中考英語新題型摘錄要點

中考英語新題型摘錄要點中考英語新題型摘錄要點中考英語新題型摘錄要點V:1.0精細整理，僅供參考中考英語新題型摘錄要點日期：20xx年X月中考文章摘錄要點專題講解一、考題要求：第二節(jié)摘錄要點(5小題，計10分)閱讀下面的材料，然后在表格中完成內(nèi)容摘要，每空不超過三個單詞。二、樣題研究：2014長沙摘錄要點樣題是一篇150個詞的文章，它由兩部分組成，一是所需閱讀的文章一篇，二是根據(jù)該文章所設計的圖表，其題材為說明文，圖表是文章的結(jié)構圖，它反映了文章本身的邏輯思路，也是反映命題人的設題思路。圖表共5個空格，其答題信息均可直接從原文中找到。三、對考生要求：盡管樣題的答題信息均可從原文中直接找到，但為了使考生萬無一失，以不變應萬變，我們還是對考生相關能力提出了更高要求。1.閱讀理解能力。對文章的整體把握，領略大意。對文章的結(jié)構和層次把握，弄清局部和整體的關系。對文章局部的透徹理解，提取有用信息。

2.對圖表的識讀能力?？忌杆侔盐請D表的結(jié)構分布層次，命題人的出題角度，哪個空是考察細節(jié)，哪個空考察結(jié)論，哪個空考察標題。

3.分析、概括、推斷能力。圖表試題中有的可以直接從原文中提取到，有的則需要對原文信息進行再加工處理，得到原文相一致的文外詞匯。

4.正確書寫能力。這就需要考生具有一定的詞匯儲備，而且能夠認識句子結(jié)構和句子成分，根據(jù)句子結(jié)構和成分來判斷所填詞的詞性。當然，考生也應該具有構詞法的知識。例如，詞性轉(zhuǎn)換，形容詞、副詞的比較級、最高級，名詞的復數(shù)形式等。此外，還有提煉出文章主旨或者重要信息的能力，也就是在語篇結(jié)構解讀基礎上的信息轉(zhuǎn)換能力。四、解題步驟：第一步，瀏覽圖表。劃分板塊，標題塊、結(jié)論塊、主題塊、細節(jié)塊。標題塊和結(jié)論塊里的空放在最后做，然后按主題塊次序先做細節(jié)空，再做主題空。

第二步，快速略讀全文，把主題塊和相應的段落對應起來。

第三步，在圖表中領任務，第一主題塊對應的細節(jié)中的空，帶上任務精讀相應的段落細節(jié)，提取信息，填空完成試題。然后完成主題塊，最后完成標題塊。五、題目的設置類型及答題策略1.信息捕捉題(文中原詞)

要求學生能快速在文章中查找相關細節(jié)，鎖定信息來源，并用文章中的詞來填空。例如：樣題中第58題可從原文第一句ItliesinTaoyuanCountyandis23kmawayfromChangde.直接得出。樣題中第59題可從第一段最后一句Thetourareatodayismadeupoffourparts－theTaohuaMountain,theTaohualingHill,theTaoyuanMountainandtheQinrenVillage.直接得出。2.同義轉(zhuǎn)換題靈活考查學生在知識重組基礎上，運用多中表達方式表意的能力，突顯遣詞造句能力的考查。比如，用意義相同或相反的詞完成句子的能力。同時，在限定不超過3個詞的要求下，更需要考生有逆向思維的能力。這種類型的題目一般不能直接在文章中找到題目給出的句子，需要考生在捕捉到相關信息之后，將捕捉到的信息進行加工轉(zhuǎn)換。2014長沙中考樣題56題所給答案（56.Placesofinterest/Scenicspots/Scenicarea/Attractiveplaces…）就充分的體現(xiàn)了這一點。3.信息綜合題(綜合概括題)

要求考生能夠準確無誤地概括出文章的主題或行(欄)的標題，考查學生概括與推斷的能力，歸納、抽象并提煉出文章主旨或者重要信息的能力，也就是在語篇結(jié)構解讀基礎上的信息轉(zhuǎn)換能力。例如樣題的第57.ChangdePoemWall常見英語摘錄要點概括性詞匯：

