選修六第三單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)課件

LanguagePoints

ReadingLanguagePoints

Reading11．a(chǎn)busen．&vt.濫用；虐待典例:1)

Thebookisabouttheabuseofpower.這本書講述的是權(quán)力的濫用問題。2)他從不濫用特權(quán)。Heneverabuseshisprivilege.拓展:

drugabuse

childabuseabuseofpowerabuseone'spower濫用毒品虐待兒童濫用權(quán)力濫用某人的權(quán)力1．a(chǎn)busen．&vt.濫用；虐待濫用毒品虐待兒童濫用22.Whydoyouthinksomeadolescentsstartsmoking?adolescent/Teenagerbaby/infantchild(British)/kids(American)toddleryouth嬰兒年幼的孩子13到19歲的人會(huì)走路的小孩男性青年2.Whydoyouthinksomeadoles3Myadolescentlife我的青少年時(shí)期adolescence

青春期Theperiodofadolescenceisveryimportantinformingone’scharacter.青春期對(duì)人的性格形成是非常重要的。Myadolescentlife我的青少年時(shí)期43．Doyouthinksmokingshouldbebanned?你認(rèn)為應(yīng)該禁止吸煙嗎？ban(1)vt.禁止；取締政府已經(jīng)禁止化學(xué)武器的使用。(2)n.禁令；譴責(zé)(常與on/against連用)Thepoliceliftedthebanagainstparkinginthestreet.Thegovernmenthasbannedtheuseofchemicalweapons.警察取消了不準(zhǔn)在這條街停車的禁令。3．Doyouthinksmokingshould5拓展:

bansb.from(doing)sth.

禁止某人做某事運(yùn)用用合適的介詞填空①Hewasbanned________drivingforthreemonthsaftertheaccident.②Thegovernmentannouncedtheban________drink-driving(醉駕)．fromon/against拓展:bansb.from(doing)sth.①H6知識(shí)拓展ban...fromdoing禁止……做……lift/removethebanon解禁……place/put...underaban禁止……underaban被禁止；被逐出門選修六第三單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)課件74.Ithinkmylongandactivelifemustbe

duetothehealthylifeIlive.due

to

因?yàn)?由……引起;由于如:她的缺席是由暴風(fēng)雨引起的。Herabsencewasduetothestorm.知識(shí)拓展:表示因果關(guān)系的單詞和短語becauseof

介詞短語“因?yàn)椤?較口語化owing

to

介詞短語“因?yàn)椤?較正式thanks

to

介詞短語“因?yàn)椤?“多虧了”asa

result

of

介詞短語“因?yàn)椤盿saresult

副詞短語“因此”4.Ithinkmylongandactive8選修六第三單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)課件95.Ibecameaddictedtocigarettes.become/get/beaddictedtosth./doingsth.表示“對(duì)某事/做某事上癮”,該短語中的to是介詞,后接名詞或動(dòng)名詞形式。如：孩子們對(duì)計(jì)算機(jī)游戲上了癮。Thechildrenareaddictedtocomputergames.5.Ibecameaddictedtocigare10addict

vt.(1)使沉溺;嗜好(2)使……成癮,熱衷于addictoneselfto沉溺于,醉心于beaddictedtosth./doingsth.嗜好,熱衷Hebecameaddictedtothedrug.他染上了毒癮。addict

n.(1)上了癮的人

aworkaddict工作狂filmaddict電影迷(2)吸毒者addiction

n.

沉湎、成癮addictive

adj.

使人上癮的addictvt.(1)使沉溺;嗜好(2)使……成癮11Theparentsfelthelplesswhentheyfoundtheirsonhad____lovestoriesforlong.addictedaddictedtoC.addictedhimselfD.beenaddictedtoDTheparentsfelthelplesswhen126.Thismeansthatafterawhileyoubecomesaccustomedtohavingnicotineinit.

這就是說,過了一段時(shí)間以后,你的身體習(xí)慣了香煙里的尼古丁。accustom

vt.

使習(xí)慣于be/get/becomeaccustomedto習(xí)慣于;適應(yīng)于accustom+n./oneself+to使自己習(xí)慣/適應(yīng)于其中to為介詞6.Thismeansthatafterawhi13Theboyhas____________________________Englishinpublic.那孩子已經(jīng)習(xí)慣于在公眾面前說英語了。Myeyessoon_______________________________.我的眼睛很快適應(yīng)了黑暗。Theyhadto____________________________________.他們不得不使自己習(xí)慣于炎熱的天氣。accustomthemselvestothehotweathergrewaccustomedtothedarknessbecomeaccustomedtospeakingTheboyhas__________________14[考例]Accustomedto______thesteepmountain,hehadnodifficultyreachingthetop.(上海2005春)A.climbing B.climbC.havingclimbedD.haveclimbed[點(diǎn)撥]to為介詞,后跟動(dòng)詞-ing形式,不能跟現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式,故選A。A[考例]Accustomedto______the157．Sowhenthedrugleavesyourbody,yougetwithdrawalsymptoms.所以當(dāng)你的體內(nèi)沒有這種麻醉劑時(shí)，你就會(huì)出現(xiàn)脫癮癥狀。withdrawaln．收回；撤退；戒毒(或脫癮)過程Igotwithdrawalsymptomsaftergivingupsmoking.我戒煙之后出現(xiàn)了脫癮癥狀。Thecompanymadethewithdrawaloftheproductfromthemarket.公司從市場上收回了這種產(chǎn)品。Hissuddenwithdrawalfromtheelectionsurprisedeveryone.他突然退出選舉的行為使每個(gè)人都感到驚訝。7．Sowhenthedrugleavesyour168．Iwasaddictedinallthreeways,soitwasverydifficulttoquit.我之所以上癮是有著這三方面的原因的，所以要戒煙很難。quitvt.停止(做某事)；離開vi.停止；離開；辭職典例:他已經(jīng)戒煙了。

