《21世紀(jì)實(shí)用英語(yǔ)第1冊(cè)》Unit 2

PARTILISTENINGCOMPREHENSIONPARTIISPEAKINGDEVELOPMENTPARTIIIINTEGRATEDCOURSEPARTIVREADINGTRAININGPARTVWRITINGWORKEXERCISEBOOKUnit2PARTIIntroducingLISTENINGCOMPREHENSIONWordstoKnowShortConversationsSituationalDialoguesPassageListeningWordstoKnowcolleagueadvertisingpleasureinitiativeShortConversationsDirections:Listentothedialoguesandfillintheblankswiththewordsyouhear.1.A:Idon’tthinkwe’vebeen______________.MynameisDr.Johnson.B:It’sa_______________tomeetyou,Dr.Johnson.I’mPeter.2.A:Mac,I’dlikeyouto________FredHutton.B:It’s_________tomeetyou,Fred.3.A:Ted,mayI___________Gary?B:Howdoyoudo,Joe?I’veoften__________________you.4.A:Ted,thisisCarlFayewho’sjust__________herefromourfactoryinLondon.B:Hi,Carl.I’vebeen_____________________meetingyou.5.A:Doyoutwoknow________________?B:No,Idon’tthinkwe’ve________.

introducedpleasuremeetniceintroduceheardaboutmovedlookingforwardtoeachothermetSituationalDialoguesDialogue1YouwillhearadialoguebetweenCharlesSimmons,acomputerprogrammerandGraceCarson,colleagueofthehostattheparty.

1.Wheredoesthisconversationtakeplace?A.Inacompany.B.Inacomputershop.C.Ataparty.D.Inthestreet.2.Whoisthewoman?A.Sheistheman’sfriend.B.Sheisacomputerprogrammer.C.Sheisasaleswoman.D.Sheisacolleagueofthehost.3.Whatisthewoman’sjob?A.Sheisinbusiness.B.Sheisinadvertising.C.Sheisateacher.D.Sheisasecretary.4.Whatdoesthemando?A.Heisadoctor.B.Heisateacher.C.Heisacomputerprogrammer.D.Heisarepairman.5.Whatdoesthewoman’sbrotherdo?A.Heisacomputerrepairman.B.Heisasalesman.C.Heisanengineer.D.Heisaprofessor.√√√√√Dialogue2Directions:YouwillhearadialoguebetweenTom,anAmericanandJenny,whoisfromArgentina.1.Whatisthewoman’sname?A.Julie.B.Jenny.C.Jane.D.Tom.2.Whereisthewomanfromoriginally?A.Argentina.B.TheUnitedStates.C.Chile.D.Japan.3.AbouthowoldwasthemanwhenhereturnedtotheUnitedStates?A.7yearsold.B.10yearsold.C.17yearsold.D.20yearsold.4.Whatisthemanstudying?A.Physics.B.Biology.C.Psychology.D.Chemistry.5.Whatisthewoman’sjob?A.Salesrepresentative.B.Computerprogrammer.C.Receptionist.D.Secretary.√√√√√SituationalDialoguesPassageListening1.Directions:Listentothepassageandfillinthemissingwordswiththeexactwordsyouhearonthetape.HowToMakeFriendsAtCollegeDoesthatsoundsodifficult?Itisn’t,believeme.Whenyouentercollegeyoufindfriendsofthesame______________.Everyoneouttheremustbelookingoutforfriends.___________youareaveryshyperson,itisveryeasytobefriendswithpeopleofyourclassandcollege.Makingfriendsshouldnotbea_____________atall.Still,itrequires__________andawillingnesstoshowyourselfattimes.Youneedtoopenupandbewelcoming.Firstandforemostdon’twaitforpeopletocomeandintroducethemselvestoyou.____________withintroducingyourself.Onceyouhaveintroducedyourselfitwillbeeasytodotherest.____________parties,sportseventsandspecialoccasionswherepeoplesocialize.Remainopentonew_____________,ideasandvalues.___________peopletojoinyou.Thiswayyoucanmakefriendsfast.Helpoutyourclassmatesorpeoplewhoarein______________.Beco-operative.Don’tbenervousorangryandevenifyouaredon’tshowthatonyourface,otherwisenoonewillliketobewithyou.Throwapartyoccasionallyandattendallpartiesif_____________.Allthiswillhelpyougetthebestfriendsyouwantatcollege.agegroupUnlessproblemeffortStartAttendculturesInvitetroublepossible2.Directions:

