考研考博-英語-山東科技大學押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-山東科技大學押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第壹套一.全考點押題密卷-綜合訓練(共50題)1.單選題

TheroleofAmericanwomen（）significantlyfromthetimethenationwasborn,tothemoderneraofthe1950sand1960s.

問題1選項

A.haschanged

B.hasbeenchanged

C.changed

D.hadbeenchanged

【答案】D

【解析】語法知識。根據(jù)句意可知，這里應該用過去完成時態(tài)，首先排除選項A和C；role與change之間為被動關系,所以選項D正確。

2.單選題

Itisapparentthatwinningthescholarshipis（）ofone’sintelligenceinthefieldofphysics.

問題1選項

A.parallelism

B.alliteration

C.testimony

D.rhythm

【答案】C

【解析】名詞辨析。parallelism平行，對應；alliteration頭韻；testimony證詞，證明；rhythm節(jié)奏，韻律。句意:獲得獎學金應該是一個人智力的。故C項符合句意。

3.單選題

IfEnglandhadwontheRevolutionaryWar,thewholehistoryoftheEnglish-speaking

A

B

C

worldhadbeendifferent.

D

問題1選項

A.hadwon

B.the

C.English-speaking

D.hadbeen

【答案】D

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。if引導的虛擬語氣，對過去情況假設，主句：主語＋would/should/might/couldhave＋動詞過去分詞，從句：had＋動詞過去分詞。

試題答案：D;wouldhavebeen

4.單選題

Toalleviatetheproblemofcontaminatedchicken,theexpertsrecommendthatthegovernmentshiftitsinspectionemphasisfromcursorybird-by-birdvisualchecktoamore______randomsamplingforbacterialandchemicalcontamination.

問題1選項

A.rigorous

B.perfunctory

C.symbolic

D.discreet

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項rigorous“嚴格的，嚴厲的；嚴密的；嚴酷的”；B選項perfunctory“敷衍的；馬虎的；得過且過的”；C選項symbolic“象征的；符號的；使用符號的”；D選項discreet“謹慎的；小心的”。句意：為緩解雞的污染問題，專家們建議政府把檢查重點從走馬觀花式的肉眼檢查改為進行更為______的對細菌和化學污染進行隨機取樣檢查。根據(jù)shift“改變”可知，橫線處應填一個與cursory“粗略的”意思相反的詞。且由檢查重點從肉眼檢查到改進為對細菌和化學污染隨機取樣檢查，可知檢查推向深入，較以前更加嚴格，A選項rigorous“嚴格的”符合題意。因此A選項正確。

5.單選題

Formanycountries,beingpartofaglobalsupplychainislikestrikingoil–oilthatmaynever（）.

問題1選項

A.runout

B.workout

C.turnout

D.callout

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A項runout“用完，耗盡”，B項workout“解決，算出”，C項turnout“結果是”，D項callout表示“喚起，出動”。句意：對于許多國家來說，成為全球供應鏈的一部分就像開采可能永遠不會用完的石油。因此A項正確。

6.單選題

Oneoftheproblemstheyhavetodealwithisthe（

）ofplasticcontainers.

問題1選項

A.disposal

B.dissolution

C.disposition

D.disappearance

【答案】A

【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項disposal“處理”；B選項dissolution“分解，溶解”；C選項disposition“性情，傾向”；D選項disappearance“消失”。句意：他們必須處理的問題之一是塑料容器的處理。選項A符合句意。

7.單選題

Therebelarmy（）thedemocraticgovernmentofthecountrylawlessly.