Hehasquitsmoking.這筆錢是用來幫助吸煙者戒煙的。Themoneyisusedtohelpsmokersquit.拓展quitschool退學(xué)quitoffice離職quitdoingsth.(＝stopdoingsth.)

停止做某事bequitofsb./sth.擺脫某人或某物8．Iwasaddictedinallthree17運(yùn)用:

完成句子①Igavehimmoneyinorderto_____________(擺脫他)．②Iwishyou'dbetter____________(停止說話)．Doctorsaredoingresearchtofindoutwhathappensphysicallywhenpeople______smoking.A.quitB.declineC.departD.reserve解析:根據(jù)句意“醫(yī)生們正在研究以便發(fā)現(xiàn)當(dāng)人們戒煙時(shí),他們身體上將會(huì)發(fā)生什么情況”選A。decline下降;depart起程;reserve預(yù)訂。bequitofhimquittalkingA運(yùn)用:完成句子①Igavehimmoneyino1810．WhenIwasyoung,Ididn'tknowmuchabouttheharmfuleffectsofsmoking.在我年輕的時(shí)候，關(guān)于吸煙的危害性我知道的并不多。effectn．結(jié)果；效力典例:

這種藥的藥力可持續(xù)十二個(gè)小時(shí)。Theeffectofthismedicinecanlasttwelvehours.拓展:

ineffect事實(shí)上

takeeffect生效，奏效come/gointoeffect開始實(shí)施bring/put/oeffect使實(shí)施，使生效haveagood/badeffectonsth.

對(duì)某物有好的(或壞的)影響10．WhenIwasyoung,Idi19運(yùn)用完成句子①Thedrug______________________(立馬見效)thepain.②Thenewtaxregulations_________________(開始實(shí)施)lastmonth.③Hetoldushedidn'tlikewatchingfootballmatch;________________(事實(shí)上),heisafootballfan.hasanimmediateeffectoncame/wentintoeffectIneffect/fact運(yùn)用完成句子①Thedrug_____________2011.Ididn’tknow,forexample,thatitcoulddoterribledamagetoyourheartandlungsorthatitwasmoredifficultforsmokingcouplestobecomepregnant.

當(dāng)初我不知道抽煙能嚴(yán)重侵害人的心臟和肺部,也不知道吸煙的夫婦生育能力會(huì)下降。解析:該句是一個(gè)包含兩個(gè)賓語從句的主從復(fù)合句。11.Ididn’tknow,forexample21主句為Ididn’tknow。兩個(gè)賓語從句分別為itcoulddoterribledamagetoyourheartandlungs和itwasmoredifficultforsmokingcouplestobecomepregnant,“or”連接這兩個(gè)賓語從句,意為“也不(知道)”。Idon’tknow...or...這個(gè)句型譯為“我不知道……,也不知道……”。如:Idon’tknowwheretogoorwhattodo.我不知道去哪里也不知道干什么。主句為Ididn’tknow。兩個(gè)賓語從句分別為2212．strengthenvt．加強(qiáng)；鞏固；使堅(jiān)強(qiáng)vi.變強(qiáng)這些訓(xùn)練目的在于增強(qiáng)你的腹部肌肉。Theexercisesaredesignedtostrengthenyourstomachmuscles.知識(shí)拓展動(dòng)詞strengthen是名詞strength加后綴-en轉(zhuǎn)化而來的，常見的由名詞或形容詞加后綴-en轉(zhuǎn)化而來的動(dòng)詞還有：brighten(使)明亮；fatten(使)發(fā)胖；harden(使)變硬；soften(使)變軟；sharpen(使)變尖銳；sweeten(使)變甜；widen(使)變寬12．strengthenvt．加強(qiáng)；鞏固；使堅(jiān)強(qiáng)vi.23比較:strength,energy,force,power這些名詞均有“力”之意。(1)strength指機(jī)體內(nèi)部的能力，是依靠身體組織而存在的力，經(jīng)使用就變?yōu)閒orce。它尤其指承受重物的力量。Forasmallwomanshehassurprisingstrength.她個(gè)子雖小但力大驚人。(2)energy用于人時(shí)，指工作時(shí)煥發(fā)出的精力或干勁。Hisworkseemedtolackenergy.他工作似乎缺乏干勁。比較:strength,energy,force,po24(3)force尤指人或物撞擊或推物體時(shí)所用的力。Hediditwithagreatforce.他用了很大的力才把它做完了。(4)power可以用來指人體某部位的力量，但一般不用來指搬動(dòng)或握、托、支撐重物的力量。從物理學(xué)意義上講，power更多指機(jī)械、爆炸或大自然的力量。Therewasalotofpowerbehindthatblow.那一擊的力量很大。(3)force尤指人或物撞擊或推物體時(shí)所用的力。2513．Decideonadaytoquit.確定一個(gè)開始戒煙的日子。decideon/upon對(duì)……作出決定典例:

不要過于匆忙地對(duì)重要的事情作出決定。Don'tdecideon/uponimportantmatterstooquickly.拓展:

decidetodosth.決定做某事decideagainststh./doingsth.決定不做某事decidethat-clause決定……運(yùn)用:

完成句子①Shehas________________(對(duì)……作出決定)artasacareer.②I________________(決定去旅行)toanothercity.decidedon/upondecidetotravel13．Decideonadaytoquit.dec2614．Everytimeyoufeellikesmokingacigarette,remindyourselfthatyouareanon-smoker.每當(dāng)你想要吸煙的時(shí)候，就提醒你自己：你已經(jīng)是一個(gè)不吸煙的人了。feellike(doing)想要(做)……典例:

我今天想做點(diǎn)別的事情。你想來杯咖啡嗎？拓展:

wouldliketodosth.想要做某事prefertodosth.更喜歡做某事enjoydoingsth.喜歡做某事liketodo/doingsth.喜歡做某事Ifeellikedoingsomethingdifferenttoday.Doyoufeellikeacupofcoffee?14．Everytimeyoufeellikesm2715．desperateadj．絕望的；拼命的;渴望的①Hewasdesperatewhenhelostallhismoney.當(dāng)他丟了所有錢時(shí)，他絕望了。②Iwasabsolutelydesperatetolearnpainting.我非?？释麑W(xué)畫畫。③Hetookadeepbreath,desperatelytryingtokeepcalm.他深深地吸了一口氣，極力保持鎮(zhèn)靜。知識(shí)拓展：bedesperatefor...對(duì)……極度渴望的bedesperatetodo非常愿意干……desperatelyadv．拼命地desperationn．絕望；拼命15．desperateadj．絕望的；拼命的;渴望的2816．Donotbedisappointedifyouhavetotryseveraltimesbeforeyoufinallystopsmoking.如果你要經(jīng)過多次戒煙才能最后把它戒掉，不要感到失望。disappointedadj.失望的；沮喪的典例：我不是泄氣，而是失望。

Iwasmoredisappointedthandiscouraged.拓展：bedisappointedtodosth.對(duì)做某事感到失望

bedisappointedat/about/withsth.對(duì)某事感到失望

bedisappointedthat-clause對(duì)……失望運(yùn)用：完成句子①Tomwasn't_______________________(對(duì)聽到……感到失望)thenews.②WhenI___________________(感到沮喪),Ioftenlistentomusic.disappointedtohearfeeldisappointed16．Donotbedisappointedify2917．Ifyouweakenandhaveacigarette,donotfeelashamed.如果你意志薄弱而又吸煙了，也不要覺得難為情。ashamedadj.感到慚愧或羞恥的典例:

你應(yīng)該為自己感到羞恥！Youshouldbeashamedofyourself!

拓展:

beashamedof(doing)sth.對(duì)某事感到羞愧beashamedtodosth.為做某事而感到羞愧beashamedthat-clause對(duì)……感到羞恥運(yùn)用:

完成句子①Shewas________________(羞愧于告訴)hermotherthatshehadfailedtheexam.②Iwas________________(對(duì)……感到羞愧)mybehavioratthattime.ashamedtotellashamedof17．Ifyouweakenandhave30LanguagePoints

learningaboutlanguageLanguagePoints

learningabout311．Inspiteofallhiseffortshefailed.盡管很努力，他還是失敗了。[歸納拓展]inspiteof

盡管，雖然inspiteof＝despite，后面跟名詞，代詞或動(dòng)名詞，不能跟從句。although＝though，盡管，雖然。引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。as有時(shí)也引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，但要用部分倒裝語序，即：表語/狀語/謂語＋as＋主語＋謂語1．Inspiteofallhisefforts321、盡管有喧鬧聲也要設(shè)法睡著。(inspiteof)Trytosleepinspiteofthenoise.2、盡管她窮，但她決不向別人低頭。(although)Though/Althoughsheispoor，shenevergivesintoothers.3、盡管這事似乎很奇怪，可是是真的。(as)Strangeasitmayseem，itistrue.4、—Theweatheristoobad.—________thebadweather，Istilltrymybesttomeetmyfriendasplanned.A.InspiteofB.AswellC.HoweverD.AlthoughA1、盡管有喧鬧聲也要設(shè)法睡著。(inspiteof)A332．Hefelthehadtomakeuphismindoneverystepinsteadoftakingrisks.他覺得每一步都要下定決心，而不是冒險(xiǎn)。[歸納拓展]riskn．危險(xiǎn)；風(fēng)險(xiǎn)