Listentothepassageagainandanswerthefollowingquestionsinbrief.(1)Isitdifficulttomakefriendsatcollege?__________________________________________(2)Whatdoyoufindwhenyouentercollege?__________________________________________(3)Whatdoesitrequiretoshowyourselfattimes?__________________________________________(4)Whatwillbethefirststepineffectivelymakingfriendswithothers?__________________________________________(5)Howshouldyoureacttothenewcultures,ideasandvalues?__________________________________________No,itisn’t.Friendsofthesameagegroup.Effortandwillingness.Introducingyourself.Beopen.PassageListeningPARTIISPEAKINGDEVELOPMENT

IntroducingSituationalDialoguesUsefulSentencesandExpressionsNewwordsandExpressionsSituationalDialoguesDialogue1

Mr.SmithiswaitingatanInternationalAirportforhisson’sbestfriend,Jack,whocomestoChinafortravelingforthefirsttimefromSpain.Mr.Smith:Excuseme,areyouJack?Jack:Yes?Mr.Smith:Oh,hello.I’msopleasedtomeetyou.I’mWilliamSmith,Joe’sfather.

Jack:Oh,yes,Mr.Smith.Howdoyoudo?Mr.Smith:Howdoyoudo?Jack:It’sverykindofyoutomeetme.Mr.Smith:Notatall.IheardalotaboutyoufromJoe.Iknowyouaregoodfriends.Jack:Yes.Weworkinthesamedepartmentandhavealotincommon.Manycolleaguessaythatwearelikebrothers.Mr.Smith:I’msohappytohearthat.Andshallwegonow?Mycar’sjustoutsidetheairport.Mywifeiswaitingforusathome.Jack:Sure.Thankyousomuch.SituationalDialoguesDialogue2

TomisintroducingMr.BrowntoDr.Terry.Tom:Mr.Brown,I’dlikeyoutomeetDr.PatrickTerry.Mr.Brown:Howdoyoudo?Dr.Terry:Howdoyoudo?Tom:Dr.Terryisaneconomist.HejustfinishedwritingabookonNorthAmericaandWTO.Mr.Brown:Oh?DoyouworkintheFinanceDepartment,ChicagoUniversity,byanychance?Dr.Terry:Yes.Howdidyouguess?Mr.Brown:I’vereadyouranotherbookoneconomicreformofCanada.It’sexcellent.SituationalDialoguesDialogue3

AnnieisintroducingLucytoPeteratacocktailparty.Peter:Whoisthattallgirlinbluedressoverthere?Annie:ThatisLucyWilson.She’sthenewassistantoftheGeneralManagerofourcompany.Didn’tyoumeetheratRobert’spartylastweek?Peter:No,Iwasn’tatRobert’sparty.Annie:Oh!Thenletmeintroduceyoutohernow…Lucy,thisisPeter,myoldfriendfromuniversity.Lucy:Hi,Peter.I’mgladtomeetyou.Peter:I’mgladtomeetyou,too.Annie:Peterisafashiondesigner.Lucy:Oh,really?Thatmustbeaninterestingjob.Peter:Yes.Can’twesitdownsomewhereandtalk?Lucy:Sure,let’ssitoverthere.Hi!I’m…Hello!I’m…Ibelievewe’vemetbefore.Mynameis…Howdoyoudo？Mynameis…Allowmetointroducemyself.Mynameis…Letmeintroducemyself,bytheway.MayIintroduce…Pleaseletmeintroduce…MayIpresent…？I’dliketointroduce…Howdidyouguess？I’dlikeyoutoknow…Haveyoumet…doyouknow…?Meetmyfriend,…Mr.(Mrs.,Miss)…,thisis…UsefulSentencesandExpressionseconomistfinancereformassistant

fashionWTONewwordsandExpressionsPARTIIIINTEGRATEDCOURSETouringinLondonTextA

TextBNewYorkCityNewWordsandExpressionsComprehensionoftheTextANewWordsandExpressionsComprehensionoftheTextBTouringinLondonTextALondonisacitywithalonghistory.ItisBritain’spolitical,economicandtransportationcentreandisalsothelargestcityinEurope.ThoughBritainisonlyasbigasChina’s

