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PARTILISTENINGCOMPREHENSIONPARTIISPEAKINGDEVELOPMENTPARTIIIINTEGRATEDCOURSEPARTIVREADINGTRAININGPARTVWRITINGWORKEXERCISEBOOKUnit2PARTIIntroducingLISTENINGCOMPREHENSIONWordstoKnowShortConversationsSituationalDialoguesPassageListeningWordstoKnowcolleagueadvertisingpleasureinitiativeShortConversationsDirections:Listentothedialoguesandfillintheblankswiththewordsyouhear.1.A:Idon’tthinkwe’vebeen______________.MynameisDr.Johnson.B:It’sa_______________tomeetyou,Dr.Johnson.I’mPeter.2.A:Mac,I’dlikeyouto________FredHutton.B:It’s_________tomeetyou,Fred.3.A:Ted,mayI___________Gary?B:Howdoyoudo,Joe?I’veoften__________________you.4.A:Ted,thisisCarlFayewho’sjust__________herefromourfactoryinLondon.B:Hi,Carl.I’vebeen_____________________meetingyou.5.A:Doyoutwoknow________________?B:No,Idon’tthinkwe’ve________.
introducedpleasuremeetniceintroduceheardaboutmovedlookingforwardtoeachothermetSituationalDialoguesDialogue1YouwillhearadialoguebetweenCharlesSimmons,acomputerprogrammerandGraceCarson,colleagueofthehostattheparty.
1.Wheredoesthisconversationtakeplace?A.Inacompany.B.Inacomputershop.C.Ataparty.D.Inthestreet.2.Whoisthewoman?A.Sheistheman’sfriend.B.Sheisacomputerprogrammer.C.Sheisasaleswoman.D.Sheisacolleagueofthehost.3.Whatisthewoman’sjob?A.Sheisinbusiness.B.Sheisinadvertising.C.Sheisateacher.D.Sheisasecretary.4.Whatdoesthemando?A.Heisadoctor.B.Heisateacher.C.Heisacomputerprogrammer.D.Heisarepairman.5.Whatdoesthewoman’sbrotherdo?A.Heisacomputerrepairman.B.Heisasalesman.C.Heisanengineer.D.Heisaprofessor.√√√√√Dialogue2Directions:YouwillhearadialoguebetweenTom,anAmericanandJenny,whoisfromArgentina.1.Whatisthewoman’sname?A.Julie.B.Jenny.C.Jane.D.Tom.2.Whereisthewomanfromoriginally?A.Argentina.B.TheUnitedStates.C.Chile.D.Japan.3.AbouthowoldwasthemanwhenhereturnedtotheUnitedStates?A.7yearsold.B.10yearsold.C.17yearsold.D.20yearsold.4.Whatisthemanstudying?A.Physics.B.Biology.C.Psychology.D.Chemistry.5.Whatisthewoman’sjob?A.Salesrepresentative.B.Computerprogrammer.C.Receptionist.D.Secretary.√√√√√SituationalDialoguesPassageListening1.Directions:Listentothepassageandfillinthemissingwordswiththeexactwordsyouhearonthetape.HowToMakeFriendsAtCollegeDoesthatsoundsodifficult?Itisn’t,believeme.Whenyouentercollegeyoufindfriendsofthesame______________.Everyoneouttheremustbelookingoutforfriends.___________youareaveryshyperson,itisveryeasytobefriendswithpeopleofyourclassandcollege.Makingfriendsshouldnotbea_____________atall.Still,itrequires__________andawillingnesstoshowyourselfattimes.Youneedtoopenupandbewelcoming.Firstandforemostdon’twaitforpeopletocomeandintroducethemselvestoyou.____________withintroducingyourself.Onceyouhaveintroducedyourselfitwillbeeasytodotherest.____________parties,sportseventsandspecialoccasionswherepeoplesocialize.Remainopentonew_____________,ideasandvalues.___________peopletojoinyou.Thiswayyoucanmakefriendsfast.Helpoutyourclassmatesorpeoplewhoarein______________.Beco-operative.Don’tbenervousorangryandevenifyouaredon’tshowthatonyourface,otherwisenoonewillliketobewithyou.Throwapartyoccasionallyandattendallpartiesif_____________.Allthiswillhelpyougetthebestfriendsyouwantatcollege.agegroupUnlessproblemeffortStartAttendculturesInvitetroublepossible2.Directions:
Listentothepassageagainandanswerthefollowingquestionsinbrief.(1)Isitdifficulttomakefriendsatcollege?__________________________________________(2)Whatdoyoufindwhenyouentercollege?__________________________________________(3)Whatdoesitrequiretoshowyourselfattimes?__________________________________________(4)Whatwillbethefirststepineffectivelymakingfriendswithothers?__________________________________________(5)Howshouldyoureacttothenewcultures,ideasandvalues?__________________________________________No,itisn’t.Friendsofthesameagegroup.Effortandwillingness.Introducingyourself.Beopen.PassageListeningPARTIISPEAKINGDEVELOPMENT
IntroducingSituationalDialoguesUsefulSentencesandExpressionsNewwordsandExpressionsSituationalDialoguesDialogue1
Mr.SmithiswaitingatanInternationalAirportforhisson’sbestfriend,Jack,whocomestoChinafortravelingforthefirsttimefromSpain.Mr.Smith:Excuseme,areyouJack?Jack:Yes?Mr.Smith:Oh,hello.I’msopleasedtomeetyou.I’mWilliamSmith,Joe’sfather.
Jack:Oh,yes,Mr.Smith.Howdoyoudo?Mr.Smith:Howdoyoudo?Jack:It’sverykindofyoutomeetme.Mr.Smith:Notatall.IheardalotaboutyoufromJoe.Iknowyouaregoodfriends.Jack:Yes.Weworkinthesamedepartmentandhavealotincommon.Manycolleaguessaythatwearelikebrothers.Mr.Smith:I’msohappytohearthat.Andshallwegonow?Mycar’sjustoutsidetheairport.Mywifeiswaitingforusathome.Jack:Sure.Thankyousomuch.SituationalDialoguesDialogue2
TomisintroducingMr.BrowntoDr.Terry.Tom:Mr.Brown,I’dlikeyoutomeetDr.PatrickTerry.Mr.Brown:Howdoyoudo?Dr.Terry:Howdoyoudo?Tom:Dr.Terryisaneconomist.HejustfinishedwritingabookonNorthAmericaandWTO.Mr.Brown:Oh?DoyouworkintheFinanceDepartment,ChicagoUniversity,byanychance?Dr.Terry:Yes.Howdidyouguess?Mr.Brown:I’vereadyouranotherbookoneconomicreformofCanada.It’sexcellent.SituationalDialoguesDialogue3
AnnieisintroducingLucytoPeteratacocktailparty.Peter:Whoisthattallgirlinbluedressoverthere?Annie:ThatisLucyWilson.She’sthenewassistantoftheGeneralManagerofourcompany.Didn’tyoumeetheratRobert’spartylastweek?Peter:No,Iwasn’tatRobert’sparty.Annie:Oh!Thenletmeintroduceyoutohernow…Lucy,thisisPeter,myoldfriendfromuniversity.Lucy:Hi,Peter.I’mgladtomeetyou.Peter:I’mgladtomeetyou,too.Annie:Peterisafashiondesigner.Lucy:Oh,really?Thatmustbeaninterestingjob.Peter:Yes.Can’twesitdownsomewhereandtalk?Lucy:Sure,let’ssitoverthere.Hi!I’m…Hello!I’m…Ibelievewe’vemetbefore.Mynameis…Howdoyoudo?Mynameis…Allowmetointroducemyself.Mynameis…Letmeintroducemyself,bytheway.MayIintroduce…Pleaseletmeintroduce…MayIpresent…?I’dliketointroduce…Howdidyouguess?I’dlikeyoutoknow…Haveyoumet…doyouknow…?Meetmyfriend,…Mr.(Mrs.,Miss)…,thisis…UsefulSentencesandExpressionseconomistfinancereformassistant
fashionWTONewwordsandExpressionsPARTIIIINTEGRATEDCOURSETouringinLondonTextA
