(完整版)英語八大時(shí)態(tài)用法詳解

5英語八大時(shí)態(tài)用法詳解一．一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)概念：表示經(jīng)常、反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為及現(xiàn)在的某種狀況。2.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+be動(dòng)詞(is/am/are)+表語(2)主語+行為動(dòng)詞的原形或單數(shù)第三人稱形式+其他(3)Therebe句型：Thereis/are+n.+介詞短語is/are根據(jù)n.的單復(fù)數(shù)決定。否定形式：(1)am/is/are+not；謂語動(dòng)詞若為行為動(dòng)詞，則在其前加don',如主語為第三人稱單數(shù)，則用doesn't,同時(shí)行為動(dòng)詞還原為原形。Thereis/arenot+n.+介詞短語一般疑問句：把is/am/are動(dòng)詞放于句首；用助動(dòng)詞do提問，如主語為第三人稱單數(shù)，則用does，同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞；)Thereis/are+n.+介詞短語：is/are動(dòng)詞放于句首。標(biāo)志性時(shí)間狀語：on+星期s=every星期(2)once/twice/threetimesaweek(month/year…)頻度副詞always/usually/often/sometimes=attimes=(every)onceinawhile/seldom/never(不絕對)inthemornings/afternoons/evenings=everymorning/afternoon/evening用法：表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，常與表示頻度的時(shí)間狀語連用。如：Ileavehomeforschoolat7everymorning.(2)表示客觀真理，客觀存在或科學(xué)事實(shí)。如：Theearthmovesaroundthesun.(3)表示格言或警句。如：Pridegoesbeforeafall.驕者必?cái)　Ｗ⒁猓捍擞梅ㄈ绻霈F(xiàn)在賓語從句中，即使主句是過去時(shí)，從句謂語也要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如：Columbusprovedthattheearthisround.表示現(xiàn)在時(shí)刻的狀態(tài)、能力、性格、個(gè)性等。如：Idon'twantsomuch.AnnwritesgoodEnglishbutdoesnotspeakwell.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來含義come,go,arrive,leave,start,begin,return的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)可以表示將來，主要用來表示在時(shí)間上已確定或安排好的事情。如：Thetrainleavesatsixtomorrowmorning.—Whendoesthebusstar?—Itstarsintenminutes.在時(shí)間或條件狀語句中。女如WhenBillcomes(不是willcome),askhimtowaitforme.I'llwritetoyouassoonasIarrivethere.二．一般過去時(shí)概念：表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)；過去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作或行為?；窘Y(jié)構(gòu)：主語+was/were+表語主語+行為動(dòng)詞的過去式+其他Therebe句型:Therewas/were+n.+介詞短語主語+could+動(dòng)詞原形主語+usedtodosth否定形式：(1)was/were+not；在行為動(dòng)詞前加didn't,同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。Therewas/werenot+n.+介詞短語主語+couldnot+動(dòng)詞原形主語+usednottodosth或主語+didn'tusetodosth一般疑問句：(1)was或were放于句首；用助動(dòng)詞do的過去式did提問，同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞；Therewas/were+n.+介詞短語:was或were放于句首；could放于句首；Used主語+todosth或Did+主語+usetodosth時(shí)間狀語：(1)last短語(2)時(shí)間段+ago(3)yesterday及yesterday短語attheageof=whensb.was+年齡(5)inone'steens/twenties固定短語：justnow=amomentago,oneday,fromthenon,atthattime,thedaybeforeyesterday,before,longbefore,inthepast,inthe/earlyolddays,intheancientdays,intheancient+國家，longlongago=onceuponatime(故事的開頭)用法：在確定的過去時(shí)間里所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。如：Wheredidyougojustnow?表示在過去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)，經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。如：WhenIwasachild,Ioftenplayedfootballinthestreet.注意：usedtodosth“過去常常做某事”，表示過去習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，但如今已不存在。如：Motherusednottobesoforgetful.媽媽過去沒這么健忘。用于時(shí)間狀語從句a.由when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，從句用一般過去時(shí)態(tài)，主句用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。如：Hismotherwascookingwhenhecameback.