerateshiftofthegrowthmodelandtakeurbanizationasanimportantstrategyforpromotingmodernization.

9.單選題

Whenyouleaveajobwithatraditionalpension,don'tassumeyou'velostthechancetocollectit.You'reentitledtowhateverbenefityou'veearned—andyoumightevenbeentitledtotakeitnow."Alotofpeopleforgettheyhaveit,ortheythinkthatbywaitinguntilthey're65,they'llhaveabiggerbenefit,"saysWayneBogosian,presidentofthePFEGroup,whichprovidescorporatepre-retirementeducation.

Yourformeremployersshouldsendyouacertificatethatsayshowmuchyourpensionisworth.Ifit'slessthan$5,000,orifthecompanyoffersalump-sumpayout,itwillgenerallycloseyouraccountandcashyouout.Itmaynotseemlikemuch,but$5,000investedover20yearsat8%interestis$23,000.Ifyourpensionisworthmorethan$5,000,oryourcompanydoesn'tofferthelump-sumoption,findouthowmuchmoneyyou'reeligibleforattheplan'snormalretirementage,theearlierageatwhichyoucancollectthepension,themoreseverepenaltyforcollectingitearly.You'llprobablystillcomeoutaheadbytakingthemoneynowandinvestingit.

Whatifyouleftajobyearsago,andyou'rerealizingyoumayhaveunwittinglyleftbehindapension?GethelpfromthePensionBenefitGuarantyCorporation.Ithasanonlinesearchtoolthathashelpedlocate$47millioninlostbenefitsformorethan12,000workers.

Ifyouhaveatraditionalpension,retiringearlycostsmorethanyoumightexpect.Mostpeopleassumeyoutakeaproportionalcutforleavingbeforeyourplan'snormalretirementage.Forexample,youmightthinkthatifyouneedtoaccrue30yearsofserviceandyouleavethreeyearsearly,you'dgetapension90percentofthefullamount.

Butthat'snothowitworks.Instead,youtakeanactuarialreduction,determinedbytheemployerbutoftenaround5%ayear,foreachyearyouleaveearly.Soretiringthreeyearsearlycouldleaveyouwithonly85%ofthetotalamount.

Whenyouretireearlywithadefined-contributionplan,theproblemisyoustartspendinginvestmentsonwhichyoucouldbeearninginterest.Ifyouretirewhenyou're55,forexample,andstartusingthetraditionalpensionthen,byage65you'llhaveonlyabouthalfofwhatyouwould'vehadifyou'dkeptworkinguntil65.

1.Whenoneleavesajobwithatraditionalpension（）.

2.Iftheretiree'spensionislessthan$5,000,itiswiseofhimto（）.

3.Ifoneretiresearlywithadefined-contributionplan,heisexpectedto（）.

4.Whichofthefollowingcanbeusedasthesubtitleforthelastthreeparagraphs?

5.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisFALSE?

問題1選項

A.hetendstoforgetthathehasthepension

B.hehasnorighttoaskforthepension

C.he'llhaveabiggerbenefitthanifhewaitsuntiltheageof65

D.hehasaspecifiedworthofpension

問題2選項

A.askthecompanyforalump-sumpayout

B.requirehisformerbosstofigureoutthevalueofhispension

C.takethepensionwithhimandmakeaprofitoutofit

D.collectthepensionathisretirementplan'snormalretirementage

問題3選項

A.earnlessinterest

B.bebetteroilthanwithatraditionalpension

C.startinvestmentimmediately

D.getlessSocialSecuritybenefits

問題4選項

A.YourPayoutIsNotGuaranteed

B.LeaveEarly,LoseBig

C.TheRetirementDilemma

D.TakethePensionwithYou

問題5選項

A.Ifoneleaves3yearsearlyona30-year-servicebasis,hewon'tgetapensionworth27/30.

B.Itpaystogetanearlyretirementifoneunderstandshowretirementpensionplanworks.

C.ThePensionBenefitGuarantyCorporationhelpstheretireetorecoverlostbenefits.

