考研考博-英語-山西大學(xué)商務(wù)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-山西大學(xué)商務(wù)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Whenan'inventionismade,theinventorhasthreepossible（1）ofactionopentohim:hecangivetheinventiontotheworldbypublishingit,keeptheidea（2）,orpatentit.

A（3）patentistheresultofabargain（4）betweenaninventorandthestate,buttheinventorgetsalimitedperiodofmonopolyandpublishesfulldetailsofhisinventiontothepublicafterthatperiod（5）.

Onlythemostexceptionalcircumstances（6）thelifespanofapatent（7）toalterthisnormalprocessofevents.

Thelongestextensionever（8）wastoGeorgesValensi:his1939patentforcolorTVreceivercircuitwasextendeduntil1971becauseformostofthepatent'snormallifetherewasnocolorTVto（9）andthusnohopeforrewardfortheinvention.

Becauseapatentremainspermanently（10）afterithasterminated,theshelvesofthelibraryattachedtothe（11）officecontaindetailsofliterallymillionsofideasdialarefreeforanyonetouseand,if（12）thanhalfacentury,sometimesevenre-patent.Indeed,patentexpertsoftenadviseanyone（13）toavoidthehighcostofconductingasearchthrough（14）patentsthattheonesurewayofviolationofanyotherinventor'srightistoplagiarizeadeadpatent.Likewise,becausepublicationofanideainanyotherform（15）invalidatesfurtherpatentsonthatidea,itistraditionally（16）totakeideasfromotherareasofprint.Muchmoderntechnologicaladvanceis（17）onthesepresumptionsoflegalsecurity.

Anyoneclosely（18）inpatentsandinventionssoonlearnsthatmost"new"ideasare,infact,asoldasthehills.Itistheirreductiontocommercialpractice,eitherthroughnecessityordedication,orthroughtheavailabilityofnewtechnology,（19）makesnewsandmoney.Thebasicpatentforthetheoryformagneticrecordingdatesbackto1886.Manyoftheoriginalideasbehindtelevisionoriginate（20）thelate19thandearly20thcentury.EventheVolkswagenrearenginecarwasanticipatedbya1904patentforacartwiththehorseattherear.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.work

B.possibility

C.measures

D.courses

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.open

B.covered

C.secret

D.improved

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.granted

B.granting

C.inventing

D.invented

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.striking

B.struck

C.tobestriking

D.tostrike

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.terminating

B.continuing

C.continues

D.terminates

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.are

B.tobe

C.be

D.is

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.extending

B.willextend

C.extended

D.tobeextended

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.granted

B.granting

C.togrant

D.beinggranted

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.receiving

B.sending

C.receive

D.send

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.public

B.secret

C.close

D.concealed

問題11選項(xiàng)

A.customer

B.commerce

C.patent

D.television

問題12選項(xiàng)

A.longer

B.older

C.weaker

D.younger

問題13選項(xiàng)

A.wished

B.refusing

C.refused

D.whishing

問題14選項(xiàng)

A.live

B.dead

C.working

D.recording

問題15選項(xiàng)

A.temporarily

B.suddenly

C.permanently

D.sharply

問題16選項(xiàng)

A.dangerous

B.undesirable

C.safe

D.terrible

問題17選項(xiàng)

A.contracted

B.sent

C.anticipated

D.based

問題18選項(xiàng)

A.involving

B.involved

C.contained

D.containing

問題19選項(xiàng)

A.which

B.when

C.that

D.where

問題20選項(xiàng)

A.with

B.off

C.before

D.from

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:D

第6題:D

第7題:C

第8題:A

第9題:D

第10題:A

第11題:C

第12題:B

第13題:D

第14題:A

第15題:C

第16題:C

第17題:D

第18題:B

第19題:C

第20題:D

【解析】1.句意：當(dāng)一項(xiàng)發(fā)明創(chuàng)造問世時(shí)，對發(fā)明者而言有三種可供選擇的。因此D項(xiàng)courses（做法）符合句意。

