習(xí)語(yǔ)的翻譯課件

習(xí)語(yǔ)的翻譯習(xí)語(yǔ)就其廣義而言，包括成語(yǔ)、俗語(yǔ)、諺語(yǔ)、歇后語(yǔ)等。任何一種語(yǔ)言的習(xí)語(yǔ)、引語(yǔ)都與使用該語(yǔ)言的民族的歷史、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化、風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣、價(jià)值觀念、地理位置等密切相關(guān)。因此，習(xí)語(yǔ)、引語(yǔ)有明顯的民族特色，是人民群眾智慧的結(jié)晶，是經(jīng)過(guò)長(zhǎng)期使用而提煉出來(lái)的妙語(yǔ)名言。習(xí)語(yǔ)、引語(yǔ)準(zhǔn)確、快速、流利的互譯可以簡(jiǎn)明、生動(dòng)、形象、有力地表達(dá)說(shuō)話人的思想、觀點(diǎn)和情感，增強(qiáng)語(yǔ)言的魅力和表達(dá)效果。習(xí)語(yǔ)、引語(yǔ)的翻譯主要靠譯員兩種語(yǔ)言的扎實(shí)功底，包括對(duì)兩種語(yǔ)言的詞匯、文學(xué)、文化背景知識(shí)的豐富積累和口譯技巧的熟練掌握。習(xí)語(yǔ)的翻譯主要有三種方法：直譯、直譯與轉(zhuǎn)換相結(jié)合和意譯法。

英語(yǔ)習(xí)語(yǔ)的漢譯

stonyheart/haveaheartofstone鐵石心腸plainsailing一帆風(fēng)順inblackandwhite白紙黑字fleshandblood親骨肉；親人asfirmasarock堅(jiān)如磐石tobeledbythenose被牽著鼻子走toshowone'scards攤牌tobearmedtotheteeth武裝到牙齒\全副武裝

toturnadeafearto…充耳不聞topickbonesfromanegg雞蛋里面挑骨頭Factsspeaklouderthanwords.事實(shí)勝于雄辯Failureisthemotherofsuccess.失敗乃成功之母Honestyisthebestpolicy.誠(chéng)實(shí)是上策Childrenandfoolstellthetruth.童愚吐真言Evilisrewardedwithevil.惡有惡報(bào)Contentishappiness.知足者常樂(lè)Knowyourownfaultsbeforeblamingothersfortheirs.欲責(zé)他人，應(yīng)先知己過(guò)；欲正人，先正己。漢語(yǔ)習(xí)語(yǔ)的英譯

一心一意withoneheartandonemind滄海一滴adropintheocean輕如鴻毛aslightasafeather實(shí)事求是toseektruthfromfacts一見(jiàn)如故tofeellikeoldfriendsatthefirstmeeting同甘共苦toshareeachother'sjoysandhardships掩耳盜鈴toplugone'searswhilestealingabell知識(shí)就是力量。Knowledgeispower.一寸光陰一寸金,寸金難買(mǎi)寸光陰。Aninchoftimeisworthaninchofgold，butaninchofgoldcannotpurchaseaninchoftime.一回生，兩回熟。Firstmeeting,strangers;secondmeeting,oldfriends.一年之計(jì)在于春。Thewholeyear'sworkdependsonagoodstartinspring.一鳥(niǎo)在手遠(yuǎn)勝兩鳥(niǎo)在林。Abirdinhandisworthtwointhebush.兔子尾巴——長(zhǎng)不了。Likearabbittail-----itcannotgrowanylonger-----itwon'tlastlong.搬起石頭砸自己的腳——自作自受toliftarockonlytodropitonone'sownfeet-----tosufferfromwhatonehasdone鱷魚(yú)掉眼淚——假慈悲crocodilesheddingtears------pretendingtobebenevolentasblindasabat有眼無(wú)珠astimidasahare膽小如鼠onpinsandneedles如坐針氈aspoorasachurchmouse一貧如洗tokilltwobirdswithonestone一箭雙雕towakeupasleepingdog打草驚蛇tobeatthedogbeforethelion殺雞給猴看Lockthedoorafterthehorseisstolen.亡羊補(bǔ)牢。3.意譯

