英語八級全考點精練習(xí)題含答案解析most

英語八級全考點精練習(xí)題含答案解析OneofAmerica'smostimportantexportishermodernmusic._1_Americanpopularmusicisplayingallovertheworld.Itisenjoyed_2_bypeopleofallagesinallcountries.BecausethelyricsareEnglish,_3_neverthelesspeoplenotspeakingEnglishenjoyit.Thereasonsforitspopularityareitsfastpaceandrhythmicbeat.ThemusichasmanyoriginsintheUnitedStates.CountrymusiqcomingfromthesuburbanareasinthesouthernUnitedStates,isone4source.Countrymusicfeaturessimplethemesandmelodiesdescribingday-to-daysituationsandthefeelingsofcountrypeople.Manypeopleappreciatethismusicbecausetheemotionsexpressedbycountry_5_musicsongs.AsecondoriginofAmericanpopularmusicistheblues.Itdepicted_6_mostlysadfeelingsreflectingthedifficultlivesofAmericanblacks.Itisusuallyplayedandsungbyblackmusicians,butitisnotpopularwith_7_allAmericans.Rockmusicisanewerformofmusic.Thismusicstyle,featuringfastandrepetitiousrhythms,wasinfluencedbythebluesandcountrymusic.Itisfirstknownasrock-and-rollinthe1950's.Sincethenthere_8_havebeenmanyformsofrockmusic,hardrock,softrock,punkrockzdiscomusicandothers.Manyperformersofpopularrockmusicareyoungmusicians.Americanpopularmusicismarketedtoademandingaudience.Nowpopularsongsareheardontheradio由此我們可以得出此類定語從句的語義特點，具體見下文“特點三”的論述。特點三：定語從句的基本含義是"如果不是主句所描述的那樣，就會出現(xiàn)定語從句所描述的情形"。上面的例句是對現(xiàn)在虛擬，如果是對過去虛擬，otherwise就相當(dāng)于虛擬條件從句"ifithadnotbeenfor此時that定語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)為"thatwouldotherwisehave+過去分詞"。請看下面的例句。Withtheteacher'shelp,Ifoundmanyerrorsthatwouldotherwisehavebeenoverlooked.在老師的幫助下，我發(fā)現(xiàn)了很多原本可能被忽略的錯誤。本句中定語從句的關(guān)系代詞that指代先行詞manyerrors,充當(dāng)定語從句的主語。整個定語從句相當(dāng)于這樣一個完整的虛擬句："Manyerrorswouldhavebeenoverlookedifithadnotbeenfortheteacher'shelp.”（如果當(dāng)時沒有老師的幫助，很多錯誤就會被忽略了。）That不充當(dāng)定語從句的主語除了主語，that也可以充當(dāng)定語從句的賓語或表語。在這樣的定語從句中，如果otherwise表達(dá)的是對現(xiàn)在虛擬，otherwise就相當(dāng)于虛擬條件從句"ifitwerenotfor,此時that定語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)為"thatsomebodywouldotherwise+動詞原形”。請看下面的例句。This（anesthesia）allowspatientstoundergosurgeryandotherprocedureswithoutthedistressandpainthattheywouldotherwiseexperience.這（麻醉）能夠讓病人在手術(shù)和其他治療過程中免受折磨和痛苦。要不然的話，他們就會受這些罪。本句的關(guān)系代詞that指代先行詞distressandpain,充當(dāng)experience的賓語。整個定語從句相當(dāng)于這樣一個完整的虛擬句："Theywouldexperiencedistressandpainifitwerenotforanesthesia.M（如果沒有麻醉，病人就會遭受折磨和痛苦。）如果是對過去虛擬，otherwise就相當(dāng)于虛擬條件從句"ifithadnotbeenfor,此時that定語從句中的結(jié)構(gòu)為"thatsomebodywouldotherwisehave+過去分詞"。請看下面的例句。Hewasluredintoacrimethathewouldnototherwisehavecommitted.他是被引誘犯罪的，要不然的話，他是不會犯的。