由since/before引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，從句用一般過去時(shí)態(tài)，主句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。如：IhavemademanyfriendssinceIcametoChina.Ithasbeen/is15yearssinceIwasateacher.Ithasbeen/is15yearsbeforeheknewit.不知不覺15年過去了。由when/bythetime/before引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，從句用一般過去時(shí)態(tài)，主句用過去完成時(shí)態(tài)。如：Theplanehadtakenoffwhen/bythetimewearrivedattheairport.TheEnlishclasshadbegunbeforeIgottoschool.三．現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)概念：表示現(xiàn)階段或說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作及行為。基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+am/is/are+doing否定形式：主語+am/is/are+not+doing一般疑問句：把be動(dòng)詞放于句首。時(shí)間狀語：now(2)atthistime=atthis/themoment(3)Look!/Lookat...!Listen!/Listento...!(5)thesedays/months/years(6)Itis+時(shí)間點(diǎn)/日期/星期4.用法：表示現(xiàn)在(指說話人說話時(shí))正在發(fā)生的事情。女如Wearewaitingforyou.表示長期的或重復(fù)性的動(dòng)作，說話時(shí)動(dòng)作未必正在進(jìn)行。如：MrGreeniswritinganothernovel.(說話時(shí)并不一定在寫小說)表示動(dòng)作的漸變，這樣的動(dòng)詞有：get,grow,become,turn,run,go,begin等。如：Theleavesareturningred.It'sgettingwarmerandwarmer.與always,constantly,forever等詞連用，表示反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或持續(xù)存在的狀態(tài)，往往帶有說話人的主觀色彩。如：Youarealwayschangingyourmind.你老是改變主意。(5)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來下列動(dòng)詞come,go,arrive,leave,start,begin,return等瞬間動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示將來。如：I'mleavingtomorrow.四．過去進(jìn)行時(shí)概念：表示過去某段時(shí)間或某一時(shí)刻正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的行為或動(dòng)作。如：Mybrotherfellwhilehewasridinghisbicycleandhurthimself.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+was/were+doing否定形式：主語+was/were+not+doing一般疑問句：把was或were放于句首。時(shí)間狀語：(1)atthattime(2)atthistime+過去的時(shí)間(3)Itwas+時(shí)間點(diǎn)/日期/星期(過去)fromA時(shí)間toB時(shí)間+過去的時(shí)間用法：過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過去某段時(shí)間內(nèi)持續(xù)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或者事情。如：WewerewatchingTVfromseventoninelastnight.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示在過去某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)發(fā)生的事情。時(shí)間點(diǎn)可以用介詞短語、副詞或從句來表示。如：Whatwasshedoingatnineo'clockyesterday?(介詞短語表示時(shí)間點(diǎn))Shewasdoingherhomeworkthen.(副詞表示時(shí)間點(diǎn))WhenIsawhimhewasdecoratinghisroom.(when從句表示時(shí)間點(diǎn))在復(fù)合句中，如果主要?jiǎng)幼骱捅尘皠?dòng)作都是延續(xù)的或同時(shí)發(fā)生的，那么主從句的動(dòng)詞都可用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。如：Whenhewaswaitingforthebus,hewasreadinganewspaper.(兩個(gè)動(dòng)作都是延續(xù)的)HewascleaninghiscarwhileIwascooking.(兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行或主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句的動(dòng)作過程中)五．一般將來時(shí)概念：表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計(jì)劃或準(zhǔn)備做某事。基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+am/is/are/goingtodosth(2)主語+willdosth主語+am/is/arettodosth(4)主語+am/is/areabouttodosth否定形式：(1)主語+am/is/are+not+goingtodosth(2)主語+willnot(won't)dosth(3)主語+am/is/arenotttodosth(4)主語+am/is/arenotabouttodosth一般疑問句：(1)am/is/are放于句首；(2)will置于句首。(3)am/is/are放于句首；(4)am/is/are放于句首；2.時(shí)間狀語：(1)tomorrow及其短語、thedayaftertomorrow(2)next短語(3)固定短語：oneday,someday=someday,inthefuture,fromnow/todayon,beforelong,sometime,in+時(shí)間段(多長時(shí)間之后),infollowing+時(shí)間段will主要用于以下三個(gè)方面：(1)表示主觀意愿的將來。