還有一類(lèi)習(xí)語(yǔ)，在結(jié)構(gòu)和字面意思上，英漢兩種語(yǔ)言似乎無(wú)相近之處。其確切的意思有時(shí)難以捉摸。遇到這一類(lèi)習(xí)語(yǔ)，譯員要根據(jù)交談雙方的話題、意圖及談話的背景和上下文意思等因素，充分理解所用習(xí)語(yǔ)的含義，采用意譯、意譯加注和其它變通方法，最重要的是譯出話語(yǔ)的真正含義。同時(shí)，盡可能的保留原語(yǔ)的民族和地方色彩。不要按字面意思死譯，以免造成歧義。

onone'stoes機(jī)靈onceinabluemoon極難得；千載難逢toseeeyetoeye與(某人)看法一致straightfromtheshoulder直截了當(dāng)totakesomethingwithagrainofsalt對(duì)某事半信半疑或不全信toputallone'seggsinonebasket孤注一擲;冒險(xiǎn)toteachone'sgrandmothertosucheggs班門(mén)弄斧；好為人師toputthecartbeforethehorse本末倒置tomisstheboat坐失良機(jī)toburnthecandleatbothends過(guò)分耗費(fèi)精力topokeone'snoseinto…探聽(tīng);干涉toplayforone'sownhand為自己的利益而做topullwooloverone'seyes蒙蔽某人tocallaspadeaspade實(shí)話實(shí)說(shuō),直言不諱Birdsofafeatureflocktogether.物以類(lèi)聚,人以群分Loveme;lovemydog.愛(ài)吾及犬；愛(ài)屋及烏Romewasnotbuiltinaday.羅馬不是一天建成的;偉業(yè)非一日可成;冰凍三尺,非一日之寒。Halftheworldknowsnothowtheotherhalflives.富人不知窮人苦;飽漢不知餓漢饑。有些漢語(yǔ)習(xí)語(yǔ)、俗語(yǔ)、歇后語(yǔ)有強(qiáng)烈而濃厚的民族色彩，意譯不能確切表達(dá)原意。必須采用意譯加注，說(shuō)明必要的歷史文化背景，才能很好傳達(dá)原意。臥薪嘗膽tosleeponbrushwoodandtastegall-----toundergoself-imposedhardshipssoastostrengthenone’sresolvetowipeoutanationalhumility；toendurehardshipstoaccomplishsomeambition望子成龍

tohopeone’schildwillbecomesomebodyinthefuture；tohopeone’schildwillhaveabrightfuture;toholdhighhopesforone’schild不到長(zhǎng)城非好漢。

HewhofailstoreachtheGreatWallisnotatruehero；notstopuntilone’saimisobtained八仙過(guò)海，各顯神通。