標題title主題topic原因cause/reason結(jié)果result措施/步驟measure/step方法solution/way/manner/method態(tài)度attitude趨勢tendency結(jié)論conclusion建議suggestion/tip/advice要求requirement/demand問題problem觀點opinion/view/idea意義significance目的/目標purpose/aim/goal影響effect/influence定義definition來源source數(shù)量quantity質(zhì)量quality優(yōu)劣advantage/disadvantage特色.特征feature人物/角色character.類型type/kind/sort情節(jié)plot內(nèi)容content行為behavior重要性importance必要性necessity/must情感feeling/emotion異同difference/similarity外表appearance信息information人口population貢獻contribution想象力imagination創(chuàng)造力creativity概括、總結(jié)summary要點、提綱outline其它time/place/situation/condition六、專題訓練第一組（1）閱讀下面的材料，然后在表格中完成內(nèi)容摘要，每空不超過三個單詞。ItliesinTaoyuanCountyandis23kmawayfromChangde.Thetemplesherewerebuiltinthe10thcentury.Duringthereign(統(tǒng)治)ofGuangxu(1875-1908)oftheQingDynasty,ascenicspot(景點)appearedaccordingtothearticle“OntheLandofPeachChangdePoemWallChangdePoemWallisa3-kilometer-longriverbankalongsidetheYuanjiangRiver,whichisengraved(雕刻)withpoems,handwritingandpaintinganditislistedasthelongestwallwithengravedartsinGuinnessRecord.TaohuayuanTitle（標題）:56inNameLocation(位置)Features(特色)TaohuayuaninTaoyuantheTaohua5958awayfromChangdetheTaoyuantheQinren

