江蘇省鹽城市2021-2022學年高二下學期期末考試英語試題（解析版）

2021/2022學年度第二學期高二年級期終考試英語試題第一部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。BRIEFLYNOTEDMyFourthTime,WeDrowned,bySallyHayden.In2018,Hayden,anIrishjournalist,receivedaFacebookmessagefromamankeptinarefugee(難民)camp,whichaffordedherawindowintothehorrorsfacedbyAfricanrefugees.Throughinterviewswithpeopleinvolved,HaydenlearnstheyareabusedandsoldasgoodswithoutmercyandhowWesterninstitutionsliketheEuropeanUnionturnablindeye.Dream-Child,byEricG.Wilson.ThisexcitingrepresentationofCharlesLambisthefirstfull-lengthbiography(傳記)oftheRomantic-eraessayistandpoetsince1905.Perhapsbestrememberedastheco-author,withhissister,Mary,ofTalesfromShakespeare,Lambcaredforhissister,whowasinpoorhealth.Whilefacedwithdepression,Lambwasidentifiedasapioneerandhisessaysexhibitedalookatmoderncitylife.RunandHide,byPankajMishra.Mishra’snovelfollowsthreecollegeclassmatesdesperatetoescapetheirlower-middle-classsituation,castingacriticaleyeonself-mademen.Whiletwoofthemstrugglewiththeheightstheyhavereached,thenarratoravoidsbecomingtrappedinsimilarsituationsbyreturningtoamountainvillagetoworkasatranslator.Writtenclearly,thenovelgivesthereadersaninsightintotheideasoffreedom.TheWhiteGirl,byTonyBirch.Thisnovel,setinaremoteAustraliantowninthenineteen-sixties,centersonanindigenous(土著)woman,Odette,andhergranddaughter.AsOdetteattemptstoprotecthergranddaughter,shefindsinequalityinsociety.BirchillustrateshowAustralia’spoliciestreatedtheindigenouspeopleunfairly.1.WhatcanwelearnfromDream-Child?A.Itcastslightonthemodernrurallife.B.MarycontributedtoTalesfromShakespeare.C.Lambisofamildandoptimisticpersonality.D.WilsonisbestrememberedforTalesfromShakespeare.2.Whichbookwillyouprefertoacquireabetterunderstandingofliberty?A.MyFourthTime,WeDrowned. B.Dream-Child.C.RunandHide. D.TheWhiteGirl.3.WhatdoMyFourthTime,WeDrownedandTheWhiteGirlhaveincommon?A.They’rebothsetinthe20thcentury. B.Theybothfocusonfamilybonds.C.They’rebothsetinthesamecountry. D.Theybothfocusonthedisadvantaged.Located150milessouthofmainlandAustralia,Tasmaniaisknownforitswildlifeandlandscape,includinguniqueplantandanimalspecies.PerhapsitsmostfamousnativeanimalistheTasmaniandevil,asmallbutviolentanimal.Theislandwasalsohometoalargewolf-likeTasmaniantiger.Itlivedamongtheisland’sfamousgianttreeferns(樹蕨),butwashuntedbypeopleuntilthelastknownanimaldiedinazooin1936.AteamofAustralianscientistshavediscoveredthatTasmaniaisnowcarbonnegative,meaningitabsorbsmorecarbondioxidegas(CO2)thanitgivesoff.Theteamsaytheirfindingsshowtheimportanceofforestsinfightingclimatechange.LargequantitiesofCO2actasagreenhousegas,trappingheatintheEarth’satmosphereandcausingclimatechange.Manycountrieshaveplanstobecome“carbonneutral”(碳中和),butTasmaniaisoneofthefirstplacesintheworldtogocarbonnegative.ThefactcametolightwhenateamfromAustralianNationalUniversity(ANU)lookedintotheCO2emissions(排放)ofeachAustralianstate.CO2isproducedbyactivitiessuchasburningcoal,oilandgasforpower,butisalsoreleasedwhenforestsarecutdown—especiallyifthewoodisusedtomakepaperandsimilarproducts.Ontheotherhand,livingforestsabsorblargeamountsofCO2.In2011,campaignersblockedplanstobuildalargenewpaperfactoryinTasmania,leadingtoalargedeclineincuttingdownTasmania’sforests.Consequently,CO2emissionsdroppedsharplyandallowedforeststocontinuegrowinginstead.MuchofTasmania’spowercomesfromhydroelectricity,whichdoesnotgiveoffCO2.ScientistssaythatTasmania’sachievementshowstheimportantroleofforestsinmanagingCO2.TheysaypreservingforestsaroundtheworldcouldhelpmanycountriestoabsorbmoreCO2.“Weneedtostorealotmorecarbonintheenvironment,”explainedProfessorDavidLindemayerofANU,addingthat“themosteffectiveplacetodothatisinforests.”4.WhichisTRUEabouttheTasmaniantiger?A.Itwasasmallbutviolentanimal.B.Itwentextinctbecauseofhunting.C.ToomuchCO2emissionputitontheline.D.Largeclearingoftreesledtoitsdyingout.5.WhatcanwelearnaboutTasmania?A.ZeroCO2emissionshelpitgogreen.B.Massesofforestshelpitgocarbonnegative.C.Itdoesn’tneedtofightclimatechangeanymore.D.Itcoversthelargestareasofforestsintheworld.6.Whatdoesparagraph4convey?A.ManyCO2emissionsarisefromhumanactivities.B.PaperfactorieshaveagreatprospectinTasmania.C.PeoplearenotallowedtocutdowntreesinTasmania.D.HydroelectricityistheonlyenergysourceinTasmania.7.WhatdoesDavidLindemayerprobablyexpressinthelastparagraph?A.Carbonisposingthebiggestthreattotheearth.B.Forestsarethemosteffectiveplacestotrapheat.C.He’sproudofTasmania’sachievementinmanagingCO2.D.Preservingforestscouldbesthelpbattleclimatechange.Currently,videocallsarebecomingfamiliarchallengesastheCOVID-19forcesworkerstocommunicatefromtheirhomesandoffices.Nowscientistshaverevealedwhywetendtoendupraisingourvoicesatourworkmates:asvideoqualityfalls,wespeaklouderandvaryourgestures(手勢)inanattempttomakeup.“Thegestureswemakewhiletalking,aswellasothervisualsignals,aretrulyimportantandintegratedaspectsofhowwecommunicate,”saidDr.JamesTrujillo,thefirstauthoroftheresearchatRadboudUniversity,intheNetherlands.Trujillosaidpreviousresearchhadshownthatwhenwecannothearsomeonewell,wespeaklouder,whiletheteam’srecentworkshowsthatwhenavideocallisverynoisy,peoplemaketheirgesturesmorenoticeable.Trujilloandhiscolleaguesreportedinajournalhowtheyanalyzedvideocallsbetween20pairsofparticipants,whosatinseparateroomsandchattedfreelytoeachotheroveraZoom-likevideocallfor40minutes.Overthecourseofthecall,thequalityofthevideowaschangedin10stepsbetweenexcellentandcompletelyunclear,withhalfofthepairsexperiencingimprovingvideoquality,andhalfexperiencingitintheoppositeway.Thevideoqualityduringthecallateachstepwasthesameforbothparticipants.Theresearchtrackedtheparticipants’gesturesandaspectsoftheirspeech.Theteamaddedthatwhengestureswerenotbeingused,speechwasunaffectedbydecreasesinvisibility.However,whengestureswereused,volumeincreasedbyuptofivedecibels(分貝)asvideoqualitydeteriorated,andthenremainedatthishigherlevelasvideoqualitydecreasedfurther—inotherwords,whengesturesceasedtobeusefulatall.