atone’sownrisk自擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)atrisk在危險(xiǎn)中attheriskof冒……風(fēng)險(xiǎn)takearisk(risks)冒風(fēng)險(xiǎn)taketheriskofdoingsth冒……風(fēng)險(xiǎn)riskv.冒……風(fēng)險(xiǎn)riskdoingsth.冒險(xiǎn)做某事2．Hefelthehadtomakeuphi341、你可以使用它，但你要責(zé)任自負(fù)。Youcanuseit，butit’satyourownrisk.2、她沒有去，因?yàn)樗幌朊霸僮惨娔釥柕娘L(fēng)險(xiǎn)。Shedidn’tgo，becauseshedidn’twanttorun/taketheriskofseeingNeilagain.3、她冒生命危險(xiǎn)去搶救那個(gè)溺水的兒童。Sheriskedherlifetryingtosavethedrowningchild.1、你可以使用它，但你要責(zé)任自負(fù)。354、Heleftwithoutanumbrella_____inarain.A．riskedgettingcaughtB．riskinggettingcaughtC．torisktogetcaughtD．riskingtogetcaught5、Ifyoudaretotake________riskofnotwearingaseatbelt，youareat________risk.A．the；/B．/；/C．/；theD．the；theBA4、Heleftwithoutanumbrella_363．Ofcoursethebestwaytodealwiththesedrugsisnottogetintothehabitinthefirstplace.當(dāng)然，對(duì)付這些藥品的最好方法是從最初就別開始。[歸納拓展]getinto進(jìn)入，陷于，染上(習(xí)慣)常用短語：getintotrouble/difficulties惹上麻煩getintodebt負(fù)債累累getintoatemper大發(fā)脾氣getintodeepwater陷于困境getintothehabit/wayof養(yǎng)成習(xí)慣，習(xí)慣于3．Ofcoursethebestwaytode374．illegaladj.不合法的，違法的他承認(rèn)他是非法移民。Headmittedthathewasanillegalimmigrant.未經(jīng)允許看別人的私人信件是不合法的。It'sillegaltoreadpeople'sprivateletterswithoutpermission.拓展：Itisillegal(forsb)todosth(某人)做…是違法的legal

adj.合法的；法律的

為什么我就不該放假？那是完全合法的。Whyshouldn'tItakeaholiday?It'sperfectlylegal.4．illegaladj.不合法的，違法的38LanguagePoints

UsinglanguageLanguagePoints

Usinglanguage391.survivaln.幸存；幸存者醫(yī)生說他有50%的生存機(jī)會(huì)。Hisdoctorsaidhehada50-50chanceofsurvival.知識(shí)拓展(1)fight/struggleforsurvivalsurvivalofthefittest(2)survivevt.&vi.

surviveonsth.(3)survivorn.

為生存而斗爭適者生存生還；殘存；比……活得長僅靠……維持生計(jì)生存者；殘存者；幸存者1.survivaln.幸存；幸存者為生存而斗爭適者生存402．judgementn.看法；判決；判斷短語：在……看來對(duì)……做出判斷按我的看法，我們應(yīng)該做這件事。Inmyjudgement,weshoulddoit.他拒絕對(duì)形勢作出評(píng)價(jià)。Herefusedtomakeajudgementaboutthesituation.inone'sjudgement

makeajudgementabout2．judgementn.看法；判決；判斷inone'41(2)judgen.法官，裁判v.斷定，判斷，審判judge...by根據(jù)……判斷judgingfrom/by根據(jù)……判斷不要以貌取人。Don'tjudgeamanbyhislooks.從外表來看，他一定是一位專家。Judgingbyhisappearance,hemustbeanexpert.(2)judgen.法官，裁判423．embarrassedadj.尷尬的，窘迫的；陷入困境的她因自己的身高而困窘。She'sembarrassedaboutherheight.拓展：embarrassvt.使尷尬；使窘迫；使不安

embarrassingadj.令人尷尬的；令人難堪的

embarrassment

n.尷尬；難堪；窘迫在眾人面前演說時(shí)，我總覺得很窘迫。Makingspeechesinpublicalwaysembarrassesme.3．embarrassedadj.尷尬的，窘迫的；陷入困43活學(xué)活用用embarrassed的適當(dāng)形式填空(1)Itwasso________havingtosinginpublic.(2)Muchtoher________sherealizedthateverybodyhadbeenlisteningtohersinging.(3)Helooked________whenIaskedhimwherehe'dbeen.答案：