D.Ifonekeepshisexpenseswithinhisretirementframework,hewon'tbeseverelyaffected.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)原文第一段You'reentitledtowhateverbenefityou'veearned—andyoumightevenbeentitledtotakeitnow以及第二段Yourformeremployersshouldsendyouacertificatethatsayshowmuchyourpensionisworth.可知，如果你之前的工作有傳統(tǒng)養(yǎng)老金，那么退休之后你就得到一筆一定數(shù)目的養(yǎng)老金。故本題正確答案為D選項

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題干詢問：如果退休人員的養(yǎng)老金賬戶不足5000美元，他怎么做會比較明智。根據(jù)原文第二段Ifit’slessthan$5,000,orifthecompanyoffersalump-sumpayout,itwillgenerallycloseyouraccountandcashyouout.Itmaynotseemlikemuch,but$5,000investedover20yearsat8%interestis$23,000可知，如果少于5000美元，或者公司提供一次性支付，那么就會關(guān)閉養(yǎng)老金賬戶，把錢取出來做20年額投資，以8%的利率計算就是23000美元。由此可知C選項“拿著養(yǎng)老金（投資）賺取利潤”最符合題意，故本題正確答案為C項。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Whenyouretireearlywithadefined-contributionplan,theproblemisyoustartspendinginvestmentsonwhichyoucouldbeearninginterest.可知，如果你有固定繳款計劃，而你提前退休了，那么問題就出現(xiàn)了。你開始把錢花在本可以賺取利息的投資項目上。后面舉例說明：如果你在55歲時退休，然后開始使用傳統(tǒng)的養(yǎng)老金，那么到65歲時，你的養(yǎng)老金只有你一直工作到65歲時的一半左右。由此可知，A選項“賺得的利息變少”最符合題意，故本題正確答案為A項。

4.推理判斷題。題干詢問：下列哪一項適合作為最后三段的小標(biāo)題？分析原文可知，文章最后三段主要講的是提前退休與養(yǎng)老金的關(guān)系，過早退休開始使用養(yǎng)老金，會比工作到正常退休年齡損失大。因此，B選項“提前退休，損失巨大”最適合作為最后三段的標(biāo)題，故本題正確答案為B項。

5.推理判斷題。題干詢問：下列哪一項表述不正確？選項B表示“如果一個人了解退休養(yǎng)老汁劃的運行機制，那么提前退休是劃算的”明顯錯誤，由最后一段可知，提前退休會造成養(yǎng)老金減少，所以提前退休損失很大。其余選項與原文表述均相符，故本題正確答案為B選項。

10.單選題

Don’tthisnewstothepublicuntilwegiveyouthego-ahead.

問題1選項

A.relieve

B.release

C.relate

D.inform

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項relieve表示“解除，減輕”；B選項release表示“釋放，發(fā)布”；C選項relate表示“涉及，關(guān)聯(lián)，認(rèn)同”；D選項inform表示“通知，告訴”。根據(jù)句意可知，在得到許可前切勿向大眾發(fā)布消息。故本題正確答案為B選項。

11.單選題

Itisreportedthatfewerandfeweroftoday’sworkersexpecttospendtheirworkinglivesinthesamefield,（

）thesamecompany.

問題1選項

A.muchworse

B.lesslikely

C.allelse

D.letalone

【答案】D

【解析】句意:據(jù)報道，如今越來越少的工人愿意一輩子從事一個領(lǐng)域的工作，更不用說在一個公司了。

考查短語辨析。muchworse更糟糕的是;lesslikely最不可能的是;allelse其他一切；letalone更不用說。故D符合句意。

12.單選題

Theshipisequippedwithspecialrefrigeratingdevicesto（）foodforthewholevoyage.

問題1選項

A.conserve

B.reserve

C.preserve

D.maintain

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項conserve表示“保存，儲藏”；B選項reserve表示“預(yù)定，儲備”；C選項preserve表示“保存，保護(hù)，維持”；D選項maintain表示“維持，保持”。根據(jù)句意“船上裝載了特殊的冰箱設(shè)備來（

）食物以保證整個航行的需要”可知，conserve更符合句意，因此本題正確答案為A。

13.單選題

We'llvisitEuropenextyear（）wehaveenoughmoney.

問題1選項

A.lest

B.provided

C.unless

D.until

【答案】B

【解析】副詞辨析題。A選項lest“唯恐，以免”；B選項provided“倘若，假如”；C選項unless“除非”；D選項until“直到...”。句意：如果我們有足夠的錢，明年我們就去歐洲。選項B符合句意。

14.單選題

Thepolicemenwentintoaction（

）theyheardthealarm.

問題1選項

A.promptly

B.directly

C.quickly

D.presently

【答案】B

【解析】句意:警察一聽到警報就馬上行動了起來。

語法題。考查連詞。分析題干可知,此處需填入連詞連接前后句子。只有B項directly能夠作連詞，表示“一…就…”。

15.單選題

Generally,promptcoolingandproperrefrigerationoffoodscanhold（

）bacteriainfoodstoasafelevel.