TextBNewYorkCityNewWordsandExpressionsComprehensionoftheTextANewWordsandExpressionsComprehensionoftheTextBTouringinLondonTextALondonisacitywithalonghistory.ItisBritain’spolitical,economicandtransportationcentreandisalsothelargestcityinEurope.ThoughBritainisonlyasbigasChina’s
LiaoningProvinceandhasapopulationaboutthesameasGuangdongProvince,itwasoncethemostpowerfulcountryintheworld,anempire“onwhichthesunneversets”.ModernLondonhasanewface;itisnowoneoftheworld’stoptencities.Acitylooksmorelivelywithariverrunningthroughit,crossedbybeautifulbridges.Londonissuchacity.Ifyouvisitit,youmustseeitsworld-famousriver—theThames,andtheuniqueTowerBridgecrossingtheriver.PeoplefamiliarwithBritishhistoryoftensay,“IftherewerenoThames,therewouldbenoLondon.”TheThamesrunslikeawhiteribbonacrossthebluesky,windingitswaythroughLondon’surbanareas.TherearemanyscenicspotsandhistoricalsitesthatmarktheprogressofhumansocietyandtheupsanddownsofBritain.ThemostmagnificentofthesesitesistheTowerBridge,builtin1894,withitsfourtowers.Iflargeshipsneedtopassbelowit,itcanberaised.Whenthebridgewasfirstinuse,itwasraisedasmanyas50timesaday.Todayadvancedautomatedequipmentisusedtoraisethebridge,sotheoldsteamenginesandboilersareoutofserviceandcanonlybeseenintheTowerBridgeMuseum.Becausetherearen’tsomanylargeshipsontherivernow,peoplerarelyseethebridgeraised.TrafalgarSquareisoneofthemostimportantplacesinBritain.ItwasbuiltinmemoryofAdmiralNelson,whohadwonhislastbattleintheSpanishCapeTrafalgar.Afterthevictoryastatuewaserectedrightinthecentreofthecapitalforpeopletolookup.Londonisfamousforitsfriendlypigeons.Ifyouhavesomefoodforthem,youcanactuallygetthemtostandonyourhead,shoulder,oryourhand.Peoplelovetoplaywiththepigeonsandtakepictureswiththem.That’swhythesquareisnicknamed“PigeonSquare”.TouringinLondonDetailedStudyoftheTextA1.Londonisacitywithalonghistory.
倫敦是個(gè)有著悠久歷史的城市。
◆
with:帶有。附有例如:
Sheistheprofessorwiththreedoctor’sdegrees.她是三個(gè)博士學(xué)位的教授。
Youmayseeapicturewiththreechildrenandtwowomeninit.
你可以看到一張有三個(gè)孩子和兩面?zhèn)€婦女的畫(huà)。2.ItisBritain’spolitical,economicandtransportationcentreandisalsothelargestcityinEurope.
它是英國(guó)的政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)和交通中心,也是歐洲最大的城市。3.ThoughBritainisonlyasbigasChina’s
LiaoningProvinceandhasapopulationaboutthesameasGuangdongProvince,itwasoncethemostpowerfulcountryintheworld,anempire“onwhichthesunneversets”.
盡管英國(guó)只有中國(guó)遼寧省那么大,也只有大約廣東省的人口,但它曾經(jīng)卻是世界上最強(qiáng)大的國(guó)家,是個(gè)“日不落帝國(guó)”。
◆
這句話(huà)中有幾個(gè)表示比較的地方,注意用法:asbigas,thesameas,themostpowerful.
例如:
Hersalaryisthesameasmine.她的工資和我一樣多。
Seemingly,thisroseisasbeautifulasthatone.表面上看來(lái),這朵玫瑰和那朵一樣漂亮。
ShanghaiissaidtobethelargestandrichestcityinChina.據(jù)說(shuō)上海是中國(guó)最大富有的城市。DetailedStudyoftheTextA4.ModernLondonhasanewface;itisnowoneoftheworld’stoptencities.
現(xiàn)代倫敦有了新的面貌,現(xiàn)在它是世界十大著名城市之一。
◆itisnowoneoftheworld’stoptencities.=itisnowoneofthemostfamouscitiesintheworld.
◆
top:highestinposition,rankordegree.