“Theyknowthatthegesturesbeingproducearevitaltotheircommunication,buttheirpartnerisgoingtohaveahardertimeseeingthem.Sotheyincreasethestrengthoftheothersignal—speech.”hesaid.8.Whydowetendtoraiseourvoicesonvideocall?A.Duetothepoorvideoquality.B.Inthehopeofcuringourpoorhearing.C.Inanattempttoavoidmakinggestures.D.Forthesakeofgeneratinginterestinthetopic.9.Whatdoweknowfromparagraphs3-4?A.Recentfindingsagreewithpreviousones.B.Participantsmadethevideocallinequalmeasure.C.Integratedfactorsmakeforeffectivecommunication.D.Dr.JamesTrujilloisthefirstpersontolookintothetopic.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“deteriorated”meaninparagraph5?A.Turnedbetter. B.Grewunstable.C.Becameworse. D.Remainedunchanged.11.Whichofthefollowingisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A.Liftup,wecan’tcatchyou B.Cheerup,wewon’tfailyouC.Shutup,wecan’treachyou D.Speakup,wecan’tseeyouSusan,aschoolteacher,hasbeenasourceofloveforherstudentsandmanypeople.Shehelpedafriendraisefundsforadoption,madequilts(被子),soldthem,andgavethemoneytoherworkmatewholostherhusband.Sheevenhelpedsomeonerebuildthekitchen.Onemightthinkthatsheistoobusydoingthingsforothersanddoesnothaveanyconcerns.Sadly,herhusbandisbatingcancerforthethirdtimenow.Hersmallsalaryisnotenoughtocoveralloftheirexpenses.Thankfully,SecretSantasteppedinsecretly.HeworkswithEastIdahoNews,ledbyNateEaton,whogoesaroundIdahospreadingholidaycheerthisseason.Thebigdaycame,andNatepaidthisgreatteacherasurprisevisitinthemiddleofherclass.“We’reherebecauseaSecretSantawantstogivepresentstoyourteacher,”hesaid.HerstudentsshoutedinchorusforSusantoopengiftsatonce.Judgingfromthewayshelooked,sheseemedtobeholdingbackhertears.Shewashandedthefirstboxcontaining$1,000worthofgiftcardsfromaCraftStore.Shelovestovisitthestore,butneverbuysthingsataregularprice.Then,sheopenedthesecondboxwherelayacheckforathousanddollars.She,aswellasherstudents,wasobviouslyastonished.Susanappreciatedthegiftsalot.Butthere’smore!Agiftlargerthanlifewasoutsidewaitingforitsowner.Shewasgivenaboxwithcarkeysinside.Thekidsburstintoapplause,trulyhappyfortheirdearteacher.Outoftheirschool,shecouldn’tbelieveablueChevroletcarwashersnow.Interestingly,thoughalsoinneed,thiswomanstillthoughtaboutwhomshecouldhelpandwherethegiftshouldgo.Nowondermanypeople,includingherstudents’parents,loveheralot.Indeedhelpingandlovingpeopleisnotinvain.Maywealsobegenerousingivingoutloveandjoynotonlythisseasonbutatalltimes.12.WhatcanpeoplearoundSusangetfromher?A.Home-cookedfood. B.Substantialmoney.C.Generousassistance. D.Professionaladvice.13.WhatdidSusanstrugglewithinherdailylife?A.Howtoraisefundsforothers.B.Howtoearnherhusband’ssupport.C.Howtohelpasmanypeopleasshecould.D.Howtogothroughthedailylifewithhermodestsalary.14.WhichcanbestspeakvolumesaboutSusan’sfeelings?A.Astonishedandgrateful. B.Proudandthankful.C.Delightedbutembarrassed. D.Surprisedbutashamed.15.WhatdoesSusan’sstoryimply?A.Greathopesmakegreatman. B.Everycloudhasasilverlining.C.Onegoodturndeservesanother. D.Luckfavorsthepreparedmind.