本句中關(guān)系代詞that指代先行詞crime,充當(dāng)commit的賓語。整個定語從句相當(dāng)于這樣一個完整的虛擬句："Hewouldnothavecommittedthecrimeifhehadnotbeenluredintoit."（如果他當(dāng)時沒有受引誘，他就不會犯罪了。）由此可見，在that不充當(dāng)主語的定語從句中，0therwise的用法同樣符合上文總結(jié)出的三個特點。Otherwise用于than定語從句掌握了otherwise在that定語從句中的用法，我們就容易理解otherwise在than定語從句中的含義和用法特點了。參照上述三個特點,otherwise用于than定語從句時的用法特點可以歸納如下。特點一：定語從句相當(dāng)于虛擬主句，改寫的時候要注意采用否認(rèn)形式（這一點不同于that定語從句）。特點二:Otherwise相當(dāng)于虛擬條件從句"ifitwerenotfor..."或"ifithadnotbeenfor...”。特點三：定語從句的基本含義是“要不然，就不會出現(xiàn)定語從句所描述的情形"，注意這里采用了否認(rèn)形式（這一點不同于that定語從句）。Than充當(dāng)定語從句的主語如果是對現(xiàn)在虛擬,otherwise就相當(dāng)于虛擬條件句"ifitwerenotfor,此時than定語從句中的結(jié)構(gòu)為"thanwouldotherwise+動詞原形"。請看下面的例句。Bigchainsthrivebecausetheyprovidegoodsandservicesofgreatervariety,betterquality,andlowercostthanwouldotherwisebeavailable.大型連鎖商店之所以能蓬勃開展，是因為它們所提供的產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)種類更多、質(zhì)量更好、本錢更低。如果沒有這樣的大型連鎖商店，就不會有這樣的產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)。本句的關(guān)系代詞than指代先行詞"goodsandservicesofgreatervariety,betterquality,andlowercostn,充當(dāng)定語從句的主語。整個定語從句相當(dāng)于這樣一個完整的虛擬句："Goodsandservicesofgreatervariety,betterquality,andlowercostwouldnotbeavailableifitwerenotforbigchains."(如果沒有這樣的大型連鎖商店，就不會有這樣的產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)。)注意，虛擬主句中添加了否認(rèn)詞not,說成wouldnotbeavailable,才能表達(dá)than定語從句的含義。如果是對過去虛擬，otherwise就相當(dāng)于虛擬條件從句"ifithadnotbeenfor,此時than定語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)為"thanwouldotherwisehave+過去分詞”。本文開頭的句子就是這種情況(Thismightsoundsmall,buttoundotheeffectsofsuchadecreaseacandidatewouldneed30moreGMATpointsthanwouldotherwisehavebeennecessary)。該句中的otherwise用于than定語從句，關(guān)系代詞than指代先行詞30moreGMATpoints,充當(dāng)定語從句的主語。整個定語從句相當(dāng)于這樣一個完整的虛擬句："ThirtymoreGMATpointswouldnothavebeennecessaryifithadnotbeenforsuchadecrease."（如果沒有這個降分,GMAT考試多出的30分本來是不需要的。）句首的this指代原題的前文中提到的平均0.075的降分。整個句子意思如下：這個（平均0.075的）降分看起來也許不多，但要消除它的影響，一名申請者的GMAT考試就要多考出本來不需要的30分。Than不充當(dāng)定語從句的主語在than充當(dāng)賓語或表語的定語從句中，如果是對現(xiàn)在虛擬，otherwise就相當(dāng)于虛擬條件句"ifitwerenotfor,此時than定語從句中的結(jié)構(gòu)為"thansomebodywouldotherwise+動詞原形”。有統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)說明，學(xué)歷越高掙錢相對會越多，用英文可以這樣表達(dá)："Well-educatedpeoplemakemoremoneythanthoselesswell-educated."另一方面，我們也可以與自身進(jìn)行比擬，比方可以說:受過良好教育的人所掙的錢比他們不受良好教育的情況下掙得多。這時就需要用到上面講到的0therwise虛擬句型了。Well-educatedpeoplemakemoremoneythantheywouldotherwisedo.受過良好教育的人能掙到更多的錢，如果沒有良好的教育，他們就掙不到這么多錢。本句中定語從句的關(guān)系代詞than指代先行詞money,充當(dāng)定語從句的賓語。整個定語從句相當(dāng)于這樣一個完整的虛擬句："Theywouldnotmakesomuchmoneyifitwerenotfortheirgoodeducation."