例如:
HewasoneofBritain’stopscientists.他是英國(guó)最有名的科學(xué)家之一。
Shewasdrivingattopspeed.她在以高速開(kāi)車(chē)。5.Acitylooksmorelivelywithariverrunningthroughit,crossedbybeautifulbridges.
城中有河、河上架橋,城市就顯得生機(jī)活潑了起來(lái)。
◆
“crossedbybeautifulbridges.”這是過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ),表示伴隨,相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句,即“whichitiscrossedby…”。
例如:
Builtin1950,thebridgeisover50yearsold.這座橋是一九五零年修建的,現(xiàn)在已有五十年的歷史了。
Greatlyinterested,Iaskedhowhegotthebook.我大感興趣,我問(wèn)他是怎樣搞到這本書(shū)的。DetailedStudyoftheTextA6.Londonissuchacity.
倫敦就是這樣一個(gè)城市。7.Ifyouvisitit,youmustseeitsworld-famousriver—theThames,andtheuniqueTowerBridgecrossingtheriver.
如果你去倫敦游玩,一定要看看它那世界著名的河——泰晤士河,以及跨越這條河的獨(dú)特的塔橋。8.PeoplefamiliarwithBritishhistoryoftensay,“IftherewerenoThamestherewouldbenoLondon.”
熟悉英國(guó)歷史的人們經(jīng)常會(huì)說(shuō):“沒(méi)有泰晤士河,就沒(méi)有倫敦?!?/p>
◆
familiarwith:熟悉。例如:
Weareveryfamiliarwiththislifestyle.我們對(duì)這種生活方式很熟悉。
Sheisfamiliarwithmyhandwriting,soyoucannotcheapher.她熟悉我的字體,你騙不了她。
◆注意比較familiarto的用法。例如:
Thislifestyleisfamiliartous.這種生活方式對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)很熟悉。DetailedStudyoftheTextA9.TheThamesrunslikeawhiteribbonacrossthebluesky,windingitswaythroughLondon’surbanareas.
泰晤士河像一條白色的絲帶橫跨蔚藍(lán)色的天空,蜿蜒的伸向倫敦的郊區(qū)
◆
windone’sway:蜿蜒曲折例如:
Thishighwaywindsitswaythroughthemountainsandleadstoafarawaysmalltown.這條公路蜿蜒曲折地穿過(guò)大山,通往一個(gè)遙遠(yuǎn)的小鎮(zhèn)。
Thesnakewounditswayonthefloor,frighteningthesmallgirltocry.蛇在地板上蜿蜒爬行,把小女孩嚇得大哭。10.TherearemanyscenicspotsandhistoricalsitesthatmarktheprogressofhumansocietyandtheupsanddownsofBritain.
倫敦有著許多風(fēng)景名勝,它們記載著人類(lèi)社會(huì)的進(jìn)步和英國(guó)的衰。
◆
upsanddowns:alternategoodandbadluck幸運(yùn)與不幸運(yùn)的交替。
例如:
Hestuckbyherthroughalllife’supsanddowns.他對(duì)她始終不渝,同甘共苦。
Everyonehashisupsanddowns.每個(gè)人都有自己的幸運(yùn)與不幸。DetailedStudyoftheTextA11.ThemostmagnificentofthesesitesistheTowerBridge,builtin1894,withitsfourtowers.
這些景區(qū)中最壯觀的要數(shù)塔橋了,它和它的另外四座塔一起被建于
1894年。
builtin1894是過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ),修飾theTowerBridge,說(shuō)明“塔橋是
1894年被修建的”。
例如:
Thisbook,written500yearsago,isabouthowtoplantcotton.這本書(shū)是500年前寫(xiě)的,是關(guān)于如何種棉花的。12.Iflargeshipsneedtopassbelowit,itcanberaised.
當(dāng)大輪船要經(jīng)過(guò)它時(shí),它就可以被提起來(lái)。13.Whenthebridgewasfirstinuse,itwasraisedasmanyas50timesaday.