57alongsidetheYuanjiangpoemshandwriting60（2）ArecentreportfromZhuzhouDailysaysabout18%ofZhuzhouteenagerscanhaveproblemswiththeirminds（內(nèi)心，精神）.Somestudentsbecomeworriedbecausetheyhavetostudyveryhard.Othershavetroublegettingonwellwithpeopleliketheirparentsandclassmates.ZhangQiang,aJunior2studentfromZhuzhou,couldnotunderstandhisteachersinclassandwasdoingbadlyinhislessons.Hewasafraidofexams.Whenhelookedattheexampaper,hecouldn’tthinkofanythingtowrite.Anotherstudent,a15-year-oldgirlcalledWuYanoftenarguedwithherclassmatesevenherparentsbecauseofsomedifferentideas.Shebecamesoannoyedaboutthemthatshestartedtocutherfingerwithaknife.However,manystudentswhohaveproblemswon’tgoforadviceorhelp.Somethinktheywilllookstupid（愚蠢的）iftheygotoseeadoctor.Othersdon’twanttotalkabouttheirsecrets.Inordertosolvetheteenagers’problems,hereissomeadvice:●Talktoyourparentsorteachersoften.●Takepartingroupactivitiesandplaysports.●Gotoseeadoctorifyoufeelunhappyorunwell.Title:Teenager'sproblemswith_____①_____ProblemsExamplesZhangQiang1.Notunderstandinghisteachersand____②_____inhisstudy2.BeingafraidofexamsWuYanArguedwithherclassmatesevenherparentsbecauseof____________③_______________._______④_____●Talkingtoyourparentsorteachersoften.●__________⑤__________groupactivitiesandplaysports.●Goingtoseeadoctorifyoufeelunhappyorunwell.（3）InmostChineseteavillages,Marchisthetimeofyearinwhichlocalsstarttopickandprocesstea.Theusuallyquietvillagessuddenlybecomecrowdedcentersofactivity,aspeopletakeoutspecialtoolsandprepareforteaprocessing.Insomevillages,localresidentsholdtraditionalceremonies,thankingheavenforitsblessing.ThepriceofteapickedinMarchisextremelyhighbecauseitisfresh,tenderandcontainsmultipletraceelements.Chinahasbeenfamousforteaproductionsinceancienttimes.OfthegoodstransportedandtradedalongtheOldSilkRoadlinkingChinatotheMiddleEastandEurope,theimportanceofteawasmatchedonlybysilk.ChinaproducesOolong,black,green,white,yellowanddarktea.TheOolong,greenandblackvarietiesaremostfamousfortheirhighquality.MostofChina'steavillagesarefoundinremotemountainousareasinthecountry'ssouthandsouthwest,wherethebeautifulsceneryisoftenhiddenunderclouds.1.Title:_______________TimeFrom2.__________________tillnowTradinginthepastAlongthe3.________________tomanyothercountries.ProducingplaceRemoteandquietteavillages4_________________Oolong,black,green,white,yellowanddarktea5.______forexpensiveMarchteaFresh,tenderandcontainingmultipletraceelements第二組(1)Somebirthdaycustomsarequitesimilarinmanypartsoftheworld----birthdaycandles(蠟燭),birthdaygames，andbirthdaycakes.Butsomecustomsaremorespecifictocertaincountries.Herearesomechildrentalkingabouttheircustoms.Linda---Iamfourteen.IcomefromAruba.Inourcountry,Childrentakesomethingspecialtoschoolfortheirclassmatesandallteachers.Eachteachergivesthebirthdaychildasmallgiftlikeapencil,aneraserorapostcard.Thebirthdaychildisalsoallowedtowearspecialclothesinsteadoftheschooluniform.Lucy---IamoneyearolderthanLinda.Denmarkismycountry.Aflagisflownoutsideawindowtoshowthatsomeonewholivesinthathouseishavingabirthday.Presentsareplacedaroundthechild'sbedwhiletheyaresleepingsotheywillseethematoncewhentheywakeup.Tom---IamasoldasLinda.IamfromBrazil.Thebirthdaychildreceivesapullontheearlobe(耳垂)foreachyearinmycountry.Thebirthdaypersonalsogivesthefirstsliceofcaketohis/hermostspecialfriendorrelative,usuallymomordad.NamesCountriesAgesSpecialcustomsLindaArubaFourteenEachteacherreceivessomethingspecialfrom(1)._________andgiveshimorherasmallgift.LucyDenmark(2)________Ifyousee(3)________flyingoutsideawindow,youmayknowsomeoneinthathouseishavingabirthdayTom(4)______Fourteen(5)_________ofthebirthdaycakeisusuallygiventoMomorDad.(2)HarbinisinnorthernChina.It'sverycoldinwinter,sometimes-30℃.Touristsneedtowearwarmclothes.ThereisanIceandSnowFestivalinwinter.Ahotelroomisabout230yuanaBeijingisnotverycoldinwinter.It'sabout-10°C.Itdoesn'toftenrainorsnow.Hotelsusuallycuttheirpricesinwinter.About200yuananightisenough.CityWeather1______.ofahotelroomSanyaIt'sstill2______.inwinter.About320yuananight3______.It'sverycoldinwinter.About4_____yuananightBeijingIt'snotverycoldinwinter.Itdoesn'toften5___________.About200yuananight(3)LastTuesday,alittlegirldiedaftereatingsomefriedchicken.HerfatherboughtthechickenforherfromastreetsellerinFenzhuangVillage,Fengtai,Beijing.Aftertestingthegirl,thedoctorsaidshewaspoisoned(中毒)bynitrites(亞硝酸鹽).SomeexpertssuggestthatweshouldbuyfoodswithQSsigns.Theyaresafer.Afterhearingabouttheaccident,manypeoplefeelmoreworriedaboutthefoodsafetybecausetherehavebeenmanyfoodsafetyproblemsinourcountrytheseyears.Forexample,poisonous(有毒的)rice,oil,milkandsoonhavebeenfoundoutrecently.Peoplefeelquiteafraidbecausethesepoisonousfoodsareratherbadfortheirhealthandevenkillthem.Theywantthegovernmenttodosomethingtostopsuchpoisonousfoodsanddrinksappearingagainsothattheycanhavesafeandhealthyfoodsanddrinks.InformationCard1.Thelittlegirldiedaftersheate__________.2.Someexpertssuggestthatweshouldbuyfoodswith__________.3Manypeoplefeel_______aboutthefoodsafetyafterhearingabouttheaccident.4.Thepoisonousfoodsare_________forpeople'shealthandevenkillthem.5.Thepeoplewant

thegovernment__________tostopsuchpoisonousfoodsanddrinksappearingagain.(4)ManykindsofbirdsliveintheUnitedStates,butthenumberofthebirdsisbecomingsmallereveryyear.Oneoftheleadingreasonsisthegrowingnumberofpetcats.Bykeepingyourpetcatsinyourhome,youcanhelpgivebirdsabetterpossiblechancetolive.Ofthe90millionpetcatsinthiscountry,abouttwo—thirdsareallowedtogooutside.Itissaidthatthesecatskillhundredsofmillionsofbirdseachyear,aswellasbillionsofsmallanimalssuchasrabbitsandfieldmice.Theycanalsobringillnesstotheanimalsthatliveinpeople'syard(院子),furtherweakeningthehealthofthenaturalpopulations.Allowingpetcatstogooutsideisnotjustbadforbirdsandwildlife,it'salsobadforthecatsthemselves.Outdoorcatscangetsickveryeasily.Theyareindangerfromtrafficandattacks(攻擊)fromotheranimals.Infact,outdoorcatsusuallydon'tlivepasttheageoffive,whileindoorcatsoftenlivetobe17orolder.Keepyourpetcatinside!Ifyouraiseayoungcat,it'syourdutytoletitplayinside.ProblemThenumberofbirdsisbecoming1._______;