第二部分七選五(共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Tomtoldhimselfthat2022wasgoingtobetheyearwhenhefinallygothislifetogether.SoonNewYear’sEveof2021,hewroteoutallofhisNewYear’sresolutions.AsTomwaswritingthemdown,hegotreallyexcitedandevenbecameproudofhimself,justforthinkingofdoingallthesethings.____16____Hetookfulladvantageofhistimetoworkout.____17____“You’renotgoingtoworkoutwhenyouaretired,”Tomtoldhimself.Hedidn’treallyfeellikeeatingsalad.Whathefeltlikeeatingwasabig,juicyburger.AndagainTomtoldhimselfthat“I’vebeenworkingreallyhardoverthepastfewweeks.Ideserveadayoff.”O(jiān)verthenextfewweeks,Tom’sgoodhabitsstartedtoslowdown.Hestartedtosleepinalittlebit.Hewouldskipagymsessionoccasionally,andthenalmostallofTom’sgoodhabitsweregone.____18____Personally,IcantotallyrelatewithTom,andsomeofyouprobablycantoo.WhydidTomandmostpeoplenotstickwiththeirgoodnewhabit?____19____Youmightaskyourself,“Well,howcanIreallyacquireit?”Honestly,thereisn’tasimpleanswertothis,butthebestansweristojustthinkaboutwhatyouarecommittingto.Creatinggreathabitsiskindofbuildingahouse.Yourhabitsarelikebricks.____20____Withoutit,thathousewilldefinitelycollapseandyouwillprobablyendupexactlywhereyouleftoff.Thatisexactlywhatsetssuccessfulpeopleapartfromunsuccessfulpeople.A.WhydidhisNewYear’sresolutionsfallapart?B.Basicallyheendedupexactlywherehestarted.C.Commitmentislikethegluethatholdsbricksinplace.D.However,onedayhefoundhimselfgaining7kilograms.E.AstheNewYearcamearound,Tomstartedoffreallystrong.F.However,onedayafterwork,hedidn’treallyfeellikegoingtothegym.G.Themainreasonisthattheydon’tpossesssomethingcalledcommitment.第三部分語言運用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Acoupleofyearsago,Iwasonaflightbymyself.WhenIwassittingquietlyinmychair,aman____21____andsatdownnexttomewithout____22____me.Astheplanewasreadytotakeoff,themanstartedshaking,sweatingand____23____uncomfortablyinhischair.Theplanebegan____24____andthemanstartedgettingstressedout.Notknowingwhattodo,Iwas____25____terrified.Icouldjustfocusonmy____26____,5in,5out.Astime____27____,IsuddenlynoticedonmylapthebookIwasreadingbeforehand.InoticedthelinethatI____28____formyselftoread—When____29____ispresentinus,webringawarenesstoitandsmiletoit.Theman_____30_____thebook,too.Withoutthinkingtwice,Iofferedittohimandsaid,“It’sagreatbook.”Themantookitand_____31_____me,asking,“What’sitabout?”“Aboutpeace,”I_____32_____instantly.Themanreaditalittlebitandthenlookedbackatme,requesting,“Whereareyoufrom?”AlthoughIwasstill_____33_____,Itookadeepbreathandsaid,“I’mfromIsrael.”Hearingmyanswer,hegraduallygotquiet.BeforeIknewit,thiscompletestrangerjust10minutesagosharedwithmepicturesofhisfamilyandevenonevery_____34_____factabouthimthathewasafraidofflying.Ourrealpowerashumanbeingsisourabilityto_____35_____thefearinsideandtochoosetoactdifferentlyandthechangehastobeginwithus.21.A.waved B.skipped C.emerged D.returned22.A.waking