問題1選項

A.overthrew

B.overtook

C.overturned

D.overruled

【答案】A

【解析】同形詞辨析題。overthrew“打倒；推翻”；overtook“追上；趕上”；overturned“推翻；傾覆”；overruled“駁回；否決”，根據(jù)rebelarmy“叛軍”和lawlessly“非法地”可知此處應該是指叛軍推翻了民主政府，所以答案從選項A和選項C之間選；overturn主要是指某種具體事物在位置上的顛倒，或者是指推翻某種已有的理論或者制度；overthrow主要是指用武力推翻某種制度或者機構，所以此處用overthrow比較恰當，故正確答案為選項A。

8.單選題

Astrophysicistswrestlingwiththestudyofanewkindofstar,theflat,‘two-dimensional”configurationsknownasaccretiondiskshaverecentlygainednewinsightsintothebehaviorofthesestars.Accretiondisksexistinavarietyofsituationswheremattersswirlaroundacompactstarsuchasawhitedwarfstaroraneutronstar.Accretiondisksarealsosuspectedofplayingapartinmoreexoticsituations,inwhichthecentralobjectisimaginedtobeasupermassiveblackhole,theultimateformofcollapsedmatter,ratherthanacompactstar.Themodelingofaccretiondisksisstillinitsinfancy,asituationanalogoustothedayswhenordinarystarsweremodeledbyusingelementaryscalinglawswithoutbenefitofknowledgeofthenuclearprocessesthatpowerthestars.Similarly,thebasicphysicsofthepowerbywhichaccretiondisksradiate,thoughttooriginateinaformofturbulentfriction,isknownonlyatthecrudestlevel.

AccretiondiskswerefirstdefinedinthecontextofCataclysmicvariables.Inthesesystems,matterfromtheouterlayersofanordinarystarisattractedbythegravitationalinfluenceofanearbyorbitingwhitedwarfstar,thematterlostfromtheordinarystarcannotstrikethesurfaceofthetinywhitedwarfdirectlybutsettlesintoanorbitaroundthestar.Theviscosityinthediskthusformedcausesheating,radiation,andaslowspiralingofdiskmatterontothesurfaceofthewhitedwarf.

TherapidadvancesmadeinX-rayastronomyinthepastdecadehaveidentifiedasecondtypeofsysteminwhichaccretiondisksoccur.Insuchasystem,anaccretiondiskwhirlsaboutaneutronstatratherthanawhitedwarf.Theinnerreachesoftheaccretiondiskextenddeeplyintothegravitationalpotentialoftheneutronstarwhereveryrapidmotionistherule.Theenergyreleasedbyfrictionandtheactualrainingofthematerialfromthediskontothesurfaceoftheneutronstarissogreatthatradiationisgivenoffinapowerfulfloodofx-rays.Andinatleastonecase,X-rayastronomersbelievethattheobjectinthecenterofanaccretiondiskisablackhole,suggestingthatathirdsystemmayexist.

Ithadbeenassumedthatportionsofaccretiondiskswouldbeunstableandthat,asaresult,clumpingoftheirmatterintoringswouldoccur.Thereisnoevidencefromobservation,however,thataccretiondisksdo,infact,sufferfromtheseinstabilities.Inrecentwork,AbramowiczhasshownthataddedgravitationaleffectsduetogeneralrelativitymayaltertheexpectedNewtoniangravitationalrelationshipsinsuchawaythatthediskremainsstable,indicatingthatitispossiblethatthesepredictedinstabilitiesdonotoccur.Furtherprogresstowardunderstandingaccretiondiskswillinvolvedefiningandproposingsolutionstorestrictedproblemsjustaswasdoneinthiscaseandwasdoneandcontinuestobedoneforordinarystars.Abramowicz’workisavaluableexampleofthecarethatmustbetakenbeforereachingconclusionsregardingaccretiondisks.

1.Theauthorofthepassageisprimarilyconcernedwith（

）.

2.Thepassagesuggestswhichofthefollowingaboutcurrentscientificknowledgeofthenuclearprocessesofordinarystars?

3.ThepassagesuggeststhatAbramowicz’workwasmotivatedbywhichofthefollowingassumptions?

4.Accordingtothepassage,someaccretiondisksoriginatedin（

）.

5.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthesignificanceofAbramowicz'workisthatit（

）.