塔橋第一次被使用的時(shí)候,每天被提升了50次。
as+many,muchetc.:as+數(shù)字意思是“多達(dá)……”。
例如:
Thereareasmanyassixtystudentsinourclass.我們班的學(xué)生多達(dá)六十人。
Thebridgeisaslongasover2,000metres.這座橋長(zhǎng)達(dá)兩千多米。
Theelephantisasweightyastwotons.這個(gè)大象重達(dá)兩噸。DetailedStudyoftheTextA14.Todayadvancedautomatedequipmentisusedtoraisethebridge,sotheoldsteamenginesandboilersareoutofserviceandcanonlybeseenintheTowerBridgeMuseum.
如今,先進(jìn)的現(xiàn)代化設(shè)備被用來(lái)提升橋,因此那些古老的蒸汽發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)和汽鍋就派不上用場(chǎng)了,且只有在塔橋博物館才能看見(jiàn)。
◆
beusedtodosomething:是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式,意思是“被用來(lái)做……”,注意區(qū)別beusedtodoingsomething(習(xí)慣于做……)和usedtodosomething(過(guò)去常常做……)。例如:
Whatisitusedtodo?這是用來(lái)干什么的?
Lifehereismucheasierthanitusedtobe.如今,在此地的生活比起以前可舒服多了。
WhenIwasyoungIwasusedtowalkinglongdistances.在我年青的時(shí)候,我習(xí)慣于長(zhǎng)距離的步行。
◆
outofservice:uselessorhelpless
例如:
Iwasoutofservicewhileyouwereintrouble.當(dāng)你有困難的時(shí)候,我卻幫不上忙。
Someoftheserulesareoutofservice.有些法規(guī)已經(jīng)失效了。15.Becausetherearen’tsomanylargeshipsontherivernow,peoplerarelyseethebridgeraised.
由于現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有那么多的大型船只要經(jīng)過(guò)泰晤士河,因此人們也很少能夠看見(jiàn)橋被提起來(lái)。
◆同builtin1894一樣,raised也是過(guò)去分詞,表示被動(dòng)。
例如:
Didyouseetheboybeaten?你看到過(guò)這個(gè)孩子挨打嗎?
TheyfoundtheirchickensandducksstolenduringtheBritain.他們發(fā)現(xiàn)他們的雞鴨在夜間被盜了。16.TrafalgarSquareisoneofthemostimportantplacesinBritain.
特拉法爾加廣場(chǎng)是英國(guó)最重要的地方之一。
◆
oneof…:……之一
例如:
Areyouoneofthefourmembersgoingtothemeetingthisafternoon?你是下午參加會(huì)談的四個(gè)成員之一嗎?
Japanisoneofthemostdevelopedcountriesintheworld.日本是世界最發(fā)達(dá)的國(guó)家之一。DetailedStudyoftheTextA17.ItwasbuiltinmemoryofAdmiralNelson,whohadwonhislastbattleintheSpanishCapeTrafalgar.
它是為紀(jì)念納爾遜而建立的,因?yàn)榧{爾遜在西班牙特拉法加角海戰(zhàn)中取得了他最后一次戰(zhàn)役的勝利。
◆
inmemoryofsomeone=tothememoryofsomeone作為對(duì)某人的紀(jì)念;紀(jì)念某人。例如:Hefoundedthecharityinmemoryofhislatewife.他興辦那項(xiàng)慈善事業(yè)以紀(jì)念他已故的妻子。
Shesetupthecharitabletrustinmemoryofherfather.她設(shè)立了慈善(信托)基金以紀(jì)念他的父親。18.Afterthevictoryastatuewaserectedrightinthecentreofthecapitalforpeopletolookup.
那以后,人們就在首都的正中心建了一座雕塑以供敬仰。
◆lookuptosomeone:admireorrespectsomeone贊揚(yáng)或尊敬某人.
例如:Shehasalwayslookeduptoherfather.她一向崇敬父親。
Everycitizenshouldlookuptotheheroeswhohavesetgoodexamplestous.每個(gè)公民都應(yīng)當(dāng)尊敬給我們樹(shù)立了好榜樣的英雄們。DetailedStudyoftheTextA19.Londonisfamousforitsfriendlypigeons.
