非謂語動詞表格形式

非謂語動詞表格形式非謂語動詞表格形式非謂語動詞表格形式xxx公司非謂語動詞表格形式文件編號：文件日期：修訂次數(shù)：第1.0次更改批準審核制定方案設計，管理制度非謂語動詞動詞不定式動詞不定式的構成：to+動詞原形（這里的to是不定式符號，本身無詞義）否定：not+(to+)動詞原形動詞不定式的句法功能功能例句說明主語TospeakEnglishisnoteasyforus.=ItisnoteasyforustospeakEnglish.作主語用的不定式，常常用it作形式主語，而把不定式放在后面，其結構為:It+be+adj.+(for/ofsb.)+動詞不定式表語Myworkistocleantheroomeveryday.=Tocleantheroomeverydayismywork.多數(shù)情況下，不定式作表語，可轉(zhuǎn)換為作主語賓語—Whatsportsdoesheliketoplay?

—Helikestoplaybasketball.只能作某些動詞的賓語，一般不做介詞的賓語賓補Mymothermademeplaythepianoallthetime.在make,let,see,hear,watch等使役動詞后，不定式省略to定語Haveyougotanythingtosay?

不定式做定語，要放在所修飾詞的后面狀語I’msorrytotroubleyou.不定式作狀語，其邏輯主語要和句子的主語一致do作主語常用it作形式主語例：TolearnEnglishwellisuseful.→Itisuseful（forus）tolearnEnglishwell.注意：在kind,good,nice,clever等表示人的品質(zhì)的形容詞后，不用for而用of.2.一些表示命令，打算或希望的動詞后只接動詞不定式作賓語：wouldlike,like（想要）,want,wish,hope,decide,plan,except等。例：Wouldyouliketooseeafilmthisevening?3.在find,think后跟動詞不定式作賓語時，常用it代替，而將真正的賓語放在句末。例：IfinditeasytoreadEnglisheveryday.4.常見的一些不帶to的動詞不定式作賓語Whynotdo……,whydon’tyoudo…,hadbetter(not)do…,wouldraterdo…,could/would/willyouplease(not)do…例：Iwouldratherstayintheroom.5.一些使役動詞和感官動詞用不定式作賓語，但to要省略。一感（fell）、二聽（hear,listento）、三讓（let/make/let）、四看（lookat,see,watch,notice）、五幫助（help）,但變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)是必須加上to.例：Myfriendsweremadetoworkthewholenightbytheboss.6.不定式常和疑問詞what,which,when,where,how連用，相當于一個賓語從句。動名詞動名詞的構成：動詞原形+-ing動名詞的句法功能功能例句說明主語Eatingtoomuchisbadforyourhealth.謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式賓語動詞賓語Ilikeplayingbasketballverymuch.表示一般的習慣或抽象行為或經(jīng)常性動作介詞賓語Stampsareusedforsendingletters.表語Hishobbyiscollectingstamps=Collectingstampsishishobby.多數(shù)情況下，動名詞作表語可裝換成做主語定語Sheisinthereadingroom.只表明它所修飾的詞的用途、所屬關系等。至置于所修飾詞之前常跟動名詞作賓語的詞：完成實踐值得忙（finish,practice,beworth,bebusy）繼續(xù)習慣別放棄（keepon,beusedto,giveup）考慮建議不禁想（consider,suggest,can’thelp,feellike）喜歡思念要介意（enjoy,miss,mind）分詞構成：動詞+-ing動詞+-ed分詞的句法功能功能例句說明定語Doyouknowthegirlstandingunderthetree?

Pleasehandinyourwrittenexercise.現(xiàn)在分詞作定語，其邏輯主語就是它所修飾的詞；過去分詞作定語，其邏輯賓語就是它所修飾的詞。狀語Thestudentswentoutoftheclassroom,talkingandlaughing.Seenfromthehill,outschoollooksmorebeautiful.分詞的邏輯主語是句子的主語表語Thesituationisencouraging.Theboyistoofrightenedtomove.現(xiàn)在分詞表示主語的性質(zhì)、特征；過去分詞表示某種狀態(tài)（也就是我們常說的人用-ed，物用-ing.）補足語Don’tkeepuswaitingforalongtime.Iheardhimsingingintheclassroom.He’llhavehishaircutafterschool.現(xiàn)在分詞作補足語，被補足的賓語或主語是它的邏輯主語（即主動關系）；過去分詞作補足語，被補足的賓語或主語是它的邏輯賓語（即被動關系）易混清單動詞后接不定式和動名詞的區(qū)別stoptodosth.停下來去做stopdoingsth.停止做remembertodosth.記住要做某事（動作未發(fā)生）rememberdoingsth.記得曾經(jīng)做過某事（動作已發(fā)生）forgettodosth.忘記做某事（動作未發(fā)生）Forgetdoingsth.忘記做過某事（動作已發(fā)生）trytodosth.努力去做某事Trydoingsth.試著去做某事goontodosth.做完一件事，接著去做另一件事goondoingsth.繼續(xù)不停地做某事allowdoingsth.允許做某事allowsb.todosth.允許某人做某事regrettodosth.對要做的事感到遺憾（未做）Regretdoingsth.對做過的事感到遺憾，后悔（已做）meantodosth.打算，想做某事meandoingsth.意味著做某事二．現(xiàn)在分詞和動詞不定式作賓語補足語的區(qū)別我們常見的動詞有see,watch,notice,hear,feel,have等，它們接不帶to的動詞不定式作賓補，表示已經(jīng)完成了的經(jīng)常性的動作；接現(xiàn)在分詞做賓補，表示動作正在進行著。例：Iheardhimsingingintheclassroom.(“唱”這個動作正在進行)Iheardhimsingintheclassroom.(“唱”這個動作已經(jīng)結束)三．Need,require,want做“需要”解時，后加動名詞主動式等于加不定式的被動式。例：Thewindowneedscleaning.→Thewindowneedstobecleaned.wanttobedone=wantdoingneedtobedone=needdoingrequiretobedone=requiredoing現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的區(qū)別在語態(tài)上，現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動，過去分詞表示被動（修飾人用-ed，修飾物用-ing）。例：thesurprisingnews令人驚訝的消息asurprisedman一個感到驚訝的人2.在時間上，現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在進行的動作，過去分詞表示已近完成的動作。例：thedevelopingcountry發(fā)展中國家thedevelopedcountry發(fā)達國家注意下列“to”是介詞，不是動詞不定式。make(a)contribution(s)to為……作貢獻devoteto獻身，致力于……lookforwardto期盼，盼望prefer……to……兩者間更喜歡……beusedto…習慣…….;適應……Grannyoftentellsus______waterinourdailylife.A.saveB.savingC.tosaveD.savesRichardturnedoffthecomputerafterhehadfinished______theemail.A.writeB.towriteC.writingD.wroteBeforegoingtotheHistoryA.obeyB.toobeyC.obeyingD.obeyedJames,I’mtootired.Let’sstop______arest.A.havingB.haveC.tohavingD.tohave—WecanuseQQtochatwithotherontheInternet.—Really