(2)embarrassment

(1)embarrassing

(3)embarrassed活學(xué)活用(2)embarrassment(1)embar444．a(chǎn)wkwardadj.局促不安的；笨拙的在正式的舞會(huì)上，我感到局促不安，很不自在。AttheformalpartyIfeltveryawkwardandoutofplace.孩子們喜歡嘲笑笨拙的同齡人。Thechildrenlikedtolaughattheirawkwardpeers.拓展：awkwardlyadv.局促不安地；笨拙地4．a(chǎn)wkwardadj.局促不安的；笨拙的adv.局451、makesure確定；確信；查明；弄清楚①你最好確保將這封信在今天晚上寄出去。You'dbettermakesurethattheletterleavestonight.②你必須把時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)弄清楚。Youmustmakesureofthetimeandplace.注意：makesure后一般不接不定式作賓語，后接名詞時(shí)需加介詞of/about；后接從句時(shí)，使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)表示將來。1、makesure確定；確信；查明；弄清楚46選修六第三單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)課件47重點(diǎn)句型1.ItisonlywhenthediseasehasprogressedtoAIDSthatapersonbeginstolooksick.只有當(dāng)這種病毒發(fā)展成艾滋病時(shí),人才會(huì)顯出病態(tài).本句是強(qiáng)調(diào)句，強(qiáng)調(diào)了狀語從句onlywhenthediseasehasprogressedtoAIDS。強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的結(jié)構(gòu)：Itis/was＋被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分＋that/who＋句子的其余部分。重點(diǎn)句型482．YoucanhaveHIVinyourbloodforalongtime,buteventuallyHIVwilldamageyourimmunesystemsomuchthatyourbodycannolongerfightdisease.這是一個(gè)由but連接的并列句。在第二個(gè)分句中，含有so...that...引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句，“如此……以至于……”。其中so后可接形容詞或副詞以及由many,much,few,little修飾的名詞也可用來修飾帶形容詞的可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)形式，即“so＋adj.＋a/an＋可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)”。2．YoucanhaveHIVinyourblo49①這箱子如此重，我舉不起來。TheboxissoheavythatIcan'tliftit.②我摔了好多次跤，渾身青一塊紫一塊的。I'vehadsomanyfallsthatI'mblackandblueallover.③湯姆是個(gè)很誠實(shí)的孩子，從不說謊。Tomissohonestaboythathenevertellsalie.①這箱子如此重，我舉不起來。50知識(shí)拓展：天氣非常好，我們決定在沙灘上度過這一天。Itwassuchlovelyweatherthatwedecidedtospendthedayonthebeach.知識(shí)拓展：天氣非常好，我們決定在沙灘上度過這一天。51如果把so＋adj./adv.放于句首，主句應(yīng)使用部分倒裝。他跑得太快了，我們趕不上他。Sofastdidherunthatwecouldn'tcatchupwithhim.選詞填空(so/such)：(1)Hemakes________littlemoneyeverymonththathehastoliveasimplelife.(2)Jackis________akindboythatweallliketomakefriendswithhim.

sosuch如果把so＋adj./adv.放于句首，主句應(yīng)使用部分sos52ThankYou!ThankYou!53LanguagePoints

ReadingLanguagePoints

Reading541．a(chǎn)busen．&vt.濫用；虐待典例:1)

Thebookisabouttheabuseofpower.這本書講述的是權(quán)力的濫用問題。2)他從不濫用特權(quán)。Heneverabuseshisprivilege.拓展:

drugabuse

childabuseabuseofpowerabuseone'spower濫用毒品虐待兒童濫用權(quán)力濫用某人的權(quán)力1．a(chǎn)busen．&vt.濫用；虐待濫用毒品虐待兒童濫用552.Whydoyouthinksomeadolescentsstartsmoking?adolescent/Teenagerbaby/infantchild(British)/kids(American)toddleryouth嬰兒年幼的孩子13到19歲的人會(huì)走路的小孩男性青年2.Whydoyouthinksomeadoles56Myadolescentlife我的青少年時(shí)期adolescence

青春期Theperiodofadolescenceisveryimportantinformingone’scharacter.青春期對(duì)人的性格形成是非常重要的。Myadolescentlife我的青少年時(shí)期573．Doyouthinksmokingshouldbebanned?你認(rèn)為應(yīng)該禁止吸煙嗎？ban(1)vt.禁止；取締政府已經(jīng)禁止化學(xué)武器的使用。(2)n.禁令；譴責(zé)(常與on/against連用)Thepoliceliftedthebanagainstparkinginthestreet.Thegovernmenthasbannedtheuseofchemicalweapons.警察取消了不準(zhǔn)在這條街停車的禁令。3．Doyouthinksmokingshould58拓展:

bansb.from(doing)sth.

禁止某人做某事運(yùn)用用合適的介詞填空①Hewasbanned________drivingforthreemonthsaftertheaccident.②Thegovernmentannouncedtheban________drink-driving(醉駕)．fromon/against拓展:bansb.from(doing)sth.①H59知識(shí)拓展ban...fromdoing禁止……做……lift/removethebanon解禁……place/put...underaban禁止……underaban被禁止；被逐出門選修六第三單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)課件604.Ithinkmylongandactivelifemustbe

duetothehealthylifeIlive.due

to

因?yàn)?由……引起;由于如:她的缺席是由暴風(fēng)雨引起的。Herabsencewasduetothestorm.知識(shí)拓展:表示因果關(guān)系的單詞和短語becauseof