B.calling C.recognizingD.acknowledging23.A.swinging B.sleeping C.standing D.shifting24.A.landing B.climbing C.diving D.sinking25.A.completely B.consistently C.temporarily D.barely26.A.imagining B.reading C.thinkingD.breathing27.A.diedaway B.rolledaway C.slippedawayD.passedaway28.A.wrote B.marked C.designed D.printed29.A.fear B.passion C.depression D.curiosity30.A.seized B.sought C.spotted D.searched31.A.shoutedat B.pointedat C.lookedatD.smiledat32.A.responded B.repeated C.requested D.required33.A.scared B.relieved C.surprisedD.depressed34.A.permanent B.personal C.potential D.precise35.A.resist B.resolve C.admitD.anticipate第四部分(共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內單詞的正確形式。Nanjingsilkbrocade(織棉),alsocalledyunjin,____36____(literal)meanscloud-patternbrocadebecauseitisasbeautifulasthecloudsduringsunset.Formorethan1600years,weavers(織工)inNanjing,hometosixfamousancientcapitalsofChina,____37____(make)brocadesinauniqueway.Best-knownamongtheancientsilkfabrics____38____(be)Nanjingyunjin,whichintegratestheexcellenttraditionofbrocadeinpreviousdynastiesintothe____39____(value)experienceofothersilkweavingprocesses.Yunjinhasaspecialprocess,operationdifficultyandtechnicalrequirements.Nanjingyunjinisacraft(手工藝)____40____(date)backto417AD.In2006,Nanjingyunjinweavingmachinesandskillswereputonthelistofthefirststate-levelculturalheritage(遺產)withthe____41____(approve)oftheChinesegovernment.In2009,itwasselectedandadded____42____theUNESCOlist.YunjinwasusedasanothercallingcardforNanjingatthe2014SummerYouthOlympicGames,____43____alltheitemsusedweremadeofNanjingsilkbrocade.____44____(survive)dynastiesandwars,Nanjingyunjinprovesitsgreatvitality.Weholdthebelief_____45_____itwillbepasseddownfromgenerationtogenerationandpresentedinamodernizedwaytothepeopleathomeandabroad.第五部分假定你是校學生會主席李華。你校擬邀請環(huán)保專家Smith先生在“世界環(huán)境日”那天做講座，請你給他寫封邀請信。內容包括：1.時間、地點；2.講座內容。注意：1.寫作詞數(shù)應為80左右；2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應位置作答。DearMr.Smith,______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua讀后續(xù)寫閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構成一篇完整的短文。Duringmyfirstyearasamiddleschoolmathteacher,Idesignedandtriedaclassroommoneysystemtomotivateandengagemystudents.Eachday,studentswhocametoclasswellpreparedearnedasalaryof25“royal”dollars.Fromthesalaryearned,thestudentspaidmonthlyrentontheirchairsandtaxesontheirclassroommaterials.Mygoalsfortheprogramweretohelpstudentslearntheimportanceoffinancialmanagementwhilepromotingpositiveclassroombehavior.Igavestudentsdailyopportunitiestoearnadditionalsalarysuchas10dollarsforcatchingmyerrors,50dollarsforgoodmathematicalarguments,and100dollarsforoutdoinganassessment.Studentsputanymoneytheyearnedinourclassbank.Asthebanker,Imaintainedtheaccountsandinformedstudentsofdangerouslylowbalances.Afterall,studentsknewwhathappenedwhentheydidn’thavethemoneytopayrent,andnonewantedtolosehisorherchair.Afterthestudentspaidtheirrent,taxesandanyfines,theycouldspendtheirremainingmoneyonclassauction(拍賣)itemslikesnacksandschoolsupplies.Mysystemworkedbeautifullyandthestudentswerefullyengaged.Theysoonrealizedthatuseofinappropriatelanguageorcominglatetoclasswasnotfinanciallybeneficial.ThreeweeksintoschoolMayrametmeatthedoorwithaquestion.