LiaoningProvinceandhasapopulationaboutthesameasGuangdongProvince,itwasoncethemostpowerfulcountryintheworld,anempire“onwhichthesunneversets”.ModernLondonhasanewface;itisnowoneoftheworld’stoptencities.Acitylooksmorelivelywithariverrunningthroughit,crossedbybeautifulbridges.Londonissuchacity.Ifyouvisitit,youmustseeitsworld-famousriver—theThames,andtheuniqueTowerBridgecrossingtheriver.PeoplefamiliarwithBritishhistoryoftensay,“IftherewerenoThames,therewouldbenoLondon.”TheThamesrunslikeawhiteribbonacrossthebluesky,windingitswaythroughLondon’surbanareas.TherearemanyscenicspotsandhistoricalsitesthatmarktheprogressofhumansocietyandtheupsanddownsofBritain.ThemostmagnificentofthesesitesistheTowerBridge,builtin1894,withitsfourtowers.Iflargeshipsneedtopassbelowit,itcanberaised.Whenthebridgewasfirstinuse,itwasraisedasmanyas50timesaday.Todayadvancedautomatedequipmentisusedtoraisethebridge,sotheoldsteamenginesandboilersareoutofserviceandcanonlybeseenintheTowerBridgeMuseum.Becausetherearen’tsomanylargeshipsontherivernow,peoplerarelyseethebridgeraised.TrafalgarSquareisoneofthemostimportantplacesinBritain.ItwasbuiltinmemoryofAdmiralNelson,whohadwonhislastbattleintheSpanishCapeTrafalgar.Afterthevictoryastatuewaserectedrightinthecentreofthecapitalforpeopletolookup.Londonisfamousforitsfriendlypigeons.Ifyouhavesomefoodforthem,youcanactuallygetthemtostandonyourhead,shoulder,oryourhand.Peoplelovetoplaywiththepigeonsandtakepictureswiththem.That’swhythesquareisnicknamed“PigeonSquare”.TouringinLondonDetailedStudyoftheTextA1.Londonisacitywithalonghistory.

倫敦是個(gè)有著悠久歷史的城市。

◆

with：帶有。附有例如：

Sheistheprofessorwiththreedoctor’sdegrees.她是三個(gè)博士學(xué)位的教授。

Youmayseeapicturewiththreechildrenandtwowomeninit.

你可以看到一張有三個(gè)孩子和兩面?zhèn)€婦女的畫(huà)。2.ItisBritain’spolitical,economicandtransportationcentreandisalsothelargestcityinEurope.

它是英國(guó)的政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)和交通中心，也是歐洲最大的城市。3.ThoughBritainisonlyasbigasChina’s

LiaoningProvinceandhasapopulationaboutthesameasGuangdongProvince,itwasoncethemostpowerfulcountryintheworld,anempire“onwhichthesunneversets”.

盡管英國(guó)只有中國(guó)遼寧省那么大，也只有大約廣東省的人口，但它曾經(jīng)卻是世界上最強(qiáng)大的國(guó)家，是個(gè)“日不落帝國(guó)”。

◆

這句話(huà)中有幾個(gè)表示比較的地方，注意用法：asbigas,thesameas,themostpowerful.

例如：

Hersalaryisthesameasmine.她的工資和我一樣多。

Seemingly,thisroseisasbeautifulasthatone.表面上看來(lái)，這朵玫瑰和那朵一樣漂亮。

ShanghaiissaidtobethelargestandrichestcityinChina.據(jù)說(shuō)上海是中國(guó)最大富有的城市。DetailedStudyoftheTextA4.ModernLondonhasanewface;itisnowoneoftheworld’stoptencities.

現(xiàn)代倫敦有了新的面貌，現(xiàn)在它是世界十大著名城市之一。

◆itisnowoneoftheworld’stoptencities.=itisnowoneofthemostfamouscitiesintheworld.