TheEightImmortalscrossingthesea-----eachshowshis/herspecialprowess(inthelegend,theyweredescribedasfairieswithdifferentmagicarts)；LiketheEightImmortalssoaringtheocean,eachofyoushouldshowyourtrueworth.打破砂鍋——問(wèn)（紋）到底breakinganearthenwarepot-----(lit)-crackedtothebottom；(pun)interrogatethoroughly；togettothebottomofamatter英語(yǔ)引語(yǔ)Knowledgeislikethespringwaterunderground---thedeeperyoudig,thecleareristhewater.知識(shí)好像地下的泉水，掘得越深越清澈。Wastenot,wantnot.舊的不去，新的不來(lái)。Carveyournameonheartsbutnotonmarbles.把你的名字刻在人們的心上，而不是大理石上。Timeismoney;trustisgold.時(shí)間是金錢(qián)，信用是金子。Timeandtidewaitfornoman.時(shí)光如逝水，歲月不待人。Richesaregottenwithpain,keptwithcare,andlostwithgrief.財(cái)富得之不易，存之憂(yōu)慮，失之悲痛。漢語(yǔ)引語(yǔ)己所不欲，勿施于人。Donotdotootherswhatyouwouldnothavethemdotoyou.知己知彼，百戰(zhàn)不殆。Knowtheenemyandknowyourself,andyoucanfightahundredbattleswithnodangerofdefeat.貧賤不能移，威武不能屈。Heisnottobesubduedbyforcenotswervedbypoverty.國(guó)家興亡，匹夫有責(zé)。Thefortuneofacountrydependsonthepeopleinit.識(shí)實(shí)務(wù)者為俊杰。Amanwhoknowswherehisinterestlieswillsucceed.前事不忘，后事之師。Repentwhatispast；avoidwhatistocome兼聽(tīng)則明，偏聽(tīng)則暗。Listentobothsidesandyouwillbeenlightened；heedonlyonesideandyouwillbebenighted.若要人不知，除非己莫為。Ifyoudon’twantpeopletoknowaboutit,don’tdoit.懸崖勒馬猶未晚，船到江心補(bǔ)漏遲。It’sjustintimetoreininatthebrinkoftheprecipice,butit’stoolatetomendtheshipsleakinthemiddleoftheriver.“人固有一死，或重于泰山，或輕于鴻毛”。為人民利益而死，重于泰山。Thoughdeathbefallsallmenalike,itmayweightierthanMountTaiorlighterthanafeather.TodieforthepeopleisweightierthanMountTai.Exerciseheartandsoultomakeabigfussaboutupsanddownstofishinthetroubledwatertobiteoffmorethanonecanchewtogetonone'shighhorsetoshutone'seyesagainst…tocryupwineandsellvinegartokickdowntheladdertohavea(good)headonone'sshoulder走馬觀花坐山觀虎斗水中撈月廉潔奉公光明正大倒行逆施畫(huà)餅充饑拔苗助長(zhǎng)借花獻(xiàn)佛坐收漁人之利熟能生巧不到黃河心不死。寧為雞首，不為牛后

黃金有價(jià)，知識(shí)無(wú)價(jià)。血濃于水，疏不間親。天下無(wú)難事，只怕有心人。路遙知馬力，日久見(jiàn)人心。竹籃打水——一場(chǎng)空黃鼠狼給雞拜年——沒(méi)安好心三個(gè)臭皮匠,賽過(guò)諸葛亮。棺材上畫(huà)老虎——嚇?biāo)廊薃nswerheartandsoultomakeabigfussaboutupsanddownstofishinthetroubledwatertobiteoffmorethanonecanchewtogetonone'shighhorsetoshutone'seyesagainst…tocryupwineandsellvinegartokickdowntheladdertohavea(good)headonone'sshoulder全心全意大做文章盛衰；沉??；挫折渾水摸魚(yú)貪多嚼不爛；自不量力驕傲自大；盛氣凌人視而不見(jiàn)掛羊頭,買(mǎi)狗肉過(guò)河拆橋有見(jiàn)識(shí);有能力走馬觀花坐山觀虎斗水中撈月廉潔奉公光明正大倒行逆施畫(huà)餅充饑拔苗助長(zhǎng)借花獻(xiàn)佛

tolookattheflowerswhileridingonhorsebacktositonthehillandwatchtigersfighttocatchthemooninthewatertobehonestinperformingone’sofficialduties；tohaveintegrityandalwaysworkintheinterestofthepublictobejustandhonorable,openandaboveboardtogoagainstthetrendofthetimestodrawacaketosatisfyone'shungertotrytohelpthericeshootsgrowbypullingthemupwardtopresentBuddhawithborrowedflowers------toborrowsomethingtomakeagiftofit坐收漁人之利熟能生巧不到黃河心不死寧為雞首，不為牛后

黃金有價(jià)，知識(shí)無(wú)價(jià)。血濃于水，疏不間親。toreapadvantagesfrombothsideswithoutliftingafinger；toprofitfromothers’conflictPracticemakesperfect.nottostopuntiloner