介詞短語“因?yàn)椤?較口語化owing

to

介詞短語“因?yàn)椤?較正式thanks

to

介詞短語“因?yàn)椤?“多虧了”asa

result

of

介詞短語“因?yàn)椤盿saresult

副詞短語“因此”4.Ithinkmylongandactive61選修六第三單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)課件625.Ibecameaddictedtocigarettes.become/get/beaddictedtosth./doingsth.表示“對(duì)某事/做某事上癮”,該短語中的to是介詞,后接名詞或動(dòng)名詞形式。如：孩子們對(duì)計(jì)算機(jī)游戲上了癮。Thechildrenareaddictedtocomputergames.5.Ibecameaddictedtocigare63addict

vt.(1)使沉溺;嗜好(2)使……成癮,熱衷于addictoneselfto沉溺于,醉心于beaddictedtosth./doingsth.嗜好,熱衷Hebecameaddictedtothedrug.他染上了毒癮。addict

n.(1)上了癮的人

aworkaddict工作狂filmaddict電影迷(2)吸毒者addiction

n.

沉湎、成癮addictive

adj.

使人上癮的addictvt.(1)使沉溺;嗜好(2)使……成癮64Theparentsfelthelplesswhentheyfoundtheirsonhad____lovestoriesforlong.addictedaddictedtoC.addictedhimselfD.beenaddictedtoDTheparentsfelthelplesswhen656.Thismeansthatafterawhileyoubecomesaccustomedtohavingnicotineinit.

這就是說,過了一段時(shí)間以后,你的身體習(xí)慣了香煙里的尼古丁。accustom

vt.

使習(xí)慣于be/get/becomeaccustomedto習(xí)慣于;適應(yīng)于accustom+n./oneself+to使自己習(xí)慣/適應(yīng)于其中to為介詞6.Thismeansthatafterawhi66Theboyhas____________________________Englishinpublic.那孩子已經(jīng)習(xí)慣于在公眾面前說英語了。Myeyessoon_______________________________.我的眼睛很快適應(yīng)了黑暗。Theyhadto____________________________________.他們不得不使自己習(xí)慣于炎熱的天氣。accustomthemselvestothehotweathergrewaccustomedtothedarknessbecomeaccustomedtospeakingTheboyhas__________________67[考例]Accustomedto______thesteepmountain,hehadnodifficultyreachingthetop.(上海2005春)A.climbing B.climbC.havingclimbedD.haveclimbed[點(diǎn)撥]to為介詞,后跟動(dòng)詞-ing形式,不能跟現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式,故選A。A[考例]Accustomedto______the687．Sowhenthedrugleavesyourbody,yougetwithdrawalsymptoms.所以當(dāng)你的體內(nèi)沒有這種麻醉劑時(shí)，你就會(huì)出現(xiàn)脫癮癥狀。withdrawaln．收回；撤退；戒毒(或脫癮)過程Igotwithdrawalsymptomsaftergivingupsmoking.我戒煙之后出現(xiàn)了脫癮癥狀。Thecompanymadethewithdrawaloftheproductfromthemarket.公司從市場上收回了這種產(chǎn)品。Hissuddenwithdrawalfromtheelectionsurprisedeveryone.他突然退出選舉的行為使每個(gè)人都感到驚訝。7．Sowhenthedrugleavesyour698．Iwasaddictedinallthreeways,soitwasverydifficulttoquit.我之所以上癮是有著這三方面的原因的，所以要戒煙很難。quitvt.停止(做某事)；離開vi.停止；離開；辭職典例:他已經(jīng)戒煙了。

Hehasquitsmoking.這筆錢是用來幫助吸煙者戒煙的。Themoneyisusedtohelpsmokersquit.拓展quitschool退學(xué)quitoffice離職quitdoingsth.(＝stopdoingsth.)

停止做某事bequitofsb./sth.擺脫某人或某物8．Iwasaddictedinallthree70運(yùn)用:

完成句子①Igavehimmoneyinorderto_____________(擺脫他)．②Iwishyou'dbetter____________(停止說話)．Doctorsaredoingresearchtofindoutwhathappensphysicallywhenpeople______smoking.A.quitB.declineC.departD.reserve解析:根據(jù)句意“醫(yī)生們正在研究以便發(fā)現(xiàn)當(dāng)人們戒煙時(shí),他們身體上將會(huì)發(fā)生什么情況”選A。decline下降;depart起程;reserve預(yù)訂。bequitofhimquittalkingA運(yùn)用:完成句子①Igavehimmoneyino7110．WhenIwasyoung,Ididn'tknowmuchabouttheharmfuleffectsofsmoking.在我年輕的時(shí)候，關(guān)于吸煙的危害性我知道的并不多。effectn．結(jié)果；效力典例:

這種藥的藥力可持續(xù)十二個(gè)小時(shí)。Theeffectofthismedicinecanlasttwelvehours.拓展:

ineffect事實(shí)上

takeeffect生效，奏效come/gointoeffect開始實(shí)施bring/put/oeffect使實(shí)施，使生效haveagood/badeffectonsth.