◆

top：highestinposition,rankordegree.

例如：

HewasoneofBritain’stopscientists.他是英國(guó)最有名的科學(xué)家之一。

Shewasdrivingattopspeed.她在以高速開(kāi)車(chē)。5.Acitylooksmorelivelywithariverrunningthroughit,crossedbybeautifulbridges.

城中有河、河上架橋，城市就顯得生機(jī)活潑了起來(lái)。

◆

“crossedbybeautifulbridges.”這是過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)，表示伴隨，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句，即“whichitiscrossedby…”。

例如：

Builtin1950,thebridgeisover50yearsold.這座橋是一九五零年修建的，現(xiàn)在已有五十年的歷史了。

Greatlyinterested,Iaskedhowhegotthebook.我大感興趣，我問(wèn)他是怎樣搞到這本書(shū)的。DetailedStudyoftheTextA6.Londonissuchacity.

倫敦就是這樣一個(gè)城市。7.Ifyouvisitit,youmustseeitsworld-famousriver—theThames,andtheuniqueTowerBridgecrossingtheriver.

如果你去倫敦游玩，一定要看看它那世界著名的河——泰晤士河，以及跨越這條河的獨(dú)特的塔橋。8.PeoplefamiliarwithBritishhistoryoftensay,“IftherewerenoThamestherewouldbenoLondon.”

熟悉英國(guó)歷史的人們經(jīng)常會(huì)說(shuō)：“沒(méi)有泰晤士河，就沒(méi)有倫敦?！?/p>

◆

familiarwith：熟悉。例如：

Weareveryfamiliarwiththislifestyle.我們對(duì)這種生活方式很熟悉。

Sheisfamiliarwithmyhandwriting,soyoucannotcheapher.她熟悉我的字體，你騙不了她。

◆注意比較familiarto的用法。例如：

Thislifestyleisfamiliartous.這種生活方式對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)很熟悉。DetailedStudyoftheTextA9.TheThamesrunslikeawhiteribbonacrossthebluesky,windingitswaythroughLondon’surbanareas.

泰晤士河像一條白色的絲帶橫跨蔚藍(lán)色的天空，蜿蜒的伸向倫敦的郊區(qū)

◆

windone’sway：蜿蜒曲折例如：

Thishighwaywindsitswaythroughthemountainsandleadstoafarawaysmalltown.這條公路蜿蜒曲折地穿過(guò)大山，通往一個(gè)遙遠(yuǎn)的小鎮(zhèn)。

Thesnakewounditswayonthefloor,frighteningthesmallgirltocry.蛇在地板上蜿蜒爬行，把小女孩嚇得大哭。10.TherearemanyscenicspotsandhistoricalsitesthatmarktheprogressofhumansocietyandtheupsanddownsofBritain.

倫敦有著許多風(fēng)景名勝，它們記載著人類(lèi)社會(huì)的進(jìn)步和英國(guó)的衰。

◆

upsanddowns:alternategoodandbadluck幸運(yùn)與不幸運(yùn)的交替。

例如：

Hestuckbyherthroughalllife’supsanddowns.他對(duì)她始終不渝，同甘共苦。

Everyonehashisupsanddowns.每個(gè)人都有自己的幸運(yùn)與不幸。DetailedStudyoftheTextA11.ThemostmagnificentofthesesitesistheTowerBridge,builtin1894,withitsfourtowers.

這些景區(qū)中最壯觀的要數(shù)塔橋了，它和它的另外四座塔一起被建于

1894年。

builtin1894是過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)，修飾theTowerBridge，說(shuō)明“塔橋是

1894年被修建的”。

例如：

Thisbook,written500yearsago,isabouthowtoplantcotton.這本書(shū)是500年前寫(xiě)的，是關(guān)于如何種棉花的。12.Iflargeshipsneedtopassbelowit,itcanberaised.

當(dāng)大輪船要經(jīng)過(guò)它時(shí)，它就可以被提起來(lái)。13.Whenthebridgewasfirstinuse,itwasraisedasmanyas50timesaday.

