2012考研英語一真題及答案

2012考研英語(一)真題參考答案SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmark[A],[B],[C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.(10points)TheethicaljudgmentsoftheSupremeCourtjusticesbecameanimportantissuerecently.Thecourtcannotitslegitimacyasguardianoftheruleoflawjusticesbehavelikepoliticians.Yet,inseveralinstances,justicesactedinwaysthatthecourt'sreputationforbeingindependentandimpartial。JusticesAntoninScaliaandSamuelAlitoJr.,forexample,appearedatpoliticalevents.Thatkindofactivitymakesitlesslikelythatthecourt'sdecisionswillbeasimpartialjudgments.Partoftheproblemisthatthejusticesarenotbyanethicscode.Attheveryleast,thecourtshouldmakeitselftothecodeofconductthattotherestofthefederaljudiciary。Thisandothercasesthequestionofwhetherthereisstillabetweenthecourtandpolitics。TheframersoftheConstitutionenvisionedlawhavingauthorityapartfrompolitics.Theygavejusticespermanentpositionstheywouldbefreetothoseinpowerandhavenoneedtopoliticalsupport.Ourlegalsystemwasdesignedtosetlawapartfrompoliticspreciselybecausetheyaresoclosely。Constitutionallawispoliticalbecauseitresultsfromchoicesrootedinfundamentalsociallikelibertyandproperty.Whenthecourtdealswithsocialpolicydecisions,thelawitisinescapablypolitical—whichiswhydecisionssplitalongideologicallinesaresoeasilyasunjust。Thejusticesmustdoubtsaboutthecourt'slegitimacybymakingthemselvestothecodeofconduct.Thatwouldmaketheirrulingsmorelikelytobeseenasseparatefrompoliticsand,,convincingaslaw。1AemphasizeBmaintainCmodifyDrecognize2AwhenBbestCbeforeDunles3ArenderedBweakenedCestablishedDeliminated4AchallengedBcompromisedCsuspectedDaccepted5.AadvancedBcaughtCboundDfounded6.AresistantBsubjectCimmuneDprone7.AresortsBsticksCleadsDapplies8.AevadeBraiseCdenyDsettle9.AlineBbarrierCsimilarityDconflict10.AbyBasCthroughDtowards11.AsoBsinceCprovidedDthough12.AserveBsatisfyCupsetDreplace13.AconfirmBexpressCcultivateDoffer14AguardedBfollowedCstudiedDtied15.AconceptsBtheoriesCdivisionsDconveniencel6.AexcludesBquestionsCshapesDcontrolsl7.AdismissedBreleasedCrankedDdistortedl8.AsuppressBexploitCaddressDignore19.AaccessibleB.amiableCagreeableDaccountable20.AbyallmeansBatallcostsCinawordDasaresultSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing,[B],[C]or[D].MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)Text2TEXT2Prettyinpink:adultwomendonotrememberbeingsoobsessedwiththecolour,yetitispervasiveinouryounggirlslives.Itisnotthatpinkintrinsicallybad,butitisatinysliceoftherainbowand,thoughitmaycelebrategirlhoodinoneway,italsorepeatedlyandfirmlyfusedgirls'identitytoappearance.Thenitpresentsthatconnection,evenamongtwo—year—olds,betweengirlsasnotonlyinnocentbutasevidenceofinnocence.Lookingaround,despairedatthesingularlackofimaginationaboutgirls'livesandinterests。Girls'attractiontopinkmayseemunavoidable,somehowencodedintheirDNA,butaccordingtoJoPaoletti,anassociateprofessorofAmericanStudies,it'snot.Childrenwerenotcolour-codedatalluntiltheearly20thcentury:intheerabeforedomesticwashingmachinesallbabiesworewhiteasapracticalmatter,sincetheonlywayofgettingclothescleanwastoboilthem.What'smore,bothboysandgirlsworewhatwerethoughtofasgender—neutraldresses.Whennurserycolourswereintroduced,pinkwasactuallyconsideredthemoremasculinecolour,apastelversionofred,whichwasassociatedwithstrength.Blue,withitsintimationsoftheVirginMary,constancyandfaithfulness,symbolisedfemininity.Itwasnotuntilthemid—1980s,whenamplifyingageandsexdifferencesbecameadominantchildren'smarketingstrategy,thatpinkfullycameintoitsown,whenitbegantoseeminnatelyattractivetogirls,partofwhatdefinedthemasfemale,atleastforthefirstfewcriticalyears。Ihadnotrealisedhowprofoundlymarketingtrendsdictatedourperceptionofwhatisnaturaltokids,includingourcorebeliefsabouttheirpsychologicaldevelopment.Takethetoddler.Iassumedthatphasewassomethingexpertsdevelopedafteryearsofresearchintochildren'sbehaviour:wrong.Turnsout,accordingtoDanielCook,ahistorianofchildhoodconsumerism,itwaspopularisedasamarketinggimmickbyclothingmanufacturersinthe1930s。