2017年12月大學(xué)英語四級真題及答案

2017年12月大學(xué)英語四級真題及答案（第三套）PartIWriting(25minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonhowtobesthandletherelationshopbetweenteachersandstudents.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.PartIIListeningComprehension(25minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.A)HerfriendErika.C)Hergrandfather.Herlittlebrother.D)Hergrandmother.A)Bytakingpicturesforpassers-by.C)Bysellinglemonadeandpictures.Byworkingparttimeatahospital.D)Byaskingforhelponsocialmedia.Questions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.A)Findingcheaperwaysofhighwayconstruction.Generatingelectricpowerforpassingvehicles.Providingcleanenergytofivemillionpeople.Testingtheefficiencyofthenewsolarpanel.A)Theycanstandthewearandtearofnaturalelements.Theycanbelaidrightontopofexistinghighways.Theyareonlyabouthalfaninchthick.Theyaremadefromcheapmaterials.Questions5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.A)Endlessfightingintheregion.C)Inadequatefundingforresearch.Thehazardsfromthedesert.D)Thelackofcluesaboutthespecies.A)Toobservethewildlifeinthetwonationalparks.Toidentifythereasonsforthelions'disappearance.TostudythehabitatoflionsinSudanandEthiopia.Tofindevidenceoftheexistenceofthe“l(fā)ostlions”.A)Lionswalking.C)Somecampingfacilities.Lions'tracks.D)TrapssetbylocalhuntersSectionBDirections：Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C),andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.A)Her‘luckybirthday'.C)Herweddinganniversary.Acallfromherdad.D)Aspecialgiftfromtheman.A)Gaveherabigmodelplane.C)Tookheronatripoverseas.Boughtheragoodnecklace.D)Threwherasurpriseparty.A)Thegiftherhusbandhasbought.Thetripherhusbandhasplanned.Whathasbeentroublingherhusband.Whatherhusbandandthemanareupto.A)Hewillbegladtobeaguideforthecouple'sholidaytrip.Hewilltellthewomenthesecretifherhusbandagrees.Heiseagertolearnhowthecouple'sholidayturnsout.Hewantstofindoutaboutthecouple'sholidayplan.Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.A)Theyaresensitivetothedynamicsofanegotiation.Theyseetheimportanceofmakingcompromises.Theyknowwhentoadoptatoughattitude.Theytaketherival'sattitudeintoaccount.A)Theyknowhowtoadapt.C)Theyknowwhentomakecompromises.Theyknowwhentostop.D)Theyknowhowtocontroltheiremotion.A)Theyarepatient.C)Theylearnquickly.Theyaregoodatexpression.D)Theyupholdtheirprinciples.A)Makeclearone'sintentions.C)Formulateone'sstrategy.B)Clarifyitemsofnegotiation.D)Gettoknowtheotherside.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C),D).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.A)WhenAmerica'searliestspaceprogramstarted.B)WhentheInternationalSpaceStationwasbuilt.Howmanyspaceshuttlemissionstherewillbe.HowspaceresearchbenefitspeopleonEarth.A)Theyaccuratelycalculatedthespeedoftheorbitingshuttles.B)Theydevelopedobjectsforastronautstouseinouterspace.Theytriedtomeetastronauts'specificrequirements.Theytriedtomakebestuseofthelatesttechnology.A)Theyareextremelyaccurate.C)Theywerefirstmadeinspace.Theyareexpensivetomake.D)Theywereinventedinthe1970s.Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.A)ItwaswhenherancestorscametoAmerica.Peoplehadplentyoflandtocultivatethen.Itmarkedthebeginningofsomethingnew.Everythingwasnaturalandgenuinethen.A)Theybelievedinworkingforgoals.C)Theyhadallkindsofentertainment.Theyenjoyedlivingalivingalifeofease.D)Theywereknowntobecreative.A)Chattingwithherancestors.C)Polishingallthesilverwork.Furnishinghercountryhouse.D)Doingneedleworkbythefire.Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.A)Useamaptoidentifyyourlocation.C)Sitdownandtrytocalmyourself.B)Callyourfamilyorfriendsforhelp.D)Trytofollowyourfootprintsback.A)Youmayfindawayoutwithoutyourknowingit.B)Youmayexposeyourselftounexpecteddangers.Youmaygetdrownedinasuddenflood.Youmayendupenteringawonderland.A)Lookforfood.C)Startafire.B)Waitpatiently.D)Walkuphill.A)Informsomebodyofyourplan.C)Checkthelocalweather.B)Prepareenoughfoodanddrink.D)Findamapandacompass.PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46and50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Aginghappenstoallofus,andisgenerallythoughtofasanaturalpartoflife.Itwouldseemsillytocallsuchathinga“disease.”O(jiān)ntheotherhand,scientistsareincreasinglylearningthatagingandbiologicalagearetwodifferentthings,andthattheformerisakeyriskfactorforconditionssuchasheartdisease,cancerandmanymore.Inthatlight,agingitselfmightbeseenassomethingtreatable,thewayyouwouldtreathighbloodpressureoravitamindeficiency.BiophysicistAlexZhavoronkovbelievesthatagingshouldbeconsideredadisease.Hesaidthatdescribingagingasadiseasecreatesincentivestodeveloptreatments.“Ituntiesthehandsofthepharmaceutical制藥的)industrysothattheycanbegintreatingthediseaseandnotjustthesideeffects,”hesaid.“Rightnow,peoplethinkofagingasnaturalandsomethingyoucan'tcontrol,”hesaid.“INacademiccircles,peopletakeagingresearchasjustaninterestareawheretheycantrytodevelopinterventions.Themedicalcommunityalsotakesagingforgranted,andcandonothingaboutitexceptkeeppeoplewithinacertainhealth55range.”Butifagingwererecognizedasadisease,hesaid“,Itwouldattractfundingandchangethewaywedohealthcare.Whatmattersisunderstandthatagingiscurable.”“Itwasalwaysknownthatthebodyaccumulatesdamage”,headded.“Theonlywaytocureagingistofindwaystorepairthatdamage.Ithinkofitaspreventivemedicineforage-relatedconditions.”LeonardHayflick,aprofessorattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanFrancisco,saidtheideathatagingcanbecuredimpliesthehumanlifespancanbeincreased,whichsomeresearcherssuggestispossible.Hayflickisnotamongthem.“There'remanypeoplewhorecoverfromcancer,stroke,orheartdisease.Buttheycontinuetoage,becauseagingisseparatefromtheirdisease,”Hayflicksaid.“Evenifthosecausesofdeathwereeliminated,lifeexpectancywouldstillnotgomuchbeyond92years.”46.Whatdopeoplegenerallybelieveaboutaging?Itshouldcausenotalarmwhatsoever.Theyjustcannotdoanythingaboutit.Itshouldberegardedasakindofdisease.Theycandelayitwithadvancesinscience.domanyscientistsviewagingnow?A)Itmightbepreventedandtreated.C)Itresultsfromavitamindeficiency.B)Itcanbeasriskyasheartdisease.D)Itisanirreversiblebiologicalprocess.WhatdoesAlexZhavoronkovthinkof“describingagingasadisease”?A)Itwillpromptpeopletotakeagingmoreseriously.B)Itwillgreatlyhelpreducethesideeffectsofaging.Itwillfreepharmacistsfromtheconventionalbeliefsaboutaging.Itwillmotivatedoctorsandpharmaciststofindwaystotreataging.Whatdowelearnaboutthemedicalcommunity?A)Theynowhaveastronginterestinresearchonaging.B)Theydifferfromtheacademiccirclesintheirviewonaging.Theycancontributetopeople'shealthonlytoalimitedextent.Theyhavewaystointerveneinpeople'sagingprocess.WhatdoesProfessorLeonardHayflickbelieve?A)Thehumanlifespancannotbeprolonged.B)Agingishardlyseparablefromdisease.Fewpeoplecanliveuptotheageof92.Heartdiseaseisthemajorcauseofaging.