2.句意：他可以把這項(xiàng)發(fā)明公布于世，或，或申請專利。根據(jù)空格處前后句意推測，此處選C。意為“保密”。

3.句意：專利是發(fā)明者與國家之間達(dá)成的一種契約。因此A項(xiàng)granted（授予）正確。

4.句意：授予的專利發(fā)明者與國家之間達(dá)成的一種契約。此為動詞strike的過去分詞形式做后置定語。

5.句意：按照契約，發(fā)明者可以對自己的成果在一定期限內(nèi)享有壟斷權(quán),壟斷后，他就得把發(fā)明的細(xì)節(jié)問題公之于眾。Terminate意為“結(jié)束”，此為時(shí)間狀語從句，從句中缺謂語動詞。故選D。

6.句意：只有在極其特殊的情況下才可以延長專利期限。此句為only短語位于句首，句子應(yīng)部分倒裝，主語為thelifespanofpatent，因此用系動詞is。

7.此處主語為專利，所以應(yīng)該用被動語態(tài)，is被提前了，因此選C。

8.句意：曾經(jīng)最長的專利延期名額給了GeorgesValensi。這里應(yīng)用grant的過去分詞形式表被動。

9.句意：1939年他就取得彩色電視接收器線路的專利，而且這一專利延續(xù)到1971年，因?yàn)檫@項(xiàng)專利在其大部分正常期限內(nèi)都沒有彩電可供，這樣這項(xiàng)專利無望獲得回報(bào)。因此，send（發(fā)送）符合句意。而且，空格前為動詞不定式to，因此選D。

10.句意：因?yàn)橐豁?xiàng)專利到期后，就永遠(yuǎn)了。A項(xiàng)符合句意和邏輯。

11.句意：因此，局所屬的圖書館架子上有成千上萬種專利。根據(jù)句意選C。

12.句意：如果半個(gè)世紀(jì)，任何人都可以自由使用。longer長久的，長期的；older多年的，長時(shí)間的；weaker虛弱的；younger年輕的。因此選B。

13.句意：實(shí)際上，專利專家們常對開發(fā)有效專利而又避免高額費(fèi)用的人提出建議，避免侵犯他人專利的有效辦法就是使用過期專利。此處，wish符合句意，此處邏輯主語為anyone，因此選D。

14.句意：實(shí)際上，專利專家們常對希望開發(fā)有效專利而又避免高額費(fèi)用的人提出建議，避免侵犯他人專利的有效辦法就是使用過期專利。Live實(shí)況播送的；dead無效的；working起作用；recording記錄的。因此選A。

15.因?yàn)橛萌魏纹渌绞焦加^點(diǎn)都會使之失效。C項(xiàng)permanently（永久地）符合句意。

16.句意：因此，傳統(tǒng)上，從其他印刷材料上想出辦法是。C項(xiàng)safe（安全的）符合句意。

17.句意：眾多現(xiàn)代技術(shù)的進(jìn)步都是這些法律安全的考慮。因此D項(xiàng)based（根據(jù)）符合句意。

18.句意：任何一個(gè)經(jīng)常專利和發(fā)明的人很快會得知。B項(xiàng)involved（參與了）符合句意。

19.句意：只有把握時(shí)代的需求，跟上新技術(shù)的步伐，專利才能變成商業(yè)實(shí)踐，做到名利雙收。此處為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，應(yīng)用引導(dǎo)詞that。

20.句意：電視生成原理許多原創(chuàng)思路都起源于19世紀(jì)后期和20世紀(jì)初。

2.單選題

Shakenbytwodecadesofvirtualanarchy,themajorityofpeoplewerereadytobuy_______atanyprice.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.order

B.emancipation

C.hope

D.liberty

【答案】A

【解析】order命令,秩序;emancipation解放,釋放;hope希望,信心;liberty自由,許可。句意：二十年的無政府狀態(tài)動搖了大多數(shù)人,他們準(zhǔn)備好不惜任何代價(jià)來換取秩序。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

