初中定語從句基礎(chǔ)篇公開課一等獎省優(yōu)質(zhì)課大賽獲獎?wù)n件

初中定語從句基礎(chǔ)講解

什么是定語從句呢？修飾前面某一名詞或代詞從句叫定語從句。結(jié)構(gòu)：先行詞+關(guān)系詞+句子Ilovesingerswhowritetheirownmusic.先行詞關(guān)系詞定語從句

Theman

wholivesnexttousisa

policeman.先行詞____________________關(guān)系詞___定語從句關(guān)系詞關(guān)系代詞:that,which,who,whom,whose關(guān)系副詞:when,where,why先行詞是人(n.)+who/that+從句先行詞是物(n.)+that

/which+從句

Ihave

anapple.Anapple

isred.Ihave

anapplethat

isred.修飾先行詞anapple

主語主語關(guān)系詞that在定語從句中作主語時不能省掉。Ilikesomefriends.

Somefriendslikesports.Ilikesomefriendswho/thatlikesports.修飾先行詞friends

主語主語關(guān)系詞who/that在定語從句中作主語時不能省掉。Ilikethemusic.Icandancetothemusic.Ilikethemusicthat/whichIcandanceto.賓語賓語關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作賓語時能夠省掉。Ilikethegirl.Youaretalkingtothegirl.Ilikethegirlwho(m)youaretalkingto.賓語賓語/that關(guān)系詞who/that在定語從句中作賓語時能夠省掉。小結(jié)：which－指___，作主語，不能省略；作賓語，能夠省略.who－指___，作主語，不能省略；作賓語，能夠省略,（慣用whom）that－可指______，作主語，不能省略；作賓語，能夠省略。物人人或物關(guān)系代詞who/that作用：a.做代詞，代替先行詞b.在從句中擔(dān)任句子成份：主語或賓語c.做連詞，把主句和從句連接起來Ilovesingerswhowritetheirownmusic.注意1.who和whom

Theladywho/thatistalkingtomyteacherismymother.Theladywho/whom/thatmyteacheristalkingtoismymother.

先行詞在從句中做主語，用who/that

先行詞在從句中做賓語，用who/whom/that

who是主格，whom是賓格

注意2.什么時候能夠省略關(guān)系代詞Thegirlwho/whomissinginganEnglishsongisTom’ssister.Mr.Liuistheperson(who/whom/that)youtalkedaboutoften.總結(jié)：先行詞在從句中做賓語，能夠省略關(guān)系代詞；先行詞在從句中做主語，不能夠省略關(guān)系代詞。練習(xí)：判斷Who/that在從句中擔(dān)任主語還是賓語。IlovesingerswhowritetheirownsongsHeisthemanwhoImetyesterday.IlikemusicthatIcandanceto.Ipreferasandwichthatisreallydelicious.主語賓語賓語主語3.whose作定語,表示所屬關(guān)系。

Theboyismyclassmate.

Theboy’sfatherisapoliceman.Theboywhosefatherisapolicemanismyclassmate.Haveyouseenabook_____coverisread?A.thatB.whichC.whoseD.what1Ihavesomefriendsthat_____(be)

friendly.2.QiuWeizheisaboywho____(like)basketball.定語從句幾點注意：（一）關(guān)系代詞作主語時，從句謂語動詞數(shù)由先行詞決定。arelikes只能用that幾個情況1.ThisisthefirstplaythatIhaveseensinceIcamehere.2.Everythingthatwesawinthisfilmwastrue.3.Whoisthegirlthatisstandingunderthetree?4.I’veneverheardofthepeopleandthingsthatyoutalkedaboutjustnow.請自己總結(jié)哪四種情況只能用that

不能用that情況

1)Thegirlwho/thatisstandingthereismysister.Theboy,whoisverytall,ismycousin.

在含有逗號非限制性定語從句中，不能用that5.不能用that情況

2)Thewomanwho/whom/thatmyteacheristalkingtoismymother.=Thewomantowhommyteacheristalkingismymother.若將定語從句末尾介詞提到關(guān)系代詞前，只能用which/whom,組成：介詞+whom/介詞+which思索：Thechildrenwho/whom/thatthenursetakescareofarehealthy.這個定語從句末尾介詞of不能提前，為何？用who/that/which/whom填空。1.Ihaveabrother__________likessoccer.2.Tomdoesn’tlikemovies____________aretoolongandtooscary.3.Wepreferbands___________play

loudandenergeticsongs.4.

Helikesfriends_________oftenhelpeachother.who/thatwhich/thatwhich/thatwho/that用who/that/which/whom填空。5.Ihaven’twatchedthemovie___________myfriendsaretalkingabout..6.Thewoman_______________myfatheristalkingtoismyEnglishteacher.7.Theteacherisangrywiththeboy________madeabigmistake.8.

Thosearethesingers_________________wemetattheparty.which/that/省略who/whom/thatwho/thatwho/whom/that/省略用who/that/which/whom填空。9.Ican’tforgetthepeopleandtheplace________wevisitedlastmonth.10.Whoisthedoctor________willgiveusatalk?.11.Whichisthebook_____youwanttobuy?12.

I’mtheonlyperson_______candothisjobright.13.Itisthemostdelicious_________Ihaveeverhad.

14.Isthereanything_________Icandoforyou?15.Youarethefirstperson________tellsmethetruth.that/省略thatthatthatthat/省略thatthat以下情況只能用that1.序數(shù)詞,形容詞最高級,theonly,thevery,thelast修飾先行詞時。eg.Youaretheverypersonthatcandoitright.2.當(dāng)先行詞是指物anything,something,nothing,none,everything,等不定代詞時。

3.當(dāng)先行詞同時包含人或物時。eg.Weoftentalkaboutthepeopleandthethingsthatweareinterestedin.我們經(jīng)常談?wù)撐覀兏信d趣人或事。4.當(dāng)主句是who或which引導(dǎo)問句時。eg.Whoisthegirlthathasblacklonghair?eg.Whichisthepenthatyoubought?不能用that,也不能省略關(guān)系詞情況1.非限制性定語從句Theblueteam,whichisatthetopoftheleague,isn’tplayingwelltoday.（非限制性定語從句）FootballisagamewhichIlovebest.(限制性定語從句）2.關(guān)系詞跟在介詞后時ThisistheclassmatefromwhomIhavelearnetalot.Thisistheroominwhichwelive.Exercise1.Ihaveafriend________likeslisteningtoclassicalmusic.who/thatwhich/thatwhose3.

Theman______legbrokeinamatchusedtobeafootballplayer.2.YesterdayEmilywaswearingthenewdress__________Igaveher.4.Myparentsliveinahouse__________ismorethan100yearsold.5.Theboywith_______Johnspokeismybrother.which/thatwhom6.Kevinisreadingabook__________istoodifficultforhim.which/that7.Isthereanything________youwanttobuyinthetown.8.All______wecandoistostudy