滾針軸承知識(shí)101(中)

DrawnCup101BearingChoicesandDrawnCupAdvantages軸承選用和沖壓圈軸承優(yōu)點(diǎn)Applications應(yīng)用Stress應(yīng)力ImportantDrawnCupCharacteristics沖壓圈的重要特性BoreProfile孔輪廓AFOD–ShapeandSize自由平均外徑–外形和尺寸RollerRelief滾針卸荷BoreSize–DiametralClearanceandtheApplication孔尺寸–徑向游隙和應(yīng)用AGENDA議程BASICFUNCTIONOFBEARINGS

軸承的基本功能

Thebasicfunctionofbearingsistosupporta

load,whileallowing

motion

tooccurwith

reducedfriction.軸承的的基本功能是承受載荷,并在運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)降低磨擦力。BearingChoices軸承的選用Whatbearingchoicesdocustomershave?客戶如何選用軸承?BallBearing球軸承Bore-1.00”O(jiān)D-2.00”Width-.375”Capacity-2500lbfS10KBore-1.00”O(jiān)D-1.50”Width-.750”Capacity-3870lbfHJ-162412MachineRaceBearing實(shí)體圈滾動(dòng)軸承Bore-1.00”O(jiān)D-1.25”Width-.750”Capacity-2710lbfJ-1612DrawnCupBearing沖壓圈軸承Bore-1.00”O(jiān)D-1.25”Width-.750”Capacity-7790lbfLooseRollerComplement滾針組件DrawnCupFeatures沖壓圈軸承持性Advantages優(yōu)點(diǎn)Thincrosssection薄壁

Maximumload-carryingcapability最大的承載能力Minimumspacerequired最小的空間需要Installationincorporatingapressfit過(guò)盈壓配安裝Fullcomplementdesignformaximumcapacity滿滾針設(shè)計(jì)提供了最大承載能力Cageddesignforhigherspeedsandluberetention帶保持持設(shè)計(jì)提供了高速和潤(rùn)滑持久Morecosteffectivethananygroundproducts比磨加工產(chǎn)品成本低SizeRange尺寸范圍Inch英制:孔1/8in.-5-1/2in.boreMetric公制:孔3mm-60mmboreApplications應(yīng)用-HydraulicGearpumps液壓齒輪泵(B-88,B-86)-AutomaticBrakingSystems自動(dòng)制動(dòng)（剎車）系統(tǒng)(DBA-66406)-Automotiveairconditioningcompressors汽車空調(diào)壓縮機(jī)(DB-66391)-PowerTools動(dòng)力工具(B-bearings)-Automatictransmissions汽車變速箱(FJ-4516)-Starters&Alternators起動(dòng)器及交流發(fā)電機(jī)(JTT-XXX,HK-0608E)-Steeringcolumnuniversaljoints轉(zhuǎn)向柱萬(wàn)向節(jié)(DD-64056,DB-59500-2)-PushrodengineRockerarmsPushrod發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)搖臂(CDCA-65291)-18Wheelermileagecounter18Wheeler里程計(jì)數(shù)器(JP-23F)-WheelBearings輪用軸承(DB-67309)Transmissions變速箱AutomaticPumpShaftSupport汽車泵軸支承ManualFWD手動(dòng)前輪驅(qū)動(dòng)ABSBearingsABS軸承Axialdisplacementofbearingiscreatedbyeccentricallygroundshaftofelectricmotor電機(jī)馬達(dá)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)軸的偏心部分造成軸承的徑向位移PumppistonsareincontactwithODofcup汽缸活塞與軸承外徑相連接RockerArms搖臂WhatKeyFeaturesMakeaBearingAbletoSustainLoading?使軸承承受載荷的關(guān)鍵特性?Abilitytosupportloadisbasedon承受載荷的能力基于:ContactSurfacearea/Stress接觸表面積/應(yīng)力BoreProfile孔輪廓RollerProfile滾子輪廓Roller/BoreRoundness孔/滾子圓度HardnessofLoadBearingComponents軸承零件承載的硬度Shaft軸Rollers滾子Cup沖壓圈Housing座HousingPressFit&Sizing/RoundingofBearing殼體壓配合及軸承的尺寸/圓度Stress&SurfaceArea

表面及表面應(yīng)力Stress應(yīng)力=Force

壓力Area面積=BearingLoad軸承載荷BearingSurfaceArea軸承承載面積TheLowertheBearingSurfaceareatheHigherThestress.軸承承載表面積越小表面應(yīng)力越高。TheHighertheStress,theLowertheLife應(yīng)力越高，壽命越低。BoreProRollerProKeyProductCharacteristicsWhichHaveaDirectEffectonBearingSurfaceAreaandtheResultingStress孔和滾子的輪廓是直接影響表面積和應(yīng)力的關(guān)鍵產(chǎn)品特性。BoreProfile孔的輪廓FlatCupBore平直的沖壓圈內(nèi)孔L10Life=357.5hr側(cè)視主視整個(gè)滾子母線與圈及軸接觸直圈直軸直滾子最大的接觸面積ACommonOccurrenceatpressistoHaveRaisedMaterialattheFstep通常應(yīng)力發(fā)生在F臺(tái)階處凸起部分ResultisShorterLifeDuetoSpalling

atFStep結(jié)果是由于F臺(tái)階處的剝裂而縮短壽命F-STEPBUMPF_臺(tái)階應(yīng)力集中BumphasaMagnitudeof.0002”=.005mmL10Life=Reducedby 22%ContactStressIncrease of60%CONCAVEBORE凹面孔MagnitudeofConcavitypeaktovalleyis.0004”=.010mmL10Life=Reducedby 64%ContactStressIncrease of96%*Thisconditioncanalsobecausedbyhigh-ended“dogbone”rollers.兩端突起的“狗骨頭”滾針也會(huì)形成這種情況TargetBoreProfile理想孔的輪廓Bearingracewaysshouldbeflattoconvex(crowned)Aftercurling在彎邊后軸承滾道應(yīng)當(dāng)平直或凸起 -Concavityshouldbeavoided避免凹面CupRacewaysConditionsofMaximumDiametralClearance