塔橋第一次被使用的時(shí)候，每天被提升了50次。

as+many,muchetc.:as+數(shù)字意思是“多達(dá)……”。

例如：

Thereareasmanyassixtystudentsinourclass.我們班的學(xué)生多達(dá)六十人。

Thebridgeisaslongasover2,000metres.這座橋長(zhǎng)達(dá)兩千多米。

Theelephantisasweightyastwotons.這個(gè)大象重達(dá)兩噸。DetailedStudyoftheTextA14.Todayadvancedautomatedequipmentisusedtoraisethebridge,sotheoldsteamenginesandboilersareoutofserviceandcanonlybeseenintheTowerBridgeMuseum.

如今，先進(jìn)的現(xiàn)代化設(shè)備被用來(lái)提升橋，因此那些古老的蒸汽發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)和汽鍋就派不上用場(chǎng)了，且只有在塔橋博物館才能看見(jiàn)。

◆

beusedtodosomething:是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式，意思是“被用來(lái)做……”，注意區(qū)別beusedtodoingsomething（習(xí)慣于做……）和usedtodosomething（過(guò)去常常做……）。例如：

Whatisitusedtodo?這是用來(lái)干什么的？

Lifehereismucheasierthanitusedtobe.如今，在此地的生活比起以前可舒服多了。

WhenIwasyoungIwasusedtowalkinglongdistances.在我年青的時(shí)候，我習(xí)慣于長(zhǎng)距離的步行。

◆

outofservice:uselessorhelpless

例如：

Iwasoutofservicewhileyouwereintrouble.當(dāng)你有困難的時(shí)候，我卻幫不上忙。

Someoftheserulesareoutofservice.有些法規(guī)已經(jīng)失效了。15.Becausetherearen’tsomanylargeshipsontherivernow,peoplerarelyseethebridgeraised.

由于現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有那么多的大型船只要經(jīng)過(guò)泰晤士河，因此人們也很少能夠看見(jiàn)橋被提起來(lái)。

◆同builtin1894一樣，raised也是過(guò)去分詞，表示被動(dòng)。

例如：

Didyouseetheboybeaten?你看到過(guò)這個(gè)孩子挨打嗎？

TheyfoundtheirchickensandducksstolenduringtheBritain.他們發(fā)現(xiàn)他們的雞鴨在夜間被盜了。16.TrafalgarSquareisoneofthemostimportantplacesinBritain.

特拉法爾加廣場(chǎng)是英國(guó)最重要的地方之一。

◆

oneof…：……之一

例如：

Areyouoneofthefourmembersgoingtothemeetingthisafternoon?你是下午參加會(huì)談的四個(gè)成員之一嗎？

Japanisoneofthemostdevelopedcountriesintheworld.日本是世界最發(fā)達(dá)的國(guó)家之一。DetailedStudyoftheTextA17.ItwasbuiltinmemoryofAdmiralNelson,whohadwonhislastbattleintheSpanishCapeTrafalgar.

它是為紀(jì)念納爾遜而建立的，因?yàn)榧{爾遜在西班牙特拉法加角海戰(zhàn)中取得了他最后一次戰(zhàn)役的勝利。

◆

inmemoryofsomeone=tothememoryofsomeone作為對(duì)某人的紀(jì)念;紀(jì)念某人。例如:Hefoundedthecharityinmemoryofhislatewife.他興辦那項(xiàng)慈善事業(yè)以紀(jì)念他已故的妻子。

Shesetupthecharitabletrustinmemoryofherfather.她設(shè)立了慈善（信托）基金以紀(jì)念他的父親。18.Afterthevictoryastatuewaserectedrightinthecentreofthecapitalforpeopletolookup.

那以后，人們就在首都的正中心建了一座雕塑以供敬仰。

◆lookuptosomeone:admireorrespectsomeone贊揚(yáng)或尊敬某人.

例如:Shehasalwayslookeduptoherfather.她一向崇敬父親。

Everycitizenshouldlookuptotheheroeswhohavesetgoodexamplestous.每個(gè)公民都應(yīng)當(dāng)尊敬給我們樹(shù)立了好榜樣的英雄們。DetailedStudyoftheTextA19.Londonisfamousforitsfriendlypigeons.

