課例說(shuō)明和講解2

中考英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí)之閱讀篇——閱讀技巧訓(xùn)練之語(yǔ)境猜詞法說(shuō)明1：在中考英語(yǔ)閱讀中，我們主要從以下五點(diǎn)方法訓(xùn)練以提高學(xué)生閱讀的效率：帶題閱讀法抓首、尾句法有意設(shè)問(wèn)法（巧用五個(gè)W）詞義猜測(cè)法找信息源法在本節(jié)課例里，主要訓(xùn)練的是學(xué)生猜詞的能力。在猜詞方法上主要分為兩種情況：1、孤立地根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法猜測(cè)詞義。2、在語(yǔ)境中根據(jù)上、下文猜測(cè)詞義。說(shuō)明2：引出Wordshavetheirownfamily,課例以Everyonehastheirownfamilytoo.簡(jiǎn)單介紹英語(yǔ)單詞的構(gòu)詞法。其中包括說(shuō)明初中英語(yǔ)常見(jiàn)的前、后綴的意思及介紹合成詞。這就是猜詞的第一大方法：一、根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法猜詞在學(xué)生對(duì)構(gòu)詞法有了初步的印象之后進(jìn)行一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的練習(xí)。練習(xí)1：Matchthemeaningwiththenewwords.1.rebuildA.不安全的2.modernizeB.誤解的3.man-madeC.重建4.unsafeD.現(xiàn)代化5.misunderstandingE.人造的說(shuō)明3：事實(shí)上絕大多數(shù)單詞不是孤立出現(xiàn)的。如何在特定語(yǔ)境中猜測(cè)詞義？課例以dissent、jog、numb三個(gè)新單詞切入，導(dǎo)出三個(gè)利用不同方法在語(yǔ)境中猜詞的句子：1．Mostofusagreed,however,Billdissented.2．Whydoesjogging--runningslowly--becomesopopular?3．It'sreallycoldoutside,andmyhandsarebothnumb.幫助學(xué)生通過(guò)觀察和探究性學(xué)習(xí)，總結(jié)出語(yǔ)境猜詞的簡(jiǎn)單規(guī)律，主要有以下三點(diǎn)：根據(jù)關(guān)聯(lián)詞猜詞；根據(jù)定義、釋義、舉例或復(fù)述猜詞；根據(jù)生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)及普通常識(shí)猜詞。從歸納到總結(jié)，再由總結(jié)重新回到實(shí)例。通過(guò)展示實(shí)例鞏固規(guī)律。二、根據(jù)關(guān)聯(lián)詞猜詞表示因果關(guān)系的：because，as，since，for，so，asaresult，ofcourse，表示同義關(guān)系的：and,or,similarly，like，justas，also表示反義關(guān)系的：though,unlike,instead(of),ratherthan,ontheotherhand,still,but，while，however,yet,eventhough,although等等。例如：Icouldseenothingbecausethelightwassofaint.（faint：昏暗的）Tomisveryrude,buthisbrotherisquitepolite.（polite：有禮貌的）Sheisbeautiful,andherdaughterisasprettyasher.（pretty：漂亮的）三、根據(jù)定義、釋義、舉例或復(fù)述猜詞常用的：be，or，thatistosay，inotherwords，becalled，tobe,referto,beknownas,mean或破折號(hào)或定語(yǔ)從句等來(lái)表示。Janeiswarm-hearted,shelikestohelp.（warm-hearted：熱心的）Porkisthemeatofpigs.（pork：豬肉）Iloveanyofcomedies:Mr.Bean,KongFu,CrazyStone.（comedy：喜?。┧?、根據(jù)生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)及普通常識(shí)猜詞Chinaisourmotherland.（motherland：祖國(guó)）Kangaroomothershavepouchestocarrytheirbabies.（pouch：育兒袋）說(shuō)明4：在學(xué)生對(duì)規(guī)律有了一定理解后，教師有層次地安排相應(yīng)的練習(xí)，加深并鞏固學(xué)生的印象。練習(xí)2：Choosetherightmeaningofthenewwordsinsentences.1.Alotoftheworld’sresourcesnaturallikeoilcomefrompoorcountries.A.環(huán)境B.資源C.汽油2.Theoldmanputonhisspectaclesandbegantoread.A.帽子B.雨鞋C.眼鏡3.Mymomwasalittleheavy.AndIwasalmostasplumpasmymom.A.豐滿(mǎn)B.苗條C.強(qiáng)壯4.Childrenhaveschoolbagswithtwostrapstocarrythem.A.口袋B.肩帶C.紐扣練習(xí)3：Lookattheblackboard.Trytoguessthemeaningofthenewwordsasquicklyasyoucan.Wealthymeanshavinglotsofmoney.（wealthy：富裕的，有錢(qián)的）Doctorsbelievethatsmokingisdetrimentaltoyourhealth.（detrimental：有害的）Mymother-in-law,myhusband’smother,wasateacher（mother.-in-law：婆婆）Theboyhadahappyfamilybefore.However,afterthewar,hebecamehomeless（.homeless：無(wú)家可歸的）Youmuststopdreamingandfacereality.