3.單選題

Itisthefirsttimethathe（

）theschoolregulation.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.isgoingtoviolate

B.hasviolated

C.violates

D.violated

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查語法結(jié)構(gòu)。本題考查的是同位語從句中的動詞時(shí)態(tài)問題。Itisthefirsttimethat...這個(gè)句子結(jié)構(gòu)中，使用動詞的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，表示對于過去經(jīng)歷的總結(jié)，句意為：這是他第一次違反學(xué)校規(guī)則。故選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

4.單選題

Rockmusicusually______theyoungpeopleinmostcountries.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.appliesto

B.appealsto

C.amazes

D.actress

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)appliesto“適用于；向……提出申請”；B選項(xiàng)appealsto“呼吁；要求；對……有吸引力”；C選項(xiàng)amazes“使吃驚”；D選項(xiàng)actress“女演員”。句意：搖滾樂通常______大多數(shù)國家的年輕人。根據(jù)語境，這里B選項(xiàng)appealsto“對……有吸引力”搭配youngpeople比較合理，意思指年輕人喜歡搖滾樂。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Mostofuswouldliketofeelwehavesomeinfluenceoverwhathappensaroundusandtous.Citizensspeakouttoinfluencepolicyonuseofnuclearpower,conservingtheenvironmentandendangeredanimals,localandstatetaxes,theappropriateuseoffundsbyorganizationsofwhichtheyaremembers,properlanduseandthenatureofeducationinthepublicschools,andahostofotherissues.Someoftheseaffectthespeakers’immediateself-interest;othersareattemptstomakethesocialenvironmentconformmorecloselytotheirownideas.Tospeakonsuchmatterseffectivelyenoughtoinfluencetheopinionsandactionsofothersistoexercisepower.

Eveninjobsrelyingontechnicalspecialization,theopportunitiesanddemandsforpublicspeakingskillsremainmorecommonthanmanycollegestudentsrealize.Theengineerfindsthatifhiscareeristoadvancehemustbewillingtoacceptmanagementdutiesthatincludespeakingtogroupsofemployees,orhemustserveasaspokespersonforconsultantteamspresentingresultstoagenciesoutsidethecompany.Thecertifiedpublicaccountantfindsanopportunitytoteachclassesinherareaofspeculation.Thedentisthastogivespeechesasanofficerofhisdentalassociation.

Sometimesyoumayhavetomakeaspeechaspartofyourdutiesinyourjobororganization.Perhapsmorefrequentlyyouwillhaveopportunitieswhereyouspeakvoluntarily,aswhenyouspeakoutinameeting.Someofthesespeakingsituationswillbeoflittleconsequence;youwillfeelbetterifyoudothespeechwell,butitwillnotreallymakemuchdifference.Inothersituations,thespeechmaybesignificantfortheaudience.Inthesesituations,itiscomfortingtoknowthatyoucandoatleastanadequatejob.Andyoumaynotbecontentmerelytogetthroughthetaskadequately.Tobeabletoincreaselisteners’understandingortopersuadethemisoneofthemostcivilizedwaysweasindividualshaveforaffectingourenvironment.

Somebeginning-speechstudentsaresurprisedtodiscoverthattheycangiveapublicspeechatall,muchlesstheskillfulandeffectiveonestheywillbeproducingbytheendofthecourse.Theprimarypurposesofaspeechcoursearetoexpandyourunderstandingoftechniquesandstrategiesinpublicspeaking,andtogiveyousomepracticesothatyouwillbemoreconfidentandeffectiveinmoresituations.Withskillandconfidenceyoudevelopapowertobenefityourselfandthesocietyaroundyou.

1.Thetextintendstoshowyou（

）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,effectivespeakingabilitydoesbenefitpeoplealotexcepton（

）.

3.Youneedtospeakeffectivelyif（

）.

4.Itisimpliedinthetextthat（

）.