倫敦以它友好的鴿子而聞名。

◆befamousfor：以……而聞名

例如：

Thiswriteridfamousforhisgreatbooks.這位作家以他偉大著作而聞名。

Shenzhenisfamousforitshigh-speeddevelopment.深圳與其高速發(fā)展而聞名。20.Ifyouhavesomefoodforthem,youcanactuallygetthemtostandonyourhead,shoulder,oryourhand.

如果你喂些食物給他們，它們就會(huì)站在你的頭上、肩上和手上。

◆

getsomeonetodosomething:讓…做…。類(lèi)似的表達(dá)方法有g(shù)etsomethingdone.

例如：

Iwellgetthestudentstomoveallthedesksandchairstothenextclassroom.我會(huì)讓學(xué)生把所有的桌椅都搬到隔壁的教室去。

Iwellgetallthedesksandchairsmovedtothenextclassroom.我會(huì)找人把所有的桌椅都搬到隔壁的教室去。21.Peoplelovetoplaywiththepigeonsandtakepictureswiththem.

人們喜歡與鴿子一起玩耍并且一起合照。22.That’swhythesquareisnicknamed“PigeonSquare”.

這也是廣場(chǎng)被昵稱(chēng)為“鴿子廣場(chǎng)”的原因。

DetailedStudyoftheTextA1.transportation2.powerful3.empire 4.lively5.unique 6.ribbon7.wind 8.urban9.scenic 10.magnificent11.automate 12.steam13.rarely 14.statue15.erect 16.pigeon

17.nickname 18.AdmiralNelson19.SpanishCapeTrafalgarNewWordsandExpressionsComprehensionoftheTextA1.Directions：Answerthefollowingquestionstothetext.(1)HowdoyouunderstandBritainwasanempire,“onwhichthesunneversets”?Britainwasthemostpowerfulcountryatthattimeandhadmanycoloniesintheeastandinthewest.(2)WhatisLondonfamousfor?LondonisfamousfortheThamesandtheuniqueTowerBridge.

(3)WhatisthespecialfeatureoftheTowerBridge?Itcanberaisedinordertoallowlargeshipsbelowtopass.(4)What’stherelationshipbetweenTrafalgarSquareandAdmiralNelson?TrafalgarSquarewasbuiltinmemoryofAdmiralNelson.(5)WhyisTrafalgarSquarenicknamed“PigeonSquare”?TherearealotofpigeonsonTrafalgarSquare.2.Directions：

Generalizethemainideaofeachparagraph.(useaphrase)

.ComprehensionoftheTextA(1)London’sstatus(2)BeautifulThamesandtheTowerBridge(3)“PigeonSquare”NewYorkCityTextBNewYorkCityisthelargestcityintheUnitedStatesandthelargestintheworld.FacingtheAtlantic,itisonthenortheasterncoastoftheUnitedStates,andmostofthecityisbuiltonisland.Itisoneoftheworld’smostimportantcentersoffinance,industry,andculture.LocatedatthemouthoftheHudsonRiver,NewYorkCityisthebusiestportofthecountry.Ithandlesaboutonethirdofthecountry’sinternationalshippingandcanhandlemoreshipsthananyotherportintheworld.Everydayhundredsofshipsbringinoil,sugar,coffee,tea,fruit,paperandmanyotherproducts.NewYorkalsoshipswheat,flour,cars,machines,andmanykindsofready-madegoodstootherportsinthecountryandintheworld.Thecityproducesnearlyaquarterofthecountry’stotalmanufactures.ThecenterofNewYork’sbusinessworldisWallStreet,whoseinfluenceisfeltbythewholenationandprobablybycountrieseverywhereintheworld.

NewYorkisanexcitingcity.SplendidisthearchitectureofManhattan,theheartofthecity,withitsonehundredandmoreskyscrapers.ThemostfamousamongthemaretheEmpireStateBuilding,theUnitedNationsHeadquarters,RockefellerCenter,andtheWorldTreadCenter.Thematerialused—copper,stainlesssteel,concrete,andglass—givethebuildingsastrikingbeauty.NearlyallthestreetsareinstraightlinesrunningfromEasttoWest.ThoserunningfromNorthtoSoutharecalledavenues.Thestreetsandavenues,formingsquares,or“blocks”,arelinedwithmanyexpensivestoresandhugeapartmenthouses.ThemostcrowedpartofthecityisperhapsHarlem,wheremostlyBlackAmericanslives.Therethehousesareinworseconditionthananywhereelse—old,dirty,needingrepairs,andsometimesdangerous.Thecrimeratethereisamongthehighestinthewesternworld.MakingFriends(2)DetailedStudyoftheTextB1.NewYorkCityisthelargestcityintheUnitedStatesandthelargestintheworld.