說(shuō)明4：簡(jiǎn)單介紹在閱讀中可以直接避開(kāi)生詞的情況，提高學(xué)生中考閱讀的效率。五、巧妙避開(kāi)生詞我們這里所說(shuō)的巧妙繞開(kāi)生詞的方法和上面分析文章結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)的思路是統(tǒng)一的，也就是說(shuō)，只要我們從總體上把握了文章，不用認(rèn)識(shí)每一個(gè)單詞也能照樣理解整篇文章。1、英語(yǔ)文章中不是所有的詞的功能都是同等的， 有些詞擔(dān)負(fù)著傳達(dá)主要信息的功能， 而有些詞主要起語(yǔ)法作用或者它所傳達(dá)的信息和下文的其他信息沒(méi)有聯(lián)系。這類(lèi)詞有：表示人名，地名，機(jī)構(gòu)名等專(zhuān)有名詞。遇到這些詞，只要我們能辨認(rèn)出它是專(zhuān)有名詞，就能理解文章而不必知道它的意思。2、如果我們對(duì)文章中的某一個(gè)單詞不熟悉，我們可以根據(jù)文章中的其他信息來(lái)幫助判斷。這類(lèi)信息有：同位語(yǔ)、下定義、解釋、舉例、同義詞、反義詞、上下義詞以及標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)（如破折號(hào)、冒號(hào)都表示解釋和說(shuō)明）等?；蛘咴撛~如果不影響做題的話(huà)我們就直接繞開(kāi)忽略這個(gè)生詞。說(shuō)明5：實(shí)戰(zhàn)操練：從歷年中考題中先精選一篇閱讀理解文章的第一段，嘗試將所學(xué)的猜詞方法運(yùn)用到實(shí)際習(xí)題中，然后完成整篇閱讀文章。（A篇為課堂練習(xí)，B、C為課后練習(xí)）練習(xí)4：Guessthenewwords’meaninginpassage.Lastweek,alltheteachersandstudentsofourschoolwatchedaspecialperformancebysomedisabledpeople.Thefirstprogramwasadancenamed“TheLightofLife.”Tomysurprise,allthedancershadlostoneoftheirlegs.Astheyareperforming,Icouldseehowtheyhadhavetofacesomanydifficulties.However,theyshowedusmanywonderfulprograms.Fromtheseprograms,Icouldseehowlivelytheirmindswere.練習(xí)5：ReadingComprehension.ALastweek,alltheteachersandstudentsofourschoolwatchedaspecialperformancebysomedisabledpeople.Thefirstprogramwasadancenamed“TheLightofLife.”Tomysurprise,allthedancershadlostoneoftheirlegs.Astheyareperforming,Icouldseehowtheyhadhavetofacesomanydifficulties.However,theyshowedusmanywonderfulprograms.Fromtheseprograms,Icouldseehowlivelytheirmindswere.Thetwopersonswhocameoutnextshockedusall.Thefirstonewasasinger.Hewasveryyoung,butunfortunately,hehadlostbothofhishandsinabigfire.ThesonghebroughtuswasAutumn”andhesangitinsuchalowandsweetvoice.Thoughitwaswarmspring,IfeltalittlecoldwhenIheardthesong,asifitwasreallylateautumn.“Howmuchloveandfeelingishiddenheart?Iwishtoholdyourhandsagain.”hearingthis,Icouldn’tkeepbackmytears.Theotheronewasalsoayoungman.Helostbothofhisarmswhenhewassix.Fromthenon,hisfeetbecamehis“hands”.However,hecouldmanageanumberofthingswithhisfeet.Whatmovedusmostwashisfeet-writing.Thetwowords“FlyingHigh”expressedhiswishes.“Ifyourwingsaregone,yourheartcanstillfly,saidZhangHaidi,”adisabledwriter.Intheworld,therearemanydisabledpeople,yetmostofthemdon ’tgivein.Theyhawishesandbeautifuldreams.JustasZhangHaidisaidtheycouldstillfly.Disabilitydoesn ’tmeancomplete（徹底的） failure.Onceyoutryhard,miracleswillhappensoonerorlater.Ibelievewherethereisawill,thereisaway.1.Theteachersandstudents_____lastweek.A.sawafilm B.heldaparty C.watchedaperformance2.Whydidthewriterfeelcoldwhenheheardthesong “LateAutumn ”?______A.Becauseitwascoldatthatmoment.B.Becauseitwaslateautumnandtheweatherwascool.C.Becausethesongwasmoving.3.Theunderlinedword “shocked”probablymeans________.A.surprised B.crashed C.warned4.“FlyingHigh ”expressedthewishesof________.A.apersonwithnoarms B.apersonwithneitherhandsnorfeet.5.Whatdoyouthinkisthebesttitleforthispassage?