Tradepublicationscounselleddepartmentstoresthat,inordertoincreasesales,theyshouldcreatea"thirdsteppingstone"betweeninfantwearandolderkids'clothes.Itwasonlyafter"toddler"becamecommonshoppers'termthatitevolvedintoabroadlyaccepteddevelopmentalstage.Splittingkids,oradults,intoever—tiniercategorieshasprovedasure-firewaytoboostprofits.Andoneoftheeasiestwaystosegmentamarketistomagnifygenderdifferences-orinventthemwheretheydidnotpreviouslyexist。Bysaying"itis...Therainbow"(line3,Para1)theauthormeanspink。AshouldnotbethesolerepresentationofgirlhoodBshouldnotbeassociatedwithgirls'innocenceCcannotexplaingirls'lackofimaginationDcannotinfluencegirls'livesandinterestsAccordingtoParagraph2,whichofthefollowingistrueofcolours?AColorsareencodedingirls'DNABBlueusedtoberegardedasthecolorforgirlsCPinkusedtobeaneutralcolorinsymbolizinggendersDWhiteispreferredbybabiesTheauthorsuggeststhatourperceptionofchildren'spsychologicaldevotementwasmuchinfluencedby。themarketingofproductsforchildrentheobservationofchildren'snatureresearchesintochildren'sbehaviorstudiesofchildhoodconsumptionWemaylearnfromParagraph4thatdepartmentstoreswereadvised。Afocusesoninfantwearandolderkids'clothesBattachequalimportancetodifferentgendersCclassifyconsumersintosmallergroupsDcreatesomecommonshoppers'termsitcanbeconcludedthatgirl'sattractiontopinkseemstobe。AclearlyexplainedbytheirinborntendencyBfullyunderstoodbyclothingmanufacturersCmainlyimposedbyprofit—drivenbusinessmenDwellinterpretedbypsychologicalexpertsPartBDirections:Forquestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableparagraphsfromthelistA-Gandfillthemintothenumberedboxestoformacoherenttext.ParagraphEhasbeencorrectlyplaced.Thereisoneparagraphwhichdoesnotfitinwiththetext.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)PartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.(10points)SectionIIIWritingPartADirections:Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.Donotsignyourownnameattheendofthenotice.Use""Postgraduates'Association""instead.(10points)PartBDirections:Writeanessayofl60—200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,youshoulddescribethepicturebriefly,explainitsintendedmeaning,andgiveyourcomments。Youshouldwriteneatlyonanswersheet2.2012年全國(guó)碩士研究生入學(xué)考試英語試題NationalEntranceTestofEnglishforMA/MSCandidates(NETEM)跨考英語教研室一楊鳳芝SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmark[A],[B],[C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.(10points)TheethicaljudgmentsoftheSupremeCourtjusticesbecameanimportantissuerecently.Thecourtcannotitslegitimacyasguardianoftheruleoflawjusticesbehavelikepoliticians.Yet,inseveralinstances,justicesactedinwaysthatthecourt'sreputationforbeingindependentandimpartial。JusticesAntoninScaliaandSamuelAlitoJr.,forexample,appearedatpoliticalevents.Thatkindofactivitymakesitlesslikelythatthecourtsdecisionswillbeasimpartialjudgments.Partoftheproblemisthatthejusticesarenotbyanethicscode.Attheveryleast,thecourtshouldmakeitselftothecodeofconductthattothrestofthefederaljudiciary。Thisandothercasesthequestionofwhetherthereisstillabetweenthecourtandpolitics。TheframersoftheConstitutionenvisionedlawhavingauthorityapartfrompolitics.Theygavejusticespermanentpositionstheywouldbefreetothoseinpowerandhavenoneedtopoliticalsupport.Ourlegalsystemwasdesignedtosetlawapartfrompoliticspreciselybecausetheyaresoclosely。Constitutionallawispoliticalbecauseitresultsfromchoicesrootedinfundamentalsociallikelibertyandproperty.Whenthecourtdealswithsocialpolicydecisions,thelawitisinescapablypolitical—whichiswhydecisionssplitalongideologicallinesaresoeasilyasunjustThejusticesmustdoubtsaboutthecourt'slegitimacybymakingthemselvestothecodeofconduct.Thatwouldmaketheirrulingsmorelikelytobeseenasseparatefrompoliticsand,,convincingaslaw。1AemphasizeBmaintairCmodifyDrecognize2AwhenBestCbeforeDunlessArenderedBweakenedCestablishedDeliminatedAchallengedBcompromisedCsuspectedDaccepted5.AadvancedBcaughtCboundDfounded6.AresistantBsubjectCimmuneDprone7.AresortsBsticksCleadsDapplies8.AevadeBraiseCdenyDsettle9.AlineBbarrierCsimilarityDconflict10.AbyBasCthroughDtowards11.AsoBsinceCprovidedDthough12.AserveBsatisfy(upsetDreplace13.AconfirmBexpressCcultivateDoffer14AguardedBfollowedCstudiedDtied15.AconceptsBtheoriesCdivisionsDconvenience16.AexcludesBquestionsCshapesDcontrols17.AdismissedBreleasedCrankedDdistorted18.AsuppressBexploitCaddressDignore19.AaccessibleB.amiableCagreeableDaccountable20.AbyallmeansBatallcostsCinawordDasaresultSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].MarkyouranswersgANSWERSHEET1.