問題1選項

A.comparingAbramowicz’worktotheworkofearlierastrophysicists

B.Definingtheconditionsunderwhichaccretiondiskscanbeobserved

C.Providinginformationaboutaccretiondisksanddiscussingsignificantnewwork

D.Exploringthequestionofwhetherablackholecaneverbethecentralobjectofanaccretiondisk

問題2選項

A.Itspatternofdevelopmenthasbeenanalogoustothatofdevelopmentsinx-rayastronomy.

B.Ithascontributedtoamoreaccuratemodelingofordinarystars.

C.Itsroleintheexplanationofturbulentfrictionhasbeensignificant.

D.Itlagsbehindknowledgeofscalinglaws.

問題3選項

A.Thequantityofenergyreleasedbyaccretiondiskscanbeaslargeasitisonlyifthedisksarestable.

B.ImprovedtechniquesinX-rayastronomywouldrevealanyinstabilitiesoccurringinaccretiondisks.

C.Thelackofobservationalevidenceofinstabilitiesinaccretiondiskssuggeststhatpredictionsoftheiroccurrencemightbewrong.

D.Knownmethodsofobservingaccretiondisksurroundingcompactstarsandblackholesdonotpermittheobservationofthematterinaccretiondisks.

問題4選項

A.anincreaseinheatandradiationaroundanordinarystar

B.apowerfulfloodofx-raysemittedbyaneutronstar

C.theturbulentfrictiononthesurfaceofacompactstar

D.Theaccumulationofmatterremovedfromanordinarystar

問題5選項

A.suggestsaresolutionofadiscrepancybetweenatheoreticalpredictionandactualobservation

B.opensanewareaforexplorationinthefieldofx-rayastronomy

C.provesthatscalinglawscannotbeappliedtoaccretiondisks

D.proposesanewsystemofclassificationofstars

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.文章第一句為中心句，根據(jù)“Astrophysicistswrestlingwiththestudyofanewkingofstar,theflat,‘two-dimensional”Configurationsknownasaccretiondiskshaverecentlygainednewinsightsintothebehaviorofthesestars.天體物理學家們正在努力研究一種新的恒星之王——扁平的“二維”吸積盤，最近對這些恒星的行為有了新的認識?！贝_定本文主要介紹吸積盤及最新研究。C選項符合題意。

2.根據(jù)文章第一段倒數(shù)第二句“Themodelingofaccretiondisksisstillinitsinfancy,asituationanalogoustothedayswhenordinarystarsweremodeledbyusingelementaryscalinglawswithoutbenefitofknowledgeofthenuclearprocessesthatpowerthestars.吸積盤的建模仍處于初級階段，類似于普通恒星使用基本尺度定律建模的日子，而不需要了解恒星的核反應過程?！_定B選項‘它有助于對普通恒星進行更精確的建模?！_。選項A,C不符作者suggest的意思，D項表達表達有誤，作者只是用吸積盤建模和普通星體在元素標度律建模方面兩者具有一致性而沒有比較兩者之間是誰落后誰的問題。

3.根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段頭兩句TherapidadvancesmadeinX-rayastronomyinthepastdecadehaveidentifiedasecondtypeofsysteminwhichaccretiondisksoccur.Insuchasystem,anaccretiondiskwhirlsaboutaneutronstatratherthanawhitedwarf.在過去的十年里，x射線天文學的快速發(fā)展已經(jīng)確定了吸積盤發(fā)生的第二種類型的系統(tǒng)。在這樣的系統(tǒng)中，一個吸積盤圍繞一個中子stat旋轉，而不是一個白矮星。，即Abramowiczhasshownthatindicatingthatitispossiblethatthesepredictedinstabilitiesdonotoccur,理論與實際的不相符合，即可選出正確答案為C選項’由于缺乏關于吸積盤不穩(wěn)定性的觀測證據(jù)，這表明對其發(fā)生的預測可能是錯誤的?！项}意。A，D選項表達沒有錯誤，但不符合作者的suggest；B選項表述錯誤。