問題1選項

A.anumberof

B.thenumberof

C.anamountof

D.aquantityof

【答案】B

【解析】句意:一般來說，迅速冷卻并經(jīng)過適當(dāng)?shù)睦洳?，食物中的?xì)菌量會被控制在安全范圍內(nèi)。

考查短語辨析。anumberof若干，許多;thenumberof…的數(shù)量;anamountof總量”通常與不可數(shù)、無生命的名詞連用；aquantityof一些。故B符合句意。

16.單選題

Thiswasthe（）whenanti-globalizationprotesterstooktothestreetsduringtheWorldEconomicForumatDavosinJanuary.

問題1選項

A.scene

B.sight

C.view

D.vision

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項scene表示“場面，場景，事件”；B選項sight表示“視力，景象，眼界”；C選項view表示“觀察，視野，意見”；D選項vision表示“視力，美景，幻想”?？杖碧幟~作when引導(dǎo)的定語從句的先行詞，只有scene“情景，場景”合適，故本題正確答案為A?！揪湟狻拷衲?月，反全球化抗議者在達(dá)沃斯世界經(jīng)濟(jì)論壇期間走上街頭，這就是當(dāng)時的情景。

17.單選題

Throughtheyears,ourviewofwhatleadershipisandwhocanexerciseithaschangedconsiderably.Leadershipcompetencieshaveremainedconstant,butourunderstandingofwhatitis,howitworks,andthewaysinwhichpeoplelearntoapplyithasshifted.Wedohavethebeginningofageneraltheoryofleadership,fromhistoryandsocialresearchandaboveallfromthethoughtsofreflectivepractitionerssuchasMoses,JuliusCaesar,andJamesMadison,andinourowntimefromsuchdisparatesourcesofwisdomasGandhi,WinstonChurchill,MaoTse-tung,andHenryKissinger,whohaveverylittleincommonexceptthattheyhavenotbeentherebuttriedwithsomefairnesstospeculateonpaperaboutit.

Buttalesandreflectiveobservationarenotenoughexcepttoconvinceusthatleadersarephysicallystrongandabnormallyhardworkers.Todaywearealittleclosertounderstandinghowandwhopeoplelead,butitwasn'teasygettingthere.Decadesofacademicanalysishavegivenusmorethan350definitionsofleadership.Literallythousandsofempiricalinvestigationsofleadershavebeenconductedinthelast75yearsalone,butnoclearunderstandingexistsastowhatdistinguishesleadersfromnon-leaders,andperhapsmoreimportant,whatdistinguisheseffectiveleadersfromineffectiveleadersandeffectiveorganizationsfromineffectiveorganizations.

Neverhavesomanylaboredsolongtosaysolittle.Multipleinterpretationsofleadershipexist,eachprovidingafragmentofinsightbuteachremaininganincompleteandwhollyinadequateexplanation.Mostofthesedefinitionsdon'tagreewitheachother,andmanyofthemwouldseemquiteremotetotheleaderswhoseskillsarebeingexamined.Definitionsreflectfashions,politicaltidesandacademictrends.Theydon'talwaysreflectrealityandsometimestheyjustrepresentnonsense.It'sasifwhatBraqueoncesaidaboutartisalsotrueofleadership:"Theonlythingthatmattersinartisthepartthatcannotbeexplained."

Manytheoriesofleadershiphavecomeandgone.Somelookedattheleader.Somelookedatthesituation.Nonehasstoodthetestoftime.Withsuchatrackrecord,itisunderstandablewhyleadershipresearchandtheoryhavebeensofrustratingastodeservethelabel"thelaBreaTarPits"oforganizationalinquiry.LocatedinLosAngeles,theseasphaltpitshousetheremainsofalongsequenceofprehistoricanimalsthatcametoinvestigatebutneverleftthearea.

1.Severalbignamesarementionedinthefirstparagraphmainlytoshowtheir（）.

2.Accordingtothewriter,people'sopinionsofleadershipareonthewholequite（）.

3.Thewriterthinksthat（）.

4."ThelaBreaTarPits"probablysignifiesthingsthat（）.

5.Thispassageismainlyconcernedwith（）?