5.Sometimesyouarenotcontentwhenyoufinishyourspeechbecauseyouknow（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theimportanceofspeakingbeforethepublic

B.thetechniquesandstrategiesinpublicspeaking

C.thepurposesandaimsofaspeechcourse

D.themostcivilizedwaystoexertourinfluences

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.environmentalconservation

B.audienceawareness

C.technicalmaintenance

D.careerpromotion

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.youareastudent

B.youareanengineer

C.youwanttostudywell

D.youwanttoinfluenceothers

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.agoodspeakermayhavegreaterchanceinhiscareer

B.makinggoodspeechesispartofthedutiesofanengineer

C.speakingatameetingisoftenpartofone’sduties

D.peopleoftenexercisetheirpowerbymakingspeeches

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.yourspeechmakeslittledifferencetotheaudience

B.theaudience’sbetterunderstandingismoreessentialtoyou

C.makinggoodspeechesispartofthedutiesofanengineer

D.thespeech-makingoccasionisnotimportantintheleast

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:1.結(jié)合文章內(nèi)容可知，本文主要講的是在公眾面前講話的重要性，選項(xiàng)B，C，D是文中提到的細(xì)節(jié)，不是本文主旨，所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

2.根據(jù)第二段第一句“Eveninjobsrelyingon...collegestudentsrealize.”即使是在依靠專業(yè)技能的工作中，對公眾演講技能的機(jī)會和需求也比許多大學(xué)生意識到的更為普遍。由此可以推斷，公眾演講對技能要求高，很難保持。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

3.根據(jù)第一段最后一句“Tospeakonsuchmatterseffectivelyenoughtoinfluencetheopinionsandactionsofothersistoexercisepower.”在這樣的問題上有效地發(fā)言，足以影響他人的意見和行動，就是在行使權(quán)力。也就是說，如果你想影響別人，你的講話一定要有效。選項(xiàng)D正確。

4.根據(jù)第二段的第二句“Theengineerfindsthatifhiscareeristoadvancehemustbewillingtoacceptmanagementdutiesthatincludespeakingtogroupsofemployees...”工程師發(fā)現(xiàn),如果他的職業(yè)生涯想要發(fā)展，他必須愿意承擔(dān)管理職責(zé)，包括向員工群體發(fā)表演講...由此可以推斷，一個(gè)好的演講者在他的職業(yè)生涯中可能有更大的機(jī)遇。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

5.根據(jù)第三段最后兩句可知，你可能不僅僅只是滿足于完成（演講）任務(wù)，能夠增加聽眾的理解或說服他們是我們作為個(gè)體影響環(huán)境的最文明的方式之一。所有選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

第2題:

第3題:

第4題:

第5題:

6.單選題

Althoughthistheorywasneverrigidlydisproved,thedoctrinewasgenerallyabandoned（）theopposingview.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.infavorof

B.inplaceof

C.insteadof

D.intermsof

【答案】A

【解析】介詞詞組辨析。infavorof“贊同，支持”；inplaceof“代替”；insteadof“代替，而不是……”；intermsof“在……方面”。句意：盡管這一理論沒有被嚴(yán)格地被反駁過，但是教條會被拋棄，而轉(zhuǎn)向它的對立面。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

7.單選題

Youradvicewouldbe（

）valuabletohim,whoisatpresentathiswit’send.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.exceedingly

B.excessively

C.extensively

D.exclusively

【答案】A

【解析】考查形近詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)exceedingly“非常，極其”；B選項(xiàng)excessively“過度地”；C選項(xiàng)extensively“廣大地，廣泛地”；D選項(xiàng)exclusively“唯一地”。根據(jù)valuable（很重要的，寶貴的）可知A選項(xiàng)符合語境。句意：你的建議對他來說是非常寶貴的，因?yàn)樗F(xiàn)在束手無策。

8.單選題

In1987,H.I.V/AIDSjoinedalistofdiseasesthatcouldkeepapersonoutoftheUnitedStates.Thegovernmentlatertriedtocancel,itsdecision,butcongressmadethetravelbanapartofimmigrationlaw.PeoplewithH.I.V.,thevirusthatcausesAIDS,couldseekanexception,butthatmeantextrawork.