4.根據(jù)文章第二段第二句:“Inthesesystems,matterfromtheouterlayersofanordinarystarisattractedbythegravitationalinfluenceofanearbyorbitingwhitedwarfstar,thematterlostfromtheordinarystarcannotstrikethesurfaceofthetinywhitedwarfdirectlybutsettlesintoanorbitaroundthestar.在這些系統(tǒng)中，來自普通恒星外層的物質(zhì)受到附近環(huán)繞白矮星的引力影響而被吸引，普通恒星失去的物質(zhì)不能直接撞擊微小白矮星的表面，而是進入圍繞恒星的軌道?！贝_定D選項正確。

5.文章最后一句“Abramowicz’workisavaluableexampleofthecarethatmustbetakenbeforereachingconclusionsregardingaccretiondisks.阿布拉莫維奇的工作是一個很有價值的例子，說明在得出關于吸積盤的結論之前必須小心謹慎?！北砻鰽bramowicz是理論與實際不符的，所以A選項‘建議解決理論預測與實際觀測之間的差異‘符合題意。

9.單選題

JustimaginetheshockofthePrimeMinisterwhenthreeofhisseniorcabinetcolleagues（

）andresignedinprotestonFridaynight.

問題1選項

A.revolved

B.resolved

C.revived

D.revolted

【答案】D

【解析】動詞詞義辨析題。根據(jù)句意‘試想一下，當他的三個高級內(nèi)閣同僚都在周五晚上向他遞交了辭呈并進行抗議，這對這位首相的打擊有多大?！芍@里應選與resignedinprotest“辭職抗議”為并列關系的動詞。A選項revolve“旋轉”;B選項resolve“解決”；C選項revive“使復活，使恢復”;D選項revolt“反叛，起義”。D選項的revolted與protest相對應，D選項正確。

10.單選題

Psychologiststakeopposingviewsofhowexternalrewards,fromwarmpraisetocoldcash,affectmotivationandcreativity.Behaviorists,whostudytherelationbetweenactionsandtheirconsequences,arguethatrewardscanimproveperformanceatworkandschoolCognitiveresearchers,whostudyvariousaspectsofmentallife,maintainthatrewardsoftendestroycreativitybyencouragingdependenceonapprovalandgiftsfromothers.

Thelatterviewhasgainedmanysupporters,especiallyamongeducators.Butthecarefuluseofsmallmonetaryrewardssparkscreativityingrade-schoolchildren,suggestingthatproperlypresentedinducementsindeedaidinventiveness,accordingtoastudyintheJuneJournalofPersonalityandSocialPsychology.

“Ifkidsknowthey’reworkingforarewardandcanfocusonarelativelychallengingtask,theyshowthemostcreativity,”saysRobertEisenbergeroftheUniversityofDelawareinNeward.“Butit’seasytokillcreativitybygivingrewardsforpoorperformanceorcreatingtoomuchanticipationforrewards.”

Ateacherwhocontinuallydrawsattentiontorewardsorwhohandsouthighgradesforordinaryachievementendsupwithuninspiredstudents,Eisenbergerholds.Asanexampleofthelatterpoint,lienotesgrowingeffortsatmajoruniversitiestotightengradingstandardsandrestorefailinggrades.

Inearliergrades,theuseofso-calledtokeneconomies,inwhichstudentshandlechallengingproblemsandreceiveperformance-basedpointstowardvaluedrewards,showspromiseinraisingeffortandcreativity,theDelawarepsychologistclaims.

1.Psychologistsaredividedwithregardtotheirattitudestoward（）.

2.Whatistheresponseofmanyeducatorstoexternalrewardsfortheirstudents?

3.Whichofthefollowingcanbestraisestudents'creativityaccordingtoRoberEisenberger?

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatmajoruniversitiesaretryingtotightentheirgradingstandardsbecausetheybelieve（）.

5.Thephrase“tokeneconomies”(Line1，Para5)probablyrefersto（）.