紐約是美國(guó)乃至全球最大的城市。2.FacingtheAtlantic,itisonthenortheasterncoastoftheUnitedStates,andmostofthecityisbuiltonisland.

它面向大西洋坐落于美國(guó)的東北海岸,且全城大部分建于島上.◆facingtheAtlantic是現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)句子，即NewYorkCityfacestheAtlantic.英語(yǔ)的一個(gè)句子中不能有兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句，所以其中一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句通常改為不定式現(xiàn)在分詞或過(guò)去分詞等形式。

例如：

Seenfromthesky,thecitylookslikeabiggarden.從空中看，這座城市就像個(gè)大花園。

Topassthefinalexamination,theyworkedhardattheirlessonsdayandnight.這了期末考試及格，他們?nèi)找古亓?xí)功課。3.Itisoneoftheworld’smostimportantcentersoffinance,industry,andculture.

紐約是全球最大金融、工業(yè)與文化中心之一。4.LocatedatthemouthoftheHudsonRiver,NewYorkCityisthebusiestportofthecountry.

位于哈德遜河口的紐約是全美最繁忙的港口。

◆

belocatedin/at/on：besituated位于，處于，座落在

例如：

Anewfactoryistobelocatedonthissite.新廠擬建于此。

Locatedinthecitycenter,thesupermarkethasmanycustomerseveryday.這家伙位于城市中心一超市每天都有很多顧客。DetailedStudyoftheTextB5.Ithandlesaboutonethirdofthecountry’sinternationalshippingandcanhandlemoreshipsthananyotherportintheworld.

紐約港處理著美國(guó)三分之一的國(guó)際航運(yùn)并且它的船舶吞吐量超過(guò)世界上其他任何港口。

◆分?jǐn)?shù)詞的表達(dá)式，采用“基數(shù)詞+序數(shù)詞”的方法。如果分子是

1，則分每直接用序數(shù)詞表示；如果分子大于1，則分每要用序數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)來(lái)表示。例如：

onethird三分之一

twothirds三分之二

threefifthsofthestudents五分之三的學(xué)生還可以用其他方法表示分?jǐn)?shù)，如aquarter（四分之一）DetailedStudyoftheTextB6.Everydayhundredsofshipsbringinoil,sugar,coffee,tea,fruit,paperandmanyotherproducts.

每天，成百上千的輪船載來(lái)油、糖、咖啡、茶、水果、紙張以及大量其它產(chǎn)品。

◆

bringin帶來(lái)；引進(jìn)；產(chǎn)生；收獲例如：

Hisfreelanceworkbrings(him)in5000ayear.他從事自由職業(yè)每年可獲5000英鎊。

Theybroughtexperiencedpeopleintohelp.他們請(qǐng)有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的人來(lái)幫忙7.NewYorkalsoshipswheat,flour,cars,machines,andmanykindsofready-madegoodstootherportsinthecountryandintheworld.

同時(shí)又裝著小麥、面粉、汽車(chē)、機(jī)器以及種類(lèi)繁多的現(xiàn)貨和成品到美國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)和國(guó)外的其它港口。

◆ready-made:(esp.ofclothes)notmadespeciallyforthebuyer;abletobewornatonce現(xiàn)成的，做好的。ready-madegoods引申為方便的、立即可用的物品。DetailedStudyoftheTextB8.Thecityproducesnearlyaquarterofthecountry’stotalmanufactures.

紐約的產(chǎn)量占到全國(guó)將近四分之一。9.ThecenterofNewYork’sbusinessworldisWallStreet,whoseinfluenceisfeltbythewholenationandprobablybycountrieseverywhereintheworld.