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Femaleapplicantstopostdoctoralpositionsingeoscienceswerenearlyhalfaslikelytoreceiveexcellentlettersofrecommendation,comparedwiththeirmalecounterparts.ChristopherIntagliatareports.Asinmanyotherfields,genderbiasiswidespreadinthesciences.Menscorehigherstartingsalaries,havemorementoring(扌旨導(dǎo))，andhavebetteroddsofbeinghired.Studiesshowthey'realsoperceivedasmorecompetentthanwomeninSTEM(Science,Technology,Engineering,andMathematics)fields.Andnewresearchrevealsthatmenaremorelikelytoreceiveexcellentlettersofrecommendation,too.“Say,youknow,thisisthebeststudent'Iveeverhad,”saysKuheliDutt,asocialscientistanddiversityofficeratColumbiaUniversit'ysLamontcampus.“Comparethoseexcellentletterswithamerelygoodletter:‘Thecandidatewasproductive,orintelligent,orasolidscientistorsomethingthat'sclearlysolidpraise,'butnothingthatsinglesoutthecandidateasexceptionaloroneofakind.”Duttandhercolleaguesstudiedmorethan1,200lettersofrecommendationforpostdoctoralpositionsingeoscience.Theywerealleditedforgenderandotheridentifyinginformation,soDuttandherteamcouldassignthemascorewithoutknowingthegenderofthestudent.Theyfoundthatfemaleapplicantswereonlyhalfaslikelytogetoutstandingletters,comparedwiththeirmalecounterparts.Thatincludeslettersofrecommendationfromallovertheworld,andwrittenby,yes,menandwomen.ThefindingsareinthejournalNatureGeoscience.Duttsaystheywerenotabletoevaluatetheactualscientificqualificationsoftheapplicantsusingthedatainthefiles.Butshesaystheresultsstillsuggestwomeningeoscienceareatapotentialdisadvantagefromtheverybeginningoftheircareersstartingwiththoselessthanout-standinglettersofrecommendation.“We'renottryingtoassignblameorcriticizeanyoneorcallanyoneconsciouslysexist.Rather,thepointistousetheresultsofthisstudytoopenupmeaningfuldialoguesonimplicitgenderbias,beitatadepartmentalleveloraninstitutionallevelorevenadisciplinelevel.”Whichmayleadtosomerecommendationsfortheletterwritersthemselves.Whatdowelearnaboutapplicantstopostdoctoralpositionsingeosciences?Therearemanymoremenapplyingthanwomen.Chancesforwomentogetthepositionsarescarce.Moremalesthanfemalesarelikelytogetoutstandinglettersofrecommendation.Maleapplicantshavemoreinterestinthesepositionsthantheirfemalecounterparts.Whatdostudiesaboutmenandwomeninscientificresearchshow?A)Womenengagedinpostdoctoralworkarequicklycatchingup.B)Fewerwomenareapplyingforpostdoctoralpositionsduetogenderbias.MenarebelievedtobebetterabletoexcelinSTEMdisciplines.WomenwhoarekeenlyinterestedinSTEMfieldsareoftenexceptional.Whatdothestudiesfindabouttherecommendationlettersforwomenapplicants?A)Theyarehardlyeversupportedbyconcreteexamples.B)Theycontainnothingthatdistinguishestheapplicants