問題1選項

A.thechoicebetweenspiritualencouragement

B.theamountofmonetaryrewardsforstudent'screativity

C.thestudyofrelationshipbetweenactionsandtheirconsequences

D.theeffectsofexternalrewardsonstudentsperformance

問題2選項

A.Theyhavenodoubtsaboutthem

B.Theyhavedoubtsaboutthem

C.Theyapproveofthem

D.Theyavoidtalkingaboutthem

問題3選項

A.Assigningthemtaskstheyhavenotdealtwithbefore

B.Assigningthemtaskswhichrequireinventiveness

C.Givingthemrewardstheyreallydeserve.

D.Givingthemrewardstheyanticipate.

問題4選項

A.rewardingpoorperformancemaykillthecreativityofstudents

B.punishmentismoreeffectivethanrewarding

C.failinguninspiredstudentshelpsimprovetheiroverallacademicstandards

D.discouragingthestudent’santicipationforeasyrewardsisamatterofurgency

問題5選項

A.waystodevelopeconomy

B.systemsofrewardingstudents

C.approachestosolvingproblems

D.methodsofimprovingperformance

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)文章第一句話“Psychologiststakeopposingviewsofhowexternalrewards,fromwarmpraisetocoldcash,aflectmotivationandcreativity”可知，心理學家對于外部獎勵（不論是精神鼓勵還是物質(zhì)獎勵）如何影響動機和創(chuàng)造力持對立觀點。因此，心理學家因“外部獎勵對學生行為的影響持不同態(tài)度”而分成兩派。本題正確答案為D項。

2.推理判斷題。文章第一段介紹了Behaviorists和Cognitiveresearchers的兩種不同觀點。而由文章第二段第一句話Thelatterviewhasgainedmanysupporters,especiallyamongeducators.可知，后者的觀點，也就是Cognitiveresearchers獲得了很多的支持，尤其是在教育工作者中。他們認為獎賞會摧毀創(chuàng)造力。因此，大多數(shù)教育工作者對給予學生的外部獎勵持否定態(tài)度。正確答案為B項。

3.推理判斷題。在文章第三段中，theUniversityofDelaware的RobertEisenberger表述了自己對于獎勵機制的觀點。他認為如果孩子們知道是為得到獎勵而學習，并能專注完成相對有挑戰(zhàn)性的任務，他們就會表現(xiàn)出最大的創(chuàng)造性。但如果對表現(xiàn)不好的孩子也給予獎勵，或者讓他們對獎勵有過分的期待，那么就很容易扼殺他們的創(chuàng)造力。因此，只有獎勵該得獎勵的孩子，才能發(fā)揮其創(chuàng)造性，正確答案為C項。

4.推理判斷題。題干：大學正試圖嚴格評分標準是因為他們認為什么？由文章第四段Asanexampleofthelatterpoint,henotesgrowingeffortsatmajoruniversitiestotightengradingstandardsandrestorefailinggrades.可知，重點大學加強分級標準是因為“thelatterpoint”，也就是第三段中提及的it’seasytokillcreativitybygivingrewardsforpoorperformanceorcreatingtoomuchanticipationforrewards這一觀點，因此A項符合題意。

5.考查詞匯題。分析tokeneconomies后的定語從句inwhichstudentshandlechallengingproblemsandreceiveperformance-basedpointstowardvaluedrewards,showspromiseinraisingeffortandcreativity.可知，在這種機制下，學生能解決富有挑戰(zhàn)性的任務并且獲得獎勵，這將有望提高學生的努力度和創(chuàng)造性。因此，本題正確答案為B項“獎勵學生的機制”。

11.單選題

Inmodernsociety,peoplehavemoreandmoreanxietyindailylifeaswellasinworkbecauseofthe（）ofthecitylife.