倫敦以它友好的鴿子而聞名。
◆befamousfor:以……而聞名
例如:
Thiswriteridfamousforhisgreatbooks.這位作家以他偉大著作而聞名。
Shenzhenisfamousforitshigh-speeddevelopment.深圳與其高速發(fā)展而聞名。20.Ifyouhavesomefoodforthem,youcanactuallygetthemtostandonyourhead,shoulder,oryourhand.
如果你喂些食物給他們,它們就會(huì)站在你的頭上、肩上和手上。
◆
getsomeonetodosomething:讓…做…。類(lèi)似的表達(dá)方法有g(shù)etsomethingdone.
例如:
Iwellgetthestudentstomoveallthedesksandchairstothenextclassroom.我會(huì)讓學(xué)生把所有的桌椅都搬到隔壁的教室去。
Iwellgetallthedesksandchairsmovedtothenextclassroom.我會(huì)找人把所有的桌椅都搬到隔壁的教室去。21.Peoplelovetoplaywiththepigeonsandtakepictureswiththem.
人們喜歡與鴿子一起玩耍并且一起合照。22.That’swhythesquareisnicknamed“PigeonSquare”.
這也是廣場(chǎng)被昵稱(chēng)為“鴿子廣場(chǎng)”的原因。
DetailedStudyoftheTextA1.transportation2.powerful3.empire 4.lively5.unique 6.ribbon7.wind 8.urban9.scenic 10.magnificent11.automate 12.steam13.rarely 14.statue15.erect 16.pigeon
17.nickname 18.AdmiralNelson19.SpanishCapeTrafalgarNewWordsandExpressionsComprehensionoftheTextA1.Directions:Answerthefollowingquestionstothetext.(1)HowdoyouunderstandBritainwasanempire,“onwhichthesunneversets”?Britainwasthemostpowerfulcountryatthattimeandhadmanycoloniesintheeastandinthewest.(2)WhatisLondonfamousfor?LondonisfamousfortheThamesandtheuniqueTowerBridge.
(3)WhatisthespecialfeatureoftheTowerBridge?Itcanberaisedinordertoallowlargeshipsbelowtopass.(4)What’stherelationshipbetweenTrafalgarSquareandAdmiralNelson?TrafalgarSquarewasbuiltinmemoryofAdmiralNelson.(5)WhyisTrafalgarSquarenicknamed“PigeonSquare”?TherearealotofpigeonsonTrafalgarSquare.2.Directions:
Generalizethemainideaofeachparagraph.(useaphrase)
.ComprehensionoftheTextA(1)London’sstatus(2)BeautifulThamesandtheTowerBridge(3)“PigeonSquare”NewYorkCityTextBNewYorkCityisthelargestcityintheUnitedStatesandthelargestintheworld.FacingtheAtlantic,itisonthenortheasterncoastoftheUnitedStates,andmostofthecityisbuiltonisland.Itisoneoftheworld’smostimportantcentersoffinance,industry,andculture.LocatedatthemouthoftheHudsonRiver,NewYorkCityisthebusiestportofthecountry.Ithandlesaboutonethirdofthecountry’sinternationalshippingandcanhandlemoreshipsthananyotherportintheworld.Everydayhundredsofshipsbringinoil,sugar,coffee,tea,fruit,paperandmanyotherproducts.NewYorkalsoshipswheat,flour,cars,machines,andmanykindsofready-madegoodstootherportsinthecountryandintheworld.Thecityproducesnearlyaquarterofthecountry’stotalmanufactures.ThecenterofNewYork’sbusinessworldisWallStreet,whoseinfluenceisfeltbythewholenationandprobablybycountrieseverywhereintheworld.
NewYorkisanexcitingcity.SplendidisthearchitectureofManhattan,theheartofthecity,withitsonehundredandmoreskyscrapers.ThemostfamousamongthemaretheEmpireStateBuilding,theUnitedNationsHeadquarters,RockefellerCenter,andtheWorldTreadCenter.Thematerialused—copper,stainlesssteel,concrete,andglass—givethebuildingsastrikingbeauty.NearlyallthestreetsareinstraightlinesrunningfromEasttoWest.ThoserunningfromNorthtoSoutharecalledavenues.Thestreetsandavenues,formingsquares,or“blocks”,arelinedwithmanyexpensivestoresandhugeapartmenthouses.ThemostcrowedpartofthecityisperhapsHarlem,wheremostlyBlackAmericanslives.Therethehousesareinworseconditionthananywhereelse—old,dirty,needingrepairs,andsometimesdangerous.Thecrimeratethereisamongthehighestinthewesternworld.MakingFriends(2)DetailedStudyoftheTextB1.NewYorkCityisthelargestcityintheUnitedStatesandthelargestintheworld.