Lastyear,CongressandPresidentGeorgeW.Bushbegantheprocessofendingthetravelban.NowPresidentObamaisfinishingtheprocess.

BARACKOBAMA:“Wetalkaboutreducingthestigmaofthisdisease,yetwehavetreatedavisitorlivingwithitasathreat.WeleadtheworldwhenitcomestohelpingtheAIDSpandemic,yetweareonlyadozencountriesthatstillbarpeopleH.I.V.fromenteringourcountry.”

AfinalrulepublishedMondaywillendthetravelbaneffectiveJanuaryfourth.H.I.V.willnolongerbeaconditionthatcanexcludepeople.AndH.I.V.testingwillnolongerforthosewhoneedamedicalexaminationforimmigrationpurposes.AIDShaskilledmorethantwenty-fivepeoplesincetheearly1980s.

InSeptember,therewasnewsthatavaccineshowedsomeabilitytopreventH.I.V.infectioninhumansforthefirsttime.ThefullresultsofthevaccinestudywerepresentedinlaterOctoberataninternationalconferenceinParis.TheywerealsoreportedintheNewEnglandJournalofMedicine.TheresearchersconfirmedthatthestudyinThailandproducedonly“modest”results.

TheUnitedStatesArmysponsoredthevaccinetrial.Thestudycombinedtwovaccines,usingversionsofH.I.V.commoninThailand.Neithervaccinealonehadshownsuccessinearlierstudies.

Thairesearcherstestedthecombinationinmorethan16,000volunteers.Halfofthevolunteersgotthevaccine.Theothersgotaplacebo,aninactivesubstance.AllweregivencondomsandcounselingonAIDSpreventionforthreeyears.Thestudyfound31percentfewercasesofinfectioninthevaccinegroupthanintheplacebogroup.

Butcriticssaidthefindingscouldpossiblyhaveresultedfromchance.TheannouncementinSeptemberwasbasedonall16,000volunteers.Almostone-thirdofthem,howeverdidn’tfollowalltherequiredstepsinthestudy.Resultsjustfromthosewhodidweresimilartothelargergroup,buttheinfluenceofchanceiswaymoreofapossibility.

Still,theresearcherssaidthestudyproducedenoughvaluableinformationtooffernewhopesforAIDSresearch.

1.Accordingtothearticle,（）didnotwantpeoplewithH.I.V.virustoseekentrytoAmericatwentyyearsago.

2.Accordingtothisarticle,itwas（）whosponsoredthatmedicalexperimenttofindvaccineforH.I.V.carriers.

3.Fromthearticlewecaninferthat8,000volunteersin（）weregiventhevaccine.

4.Accordingtothearticle,whichoneofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

5.Accordingtothecritics,thefindingsofthetest（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.GeorgeBush

B.Obama

C.theCongress

D.theSenate

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.theThaiGovernment

B.theFrenchGovernment

C.thescientistfromNewEngland

D.theUnitedStatesArmy

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Thailand

B.theUnitedStatesofAmerica

C.France

D.Canada

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.AmericawastheonlycountrythatpreventedpeoplewithH.I.V.fromenteringthecountry.

B.OnlyafewcountriesrefusedtoissueentryvisatopeoplewithH.I.V.

C.TheconferenceheldinPariswasonAIDSprevention.

D.ThevaccinetestconductedinThailandproducedimportantresults.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.hasproducedenoughvaluableinformation

B.shouldnotbetakenseriously

C.hasproducedreliablestatistics

D.haspavedasolidfoundationforfurtherresearch

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第一段第二句“Thegovernmentlatertriedtocancel,itsdecision,butcongressmadethetravelbanapartofimmigrationlaw.”政府后來試圖取消這一規(guī)定，但國會將旅行禁令作為移民法的一部分。由此可知，選項(xiàng)C正確。