問題1選項

A.speed

B.rhythm

C.velocity

D.tempo

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A:speed“速度；快速”；B:rhythm“節(jié)奏”；C:velocity“速率”；D:tempo“［樂］速度，拍子”。句意：在現(xiàn)代社會，由于城市生活的節(jié)奏，人們在日常生活和工作中都有更多焦慮。結合此處語境，B為正確答案。

12.單選題

Mr.Bloomisnot____now,buthewillbefamoussomeday.

問題1選項

A.significant

B.dominant

C.magnificent

D.prominent

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析與上下文語義。A選項significant“明顯的，意義重大的”；B選項dominant“占優(yōu)勢的；顯性的，生物專業(yè)名詞”；C選項magnificent“壯麗的，宏偉的，值得贊揚的”；D選項prominent“著名的，重要的，杰出的”。句意：雖然布朗（Bloom）先生現(xiàn)在不____，但他總有一天會出名的。根據(jù)后一個分句推斷，前一個分句是說布朗先生現(xiàn)在不出名。D選項最符合句意。因此，本題最佳選項為D。

13.單選題

Sinceyouareunhappywiththisjob,Irecommendthatyou___assoonaspossible.

問題1選項

A.resigned

B.willresign

C.couldresign

D.resign

【答案】D

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.resigned辭職B.willresign辭職

C.couldresign辭職D.resign辭職

【考查點】固定搭配。

【解題思路】這里考查recommend的用法。sb.recommendthatsb.(should)dosth.表示建議某人做某事。這里的should可以省略。因此D選項resign正確。

【干擾項排除】A、B、C選項搭配錯誤。

【句意】既然你對這份工作不滿意，我建議你盡快辭職。

14.單選題

Itisthroughlearningthattheindividual（

）manyhabitualwaysofreactingtosituations.

問題1選項

A.acquires

B.achieves

C.gains

D.retains

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。acquire意為“獲得，取得”，指經(jīng)過努力逐步獲得才能、知識、習慣等；achieve意為“取得”，指成就、目標、幸福的取得；gain意為“獲得”，指通過較大努力獲得某種利益或好處；retain意為“保持，保留”。

句意：正是通過學習，個人才能獲得處理各種情況的習慣做法。

15.翻譯題

Arecentphenomenoninthechoiceofcareersonthepartofthecollegegraduatesistheincreasingtrendtowardsbigcompanies.Fewareinterestedinresearchfields.Thisisanunavoidableprobleminamaterialisticsociety,wheretemptingsalariesandfringebenefitsareofferedbybigcompaniestocompetewitheachothertorecruitstudentsbeforetheyhavecompletedtheirstudies.Ontheotherhand,asmanybigenterprisesandevengovernmentdepartmentstendtoconcentrateonimmediateeconomicresultsandshowcomparativelylittleinterestinlongrangeresearch,thereisasteadyshiftofscientistsandresearchersfromthepureresearchtotheappliedfield,wheretherearemorejobsavailablewithbettersalaries.Allthishasnotonlyseriouslyinfluencedyoungpeople’sviewonthechoiceofcareers,butoneducationaswell.Manycollegeteachersdeplorethatfewerandfewerstudentsthesedaysacquireknowledge.

【答案】最近在高校畢業(yè)生擇業(yè)問題上出現(xiàn)了一種傾向,這就是畢業(yè)生越來越青睞大公司,很少有人愿意到研究單位。在物欲橫流的社會里,這是一個不可避免的問題。學生還沒有走出校門,大公司便在競相聘用他們,向他們提供誘人的薪水和福利待遇。另一方面,由于許多大企業(yè),甚至包括一些政府部門往往看重直接經(jīng)濟效益,而相對來說對長期的理論研究不感興趣,所以科研人員不斷從純理論研究領域流向實用工業(yè)。因為在那里工作要比研究領域里好找,工資往往也高。這些情況不僅嚴重影響青年人的擇業(yè)觀,而且還影響了教育。許多教師哀嘆,現(xiàn)在單純?yōu)榱藢W知識而學習的學生越來越少了。

16.單選題

CharlesWeiss,programdirectorofscienceandinternationalaffairsatGeorgetownUniversityinWashingtonD.C.,wasthebank’sscienceadviserintheearly1980s.hebelievesthislatestattempttogetthebankthinkingaboutsciencehasmorechanceofsucceedingthanhisownefforts.This,hesays,ispartlybecausetheyhavethesupportofseniorexecutives,particularlyJamesWolfensohn,thebank’spresident,andpartlybecausethebankisnowbeentopromoteknowledge-baseddevelopment.