如：Theywillgotovisitthefactorytomorrow.(2)表示不以人的意志為轉(zhuǎn)移的客觀的將來。如：TodayisSaturday.TomorrowwillbeSunday.Hewillbethirtyyearsoldthistimenextyear.(3)表示臨時(shí)決定，通常用于對話中。Maryhasbeenillforaweek.Oh,Ididn'tknow.Iwillgoandseeher.begoingto主要用于以下兩個(gè)方面：(1)表示事先經(jīng)過考慮、打算、計(jì)劃要做某事。如：DadandIaregoingtowatchanoperathisafternoon.今天下午我和爸爸打算去看歌劇。(2)表示根據(jù)目前某種跡象判斷，某事非常有可能發(fā)生，表示推測。如：Look!Therecomethedarkclouds.Itisgoingtorain.用于狀語從句由when/assoonas/begore/after等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句或者if,unless,as/solongas引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)或從句為祈使句，再或者從句中含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，主句用一般將來時(shí)態(tài)。(可理解為主將從現(xiàn)、主祈從現(xiàn)、主情從現(xiàn))如：Don'ttroubletroublesuntiltroubletroublesyou.Hewillhelpyououtwheneveryouhaveproblems.Iwon'tgotothepartyunlessI'minvited.六．過去將來時(shí)概念：立足于過去某一時(shí)刻，從過去看將來，常用于賓語從句中?；窘Y(jié)構(gòu)：(1)主語+was/were/goingtodosth(2)主語+woulddosth否定形式：(1)主語+was/were/not+goingtodosth(2)主語+would+not+dosth一般疑問句：(1)was或were放于句首；(2)would提到句首。時(shí)間狀語：thenextday(morning,year),thefollowingmonth(week)等。用法：“would+動(dòng)詞原形”常表示主觀意愿的將來。如：Hesaidhewouldcometoseeme.他說他要來看我?！皐as/were+goingto+動(dòng)詞原形”常表示按計(jì)劃或安排即將發(fā)生的事。如：Shesaidshewasgoingtostartoffatonce.Iwastoldthathewasgoingtoreturnhome.此結(jié)構(gòu)還可表示根據(jù)某種跡象來看，很可能或即將發(fā)生的事情。如：Itseemedasifitwasgoingtorain.看來好像要下雨。come，go，leave，arrive，start等瞬時(shí)動(dòng)詞可用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過去將來的含義。如：Hesaidthetrainwasleavingatsixthenextmorning.Shetoldmeshewascomingtoseeme.七．現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1.概念：過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，或從過去已經(jīng)開始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并且有可能繼續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)?；窘Y(jié)構(gòu)：主語+have/has+done+其他否定形式：主語+have/has+not+done+其他一般疑問句：Have/Has+主語+done+其他時(shí)間狀語：(1)already(用于肯定句)yet(否定句和一般疑問句)(2)just,ever,before,neversofar=uptonow=until/tillnow=bynow(4)over/inthepast/last+時(shí)間段(5)by+時(shí)間(6)bytheendof+現(xiàn)在的時(shí)間since+過去時(shí)間(如具體的年、月、日、鐘點(diǎn)等，如：1980,lastmonth,halfpastsix)since+一段時(shí)間+ago(9)recently=lately(10)inrecent+時(shí)間段特殊用法：由since/before引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，從句用一般過去時(shí)態(tài)，主句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。如：IhavemademanyfriendssinceIcametoChina.Ithasbeen/is15yearssinceIwasateacher.Ithasbeen/is15yearsbeforeheknewit.不知不覺15年過去了。用于由that引導(dǎo)的定語從句中,先行詞前有形容詞的最高級修飾。如：You'rethebestteacherthathasevertaughtme.比較since和forsince用來說明動(dòng)作起始時(shí)間，for用來說明動(dòng)作延續(xù)時(shí)間的長度。如：Wehaven'thadanyguestssincewemovedinhere.Ihavelivedhereformorethantwentyyears.注意：并非有for作為時(shí)間狀語的句子都用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。Iworkedhereformorethantwentyyears.(我現(xiàn)在已不在這里工作。)延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)換：leavebeawayfromborrowkeepbuyhavebegin/startbeondiebedeadfinishbeoveropensthkeepsthopenjoinbein+組織機(jī)構(gòu)或beamemberof+組織機(jī)構(gòu)fallill/asleepbeill/asleepgetupbeupcatch/getacoldhaveacoldcomeherebeheregotherebetherebecome/get+adj.be+adjcome