虛擬語氣1課件

虛擬語氣語氣:是說話人的口氣。陳述語氣:一般用來敘述事實或提出疑問，廣泛用于陳述句、疑問句、感嘆句等。祈使語氣:主要用于祈使句，是說話人向?qū)Ψ较逻_命令、指示、提出要求、勸告等所用的動詞形式。虛擬語氣:是說話人為表示一種假設的情況，一種主觀的愿望，即認為動詞所表示的動作或狀態(tài)并非事實或主觀設想時所用的動詞形式。英語語氣有三種：陳述語氣、祈使語氣、虛擬語氣。（一）if引導的虛擬條件句條件從句虛擬條件從句的謂語形式主句的謂語形式與現(xiàn)在事實相反過去式（be動詞一律用were）would/should/could/might+動詞原形與過去事實相反Haddonewould/should/could/might+havedone與將來事實相反1.過去式2.shoulddo3.weretodowould/should/could/might+動詞原形1.表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反(1)如果他是你，他就不會做。Ifhe_______you,he__________doit.(2)如果我有時間，我也會來。IfI_______time,I_______come,too.werewouldnothadwould2.表示與過去事實相反(1)如果你早問我，我就向你解釋了。Ifyou__________me,I___________________ittoyou.(2)如果他沒來，我可能就有麻煩了。Ifhe____________,I________________introuble.hadaskedwouldhaveexplainedhadn’tcomemighthavebeen練習：1.IfMarywereathome,she__________________(answer).2.IfIhadnotseenitwithmyowneyes,I___________________________(notbelieve).3.Iftherewerenothingimportant,I_____________(go)tothecinemawithyounextSunday.4.IfI__________(have)enoughmoneywithmenow,Icouldbuythedictionary.5.Ifthemanager__________(be)intheoffice,Iwouldhaveseenhim.6.IfI_______(go)theretomorrow,Iwouldseehim.7.Ifshehadworkedharder,she________________________(succeed).8.IfI______(be)you,Iwouldnotgo.wouldnothavebelievedwouldanswerwouldgohadhadbeenwentwouldhavesucceededwere注意：(1)虛擬條件句中，如果有were,should或助動詞had,可以省略if，而把were,should,或had移到主語之前形成倒裝，仍然是相同含義的虛擬條件句。1.IfIhadworkedhard,Iwouldhavesurelysucceeded._________________,Iwouldhavesurelysucceeded.2.Ifitshouldhappen,whatwouldyoudo?________________,whatwouldyoudo?3.IfIwereyou,Iwouldgo.___________,Iwouldgo.HadIworkedhardShouldithappenwereIyou(2)有時主句與從句所指的時間不一致，這時主句從句的時態(tài)要根據(jù)實際的時間來確定。1.如果她當時聽醫(yī)生的話，她現(xiàn)在會好的。Ifshe______________(follow)thedoctor’sadvice,she__________(be)quiteallrightnow.

wouldbehadfollowed2.如果你昨天問他，你就知道現(xiàn)在該怎么做了。Ifyou___________(ask)himyesterday,you_____________whattodonow.hadaskedwouldknow(3)含蓄虛擬語氣結構：有時假設的條件不通過條件從句表達出來，把虛擬條件隱含在某些介詞短語（如：without,butfor（要不是因為）,otherwise等）或上下文里，這時主句仍要用相應的虛擬結構。1.Butforyouradvice（=Ifyouhadn’tgivenmeadvice），Iwouldhavefailed.如果不是你的建議，我當時會失敗的。2.Withoutyourhelp(=Ifyouhadn’thelpedus),wecouldn’thavefinishedtheworkontime.沒有你的幫助，我們無法按時完成這個工作。與現(xiàn)在事實相反：我希望全年是春天。Iwishit________(be)springalltheyearround.與將來事實相反：我希望你和我們一起去。Iwishyou___________(go)withus.與過去事實相反：我多么希望我過去多學一些呀。IwishI______________(learn)more.werecouldgohadlearned三、在advice,demand,idea,order,plan,requestsuggestion,proposal等表示要求、建議、命令等意義的名詞后接表語從句或同位語從句時，謂語動詞用shoulddo，should可以省略。1.他的意見是我們應該討論這個報告。Hisideaisthatwe_______________(discuss)thereport.shoulddiscuss2.有命令傳來馬上派這些醫(yī)生去那兒。Thereisanorderthatthedoctors___________________(send)thereatonce.（should）besent四、Itis/was＋adj.（important,necessary,strange,imperative,advisable,better,surprising）等接從句，謂語動詞用shoulddo，should可以省略。1.有必要馬上送他去醫(yī)院。Itisnecessarythathe_______________(send)tohospitalatonce.shouldbesent2.很奇怪，沒人幫助他竟然通過了考試。Itisstrangethathe__________________(pass)theexamwithoutanyhelp.shouldhavepassed3.與別人用英語交談是很重要的。Itisimportantthatyou________________(talkwith)othersinEnglish.shouldtalkwith五、Itis/wasapity(ashame,aregret,nowonder,anhonour)等接從句詞用shoulddo，should可以省略。1.真遺憾，你開會遲到了。It’sapitythatyou______________(belate)forthemeeting.2.與你在這里談話真是榮幸。

It’sanhonorthatI____________(talkwith)youhere.shouldbelatetalkwith六、Itis/was+過去分詞（suggested，ordered，decided,required,advised,demanded,requested）等接從句，謂語動詞用shoulddo，should可以省略。1.命令馬上用飛機把藥物送往那里。Itwasorderedthatthemedicines__________(send)therebyplane.besent2.決定運動會推遲到下周。Itwasdecidedthatthesportsmeet____________________(putoff)untilthenextweek.

(should)beputoff七、在wouldrather或wouldsooner等表示“寧愿---”的賓語從句中，與現(xiàn)在或?qū)硎聦嵪喾粗^語動詞用過去式，與過去事實相反用haddone表示虛擬。1.我寧愿你現(xiàn)在知道那件事。Iwouldratheryou__________(know)thatnow.knew2.我愿意他們喝咖啡。Iwouldratherthey________(drink)thecoffee.drank3.你愿意讓我告訴他嗎？WouldyousoonerI________(tell)him?told八、Itis(high)timethat----“到---的時候了”從句謂語動詞用過去式表示虛擬。1.是該我們上課的時候了。Itistimethatwe______(have)aclass.had2.是該我接我小女兒的時間了。ItistimethatI___________(pickup)mylittledaughter.pickedup十、用在incase,lest,forfearthat引起的從句中表示“以防，以免”，從句謂語動詞常用shoulddo他總是隨身帶雨衣，以防下雨。Hetookhisraincoatwithhimincaseit_____________(rain).shouldrain十一、shouldhavedone過去應該做而未做到shouldn’thavedone過去不該做的事而做了needn’thavedone做了不必要做的事情1.你犯了幾個錯誤。你本該小心些的。You’vema