Unusuallyforalendinginstitution,theWorldBankpossessesworld-classexpertiseontheprojectsandtheregionswhereitlendsmoney.Ofits8000staff,3000haveaPhD-levelqualification,andmanyofthesearetop-rankedresearchersheadhuntedfromuniversities.Thequantityandqualityofthebank'sresearchisconsistentlyhigh.

Butthismoreanalyticalaspectofthebank’sworkhasalwaysbeenovershadowedbyitslendingarm-knownasoperations—whichhasgenerallyconsideredresearchtobeafunctionoflending,ratherthananactivityinitsownright.In1987,halfoftheresearchstaffweresenttoworkoperations.

Thistensionbetweentheresearchandlendingwingsremains,andisoneofseveralchallengesthatwillneedtobeovercomeifthenewstrategyistobearfruit.Inparticular,theneedforanewdepartmentforscienceisbeingquestionedbysomewhodonotwanttoseescienceconfinedtoaghettoandthinkitshouldbepartofthelendingportfolioofallofthebank'sdepartments.

Someoperationsstaffhaveyettobeconvincedofthemeritsofraisingthebank’sresearchprofileorfundingresearchindevelopingcountries.Theybelievethatmoreattentionshouldbepaidtoconventionalinfrastructureneedsinpoorercountrieswhich,becauseoflowcreditratings,willhavelittleaccesstoprivatecapital.

Thereactionfromdevelopingcountrieswillbeanimportanttestofthenewstrategy.TherichercountriesofSoutheastAsia,LatinAmerica,NorthAfricaandtheMiddleEastarelikelytobemorereceptivethanpoorercountries,particularlyinsub-SaharanAfrica,wherethebankisnotpopular,andwherealmost50percentofbank-assistedprojectshavefailedduringthisdecade.

1.WhichofthefollowingisTrueaccordingtoParagraph1?

2.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat().

3.Oneofthechallengesforraisingthehank’sresearchprofileliesin().

4.Theword“infrastructure”(Paragraph5)mostprobablyrefersto().

5.Thebesttitleofthepassagemaybe().

問題1選項

A.TheWorldBankusedtoattachimportancetoresearchintheearly1980s.

B.Thebank’sseniorexecutivesareinfavorofCharlesWeiss’spromotion.

C.Thebankisnowkeentoestablishanewdepartmentforscience.

D.JamesWolfensohnisthinkingaboututilizingthebank’sresearchresources.

問題2選項

A.top-rankedresearcherswereeagertoworkinoperations

B.thelendingwingisreluctanttoconsiderresearchasanindependentactivity

C.thenewstrategyhashadasuccessfulresultinsomedevelopedcountries

D.sciencehaslongbeenovershadowedbecausethebank’sresearchworkwasnotefficient

問題3選項

A.lackofinvestmentinscience

B.thereactionfromseniorexecutives

C.thelendingwing’snegativeattitude

D.lowcreditratings

問題4選項

A.thebasicfacilities,services,andinstallations

B.theinterrelationorarrangementofpartsinacomplexentity

C.anunderlyingbaseorfoundation

D.somethingconstructed

問題5選項

A.ResearchPortfoliooftheWorldBank

B.ANewStrategyoftheWorldBank

C.TensionbetweenTwoWings

D.LendingOperationsinDevelopingCountries

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段的第二句“hebelievesthislatestattempttogetthebankthinkingaboutsciencehasmorechanceofsucceedingthanhisownefforts.”他相信,這一使銀行思考科學的最新嘗試比他自己的努力更有可能成功。說明銀行想要建立一個新的科學部門。選項C符合原文。選項B高管不是支持Charles的晉升,而是支持他的研究,所以表述錯誤。選項A和D在第一段沒有提及。