（如果沒有良好的教育，他們不會掙到這么多錢。）如果是對過去虛擬，otherwise就相當(dāng)于虛擬條件從句"ifithadnotbeenfor,此時than定語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)為"thansomebodywouldotherwisehave+過去分詞"。請看下面的例句。Withtheteacher'shelp,thestudentgotbettergradesthanhewouldotherwisehavedone.因為老師的幫助，這個學(xué)生考出了他本來考不到的好成績。本句中定語從句的關(guān)系代詞than指代先行詞grades,充當(dāng)定語從句的賓語。整個定語從句相當(dāng)于這樣一個完整的虛擬句："Hewouldnothavegottensuchgoodgradesifithadnotbeenfortheteacher'shelp."（如果沒有老師的幫助，他就考不出這么好的成績。）severaltimesaday.Somesongsbecomepopularallovertheworld.Peoplehearthesesongssing_9_intheiroriginalEnglishorsometimestranslatedintootherlanguages.Thewordsmaycoincidebuttheenjoymentofthemusicisuniversal._10_答案：1改export為exportSoexport作可數(shù)名詞時指出口商品，同時根據(jù)oneof結(jié)構(gòu)也可以知道這里export要用復(fù)數(shù)結(jié)構(gòu).2改playing為played。動詞play和句子主語Americanpopularmusic是邏輯動賓關(guān)系，必須用被動語態(tài).3改Because為Though或者Althougho此句為讓步狀語從句.4改suburban為ruralo這里屬于詞義用錯,suburban為城市郊區(qū)，鄉(xiāng)村音樂顯然來自鄉(xiāng)村地區(qū).5改because為becauseof6改depicted為depicts。本句錯在時態(tài).句意為"blues大多抒發(fā)哀傷情感，反映美國黑人的艱難生活."為與全文主導(dǎo)時態(tài)一致，不能用過去時.此外,blues現(xiàn)在的風(fēng)格依舊,故用現(xiàn)在時.7將not去掉.8改is為waso此句有過去時間狀語inthe1950's,陳述過去的一個事實,故用一般過去時態(tài).9改sing為sung。sung引導(dǎo)過去分詞短語作賓語補(bǔ)足語,表被動意思.10改coincide為differ（在may后加not也可以）。此句含有連詞but,整個句意含有轉(zhuǎn)折語氣.MorepeopledieoftuberculosisthanofanyotherdiseasecausedbyasingleagentThishasprobablybeenthecaseinquiteawhile.Duringthe_1_earlystagesoftheindustrialrevolution,perhapsoneineveryseventh_2_deathsinEurope7scrowdedcitieswerecausedbythedisease.From_3_nowon,though,westerneyes,missingtheglobalpicture,sawthetrouble_4_goingintodecline.Withoccasionalbreaksforwar,theratesofdeathandinfectionintheEuropeandAmericadroppedsteadilythroughthe19thand_5_20thcenturies.Inthe1950s,theintroductionofantibioticsstrengthenedthetrendinrichcountries,andtheantibioticswereallowedtobeimportedto_6_poorcountries.Medicalresearchersdeclaredvictoryandwithdrew.Theyarewrong.Inthemidl980sthefrequencyofinfectionsanddeaths_7_startedtopickupagainaroundtheworld.Wheretuberculosisvanished,itcame_8_back;inmanyplaceswhereithadneverbeenaway,itgrewbetter.TheWorld_9_HealthOrganizationestimatesthat1.7billionpeople(athirdoftheearth'spopulation)sufferfromtuberculosis.Evenwhentheinfectionratewasfalling,populationgrowthkeptthenumberofclinicalcasesmoreorlessconstantlyat8_10_millionayear.Around3millionofthosepeopledied,nearlyalloftheminpoorcountries.絞塞?tuberculosisn.肺結(jié)核antibioticsn.抗生素，抗生學(xué)1將in改為for。forquiteawhile作"相當(dāng)長時間"講.2將seventh改為seven3將were改為was。