句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析市公開課金獎(jiǎng)市賽課一等獎(jiǎng)?wù)n件

高中英語語法復(fù)習(xí)句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析第1頁(yè)一、句子成份（一）句子成份定義：組成句子各個(gè)部分叫做句子成份。句子成份有主要成份和次要成份；主要成份有主語和謂語；次要成份有表語、賓語、定語、狀語、補(bǔ)足語和同位語。第2頁(yè)二）主語（subject)：主語是一個(gè)句子所敘述主體，普通位于句首。但在therebe結(jié)構(gòu)、疑問句（當(dāng)主語不疑問詞時(shí)）和倒裝句中，主語位于謂語、助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面。主語可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、名詞化形容詞和主語從句等表示。第3頁(yè)Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.（名詞）WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.（代詞）One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.（數(shù)詞）第4頁(yè)Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.（不定式）Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.（動(dòng)名詞）Therichshouldhelpthepoor.（名詞化形容詞）第5頁(yè)WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.（主語從句）Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.（it作形式主語，真正主語為后面不定式）第6頁(yè)（三）謂語

謂語說明主語所做動(dòng)作或含有特征和狀態(tài)。動(dòng)詞在句中作謂語，普通放在主語之后。謂語組成以下：

1、簡(jiǎn)單謂語：由一個(gè)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語組成。如：Hepracticesrunningeverymorning. 2、復(fù)合謂語：（1）由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或其它助動(dòng)詞加動(dòng)詞原形組成。如：Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.Hehascaughtabadcold.（2）由系動(dòng)詞加表語組成。如：Wearestudents.第7頁(yè)（四）表語(predicative)

表語用以說明主語身份、特征和狀態(tài)，它普通位于系動(dòng)詞之后。表語普通由名詞、代詞、形容詞、分詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、介詞短語、副詞及表語從句表示。系動(dòng)詞一

be動(dòng)詞：am、

is

、are

、was

、were

二

改變類：become、

get

、

turn

、

grow

、go

三

感官類：look

soundsmelltastefeelappear,seem

四

延續(xù)性：remain

、stay

、keep

第8頁(yè)OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.Isityours?Theweatherhasturnedcold.Thespeechisexciting.Threetimessevenistwentyone?HisjobistoteachEnglish.Hishobby

isplayingfootball.Themachine

mustbeoutoforder.

Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.（名詞）（代詞）（形容詞）（分詞）（數(shù)詞）（不定式）（動(dòng)名詞）（介詞短語）（表語從句）第9頁(yè)（五）賓語(object)

賓語表示動(dòng)作對(duì)象或承愛者，普通位于及物動(dòng)詞和介詞后面。比如：Theywenttoseeanexhibition

yesterday.（名詞）Theheavyrainpreventedmefromcomingtoschoolontime.（代詞）Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.（數(shù)詞）賓語可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、名詞化形容詞和賓語從句等表示。第10頁(yè)Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.（名詞化形容詞）

Hepretendednottoseeme.（不定式短語）

Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.（動(dòng)名詞短語）

Ithink（that）heisfitforhisoffice.（賓語從句）第11頁(yè)賓語種類：（1）雙賓語（間接賓語+直接賓語），比如：Lendmeyourdictionary,please.（2）復(fù)合賓語（賓語+賓補(bǔ)），比如：Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.第12頁(yè)（六）賓語補(bǔ)足語

在英語中，有些句子只有賓語并不能表示完整意思，還必須在賓語后面家上賓語補(bǔ)足語才能表示完整意思．它起補(bǔ)充說明賓語干什么，怎么樣作用．句型：一些及物動(dòng)詞+賓語+賓補(bǔ)。賓補(bǔ)可由名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、分詞、介詞短語和從句充當(dāng)。第13頁(yè)HisfathernamedhimDongming.（名詞）Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.（形容詞）Letthefreshairin.（副詞）Youmustn’tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.（不定式短語）第14頁(yè)Wesawherenteringtheroom.（現(xiàn)在分詞）Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.（介詞短語）Wewillsoonmakeourcitywhatyourcityisnow.（從句）第15頁(yè)（七）定語(attributive)

修飾名詞或代詞詞、短語或從句稱為定語。定語可分為：前置定語和后置定語。Guilinisabeautifulcity.（形容詞）Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.（分詞）Therearethirtywomenteachersisourschool.（名詞）HisrapidprogressinEnglishmadeussurprised.（代詞）第16頁(yè)Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.（不定式短語）Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.（動(dòng)名詞）HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.（介詞短語）第17頁(yè)（八）狀語(adverbial)

修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子，說明動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)特征句子成份，叫做狀語。如：Lighttravelsmostquickly.（副詞及副詞性詞組）Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.（介詞短語）Heisproudtohavepassedthenationalcollegeentranceexamination.（不定式短語）Heisintheroommakingamodelplane.（分詞短語）Onceyoubegin,youmustcontinue.（狀語從句）第18頁(yè)狀語種類以下：

1、Howaboutmeetingagainatsix?（時(shí)間狀語）2、Lastnightshedidn’tgotothepartybecauseoftherain.（原因狀語）3、Ishallgothereifitdoesn’train.（條件狀語）4、MrSmithlivesonthethirdfloor.（地點(diǎn)狀語）5、Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.（方式狀語）第19頁(yè)6、Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.（伴隨狀語）7、Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.（目狀語）8、Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.（結(jié)果狀語）9、Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.（讓步狀語）10、Iamtallerthanheis.（比較狀語）第20頁(yè)同位語

同位語是在名詞或代詞之后并列名詞或代詞或名詞短語，對(duì)前者加以說明成份，近乎于后置定語。如：

Westudentsshouldstudyhard.