2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第六段第一句“TheUnitedStatesArmysponsoredthevaccinetrial.”美國軍方贊助了疫苗試驗(yàn)。由此可知，選項(xiàng)D正確。

3.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第七段的一二句“Thairesearcherstestedthecombinationinmorethan16,000volunteers.Halfofthevolunteersgotthevaccine.Theothersgotaplacebo...”泰國研究人員對1.6萬多名志愿者進(jìn)行了測試。一半的志愿者接種了疫苗。另一半則使用安慰劑。由此可知選項(xiàng)A正確。

4.是非判斷題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“yetweareonlyadozencountriesthatstillbarpeopleH.I.V.fromenteringourcountry.”我國（美國）也是僅有的十幾個(gè)禁止艾滋病人入境的國家之一。由此可知，選項(xiàng)A錯(cuò)誤，選項(xiàng)B正確；根據(jù)第五段第二句“ThefullresultsofthevaccinestudywerepresentedinlaterOctoberataninternationalconferenceinParis.”可知，在巴黎舉行的會議是公布研究結(jié)果而不是預(yù)防艾滋，所以選項(xiàng)C錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)第五段最后一句“TheresearchersconfirmedthatthestudyinThailandproducedonly'modest'results.”研究人員證實(shí)，在泰國進(jìn)行的這項(xiàng)研究只產(chǎn)生了“溫和”的結(jié)果，所以選項(xiàng)D也錯(cuò)誤。

5.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第一句“Butcriticssaidthefindingscouldpossiblyhaveresultedfromchance.”批評人士表示，這些發(fā)現(xiàn)可能是偶然的。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

9.單選題

EverySundayeveningthereisa（

）ofpeoplearoundthepavilionintheparksinceithasbecomearegularsiteforanEnglishcorner.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.congruence

B.congratulation

C.congress

D.congregation

【答案】D

【解析】congruence適合，一致；congratulation祝賀，賀辭；congress代表大會；congregation集會，集合。句意：自從這里成為英語角的固定場所后，每個(gè)星期天的晚上都會有很多人聚集在公園的亭子周圍。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

10.單選題

Ifwe（）ourrelationswiththatcountry,we’llhavetofindanothersupplierofrawmaterials.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.diffuse

B.diminish

C.terminate

D.preclude

【答案】C

【解析】句意:如果我們終止與那個(gè)國家的關(guān)系，那么我們將必須找到另一個(gè)原材料供應(yīng)商。

考查動詞辨析。diffuse傳播，普及，使分散;diminish使減少，使變小;terminate使終止，使結(jié)束，解雇;preclude排除，妨礙，阻止。根據(jù)后半句句意可知C符合句意。

11.單選題

Itmakesme（

）whenpeopledon’tlisten,andthenasksillyquestions.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.furious

B.generous

C.mysterious

D.suspicious

【答案】A

【解析】形容詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)furious“生氣的，狂怒的”；B選項(xiàng)generous“慷慨的”；C選項(xiàng)mysterious“神秘的”；D選項(xiàng)suspicious“可疑的”。

句意：別人不聽，然后問些愚蠢的問題，這讓我很生氣。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

12.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Thestratosphericozonelayerisnotacompletelyuniformstratum,nordoesitoccuratthesamealtitudearoundtheglobe.ItliesclosesttotheEarthoverthepolesandrisestomaximumaltitudeovertheequator.Inthestratosphere,ozoneiscontinuouslybeingmadeanddestroyedbynaturalprocesses.DuringthedaytheSunbreaksdownsomeoftheoxygenmoleculestosingleoxygenatoms,andtheseatoms,reactingwithoxygenmoleculesthathavenotbeendissociated,formozone.However,thesunlightalsobreaksdownozonebyconvertingsomeofitbacktonormaloxygen.Inaddition,naturallyoccurringnitrogenoxidesenterintothecycleandspeedthebreakdownreactions.Theamountofozonepresentatanyonetimeisthebalancebetweentheprocessesthatcreateitandthosethatdestroyit.