作為紐約金融中心的華爾街，其影響力遍布全國(guó)乃至全球。

◆whole引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，與其修飾的部分WallStreet的關(guān)系不緊密。例如：

Thecombinationofsatellites,whichtransmitinformation,computers,whichstoreinformation,andtelevision,whichdisplaysinformation,willchangeeveryhomeintoaneducationandentertainmentcenter.衛(wèi)星能傳輸信息，計(jì)算機(jī)能儲(chǔ)存信息，電視機(jī)能顯示信息，把這些手段結(jié)合起來(lái)可以使每個(gè)家庭都成為教育娛樂(lè)的中心。（此名中，三個(gè)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句分別對(duì)三個(gè)先行詞satellites,computers和television進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充、說(shuō)明。如果去掉這三個(gè)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，那么句子可簡(jiǎn)化為：Thecombinationofsatellites,computersandtelevisionwillchangeeveryhomeintoaneducationandentertainmentcenter.）DetailedStudyoftheTextB10.NewYorkisanexcitingcity.

紐約是一個(gè)令人興奮的城市。11.SplendidisthearchitectureofManhattan,theheartofthecity,withitsonehundredandmoreskyscrapers.

作為紐約心臟的曼哈頓以富麗堂皇的建筑而聞名，有著100多座摩天大樓。

◆此句為倒裝句，因主語(yǔ)帶有較長(zhǎng)的說(shuō)明語(yǔ)而后置。例如：

MoreseriouswasthequestionofhowthePresidentwouldpresentthejointannouncement.總統(tǒng)將如何發(fā)表聯(lián)合申明是更為重要的問(wèn)題。

Outrushedthestudentstowelcometheforeignfriends.學(xué)生們涌出去歡迎外國(guó)朋友。DetailedStudyoftheTextB12.ThemostfamousamongthemaretheEmpireStateBuilding,theUnitedNationsHeadquarters,andRockefellerCenter.

其中最出名的有帝國(guó)大廈，聯(lián)合國(guó)總部，洛克菲勒中心。

◆

among：在……之中例如：

Amongus,sheisthoughttobethemostbeautifulandthecleverestgirl.

在我們之中，她被認(rèn)為是最漂亮最聰明的女孩。

TheSeatleInternationalAirportisamongthebusiestintheworld.西雅圖國(guó)際機(jī)場(chǎng)是世界最繁忙的機(jī)場(chǎng)之一。13.Thematerialused—copper,stainlesssteel,concrete,andglass—givethebuildingsastrikingbeauty.

這些建筑所用材料包括銅、不銹鋼、混凝土和玻璃，從而賦予這些大廈以震撼美。14.NearlyallthestreetsareinstraightlinesrunningfromEasttoWest.

幾乎所有的街道都呈直線。DetailedStudyoftheTextB15.ThoserunningfromNorthtoSoutharecalledavenues.

那些南北走向的叫做大道。

◆

avenue,street:根據(jù)美國(guó)的道路規(guī)劃，avenue比street要長(zhǎng)要寬。在美國(guó)城市里avenue指南北走向的道路，而street則指東西走向的道路。16.Thestreetsandavenues,formingsquares,or“blocks”,arelinedwithmanyexpensivestoresandhugeapartmenthouses.

大道和緯路構(gòu)成廣場(chǎng)或街區(qū)，兩旁是昂貴的精品店和龐大的公寓。

◆

belinedwith:havesomethingplacedinlineorinlinesalong

被……排滿(mǎn)例如：

Downthestreetislinedwithmanysmallbookstores.沿著街道是成排小書(shū)店。

◆類(lèi)似的還有becrowdedwith(被……擠滿(mǎn))，bestockedwith(被……堆滿(mǎn))，becoveredwith(被……蓋住)，bewrappedwith(被……包住)。DetailedStudyoftheTextB17.ThemostcrowedpartofthecityisperhapsHarlem,wheremostlyBlackAmericanslives.

紐約最擁擠的地方也許是哈萊姆，這里居住著大量的黑人18.Therethehousesareinworseconditionthananywhereelse—old,dirty,needingrepairs,andsometimesdangerous.

并且這里的居住條件是最差的：都是又臟又舊需要搶修的危房。

◆

in…condit