對(duì)某物有好的(或壞的)影響10．WhenIwasyoung,Idi72運(yùn)用完成句子①Thedrug______________________(立馬見效)thepain.②Thenewtaxregulations_________________(開始實(shí)施)lastmonth.③Hetoldushedidn'tlikewatchingfootballmatch;________________(事實(shí)上),heisafootballfan.hasanimmediateeffectoncame/wentintoeffectIneffect/fact運(yùn)用完成句子①Thedrug_____________7311.Ididn’tknow,forexample,thatitcoulddoterribledamagetoyourheartandlungsorthatitwasmoredifficultforsmokingcouplestobecomepregnant.

當(dāng)初我不知道抽煙能嚴(yán)重侵害人的心臟和肺部,也不知道吸煙的夫婦生育能力會(huì)下降。解析:該句是一個(gè)包含兩個(gè)賓語從句的主從復(fù)合句。11.Ididn’tknow,forexample74主句為Ididn’tknow。兩個(gè)賓語從句分別為itcoulddoterribledamagetoyourheartandlungs和itwasmoredifficultforsmokingcouplestobecomepregnant,“or”連接這兩個(gè)賓語從句,意為“也不(知道)”。Idon’tknow...or...這個(gè)句型譯為“我不知道……,也不知道……”。如:Idon’tknowwheretogoorwhattodo.我不知道去哪里也不知道干什么。主句為Ididn’tknow。兩個(gè)賓語從句分別為7512．strengthenvt．加強(qiáng)；鞏固；使堅(jiān)強(qiáng)vi.變強(qiáng)這些訓(xùn)練目的在于增強(qiáng)你的腹部肌肉。Theexercisesaredesignedtostrengthenyourstomachmuscles.知識(shí)拓展動(dòng)詞strengthen是名詞strength加后綴-en轉(zhuǎn)化而來的，常見的由名詞或形容詞加后綴-en轉(zhuǎn)化而來的動(dòng)詞還有：brighten(使)明亮；fatten(使)發(fā)胖；harden(使)變硬；soften(使)變軟；sharpen(使)變尖銳；sweeten(使)變甜；widen(使)變寬12．strengthenvt．加強(qiáng)；鞏固；使堅(jiān)強(qiáng)vi.76比較:strength,energy,force,power這些名詞均有“力”之意。(1)strength指機(jī)體內(nèi)部的能力，是依靠身體組織而存在的力，經(jīng)使用就變?yōu)閒orce。它尤其指承受重物的力量。Forasmallwomanshehassurprisingstrength.她個(gè)子雖小但力大驚人。(2)energy用于人時(shí)，指工作時(shí)煥發(fā)出的精力或干勁。Hisworkseemedtolackenergy.他工作似乎缺乏干勁。比較:strength,energy,force,po77(3)force尤指人或物撞擊或推物體時(shí)所用的力。Hediditwithagreatforce.他用了很大的力才把它做完了。(4)power可以用來指人體某部位的力量，但一般不用來指搬動(dòng)或握、托、支撐重物的力量。從物理學(xué)意義上講，power更多指機(jī)械、爆炸或大自然的力量。Therewasalotofpowerbehindthatblow.那一擊的力量很大。(3)force尤指人或物撞擊或推物體時(shí)所用的力。7813．Decideonadaytoquit.確定一個(gè)開始戒煙的日子。decideon/upon對(duì)……作出決定典例:

不要過于匆忙地對(duì)重要的事情作出決定。Don'tdecideon/uponimportantmatterstooquickly.拓展:

decidetodosth.決定做某事decideagainststh./doingsth.決定不做某事decidethat-clause決定……運(yùn)用:

完成句子①Shehas________________(對(duì)……作出決定)artasacareer.②I________________(決定去旅行)toanothercity.decidedon/upondecidetotravel13．Decideonadaytoquit.dec7914．Everytimeyoufeellikesmokingacigarette,remindyourselfthatyouareanon-smoker.每當(dāng)你想要吸煙的時(shí)候，就提醒你自己：你已經(jīng)是一個(gè)不吸煙的人了。feellike(doing)想要(做)……典例:

我今天想做點(diǎn)別的事情。你想來杯咖啡嗎？拓展:

wouldliketodosth.想要做某事prefertodosth.更喜歡做某事enjoydoingsth.喜歡做某事liketodo/doingsth.喜歡做某事Ifeellikedoingsomethingdifferenttoday.Doyoufeellikeacupofcoffee?14．Everytimeyoufeellikesm8015．desperateadj．絕望的；拼命的;渴望的①Hewasdesperatewhenhelostallhismoney.當(dāng)他丟了所有錢時(shí)，他絕望了。②Iwasabsolutelydesperatetolearnpainting.我非常渴望學(xué)畫畫。③Hetookadeepbreath,desperatelytryingtokeepcalm.他深深地吸了一口氣，極力保持鎮(zhèn)靜。知識(shí)拓展：bedesperatefor...對(duì)……極度渴望的bedesperatetodo非常愿意干……desperatelyadv．拼命地desperationn．絕望；拼命15．desperateadj．絕望的；拼命的;渴望的8116．Donotbedisappointedifyouhavetotryseveraltimesbeforeyoufinallystopsmoking.如果你要經(jīng)過多次戒煙才能最后把它戒掉，不要感到失望。disappointedadj.失望的；沮喪的典例：我不是泄氣，而是失望。