“Howmuchwoulditcosttobuymychair?”“Buyyourchair?”“Well,ifIcouldbuymychair,Iwon’thavetopayyourenteachmonth.ThenI’llhavemoremoneytospendattheauction.”“Ifyouprefertosaveyourmoneyandpurchaseyourchair,youcanbuyitfor600dollars.”“SoifIsitonthefloorfortwentymoredays,I’llhaveenoughmoneytobuymychair?”“Absolutely!”Sheandseveralofhertablematesbegantogathertheirmaterialsandreturnedtothefloorofourclassroom.Ithoughttomyself,“Thiswon’tlastlong.”注意：1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應為150左右；2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應位置作答。Icertainlyunderestimatedtheresolveofmystudents._______________________________________________________________________________Twoweekslater,Mayraarrivedatmydoorannouncing,“Today,Icanbuymychair!”_______________________________________________________________________________##########################################閱讀理解【答案】1-3BCD【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了四本書的故事梗概。1.細節(jié)理解題。由Dream-Child中的“Perhapsbestrememberedastheco-author,withhissister,Mary,ofTalesfromShakespeare,Lambcaredforhissister,whowasinpoorhealth.（蘭姆和他的妹妹瑪麗也許作為《莎士比亞故事集》的合著者最值得紀念，他照顧他身體差的妹妹。）”可知，瑪麗是《莎士比亞故事集》的合著者，說明她對《莎士比亞故事集》有貢獻。故選B。2.細節(jié)理解題。由RunandHide中的“Writtenclearly,thenovelgivesthereadersaninsightintotheideasoffreedom.（這部小說寫得很清楚，使讀者深入了解了自由的思想。）”可知，RunandHide能幫助讀者更好地理解自由。故選C。3.細節(jié)理解題。由MyFourthTime,WeDrowned中的“In2018,Hayden,anIrishjournalist,receivedaFacebookmessagefromamankeptinarefugee(難民)camp,whichaffordedherawindowintothehorrorsfacedbyAfricanrefugees.Throughinterviewswithpeopleinvolved,HaydenlearnstheyareabusedandsoldasgoodswithoutmercyandhowWesterninstitutionsliketheEuropeanUnionturnablindeye.（2018年，愛爾蘭記者海登從一名被關在難民營的男子那里收到了一條Facebook消息，這為她了解非洲難民面臨的恐怖提供了一扇窗戶。通過對相關人員的采訪，海登了解到他們被毫不留情地虐待并被當作商品出售，歐盟等西方機構對此視而不見。）”和TheWhiteGirl中的“Thisnovel,setinaremoteAustraliantowninthenineteen-sixties,centersonanindigenous(土著的)woman,Odette,andhergranddaughter.AsOdetteattemptstoprotecthergranddaughter,shefindsinequalityinsociety.BirchillustrateshowAustralia’spoliciestreatedtheindigenouspeopleunfairly.（這部小說以二十世紀六十年代澳大利亞一個偏遠小鎮(zhèn)為背景，以一位土著婦女奧黛特和她的孫女為中心。當奧黛特試圖保護她的孫女時，她發(fā)現(xiàn)社會上存在著不平等。伯奇舉例說明了澳大利亞的政策是如何不公平地對待土著人民的。）”可知，MyFourthTime,WeDrowned和TheWhiteGirl的共同點在于它們都關注弱勢群體。故選D?！敬鸢浮?.B5.B6.A7.D【解析】這是一篇說明文。主要講述了塔斯馬尼亞州是世界上第一個碳負排放的地區(qū)之一，該地區(qū)通過減少森林砍伐，使得二氧化碳排放量急劇下降，這一成就表明了森林在管理二氧化碳方面的重要作用。1.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后兩句“Theislandwasalsohometoalargewolf-likeTasmaniantiger.Itlivedamongtheisland’sfamousgianttreeferns,butwashuntedbypeopleuntilthelastknownanimaldiedinazooin1936.（該島也是大型的像狼一樣的塔斯馬尼亞虎的家園。它生活在島上著名的巨型樹蕨中，但一直被人們獵殺，直到1936年最后一只已知的動物死于動物園。）”可知，塔斯馬尼亞虎因狩獵而滅絕。故選B。