紐約是美國(guó)乃至全球最大的城市。2.FacingtheAtlantic,itisonthenortheasterncoastoftheUnitedStates,andmostofthecityisbuiltonisland.
它面向大西洋坐落于美國(guó)的東北海岸,且全城大部分建于島上.◆facingtheAtlantic是現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ),相當(dāng)于一個(gè)句子,即NewYorkCityfacestheAtlantic.英語(yǔ)的一個(gè)句子中不能有兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句,所以其中一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句通常改為不定式現(xiàn)在分詞或過(guò)去分詞等形式。
例如:
Seenfromthesky,thecitylookslikeabiggarden.從空中看,這座城市就像個(gè)大花園。
Topassthefinalexamination,theyworkedhardattheirlessonsdayandnight.這了期末考試及格,他們?nèi)找古亓?xí)功課。3.Itisoneoftheworld’smostimportantcentersoffinance,industry,andculture.
紐約是全球最大金融、工業(yè)與文化中心之一。4.LocatedatthemouthoftheHudsonRiver,NewYorkCityisthebusiestportofthecountry.
位于哈德遜河口的紐約是全美最繁忙的港口。
◆
belocatedin/at/on:besituated位于,處于,座落在
例如:
Anewfactoryistobelocatedonthissite.新廠擬建于此。
Locatedinthecitycenter,thesupermarkethasmanycustomerseveryday.這家伙位于城市中心一超市每天都有很多顧客。DetailedStudyoftheTextB5.Ithandlesaboutonethirdofthecountry’sinternationalshippingandcanhandlemoreshipsthananyotherportintheworld.
紐約港處理著美國(guó)三分之一的國(guó)際航運(yùn)并且它的船舶吞吐量超過(guò)世界上其他任何港口。
◆分?jǐn)?shù)詞的表達(dá)式,采用“基數(shù)詞+序數(shù)詞”的方法。如果分子是
1,則分每直接用序數(shù)詞表示;如果分子大于1,則分每要用序數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)來(lái)表示。例如:
onethird三分之一
twothirds三分之二
threefifthsofthestudents五分之三的學(xué)生還可以用其他方法表示分?jǐn)?shù),如aquarter(四分之一)DetailedStudyoftheTextB6.Everydayhundredsofshipsbringinoil,sugar,coffee,tea,fruit,paperandmanyotherproducts.
每天,成百上千的輪船載來(lái)油、糖、咖啡、茶、水果、紙張以及大量其它產(chǎn)品。
◆
bringin帶來(lái);引進(jìn);產(chǎn)生;收獲例如:
Hisfreelanceworkbrings(him)in5000ayear.他從事自由職業(yè)每年可獲5000英鎊。
Theybroughtexperiencedpeopleintohelp.他們請(qǐng)有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的人來(lái)幫忙7.NewYorkalsoshipswheat,flour,cars,machines,andmanykindsofready-madegoodstootherportsinthecountryandintheworld.
同時(shí)又裝著小麥、面粉、汽車(chē)、機(jī)器以及種類(lèi)繁多的現(xiàn)貨和成品到美國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)和國(guó)外的其它港口。
◆ready-made:(esp.ofclothes)notmadespeciallyforthebuyer;abletobewornatonce現(xiàn)成的,做好的。ready-madegoods引申為方便的、立即可用的物品。DetailedStudyoftheTextB8.Thecityproducesnearlyaquarterofthecountry’stotalmanufactures.
紐約的產(chǎn)量占到全國(guó)將近四分之一。9.ThecenterofNewYork’sbusinessworldisWallStreet,whoseinfluenceisfeltbythewholenationandprobablybycountrieseverywhereintheworld.