Willyoupleaseshowme______it?

A.howtouseB.whattouseC.howcanIuseD.whatcanIuse—Where’syourbrothernow,Bob?

—Isawhim______inthestreetamomentagoandItoldhim______.A.playing;don’tdosoB.playing;notdosoC.play;todoso—Hi,Steve!Ourteacherstoldus______anelectricbike.It’stoodangerous.I’msorry.Iwon’tdoitagain.A.torideB.notrideC.nottorideAsteenagers,we’reoldenough______withhousework.Wecanhelpsetthetable,washthedishesandcleanourownrooms.A.tohelpB.helpingC.helped—Marydancesbestinourschool.Iagree.I’llneverforget______herdanceforthefirsttime.A.seeingB.toseeC.seeD.seenChineseathletesdidagreatjobintheWinterOlympicsinCanada.Itcanencouragepost-90s(90后)________.A.workhardB.workedharderC.workingharderD.toworkhardDon’tforget____anumbrella_____you.It’sgoingtorain.A.totake;toB.taking;toC.totake;withD.taking;withNancyisreallyahard–workingstudent.Weoftenseeher______booksintheclassroom.A.readB.toreadC.reads—Areyougoingtotheparty______atSmith’shomethisevening?

IwillifIamfree.A.holdingB.heldC.toholdD.tobeheldMrs.Smithmadeherstudents______thecompositionsthreetimesaweek.A.writeB.towriteC.writtenD.writingDannydidallkindsofthingstomakethebaby______.A.tostopcryingB.stopcryingC.tostoptocryD.stoptocryWehavetworooms_____,butIcan’tdecide______.A.tolive;tochoosewhichoneB.lived;choosewhichoneC.tolivedin;whichonetochoseD.live;whichoneTheteachertoldthestudents______anyfoodintothecomputerroom.A.nottobringB.notbringC.don’tbringD.bringnotAtleast300millionpeopleareusingQQ______byMaHuatengtochatonline.A.creatB.createsC.creatingD.createdTheteacheraskedBen______adifficultquestioninclass.A.answerB.answeringC.toanswerD.answeredYou’dbetter______toomuchtimeplayingcomputergames.A.don’tspendB.nottospendC.tonotspendD.notspendMoreandmoreyoungpeoplearetryingtodosomething______theold.A.servedB.toserveC.serveD.serves22.—IsJackinthelibrary?

—Maybe.Isawhim_____outwithsomebooksjustnow.A.goingB.goC.togoD.went23—Dad,whyshouldIstop______computergames?

Foryourhealth,myboy,I’mafraidyou_______.A.toplay;mustB.playing;havetoC.toplay;canD.playing;may24.—HaveyouseentheTVplayMyUglyMother—Yes,it’swellworth______.It’s______movingthatI’veseenittwice.A.seeing;tooB.tosee;enoughC.seeing;soD.tosee;such25.Whynot______yourteacherforhelpwhenyoucan’tfinish______itbyyourself?

A.ask;writeB.toask;writingC.ask;writingD.asking;writing26.Ifpeople_____cuttingdowntheforest,theywillhavenowhere________.A.keep;toliveinB.willkeep;toliveinC.keep;toliveD.willkeep;tolive27.Hisparentsoftenencouragehim______hard.A.workB.workingC.toworkD.works28.LastweekImetmyoldfriendLiMingbutIforgot_______himforhistelephonenumber.A.askB.askingC.andaskD.toask29.LastweekendIwenttothelibrary_______somebooksonhowtoprotectenvironment.A.toborrowB.borrowC.borrowedD.borrowing30.—Howdoyoufeelwhenyouwatchthenationalflaggoup?

—Itmakesme______veryproud.A.feltB.tofeelC.feelingD.feel31.Theboypromised_______lateforschoolagain.A.tonotbeB.nottobeC.notbeingD.beingnot32.It’sverynice______picturesforme.A.ofyoudodrawB.foryoutodrawC.foryoudrawingD.ofyoudrawing33.Chinawillspendabout52billionyuan______newairportsand______oldonesinthewestofChinainthe11thFive–YearPlanperiod.(時期)A.repairing;buildingB.tobuild;repairC.building;repairingD.torepair;build34.Therearesomanykindsofpenshere.Ican