2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段前兩句“ScientistssaythatTasmania’sachievementshowstheimportantroleofforestsinmanagingCO2.TheysaypreservingforestsaroundtheworldcouldhelpmanycountriestoabsorbmoreCO2.（科學家說，塔斯馬尼亞的成就表明了森林在管理二氧化碳方面的重要作用。他們說，保護世界各地的森林可以幫助許多國家吸收更多的二氧化碳。）”可知，大量的森林有助于減少碳排放。故選B。3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段關鍵句“ThefactcametolightwhenateamfromAustralianNationalUniversity(ANU)lookedintotheCO2emissions(排放)ofeachAustralianstate.CO2isproducedbyactivitiessuchasburningcoal,oilandgasforpower,butisalsoreleasedwhenforestsarecutdown—especiallyifthewoodisusedtomakepaperandsimilarproducts.（當澳大利亞國立大學〔ANU〕的一個研究小組調查澳大利亞各州的二氧化碳排放量時，這一事實才浮出水面。二氧化碳是通過燃燒煤炭、石油和天然氣發(fā)電等活動產生的，但當森林被砍伐時，二氧化碳也會釋放出來，尤其是當木材被用于制造紙張和類似產品時。）”可知，本段主要表達出許多二氧化碳排放源于人類活動。故選A。4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句“‘Weneedtostorealotmorecarbonintheenvironment,’explainedProfessorDavidLindemayerofANU,addingthat‘themosteffectiveplacetodothatisinforests.’（“我們需要在環(huán)境中儲存更多的碳，”澳大利亞國立大學的大衛(wèi)·林德邁爾教授解釋道，并補充道“最有效的地方是森林。”）”可知，因為森林是最有效的儲存碳的地方，所以大衛(wèi)·林德邁爾在最后一段可能表達了保護森林最有助于應對氣候變化。故選D?！敬鸢浮?.A9.C10.C11.D【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一項研究，解釋了為什么我們最終會在視頻通話中對同事提高嗓門——因為人們在視頻通話中看不到對方的手勢，所以隨著視頻質量的下降，我們會更大聲地說話。1.細節(jié)理解題。由第二段“Nowscientistshaverevealedwhywetendtoendupraisingourvoicesatourworkmates:asvideoqualityfalls,wespeaklouderandvaryourgestures(手勢)inanattempttomakeup.（現(xiàn)在，科學家們已經揭示了為什么我們最終會對同事提高嗓門：隨著視頻質量的下降，我們會大聲說話，并改變手勢以試圖彌補。）”可知，我們會在視頻通話中提高聲音，是因為視頻質量差。故選A。2.細節(jié)理解題。由第三段中的“Thegestureswemakewhiletalking,aswellasothervisualsignals,aretrulyimportantandintegratedaspectsofhowwecommunicate（我們在說話時所做的手勢以及其他視覺信號，是我們溝通方式中真正重要和綜合的方面。）”可知，綜合因素有助于有效溝通。故選C。3.詞義猜測題。由第二段中的“asvideoqualityfalls,wespeaklouderandvaryourgestures(手勢)inanattempttomakeup（隨著視頻質量的下降，我們會大聲說話，并改變手勢以試圖彌補）”和第五段中的“However,whengestureswereused,volumeincreasedbyuptofivedecibels(分貝)asvideoqualitydeteriorated,andthenremainedatthishigherlevelasvideoqualitydecreasedfurther—inotherwords,whengesturesceasedtobeusefulatall.（然而，當使用手勢時，音量會隨著視頻質量的deteriorated而增加多達5分貝，然后隨著視頻質量的進一步下降〔換句話說，當手勢不再有用時〕，音量會保持在這一更高的水平）”可知，研究表明隨著視頻質量的下降，我們會大聲說話，并使用手勢，再結合“隨著視頻質量的進一步下降〔換句話說，當手勢不再有用時〕，音量會保持在這一更高的水平”，此處指音量會隨著視頻質量的惡化而增加多達5分貝，deteriorated在此處意為“變得更糟（Becameworse）”。故選C。4.標題歸納題。由第二段“Nowscientistshaverevealedwhywetendtoendupraisingourvoicesatourworkmates:asvideoqualityfalls,wespeaklouderandvaryourgestures(手勢)inanattempttomakeup.（現(xiàn)在，科學家們已經揭示了為什么我們最終會對同事提高嗓門：隨著視頻質量的下降，我們會大聲說話，并改變手勢以試圖彌補）”和最后一段“‘Theyknowthatthegesturesbeingproducearevitaltotheircommunication,buttheirpartnerisgoingtohaveahardertimeseeingthem.Sotheyincreasethestrengthoftheothersignal—speech.’hesaid.（“他們知道所做的手勢對他們的交流至關重要，但他們的同伴很難看到這些手勢。因此，他們增加了另一種信號的強度——語言?！彼f。）”可知，本文講述了，因為人們在視頻通話中看不到對方的手勢，所以隨著視頻質量的下降，我們會更大聲地說話，D項“大聲點，我們看不到你”符合文意。故選D?！敬鸢浮?2.C13.D14.A15.C【解析】這是一篇新聞報道。文章講述了，學校教師蘇珊，雖自己身有困難，但仍然幫助他人，最終也獲得他人幫助的故事。1.細節(jié)理解題。