作為紐約金融中心的華爾街,其影響力遍布全國(guó)乃至全球。
◆whole引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句,與其修飾的部分WallStreet的關(guān)系不緊密。例如:
Thecombinationofsatellites,whichtransmitinformation,computers,whichstoreinformation,andtelevision,whichdisplaysinformation,willchangeeveryhomeintoaneducationandentertainmentcenter.衛(wèi)星能傳輸信息,計(jì)算機(jī)能儲(chǔ)存信息,電視機(jī)能顯示信息,把這些手段結(jié)合起來(lái)可以使每個(gè)家庭都成為教育娛樂(lè)的中心。(此名中,三個(gè)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句分別對(duì)三個(gè)先行詞satellites,computers和television進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充、說(shuō)明。如果去掉這三個(gè)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句,那么句子可簡(jiǎn)化為:Thecombinationofsatellites,computersandtelevisionwillchangeeveryhomeintoaneducationandentertainmentcenter.)DetailedStudyoftheTextB10.NewYorkisanexcitingcity.
紐約是一個(gè)令人興奮的城市。11.SplendidisthearchitectureofManhattan,theheartofthecity,withitsonehundredandmoreskyscrapers.
作為紐約心臟的曼哈頓以富麗堂皇的建筑而聞名,有著100多座摩天大樓。
◆此句為倒裝句,因主語(yǔ)帶有較長(zhǎng)的說(shuō)明語(yǔ)而后置。例如:
MoreseriouswasthequestionofhowthePresidentwouldpresentthejointannouncement.總統(tǒng)將如何發(fā)表聯(lián)合申明是更為重要的問(wèn)題。
Outrushedthestudentstowelcometheforeignfriends.學(xué)生們涌出去歡迎外國(guó)朋友。DetailedStudyoftheTextB12.ThemostfamousamongthemaretheEmpireStateBuilding,theUnitedNationsHeadquarters,andRockefellerCenter.
其中最出名的有帝國(guó)大廈,聯(lián)合國(guó)總部,洛克菲勒中心。
◆
among:在……之中例如:
Amongus,sheisthoughttobethemostbeautifulandthecleverestgirl.
在我們之中,她被認(rèn)為是最漂亮最聰明的女孩。
TheSeatleInternationalAirportisamongthebusiestintheworld.西雅圖國(guó)際機(jī)場(chǎng)是世界最繁忙的機(jī)場(chǎng)之一。13.Thematerialused—copper,stainlesssteel,concrete,andglass—givethebuildingsastrikingbeauty.
這些建筑所用材料包括銅、不銹鋼、混凝土和玻璃,從而賦予這些大廈以震撼美。14.NearlyallthestreetsareinstraightlinesrunningfromEasttoWest.
幾乎所有的街道都呈直線。DetailedStudyoftheTextB15.ThoserunningfromNorthtoSoutharecalledavenues.
那些南北走向的叫做大道。
◆
avenue,street:根據(jù)美國(guó)的道路規(guī)劃,avenue比street要長(zhǎng)要寬。在美國(guó)城市里avenue指南北走向的道路,而street則指東西走向的道路。16.Thestreetsandavenues,formingsquares,or“blocks”,arelinedwithmanyexpensivestoresandhugeapartmenthouses.
大道和緯路構(gòu)成廣場(chǎng)或街區(qū),兩旁是昂貴的精品店和龐大的公寓。
◆
belinedwith:havesomethingplacedinlineorinlinesalong
被……排滿(mǎn)例如:
Downthestreetislinedwithmanysmallbookstores.沿著街道是成排小書(shū)店。
◆類(lèi)似的還有becrowdedwith(被……擠滿(mǎn)),bestockedwith(被……堆滿(mǎn)),becoveredwith(被……蓋住),bewrappedwith(被……包住)。DetailedStudyoftheTextB17.ThemostcrowedpartofthecityisperhapsHarlem,wheremostlyBlackAmericanslives.
紐約最擁擠的地方也許是哈萊姆,這里居住著大量的黑人18.Therethehousesareinworseconditionthananywhereelse—old,dirty,needingrepairs,andsometimesdangerous.
并且這里的居住條件是最差的:都是又臟又舊需要搶修的危房。
◆
in…condit
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