問題1選項

A.differentstylesofleadership

B.effectiveexerciseofleadership

C.contributionstothetheoryofleadership

D.wisdominapplyingthetheoryofleadership

問題2選項

A.divided

B.original

C.misleading

D.sophisticated

問題3選項

A.manypeoplehavelaboredtobeleaders

B.leadersarebeyondourunderstanding

C.theessenceofleadershiphasnotbeengrasped

D.thedefinitionsofleadershipshouldvary

問題4選項

A.canbetracedbacktotheprehistoricage

B.aretrapsforthosewhowanttoinquire

C.arelocatedinoneplaceforever

D.don'tdeservefullinvestigation

問題5選項

A.theinaccuratedefinitionsofleadership

B.thefamousleadersandtheirtheories

C.thechangesinthetrendofleadership

D.theinconsistenttheoriesofleadership

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題干詢問：第一段中提到這幾位偉人的名字是為了表明什么？根據(jù)題干定位到原文第一段，由第一段最后一句可知，我們對領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力的初識源于歷史和社會的研究，尤其是從反思性實踐者的思想而來，譬如摩西、凱撒大帝和詹姆斯?麥迪遜；在我們自己的時代就來源于甘地、溫斯頓?丘吉爾、毛澤東和亨利?基辛格等人的截然不同的思想。由此可知，第一段提及多位領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人的目的，是想表明他們對于領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力理論的貢獻(xiàn)。因此本題正確答案選C。

2.觀點態(tài)度題。題干詢問：作者認(rèn)為，人們對領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力的看法總體上是怎樣的。根據(jù)原文第三段Multipleinterpretationsofleadershipexist...以及Mostofthesedefinitionsdon'tagreewitheachother可知，人們對領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力存在多種解釋并且大多數(shù)的定義都不一致。因此，作者認(rèn)為人們對于領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力的觀點是分化的，故本題正確答案為A項。

3.觀點態(tài)度題。由原文第二段Decadesofacademicanalysishavegivenusmorethan350definitionsofleadership.Literallythousandsofempiricalinvestigationsofleadershavebeenconductedinthelast75yearsalone,butnoclearunderstandingexistsastowhatdistinguishesleadersfromnon-leaders,andperhapsmoreimportant,whatdistinguisheseffectiveleadersfromineffectiveleadersandeffectiveorganizationsfromineffectiveorganizations.可知，幾十年的學(xué)術(shù)分析為我們提供了350多種領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力的定義。僅在過去的75年里，人們就對領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者進(jìn)行了成千上萬的實證研究，但對于如何區(qū)分領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者和非領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者，或許更重要的是如何區(qū)分有效的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者和無效的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者，以及有效的組織和無效的組織，卻沒有明確的認(rèn)識。由此可知，C選項“領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力的本質(zhì)還沒有被掌握”符合題意，故本題正確答案為C項。

4.詞匯題。將thelaBreaTarPits定位到原文最后一段，由后文信息LocatedinLosAngeles,theseasphaltpitshousetheremainsofalongsequenceofprehistoricanimalsthatcametoinvestigatebutneverleftthearea.可知，這些瀝青坑位于洛杉磯，里面存放著一長串史前動物的遺骸，這些動物前來調(diào)查，但從未離開過這個地區(qū)。由此可知，這些瀝青坑是那些想要問問題的人的陷阱。故本題正確答案為B選項。

5.主旨大意題。文章第一段講述了多年來，我們對什么是領(lǐng)導(dǎo)以及誰能行使領(lǐng)導(dǎo)職能的看法發(fā)生了很大變化；第二段雖然我們對領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力的認(rèn)識有了更進(jìn)一步的認(rèn)識，但是這樣的研究還遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠；最后兩段講了關(guān)于領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力的解釋五花八門，但這些解釋都不充分且互相抵觸，許多理論都只是暫時的，經(jīng)不住時間的考驗。由此可知，文章主要闡述的是對于領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力的理論不一致，故本題正確答案為D項。

18.單選題

Ahealthytradingsystemrequiresthatcountriesbebotheagerexportersandimporters.Ifnationsdon’tspendwhattheyearnabroad—orifweakeconomiesmakethemweakimporters-thenthetradingsystemwillcollapse.Thatistoday’sproblem.

Wherewillfuturetradeexpansioncomefrom?Europeseemsadoubtfulcandidate.Withfeebleeconomicgrowth,itwon’tbuyalotmoreexports.LatinAmericaisinasimilarposition.Manybigcountries(Argentina,Brazil)aresoburdenedbydebtthattheirgrowthishobbledandtheystriveforexportsurpluses-earningpreciousdollars-torepaytheirinternationalloans.AsforAfrica,it’ssopoorthatithardlymattersinglobaltrade.

Well,whataboutAsia?Itoughttosavetheglobaltradingsystem,butitmaydojusttheopposite.Thesecountriesareferociousexporters;theyseemtostriveforpermanenttradesurplusesandhoardtheirexcessexportearnings.Considerwhat’shappenedtotheirforeignexchangereserves.Since1996,theforeignexchangereservesofsomemajorAsiancountrieshavejumpedfromabout$500billiontomorethan$1.3trillion.Thesefundsaretypicallyleftinsafeinvestments,suchasU.S.Tr