由第一段中的“Shehelpedafriendraisefundsforadoption,madequilts(被子),soldthem,andgavethemoneytoherworkmatewholostherhusband.Sheevenhelpedsomeonerebuildthekitchen.（她幫助一位朋友籌集領養(yǎng)資金，制作被子，賣掉被子，然后把錢交給失去丈夫的同事。她甚至幫助別人重建了廚房。）”可知，蘇珊以各種形式樂于助人，所以蘇珊周圍的人能從她那里得到慷慨的援助。故選C。2.細節(jié)理解題。由第二段“Onemightthinkthatsheistoobusydoingthingsforothersanddoesnothaveanyconcerns.Sadly,herhusbandisbatingcancerforthethirdtimenow.Hersmallsalaryisnotenoughtocoveralloftheirexpenses.（有人可能會認為她太忙于為別人做事，沒有任何顧慮?？杀氖?，她的丈夫正在進行癌癥的第三次治療。她微薄的工資不足以支付他們所有的費用。）”可知，樂于助人的學校教師蘇珊生活中也有困境，她要掙扎的是如何用她微薄的薪水度過日常生活。故選D。3.觀點態(tài)度題。由第四段中的“She,aswellasherstudents,wasobviouslyastonished.（她和她的學生顯然都感到驚訝。）”和第五段中的“Susanappreciatedthegiftsalot.（蘇珊非常感激這些禮物。）”可知，對于送給自己的禮物，蘇珊感到驚訝和感激。故選A。4.推理判斷題。由第一段中的“Shehelpedafriendraisefundsforadoption,madequilts(被子),soldthem,andgavethemoneytoherworkmatewholostherhusband.Sheevenhelpedsomeonerebuildthekitchen.（她幫助一位朋友籌集領養(yǎng)資金，制作被子，賣掉被子，然后把錢交給失去丈夫的同事。她甚至幫助別人重建了廚房。）”，第五段中的“Susanappreciatedthegiftsalot.（蘇珊非常感激這些禮物。）”和最后一段中的“Indeedhelpingandlovingpeopleisnotinvain.（的確，幫助和愛人們并不是徒勞的。）”可知，文章講述了學校教師蘇珊，雖自己身有困難，但仍然幫助他人，最終也獲得他人幫助的故事，蘇珊的故事表明幫助和愛人們并不是徒勞的，暗示著“善有善報（Onegoodturndeservesanother）”。故選C。七選五【答案】16.E17.F18.B19.G20.C【解析】這是一篇夾敘夾議文。文章通過湯姆堅持好習慣失敗的事情告訴我們承諾的重要性。1.根據(jù)上文“Tomtoldhimselfthat2022wasgoingtobetheyearwhenhefinallygothislifetogether.SoonNewYear’sEveof2021,hewroteoutallofhisNewYear’sresolutions.AsTomwaswritingthemdown,hegotreallyexcitedandevenbecameproudofhimself,justforthinkingofdoingallthesethings.（湯姆告訴自己，2022年將是他最終重新振作起來的一年。所以在2021年的新年前夜，他寫下了所有的新年愿望。當湯姆把它們寫下來的時候，他變得非常興奮，甚至為自己感到驕傲，僅僅因為想到要做所有這些事情。）”以及后文“Hetookfulladvantageofhistimetoworkout.（他充分利用時間去健身。）”可知，上文提到了湯姆寫下新年愿望，說明在新年開始的時候湯姆就強勢開始執(zhí)行這些事情，故E項“隨著新年的到來，湯姆一開始就很強勢”符合語境，故選E。2.根據(jù)后文“‘You’renotgoingtoworkoutwhenyouaretired,’Tomtoldhimself.Hedidn’treallyfeellikeeatingsalad.Whathefeltlikeeatingwasabig,juicyburger.AndagainTomtoldhimselfthat‘I’vebeenworkingreallyhardoverthepastfewweeks.Ideserveadayoff.’（湯姆對自己說：“當你累的時候，你是不會去鍛煉的?！彼娴牟幌氤陨忱?。他想吃的是一個又大又多汁的漢堡。湯姆又一次對自己說：“過去幾周我一直很努力工作。我應該休息一天?！保笨芍?，后文提到湯姆因為累而不去鍛煉了，故F項“然而，有一天下班后，他真的不想去健身房”符合語境，故選F。3.根據(jù)上文“Overthenextfewweeks,Tom’sgoodhabitsstartedtoslowdown.Hestartedtosleepinalittlebit.Hewouldskipagymsessionoccasionally,andthenalmostallofTom’sgoodhabitsweregone.（在接下來的幾個星期里，湯姆的好習慣開始變慢了。他開始睡過頭了。他偶爾會不去健身房，然后湯姆所有的好習慣幾乎都消失了。）”可知，上文提到湯姆的所有好習慣都消失了，即在他開始的地方結束。故B項“基本上，他是在他開始的地方結束的”符合語境，故選B。4.根據(jù)上文“Personally,IcantotallyrelatewithTom,andsomeofyouprobablycantoo.WhydidTomandmostpeoplenotstickwiththeirgoodnewhabit?（就我個人而言，我完全可以理解湯姆，你們中的一些人可能也可以。為什么湯姆和大多數(shù)人沒有堅持他們的好習慣？）”以及后文“Youmightaskyourself,‘Well,howcanIreallyacquireit?’（你可能會問自己：“好吧，我怎樣才能真正獲得它？”）”可知，本句是在回答上文關于沒有堅持好習慣的問題：主要原因是他們不具備一種叫做承諾的東西。所以G項“主要原因是他們不具備一種叫做承諾的東西”符合語境，故選G。5.根據(jù)上文“Creatinggreathabitsiskindofbuildingahouse.Yourhabitsarelikebricks.（養(yǎng)成良好的習慣就像建造一座房子。你的習慣就像磚頭。）”以及后文“Withoutit,thathousewilldefinitelycollapseandyouwillprobablyendupexactlywhereyouleftoff.Thatisexactlywhatsetssuccessfulpeopleapartfromunsuccessfulpeople.（沒有它，房子肯定會倒塌，