Weallarestudents.Carol,anAmericanteacher,willcometoourschool.第21頁(yè)獨(dú)立成份

有時(shí)句子中會(huì)有一些與句子沒有語法聯(lián)絡(luò)成份，稱為句子獨(dú)立成份

感嘆詞：oh,hello,aha,ah,等。

必定詞yes

否定詞no

稱呼語：mum,dad。

插入語：一些句中插入Ithink,Ibelieve,等。

如:Thestory,Ithink,hasnevercometotheend

情態(tài)詞,表示說話人語氣（多作為修飾全句狀語）:perhaps可能,maybe大約,actually實(shí)際上,certainly當(dāng)然，等。第22頁(yè)練習(xí)一一、指出以下句子劃線部分是什么句子成份：1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.2.Hehandedmethenewspaper.3.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.4.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!5.Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.主語定語賓語謂語狀語定語賓語狀語第23頁(yè)6.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.7.Hetookmanyphotosofthepalaces

inBeijing.8.HeistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.10.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.11.Hemanaged

tofinishtheworkintime.12.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.13.HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.定語表語賓語狀語謂語主語表語謂語賓語狀語形式賓語真正賓語第24頁(yè)14.Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?15.Tobehonest，yourpronunciationisnotsogood.16.Wouldyoupleasetellme

youraddress?17.Hesatthere,

readinganewspaper.18.Itisourdutytokeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.19.Henoticedamanentertheroom.20.Theapplestastedsweet.賓語定語狀語狀語間接賓語直接賓語狀語狀語主語主語賓補(bǔ)賓補(bǔ)賓補(bǔ)第25頁(yè)四、選擇填空：()1.____willleaveforBeijing.A.NowtherethemanB.ThemanherenowC.Themanwhoisherenow D.Themanisherenow()2.Theweather____.A.wetandcold B.iswetandcold C.notwetandcold D.werewetandcold()3.Theappletasted____.A.sweetsB.sweetlyC.nicelyD.sweet第26頁(yè)()4.Hegotup____yesterdaymorning.A.lately B.lateC.latestD.latter()5.Theactor______attheageof70.A.deadB.diedC.dyedD.deaded()6.____wereallverytired,butnoneof____wouldstoptotakearest.A.We,usB.Us,we C.We,our D.We,we第27頁(yè)()7.Hefoundthestreetmuch______.A.crowdB.crowding C.crowdedD.crowdedly()8.Ithink_____necessarytolearnEnglishwell.A.its B.it C.that D.thatis()9.Thedog____mad.A.looks B.islooked C.isbeinglooked D.waslooked()10.Iwillneverforgettheday______Ijoinedthearmy.A.that B.whenC.inwhich D.where第28頁(yè)二、簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句和復(fù)合句（一）句子種類兩種分類法1、按句子用途可分四種：1）陳說句（必定、否定）：Heissixyearsold;Shedidn’thearofyoubefore.2）疑問句（普通、特殊、選擇、反意）：Dotheylikeskating?Howoldishe?Ishesixorsevenyearsold?Marycanswim,can’tshe?3）祈使句：Becareful,boys;Don’ttalkinclass4）感嘆句：Howclevertheboyis!第29頁(yè)2、按句子結(jié)構(gòu)可分三種：簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句、復(fù)合句1）簡(jiǎn)單句：只有一個(gè)主語（或并列主語）和一個(gè)謂語（或并列謂語）。e.g.HeoftenreadsEnglishinthemorning. TomandMikeareAmericanboys. Shelikesdrawingandoftendrawspicturesforthewallnewspapers.第30頁(yè)2)并列句：由并列連詞（and,but,or等）或分號(hào)（；）把兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上簡(jiǎn)單句連在一起組成。e.g.Youhelphimandhehelpsyou. Thefutureisbright;theroadistortuous.3）復(fù)合句：含有一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上從句句子。復(fù)合句包含：名詞性從句（主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句）、定語從句和狀語從句等。e.g.TheforeignvisitorstookalotofpictureswhentheywereattheGreatWall.第31頁(yè)（二）簡(jiǎn)單句五種基本句型1、主語+系動(dòng)詞+表語：e.g.Heisastudent.2、主語+不及物動(dòng)詞：e.g.Wework.3、主語+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語：e.g.Henryboughtadictionary.4、主語+及物動(dòng)詞+雙賓語（間接賓語+直接賓語）：e.g.Myfatherboughtmeacar.5、主語+及物動(dòng)詞+復(fù)合賓語（賓語+賓補(bǔ)）：e.g.Tommadethebabylaugh.注：其它各種句子都可由這一個(gè)基本句型擴(kuò)展、改變或省略而組成。第32頁(yè)練習(xí)二、簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句和復(fù)合句一、判斷以下句子是簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句還是復(fù)合句：1.WeoftenstudyChinesehistoryonFridayafternoon.2.TheboywhoofferedmehisseatiscalledTom.3.Thereisachairinthisroom,isn’tthere?4.MybrotherandIgotoschoolathalfpastseveninthemorningandcomebackhomeatsevenintheevening.簡(jiǎn)單句復(fù)合句簡(jiǎn)單句簡(jiǎn)單句第33頁(yè)5.HeisinClassOneandIaminClassTwo.6.Hewasfondofdrawingwhenhewasyetachild.7.Neitherhashechangedhismind,norwillhedoso.8.Whathesaidatthemeetingisveryimportant,isn’tit?9.Thefarmerisshowingtheboyhowtoplantatree.10.BothTomandJackenjoycountrymusic.并列句復(fù)合句并列句復(fù)合句簡(jiǎn)單句簡(jiǎn)單句第34頁(yè)三、選擇填空：1.Givemeonemoreminute____I’llbeabletofinishit. A.and B.or C.if D.so2.Trainashardas