_____A.AStrangeWriterB.SomeDisabledpeopleC.ASpecialPerformanceBIlefthomeforNewZealandtostartmynewlifeonmy15thbirthday.MyfatherandmothertookmetoHongKong,wherewehadtosaygoodbye.Whenweweresayinggoodbye,IsuddenlyfeltafraidthatIhadneverhadbefore.ThiswasthefirsttimeIhadtraveledsofarbymyself.Andgoingtoafar-awayplaceIhaveneverbeenbeforemademefeelterrible.IheldbackmytearsuntilIcouldnolongerseemyparents.AsIwaswipingawaymytears,Irealizedthat,fromthatmomenton,Iwouldhavetodoeverythingbymyself.AftermyarrivalinWellington,myteacher,Ms.Lang,showedmearoundmynewschool.Afewdayslater,Istartedhavingclasses.Therewereonly20studentsineachclass.Onlymaths,science,socialstudiesandEnglishwerecompulsory,andstudentscouldchooseothersubjectsforthemselves,Ichosemusic,Japaneseandhealth.InNewZealand,studentsareveryactiveinclass.Andteachersarenotasserious.Theyoftenletusplaygamesinclass.Wecansitwithanyonewelike,andtheteachercansitatherowndeskoratastudent’sdesk.Theschoolhadaneasymanner,withfewrules.Becausetherewasnohomework,wecouldjoinclubsordoanythingweliked.Ialwayswenttothelibraryafterschool,whereIfoundalotofbookstohelpwithmystudies.StudyinginNewZealandisverydifferentfromstudyinginChina.InNewZealand,studentsdependonthelibrarytogainknowledgeinsteadofwaitingforwhatteachersaskthemtodo.Timewentfast.ThetwomonthsafterIarrivedflewby.Thenaweekofexamsbegan.Ididnothavetotaketheseexams,becauseIhadonlybeenattheschoolforashorttime.However,mymathsteacherencouragedmetotakethemathsexam,asshethoughtIcoulddowell.Thoughtherewasn ’tmuchpressureonme,IworkedveryhardtogetreadyfortheexambecauseIknowthatnopainmeansnogain.Whenthedayoftheexamcame,IfoundthatIfinishedthepaperfasterthantheotherstudents.Oneweeklater,myteachertoldthewholeclasswhohadgotthetopmark:Itwasme!Igot94percent.Allmyclassmateswereveryhappyandsaidcongratulationstome.Itwasoneofthehappiestdaysofmylife.6.ThewordWellington“”inhetfourthparagraphisthenameof_______.A.thewriter ’snewteacher B.thewriter ’snewschoolWhenshewaswipingawayhertears,thewriterrealizedthat________.shewouldstartanewlifeinNewZealandallbyherself.shecouldnolongerseeherparentsinHongKong.C.shehadtosaygoodbyetoherparents.8.Theword “compulsory”inthesixthparagraphmeans_______inChinese.A.必修的 B.選修的 C.義務(wù)的Thewriteralwayswenttothelibrarybecause________.shemustgetreadyfortheexamsshewantedtogainknowledgewiththehelpofmanybooksshehadnohomeworkandhadnothingtodoThewriterdidn’thavetotaketheexams,________.soshefoundshefinishedthepaperfasterthantheothersbutshethoughtshecoulddowellandtookthemathsexambutshetookthemathsexamanddidbestofallinitCManyexpressionsinAmerica,asinothercountries,comefromthenamesofpeople.“JohnHancock”isthebestknownexample.Hancockwasarichman.HehelpedthepatriotsintheAmericanRevolutionandbecameaheadinthewaragainstBritain.HewasoneofthefirstmentosigntheDeclarationofIndependence.Yetheisrememberedbestforhislargesignature.ThestoryistoldthatwhenHancocksatdowntosigntheDeclarationofIndependence,hesaidthathewouldwritehissignaturelargeenoughforJohnBulltoreadwithouthisg