(40points)Text2TEXT2Prettyinpink:adultwomendonotrememberbeingsoobsessedwiththecolour,yetitispervasiveinouryounggirls'lives.Itisnotthatpinkintrinsicallybad,butitisatinysliceoftherainbowand,thoughitmaycelebrategirlhoodinoneway,italsorepeatedlyandfirmlyfusedgirls'identitytoappearance.Thenitpresentsthatconnection,evenamongtwo-year-olds,betweengirlsasnotonlyinnocentbutasevidenceofinnocence。Lookingaround,despairedatthesingularlackofimaginationaboutgirls'livesandinterests。Girls'attractiontopinkmayseemunavoidable,somehowencodedintheirDNA,butaccordingtoJoPaoletti,anassociateprofessorofAmericanStudies,it'snot.Childrenwerenotcolour-codedatalluntiltheearly20thcentury:intheerabeforedomesticwashingmachinesallbabiesworewhiteasapracticalmatter,sincetheonlywayofgettingclothescleanwastoboilthem.What'smore,bothboysandgirlsworewhatwerethoughtofasgender-neutraldresses.Whennurserycolourswereintroduced,pinkwasactuallyconsideredthemoremasculinecolour,apastelversionofred,whichwasassociatedwithstrength.Blue,withitsintimationsoftheVirginMary,constancyandfaithfulness,symbolisedfemininity.Itwasnotuntilthemid-1980s,whenamplifyingageandsexdifferencesbecameadominantchildren'smarketingstrategy,thatpinkfullycameintoitsown,whenitbegantoseeminnatelyattractivetogirls,partofwhatdefinedthemasfemale,atleastforthefirstfewcriticalyears。Ihadnotrealisedhowprofoundlymarketingtrendsdictatedourperceptionofwhatisnaturaltokids,includingourcorebeliefsabouttheirpsychologicaldevelopment.Takethetoddler.Iassumedthatphasewassomethingexpertsdevelopedafteryearsofresearchintochildren'sbehaviour:wrong.Turnsout,accordingtoDanielCook,ahistorianofchildhoodconsumerism,itwaspopularisedasamarketinggimmickbyclothingmanufacturersinthe1930?Tradepublicationscounselleddepartmentstoresthat,inordertoincreasesales,theyshouldcreatea"thirdsteppingstone"betweeninfantwearandolderkids'clothes.Itwasonlyafter"toddler"becamecommonshoppers'termthatitevolvedintoabroadlyaccepteddevelopmentalstage.Splittingkids,oradults,intoever—tiniercategorieshasprovedasure-firewaytoboostprofits.Andoneoftheeasiestwaystosegmentamarketistomagnifygenderdifferences-orinventthemwheretheydidnotpreviouslyexist。Bysaying"itis...Therainbow"(line3,Para1)theauthormeanspinkAshouldnotbethesolerepresentationofgirlhoodBshouldnotbeassociatedwithgirls'innocenceCcannotexplaingirls'lackofimaginationDcannotinfluencegirls'livesandinterestsAccordingtoParagraph2,whichofthefollowingistrueofcolours?AColorsareencodedingirls'DNABBlueusedtoberegardedasthecolorforgirlsCPinkusedtobeaneutralcolorinsymbolizinggendersDWhiteispreferredbybabiesTheauthorsuggeststhatourperceptionofchildren'spsychologicaldevotementwasmuchinfluencedby。themarketingofproductsforchildrentheobservationofchildren'snatureresearchesintochildren'sbehaviorstudiesofchildhoodconsumptionWemaylearnfromParagraph4thatdepartmentstoreswereadvisedAfocusesoninfantwearandolderkids'clothesBattachequalimportancetodifferentgendersCclassifyconsumersintosmallergroupsDcreatesomecommonshoppers'termsitcanbeconcludedthatgirl'sattractiontopinkseemstobe。AclearlyexplainedbytheirinborntendencyBfullyunderstoodbyclothingmanufacturersCmainlyimposedbyprofit—drivenbusinessmenDwellinterpretedbypsychologicalexpertsPartBDirections:Forquestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableparagraphsfromthelistA—Gandfillthemintothenumberedboxestoformacoherenttext.ParagraphEhasbeencorrectlyplaced.Thereisoneparagraphwhichdoesnotfitinwiththetext.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)PartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.(10points)SectionIIIWritingPartADirections:OOOOOOOYoushouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.Donotsignyourownnameattheendofthenotice.Use""Postgraduates'Association""instead.(10points)PartBDirections:Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,youshoulddescribethepicturebriefly,explainitsintendedmeaning,andgiveyourcomments。Youshouldwr