atthesametime,manypetcatsarein2.______fromtrafficandattacksfromotheranimals.ReasonfortheproblemPetcatsare3._______togooutsidefreelyWhattodoPeoplewho4._______ayoungcathavethe5.______toletitplayinside.(5)TheideaofMother’sDayisaveryoldidea.ItwasstartedbytheancientEgyptians(埃及人),whocelebrated(慶祝)adaytohonour(向……表示敬意)Isis,themotherofthepharaohs.TheearlyChristians(基督教徒)celebratedadaytohonourMary,themotherofJesus.Later,EnglishChristianscelebratedtohonourallmothers.ThisEnglishholidaywascalled“MotheringSunday”.WhentheEnglishcametoAmerica,theydidnothavetimeforMotheringSunday,sotheholidaywasnotcelebratedinAmerica.In1914,theU.Spassedalawwhichdesignated(規(guī)定)thesecondSundayinMayasMother’sDaytohonourthemotherswhohadlostsonsinwar.Today,Mother’sDayiscelebratedinmanyothercountriesforallmothers.InCanada,Australia,NewZealand,Mother’sDayiscelebratedonthesamedayasintheUnitedStates—thesecondSundayinMay.Childrengivetheirmotherscards,gifts,andflowers.SchoolsplanMother’sDay’sspecialactivities.InChina,theholidayiscelebratedtoshowtherespect(尊重)theChinesehavefortheoldpeople,andthelovetheyhavefortheirparents.Tentopmothersarechosenbythegovernment.Peoplealloverthecountrytrydifferentwaystohelpmotherswhoarepoor.(1)_______________________People/CountyWhotoHonourActivitiesinancienttimesEgyptiansIsisearlyChristiansMarylatertheEnglishallmotherstheU.Smotherswhohadlostsonsinwar(2)_______________nowCanada,Australia,etcallmothersgivemotherscards,gifts,andflowers;(3)____________China(4)_____________;parentschoosetentopmothers;(5)_______________（6）AnAmericannamedCruminventedpotatochipsin1853,althoughthatwasnothisintention（意圖）.HewasachefatabeautifulrestaurantinSaratogaSprings,NewYorkOneday,adinnerguestattherestaurantsentbackhisfriedpotatoestothechefbecausehedidnotlikethemsothick.SoMrCrumcutthepotatoesalittlethinnerandfriedthem.Theguestdidnotlikethoseeither.ThatmadeMrCrumangry,sohethoughthewouldjustshowtheman.Heslicedthepotatoespaper-thinandfriedthem,thinkingthatthemanwouldsaynothingaboutit.However,tohissurprise,themanlovedthethinpotatoesverymuch.Othergueststriedthemandalsolikedthem.So,MrCrum’spotatochipswereaddedtothemenu.TheycalledSaratogaChips.Finally,MrCrumopenedhisownrestauranttosellhisfamouschips.Nowpotatochipsarepackaged（包裝）andsoldinstores.Whoinvented1

2wasanAmericanchefatarestaurant.Adinnerguest3hisfriedpotatoestothechefbecausetheyweresothick.Thechefwasprobablygladintheendbecause4.Nowpotatochipsarepackagedandalsosold5.(7)NewEnergyintheTwenty-firstCenturyEnergyfromthewindWindisakindofcleanenergy,andthereislotsofit,But,ifthere'snowind,thereisnowindenergy.EnergyfromthewaterWhenwatermovesfromahighplacetoalowerplace,itcanmakeelectricity(電）withoutpollution.However,peoplehavetobuilddams(水壩)tousethisenergy,andbuildingdamsisveryexpensive.EnergyfromtheearthThereisheatintherocksundertheearth.Scientistsusetheheattomakegeothermal(地熱的)energy.Thiskindofenergyischeap,butitisonlypossibleinafewplacesintheworld.EnergyfromthesunSolarpanels(太陽電池板)ontheroofsofhousescanturnenergyfromthesunintoelectricity.Solarpoweriscleanandplentiful(豐富的).butwhentheweatherisbad,Itdoesn'twork.NewEnergyinTwenty-firstCenturyAdvantagesDisadvantagesWindEnergyClean