.Theyprovideobjectiveinformationwithoutexaggeration.Theyareoftenfilledwithpraiseforexceptionalapplicants.WhatdidDuttandhercolleaguesdowiththemorethan1,200lettersofrecommendation?A)Theyaskedunbiasedscholarstoevaluatethem.B)Theyinvitedwomenprofessionalstoeditthem.Theyassignedthemrandomlytoreviewers.Theydeletedallinformationaboutgender.WhatdoesDuttaimtodowithherstudy?A)Raiserecommendationwriters'awarenessofgenderbiasintheirletters.B)Openupfreshavenuesforwomenpost-doctorstojoininreaserachwork.AlertwomenresearcherstoalltypesofgenderbiasintheSTEMdisciplines.Startapublicdiscussiononhowtoraisewomen'sstatusinacademiccircles.PartIVTranslation(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2.黃山位于安徽省南部。它風(fēng)景獨(dú)特，尤以其日出和云海著稱。要欣賞大山的宏偉壯麗，通常得向上看。但要欣賞黃山美景，得向下看。黃山的濕潤氣候有利于茶樹生成，是中國主要產(chǎn)茶地之一。這里還有許多溫泉，其泉水有助于防治皮膚病。黃山是中國主要旅游目的地之一，也是攝影和傳統(tǒng)國畫最受歡迎的主題。參考答案：PartIWriting：Agoodteacher-studentrelationshipwillmakelearningandteachingenjoyableandinteresting.Bothteachersandstudentsshouldmakeeffortstobuildaharmoniousrelationship.Ontheonehand,theteacherplaysanessentialroleinsettingupagoodteacher-studentrelationship.Theteachershouldmotivatethestudentsandleadthemtobeinterestedinlearning.Agoodteachershouldbepatient,kindlyandstrict.Tookindlyortoostrictcanbebothharmful.Ontheotherhand,thestudentsshouldrespecttheirteachers,andpaymoreattentioninclasstolearnhowtosolveproblems.It'simportanttolearntoraisequestionsandworkoutproblemsinnewways.Agoodteacher-studentrelationshipbenefitsboththeteachersandthestudents,soit'svitalforthemtowordharder.PartIIListeningComprehensionHerlittlebrother.Bysellinglemonadeandpictures.Providingcleanenergytofivemillionpeople.Theycanbelaidrightontopofexistinghighways.Endlessfightingintheregion.Tofindevidenceoftheexistenceofthe“l(fā)ostlions”.Lions'tracks.Aspecialgiftfromtheman.Threwherasurpriseparty.Thetripherhusbandhasplanned.Heiseagertolearnhowthecouple'sholidayturnsout.Theyaresensitivetothedynamicsofanegotiation.Theyknowwhentostop.Theylearnquickly.Gettoknowtheotherside.HowspaceresearchbenefitspeopleonEarth.Theydevelopedobjectsforastronautstouseinouterspace.Theyareextremelyaccurate.Itmarkedthebeginningofsomethingnew.Theybelievedinworkingforgoals.Doingneedleworkbythefire.Sitdownandtrytocalmyourself.Youmayexposeyourselftounexpecteddangers.Walkuphill.Informsomebodyofyourplan.Part丨丨丨ReadingComprehension(40minutes)G)exposureL)levelsF)enrollO)participatedC)championshipsE)developingM)localN)operatesI)feedingB)career36H)tobecurious,weneedtorealizefirstofallthattherearemanythingswedon'tknow.37.D).accordingtoleslie,curiosityisessentialtoonessuccess.38.O)weshouldfeelhappywhenwepursueknowledgeforknowledgessake39M)politicalleaders'lackofcuriositywillresultinbadconsequences.B)thereareoftenaccusationsandthemediaslackofcuriositytofindoutthetruthL)thelesscuriousachildis,thelessknowledgethechildmayturnouttohave.k)itiswidelyacceptedthatacademicaccomplishmentliesinbothintelligenceanddiligence.J)abookshopascuriosityeadsuscanbeagoodwaytoentertainourselves.G)boththeriseoftheinternetandreducedappetiteforliteraryfictioncontributetopeople'sdecliningcuriosity.F)mankindwouldn'tbesoinnovativewithoutcuriosity.46-50：BADCA51-55:CCBDDw