最大徑向游隙的條件maxDC=maxinstalledbearingbore-minshaftmaxinstalledbearingbore=maxboreinaring+(maxhousingbore-ring)maxDC=maxboreinaring+(maxhousingbore-ring)-minshaftExample:B-910FromtheCatalog:Shaft=.5625”/.5620” Housing=.7505”/.7495” RingGage=.7505” BoreinaRing=.5649”/.5640”maxDC=.5649”+(.7505”-.7505”)-.5620”=.0029”*maxDCoccurswhenthebearingisinthemaxhousing 軸承座孔最大時(shí)出現(xiàn)最大徑向游隙ConditionsofMinimumDiametralClearance最小徑向游隙的條件minDC=mininstalledbearingbore-maxshaftmininstalledbearingbore=minboreinaring+(minhousingbore-ring)minDC=minboreinaring+(minhousingbore-ring)-maxshaftExample:B-910FromtheCatalog:Shaft=.5625”/.5620” Housing=.7505”/.7495” RingGage=.7505” BoreinaRing=.5649”/.5640”minDC=.5640”+(.7495”-.7505”)-.5625”=.0005”*minDCoccurswhenthebearingisintheminhousing

軸承座孔最小時(shí)出現(xiàn)最小徑向游隙LoadCentered

Over

Bearing向心負(fù)載“0”SLOPE“0”傾斜ApplicationLoading&Slope應(yīng)用負(fù)載和傾斜GearBearingShaftShaftLoadOffCenterAwayfromBearing偏心負(fù)載SlopeCondition傾斜條件-Housing&ShaftarenotAligned座和心軸不對(duì)正-NeedforReliefonRollerstoavoidhighstress&earlyfailure帶卸荷滾針避免早期失效BearingHardness

軸承硬度 -Cups

are

case

hardened沖壓圈表層硬化 -TypicalCup“A”wall典型沖壓圈“A”型壁61HRcMinSurfaceHardness表面硬度最小61HRc20-40HRcCoreHardness心部硬度20-40HRcDepthto50HRcpointdefinesCaseDepth到HRc50點(diǎn)的深度定義為硬化層（滲碳層）深度(Approximately.004”min)（約0.1mm）HardnessProfile-CupCross-Section

硬度輪廓-沖壓圈截面Depthto50HRCdefinesCaseDepth到HRc50點(diǎn)的深度定義為硬化層（滲碳層）深度~.030”“A”wall61HRC50HRC20HRCHARDNESSHardness&StrengthCurve

硬度及應(yīng)力曲線

-Usedtoevaluatehardnessprofiles&Customerapplications常用于評(píng)估硬度輪廓及客戶應(yīng)用LIFEVSHARDNESS壽命對(duì)硬度%LifeRetainedHardnessHRCLIFEADJUSTMENTFACTORS壽命校對(duì)因素HousingPressFit&BearingSizing壓配合及軸承尺寸StandardCatalogBearingsaredesignedwithdifferentrangesofinterferenceorpressfit.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)軸承有不同的過(guò)盈或壓配合Small(<.500”O(jiān).D.) =.0005”-.002”Medium =.0008”-.0028”Large =.0012”-0044”**TheseinterferencesarethedifferencebetweenthebearingAverageFreeO.D.Hardandthecataloghousingdiameter.過(guò)盈干涉是軸承（硬圈的）平均自由外徑和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)座直徑之差Bearingsareoutofroundanddependonthehousing&pressfittoRoundthebearingup,Holdthebearinginthehousing,&Sizethebearingdown.軸承不圓，靠座孔及壓配合整圓和夾持軸承，軸承尺寸減小。AFOD

TAPER

平均自由外徑錐度LackofInterferencecancomefrom:過(guò)盈不足可能是由于-O.D.taper外徑錐度-O.D.HardUndersize（硬圈）外徑偏小-Bulge@Curl彎邊突起ThisCanleadto:可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致：-Bearingswalkinginhousing軸承在座里滑動(dòng)-Bearingnotroundingup軸承不圓-EarlyfailureatCustomer

早期失效Customer’sHousing&Shaft

客戶的座和心軸TheCustomer’sHousing&ShaftplayamajorRoleinthefunctionofourBearings.客戶的座和心軸在軸承功能上扮演著重要角色BearingTakestheShapeoftheHousing軸承復(fù)制座孔的外形Housingmustcarrytheloadwithoutdeformingorcracking座必須不因承受載荷而發(fā)生變形或破裂Theshafthasthehigheststress&shouldhaveanequalorgreaterhardnessandstructure心軸承受高的壓力，應(yīng)當(dāng)有相當(dāng)?shù)幕蚋叩挠捕然蚪M織結(jié)構(gòu)Mostproblemsseenatthecustomerresultfrominstallationdamageorimproperinstallation.在顧客那里看到的多數(shù)問(wèn)題是安裝損壞或由不正確安裝產(chǎn)生NoleadinonHousingorshaft座和軸無(wú)引導(dǎo)安裝Incorrectinstallationtoolsortechniques不正確的安裝工具和方法Manufacturing

制造NeedtoContinuetoImprove&UnderstandourProcesses必須持續(xù)改善和了解我們的工藝Hard