2.選項A文中只提到“In1987,halfoftheresearchstaffweresenttoworkoperations.”一半的研究人員被派往業(yè)務部門工作,并沒有提到是他們想去的,所以表述錯誤；根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容可知,發(fā)展中國家的反應將是對新戰(zhàn)略的重要考驗。因為在相對貧窮的國家,近50%的世行援助項目在這十年中都失敗了。所以選項C錯誤；根據(jù)第三段的第一句“Butthis...byitslendingarm-knownasoperations”不是因為研究工作的效率不高,而是因為業(yè)務部門認為研究是貸款的一種功能,而不是一項獨立的活動。所以選項D錯誤,選項B正確。

3.根據(jù)第五段的最后一句“becauseoflowcreditratings,willhavelittleaccesstoprivatecapital.”因為這些國家的信用評級較低,很難獲得私人資本。選項D正確。。

4.infrastructure指基礎的設施設備和服務,選項A正確。

5.文章主要講的是世界銀行的新戰(zhàn)略以及戰(zhàn)略目前面臨的困境,選項B符合原文。選項C描述太廣泛,不是很恰當。選項A和D都是小片段,所以也不正確。

17.單選題

Heattendstothe（

）ofimportantbusinesshimself.

問題1選項

A.transaction

B.transition

C.transmission

D.transformation

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。transaction“交易，業(yè)務”；transition“過渡，轉變”；transmission“傳送，播送”；transformation“轉換”。句意：他親自參與重要的商務會議。選項A符合題意。

18.單選題

Itseemsverydifficult______.

問題1選項

A.tostopthechildtocry

B.stoppingthechildtocry

C.stopthechildcrying

D.tostopthechildcrying

【答案】D

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.tostopthechildtocry去阻止孩子哭B.stoppingthechildtocry阻止孩子哭

C.stopthechildcrying阻止孩子哭D.tostopthechildcrying去阻止孩子哭

【答案】D

【考查點】固定搭配。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關鍵詞difficult（困難的）可知，difficulttodosth.是固定搭配，表示“做某事是困難的”，而stopdoing/todosth.也是固定搭配，但是stopdoingsth.表示“停止正在做的事情”，stoptodosth.是“停止正在干的事情去干另一件”；根據(jù)選項意思可知，空格處應該表示“阻止孩子哭”。因此，該題選擇D項。

【干擾項排除】

B、C項不符合固定搭配；

A項不符合句子意思。

【句意】似乎很難讓這孩子不哭。

19.單選題

Noonewouldhavetimetoreadorlistentoanaccountofeverything（

）goingonintheworld.

問題1選項

A.itis

B.asis

C.thereis

D.whatis

【答案】C

【解析】語法題。根據(jù)句子結構，可知“……goingonintheworld”為定語從句修飾先行詞everything，且關系代詞that可省，所以選用therebe句型，表示“世界上正在發(fā)生的”。句意：沒有人有時間去讀或去聽關于這個世界正在發(fā)生的所有事情

20.單選題

Toensureitssustainedprogressineconomy,thegovernmenthas（）aseriesofpolicies.

問題1選項

A.reserved

B.issued

C.delivered

D.expressed

【答案】B

【解析】動詞詞義辨析。句意：為確保經(jīng)濟的持續(xù)發(fā)展，政府出臺了一系列政策。選項B符合句意。

21.翻譯題

Readingisnotsimplyanintellectualpursuitbutanemotionalandspiritualone.Itlightsthecandleinthehurricanelampofself;that’swhyitsurvives.TherearebookclubsandbookWebsitesandbooksontapeandbookonline.Therearestillmillionsofpeoplewholikethepaperversion,atleastfornow.Andi￡thatchanges-well,whatisabook,really?Isititsbody,