這個謂語動詞的主語是單數(shù)短語oneineverysevendeaths,因此要使用單數(shù).4將now改為then5將Europe前的the去掉6將imported改為exported。根據(jù)上下文,應(yīng)該是向窮國出口抗生素,而不是從這些國家進(jìn)口抗生素.7將are改為were8在vanished前加had。這里要表達(dá)的是〃結(jié)核病原來消失的地方,又爆發(fā)了結(jié)核病"，所以要使用過去完成時.9將better改為worseo在結(jié)合病沒有消失的地方,這種病更加嚴(yán)重了,因此要用worse.10將constantly改為constant。在''keepsb/sthadj"結(jié)構(gòu)中的形容詞作補(bǔ)語.ThegrammaticalwordswhichplaysolargeapartinEnglishgrammarareforthemostpartsharplyandobviouslydifferentfromthelexicalwords.Aroughandreadydifferencewhichmayseemthemostobviousisthatgrammatical_1_wordshave“l(fā)essmeaning”,butinfactsomegrammarianshavecalledthem_2_"empty"wordsasopposedinthe〃full〃wordsofvocabulary.Butthisisarather_3_misledwayofexpressingthedistinction.Althoughawordliketheisnotthename_4_ofsomethingasmanis,itisveryfarawayfrombeingmeaningless;thereisa_5_sharpdifferenceinmeaningbetween/zmanisvile"and/zthemanisvilen,yettheisthesinglevehicleofthisdifferenceinmeaning.Moreover,grammaticalwords_6_differconsiderablyamongthemselvesastheamountofmeaningtheyhaveevenin_7_thelexicalsense.Anothernameforthegrammaticalwordshasbeen'littlewords."ButsizeisbynomeanagoodcriterionfordistinguishingthegrammaticalwordsofEnglish,_8_whenweconsiderthatwehavelexicalwordsasgo,man,say,car._9_Apartfromthis,however,thereisagooddealoftruthinwhatsomepeoplesay:wecertainlydocreateagreatnumberofobscuritywhenweomitthem.Thisis_10_illustratednotonlyinthepoetryofRobertBrowningbutintheproseoftelegramsandnewspaperheadlines.1刪掉the此處的most并不表示obvious的最高級而是用作副詞修飾obvious,表示程度很高，因此前面不能加the02將but改為and根據(jù)文章的意思，這里要用并列關(guān)系的and。3將in改為toasapposedto是固定搭配,意思是〃與……相比"。4將misled改為misleading5刪掉away此處考查固定用法。farfrombeing…意思為"遠(yuǎn)非""遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不怎么樣"，符合這里的意思。而farawayfrom表示離某處很遠(yuǎn)。6將single改為。nly或者sole這里要表達(dá)〃唯一的〃。7在as后面加to或者將as改為in聯(lián)系上下文，此處的意思是"grammaticalwords本身在某某方面也有相當(dāng)?shù)牟町?"asto有"關(guān)于〃或者”在某某方面的意思〃；將as改為in,用differfromsomethingin...也可表達(dá)這個意思。8將mean改為means9將as改為like或者在as前面加such10將number改為deal或者amountobscurity是不可數(shù)名詞,不能用anumberof來修飾。1刪掉the此處的most并不表示obvious的最高級，而是用作副詞修飾obvious,表示程度很高，因此前面不能加theoThismightsoundsmall,buttoundotheeffectsofsuchadecreaseacandidatewouldneed30moreGMATpointsthanwouldotherwisehavebeennecessary.本句的難點是thanwouldotherwisehavebeennecessary這——局部，其中的。therwise用在定語從句結(jié)構(gòu)中，并與虛擬語氣搭配使用。之所以要用虛擬語氣，是因為0therwise的基本含義是〃在相反的情況下〃或"要不然的話"，表達(dá)的是與前面提到的真實情況相反的一個假設(shè)情形。Otherwise的這一用法既可以出現(xiàn)在that/which/who引導(dǎo)的普通定語從句（下文統(tǒng)稱為“that定語從句"）中，也可以出現(xiàn)在than引導(dǎo)的特殊定語從句（