Sincethesplittingoftheoxygenmoleculesdependsdirectlyupontheintensityofsolarradiation,thegreatestrateofozoneproductionoccursoverthetropics.However,ozoneisalsodestroyedmostrapidlythere,andwindcirculationpatternscarrytheozone-enrichedupperlayersoftheatmosphereawayfromtheequator.Itturnsoutthatthelargesttotalozoneamountsarefoundathighlatitudes.OnatypicaldaytheamountofozoneoverMinnesota,forexample,is30percentgreaterthantheamountover900milesfarthersouth.Thedensityandaltitudeoftheozonelayeralsochangewiththeseasons,theweather,andtheamountofsolaractivity.Nevertheless,atanyoneplaceabovetheEarth’ssurface,thelongtermaveragesmaintainedbynaturalprocessesarebelievedtobereasonablyconstant.

TheamountofozoneneartheEarthisonlyasmallpercentoftheamountinthestratosphere,andexchangeofmoleculesbetweentheozonelayerandatthegroundlevelisthoughttoberelativelysmall.Furthermore,theozonemoleculeissounstablethatonlyatinyfractionofground-levelozonecouldsurvivethelongtriptothestratosphere,sotheozonelayerwillnotbereplenishedtoanysignificantdegreebytheincreasingconcentrationsofozonethathavebeendetectedinrecentyearsneartheEarth’ssurface.Thelong-termaveragesofozonebothneargroundlevelandinthestratosphereareregulatedbycontinuousprocessesthatareconstantlydestroyingandcreatingitineachoftheseplaces.Thisiswhyscientistsaresoconcernedabouthumanbeing’sinjectionintothestratospherechemicalslikenitrogenoxides,whicharecatalyststhatfacilitatethebreakdownofozone.Iftheozonelayerisdepletedsignificantly,moreultravioletradiationwouldpenetratetotheEarth’ssurfaceanddamagemanylivingorganisms.

1.What’sthethematicquestionofthepassage?

2.Accordingtothepassage,whatmostresemblestheprocessesthatdeterminetheamountofozoneintheupperstratosphere?

3.WhichofthefollowinghastheLEASTeffectontheamountofozoneintheupperatmosphere?

4.Intermsoftheamountofozoneinthestratosphere,naturalprocessesareassumedtoform______.

5.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Howtodealwiththerelationsbetweenozonelayerandradiationdamage?

B.Whatistheaveragethicknessofthestratosphericozonelayer?

C.Whydoesincreaseexposuretoultravioletradiationdestroymanylivingorganisms?

D.Howisstratosphericozonecreatedandchanged?

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Automobileemissionsandseasonalfogsthatcreatealayerofsmogoveracity.

B.Plantingandharvestingactivitiesthatproduceacropwhosesizeisalwaysaboutthesame.

C.Depositsandwithdrawalsmadeinabankaccountwhoseaveragebalanceremainsmuchthesame.

D.Assetsandliabilitiesthatdeterminethenetworthofacorporation.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Weather.

B.Latitude.

C.Season.

D.Ground-levelozone.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.achainofrandomlyoccurringphenomena

B.aninteractiverelationship

C.areductionsystem

D.alinearprogression

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Solarradiationnotonlyproducesanddamagesozonebutalsoposesahazardtohumanlife.

B.Naturallyoccurringnitrogenoxides,aswellasthoseintroducedbyhumans,tendtodepletethelayerofozoneinthestratosphere.

C.Adelicatebutreasonablyconstantbalanceexistsbetweenthenaturalprocessthatproduceozoneandthosethatdestroyitinthestratosphere.