Iwasmoredisappointedthandiscouraged.拓展：bedisappointedtodosth.對(duì)做某事感到失望

bedisappointedat/about/withsth.對(duì)某事感到失望

bedisappointedthat-clause對(duì)……失望運(yùn)用：完成句子①Tomwasn't_______________________(對(duì)聽到……感到失望)thenews.②WhenI___________________(感到沮喪),Ioftenlistentomusic.disappointedtohearfeeldisappointed16．Donotbedisappointedify8217．Ifyouweakenandhaveacigarette,donotfeelashamed.如果你意志薄弱而又吸煙了，也不要覺得難為情。ashamedadj.感到慚愧或羞恥的典例:

你應(yīng)該為自己感到羞恥！Youshouldbeashamedofyourself!

拓展:

beashamedof(doing)sth.對(duì)某事感到羞愧beashamedtodosth.為做某事而感到羞愧beashamedthat-clause對(duì)……感到羞恥運(yùn)用:

完成句子①Shewas________________(羞愧于告訴)hermotherthatshehadfailedtheexam.②Iwas________________(對(duì)……感到羞愧)mybehavioratthattime.ashamedtotellashamedof17．Ifyouweakenandhave83LanguagePoints

learningaboutlanguageLanguagePoints

learningabout841．Inspiteofallhiseffortshefailed.盡管很努力，他還是失敗了。[歸納拓展]inspiteof

盡管，雖然inspiteof＝despite，后面跟名詞，代詞或動(dòng)名詞，不能跟從句。although＝though，盡管，雖然。引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。as有時(shí)也引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，但要用部分倒裝語序，即：表語/狀語/謂語＋as＋主語＋謂語1．Inspiteofallhisefforts851、盡管有喧鬧聲也要設(shè)法睡著。(inspiteof)Trytosleepinspiteofthenoise.2、盡管她窮，但她決不向別人低頭。(although)Though/Althoughsheispoor，shenevergivesintoothers.3、盡管這事似乎很奇怪，可是是真的。(as)Strangeasitmayseem，itistrue.4、—Theweatheristoobad.—________thebadweather，Istilltrymybesttomeetmyfriendasplanned.A.InspiteofB.AswellC.HoweverD.AlthoughA1、盡管有喧鬧聲也要設(shè)法睡著。(inspiteof)A862．Hefelthehadtomakeuphismindoneverystepinsteadoftakingrisks.他覺得每一步都要下定決心，而不是冒險(xiǎn)。[歸納拓展]riskn．危險(xiǎn)；風(fēng)險(xiǎn)

atone’sownrisk自擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)atrisk在危險(xiǎn)中attheriskof冒……風(fēng)險(xiǎn)takearisk(risks)冒風(fēng)險(xiǎn)taketheriskofdoingsth冒……風(fēng)險(xiǎn)riskv.冒……風(fēng)險(xiǎn)riskdoingsth.冒險(xiǎn)做某事2．Hefelthehadtomakeuphi871、你可以使用它，但你要責(zé)任自負(fù)。Youcanuseit，butit’satyourownrisk.2、她沒有去，因?yàn)樗幌朊霸僮惨娔釥柕娘L(fēng)險(xiǎn)。Shedidn’tgo，becauseshedidn’twanttorun/taketheriskofseeingNeilagain.3、她冒生命危險(xiǎn)去搶救那個(gè)溺水的兒童。Sheriskedherlifetryingtosavethedrowningchild.1、你可以使用它，但你要責(zé)任自負(fù)。884、Heleftwithoutanumbrella_____inarain.A．riskedgettingcaughtB．riskinggettingcaughtC．torisktogetcaughtD．riskingtogetcaught5、Ifyoudaretotake________riskofnotwearingaseatbelt，youareat________risk.A．the；/B．/；/C．/；theD．the；theBA4、Heleftwithoutanumbrella_893．Ofcoursethebestwaytodealwiththesedrugsisnottogetintothehabitinthefirstplace.當(dāng)然，對(duì)付這些藥品的最好方法是從最初就別開始。[歸納拓展]getinto進(jìn)入，陷于，染上(習(xí)慣)常用短語：getintotrouble/difficulties惹上麻煩getintodebt負(fù)債累累getintoatemper大發(fā)脾氣getintodeepwater陷于困境getintothehabit/wayof養(yǎng)成習(xí)慣，習(xí)慣于3．Ofcoursethebestwaytode904．illegaladj.不合法的，違法的他承認(rèn)他是非法移民。Headmittedthathewasanillegalimmigrant.未經(jīng)允許看別人的私人信件是不合法的。It'sillegaltoreadpeople'sprivateletterswithoutpermission.拓展：Itisillegal(forsb)todosth(某人)做…是違法的legal

adj.合法的；法律的

為什么我就不該放假？那是完全合法的。Whyshouldn'tItakeaholiday?It'