D.Changesintheconcentrationofozoneinthestratospheretendtocancelthemselvesoutafteraperiodoftime.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

1.What’sthethematicquestionofthepassage?1.這篇文章的主題問題是什么？

A.Howtodealwiththerelationsbetweenozonelayerandradiationdamage?A.如何處理臭氧層與輻射損害的關(guān)系？

B.Whatistheaveragethicknessofthestratosphericozonelayer?B.平流層臭氧層的平均厚度是多少？

C.Whydoesincreaseexposuretoultravioletradiationdestroymanylivingorganisms?C.為什么紫外線輻射的增加會破壞許多生物體？

D.Howisstratosphericozonecreatedandchanged?D.平流層臭氧是如何產(chǎn)生和改變的？

【考查點(diǎn)】主旨大意題。

【解題思路】通讀全文可知，文章第一段介紹了平流層臭氧是如何產(chǎn)生的，第二、三段講述了影響臭氧含量的一些因素，包括太陽活動、季節(jié)、天氣和緯度，以及解釋臭氧是如何被破壞和創(chuàng)造，但又能保持平衡，綜合理解可推斷，這篇文章主要是回答平流層臭氧是如何產(chǎn)生和改變的這個(gè)問題，故該題選擇D項(xiàng)“平流層臭氧是如何產(chǎn)生和改變的？”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A項(xiàng)“如何處理臭氧層與輻射損害的關(guān)系？”、B項(xiàng)“平流層臭氧層的平均厚度是多少？”和C項(xiàng)“為什么紫外線輻射的增加會破壞許多生物體？”，原文沒有談到這三個(gè)問題，這三項(xiàng)屬于無中生有。

2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

2.Accordingtothepassage,whatmostresemblestheprocessesthatdeterminetheamountofozoneintheupperstratosphere?2.根據(jù)文章，什么最類似于決定平流層上層的臭氧量的過程？

A.Automobileemissionsandseasonalfogsthatcreatealayerofsmogoveracity.A.汽車尾氣和季節(jié)性霧霾會在城市上空形成一層霧霾。

B.Plantingandharvestingactivitiesthatproduceacropwhosesizeisalwaysaboutthesame.B.種植和收獲活動產(chǎn)生的作物的規(guī)?？偸窍嗤?/p>

C.Depositsandwithdrawalsmadeinabankaccountwhoseaveragebalanceremainsmuchthesame.C.在銀行賬戶上的存款和取款，其平均余額基本不變。

D.Assetsandliabilitiesthatdeterminethenetworthofacorporation.D.決定公司凈資產(chǎn)的資產(chǎn)和負(fù)債。

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】首先定位第二段，該段對平流層上層的臭氧量變化過程有描述，根據(jù)前三句“由于氧分子的分裂直接取決于太陽輻射的強(qiáng)度，臭氧產(chǎn)生的最大速率發(fā)生在熱帶地區(qū)。然而，那里的臭氧被破壞的速度也最快，風(fēng)環(huán)流模式將富含臭氧的上層大氣帶離赤道。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)，臭氧總量最大的地區(qū)是高緯度地區(qū)?！币约白詈笠痪洹叭欢诘厍虮砻娴娜魏我粋€(gè)地方，自然過程所維持的長期平均值被認(rèn)為是相當(dāng)恒定的?！睆闹锌芍瑹釒У貐^(qū)的臭氧產(chǎn)生速率是最高的，但是臭氧含量最高的是高緯度地區(qū)，因?yàn)轱L(fēng)環(huán)流模式會將富含臭氧的上層大氣帶到高緯度地區(qū)，這是自然過程維持的一個(gè)恒定的平均值，也就是說產(chǎn)生和帶走的臭氧量的平均值會保持恒定，這與C項(xiàng)“在銀行賬戶上的存款和取款，其平均余額基本不變”類似，故該題選擇C項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A項(xiàng)“汽車尾氣和季節(jié)性霧霾會在城市上空形成一層霧霾”、B項(xiàng)“種植和收獲活動產(chǎn)生的作物的規(guī)模總是相同”和D項(xiàng)“決定公司凈資產(chǎn)的資產(chǎn)和負(fù)債”沒有表現(xiàn)出保持恒定這一過程，這三項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文。

3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

3.WhichofthefollowinghastheLEASTeffectontheamountofozoneintheupperatmosphere?3.下列哪項(xiàng)對上層大氣中的臭氧量影響最?。?/p>