考研考博-英語-山西水利職業(yè)技術(shù)學院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇1

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-山西水利職業(yè)技術(shù)學院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第壹套一.全考點押題密卷-綜合訓練(共50題)1.單選題

QuestionsgrewoverSilvioBerlusconi’sabilitytoholdhiscoalitiontogether,afterheonlynarrowlywonavoteof（）inthelowerhouseofItaly’sparliament.

問題1選項

A.confidence

B.account

C.thanks

D.support

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項confidence“信心，信任，秘密”；B選項account“賬戶，解釋，賬目，賬單，理由，描述”；C選項thanks“謝謝”；D選項support“支持，幫助，支撐物，支撐，扶持，物質(zhì)援助，安慰”。句意：西爾維奧?貝盧斯科尼(SilvioBerlusconi)在意大利議會下院僅以微弱優(yōu)勢贏得一票支持后，人們對他維持聯(lián)盟團結(jié)的能力產(chǎn)生了質(zhì)疑。avoteofsupport投票支持，因此D選項正確。

2.單選題

Imagineadiseasespreadingacrosstheglobe,killingmostlymiddle-agedpeopleorleavingthemchronicallydisabled.Thenonedayresearcherscomeupwithadrugthatcanpreventsomeofthedisease’snastiereffects.Youwouldthinktheworld’sageingpublicwouldbeeternallygrateful.

Thediseasedoesexist.Itiscalledtobaccoaddiction.Thedrugtooisrealandinanimaltestshaspreventedlungdamagethatleadstoemphysema.Buttheinventorshavereceivednobouquets.Prevailingmedicalopinionseemstobethatthedrugisameresideshow,distractingsmokersfromthetaskofquitting.Anotherexperimentaldrug,whichcouldprotectsmokersagainstcancer,isalsoviewedwithsuspicionbecauseitcouldgivesmokersanexcusenottoquit.

Onthefaceofittheseresponsesmakesense.Itisingrainedinsocietythatsmokershaveonlythemselvestoblameandtheirsalvationliesinasimpleactofwill.Iftheywillnotquitsmoking,theycannotexpecthelpfromanyoneelse.

Butthislogicisflawed.Checkasurveyofsmokersandyoufindtwo-thirdswanttogiveupandone-thirdwillhavetriedinthepreviousyear.Yet,evenwithnicotinegum,patchesanddrugstoeasetheordeal,thequitrateisstillunder10percent.IntheUK,theproportionofpeoplewhosmokehasnotfalleninadecade.Tobaccohasapowerfulgrip,andmanysmokerarecaughtinatraptheycannotescape:theyhaveadiseaselikeanyotheranddeservethechancetoreducetheharmitdoestothem.

Thisreasoningishardformanytoswallow.Itcertainlyleavesgovernmentsandanti-smokinggroupsinabind.Theyarehappytopaylipservicetomethodsforreducingharm—ofwhichthreeareagrowingnumber—buttheyareslowtocreatepoliciesbaseduponthem.EuropeanUnioncountries,forexample,tookyearstoevenconsiderregulatingthedangerousadditivesincigarettes.

Onefearisthatmethodsforreducingharmwilldilutethemessagethattobaccokills—especiallywhengiventoyoungsters.Butthatmessagewon’tchange,inthepresentcase,evenifbothdrugsturnouttoworkinhumantrials,theywouldnotprotectagainstallthedeadlysideeffectsofsmoking.Andthedrugsdonothavetobefreetoall.Theycouldbeavailableonlyonprescriptionforpeoplewhodoctorsbelievegenuinelycannotgiveup.

Therearethingsthatnodrugaimedatharmreductionwilleverbeabletodo.Itwillnotcutpassivesmokingorstoptobaccocompaniespersuadingmillionsofteenagerstolightup.Forthesereasonsallotherwaystocountersmokingmustcontinue,frombanningtobaccoadvertisingtoraisingtobaccotaxes.Butitwouldbeamistaketoignoretheharmreductionmeasures.Forthosewhoarenotconvinced,forgetsmokersforamoment.Preventivedrugscouldalsohelpnon-smokers,especiallythoseworkinglonghoursas,say,musiciansandbarstaffinsmokyrooms.Shouldwedenythemtoo?

1.Thestatement“Buttheinventorshavereceivednobouquets”impliesthat______.

2.Theauthorarguesthat______.

3.Theauthoristryingtoemphasizethatthedrugs______.

4.Thedrugs,accordingtotheauthor,areexpected______.

5.Wecandrawaconclusionfromthepassagethat______.

問題1選項

A.thedrugshavereceivedsuspicion

B.theinventorsjustpresentedasideshow

C.itwilltaketimeforthepublictoacceptthenewdrug

D.theeffectsofthedrugneedfurthertestonhumantrials

問題2選項

A.nosmokerisexpectedtosucceedinquitting

B.smokersdeservetheharmsmokingdoestothem

C.smokerswithresolutiontostopsmokingneedhelp

D.smokerscouldsucceedwithstrongresolutiontogiveup

問題3選項

A.aremainlyaimedatyoungsters

B.shouldbeavailabletosmokersfreeofcharge

C.willnotchangethemessagethattobaccokills

D.helpregulatethedangerousadditivesincigarettes

問題4選項

A.toperformpreventivefunctionsinnon-smokers

B.toreducethenumberofpassivesmokers

C.toenforcethecombatagainstsmoking

D.alloftheabove

問題5選項

A.withinnovativedrugssmokerscanstillenjoypersonalgratificationsandstayhealthy

B.ifadrugcansavelives,weshouldn’twithholditwithoutgoodreason

C.thebattleagainstsmokingisfarfromwon

D.therewillbeasafewaytosmoke

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.語義推測題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段“Buttheinventorshavereceivednobouquets.Prevailingmedicalopinionseemstobethatthedrugisameresideshow,distractingsmokersfromthetaskofquitting.Anotherexperimentaldrug,whichcouldprotectsmokersagainstcancer,isalsoviewedwithsuspicionbecauseitcouldgivesmokersanexcusenottoquit.（但是這些發(fā)明家沒有收到任何花束。流行的醫(yī)學觀點似乎是，藥物只是次要的，它分散了吸煙者的任務(wù)，戒煙。另一種可以保護吸煙者不患癌癥的實驗性藥物也受到懷疑，因為它可以給吸煙者一個不戒煙的借口。）”，由此可知這些發(fā)明家發(fā)明的藥物受到人們的懷疑，所以A選項“這些藥物已經(jīng)受到懷疑”符合題意。B選項“發(fā)明家只是表演了一個小插曲”；C選項“公眾接受這種新藥需要一段時間”；D選項“藥物的效果需要進一步的人體試驗”都與題干無關(guān)。因此A選項正確。

2.觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第四段“Yet,evenwithnicotinegum,patchesanddrugstoeasetheordeal,thequitrateisstillunder10percent.（然而，即使使用尼古丁口香糖、貼片和藥物來緩解這種折磨，戒煙率仍然低于10%。）”可知A選項“預(yù)計沒有煙民會成功戒煙”錯誤；根據(jù)第四段最后一句“theyhaveadiseaselikeanyotheranddeservethechancetoreducetheharmitdoestothem.（他們和其他任何疾病一樣，有機會減少煙草對他們的危害。）”可知B選項“吸煙者應(yīng)該受到吸煙所造成的傷害”說法錯誤；根據(jù)第四段“Checkasurveyofsmokersandyoufindtwo-thirdswanttogiveupandone-thirdwillhavetriedinthepreviousyear.（對吸煙者進行調(diào)查，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)三分之二的人想要戒煙，三分之一的人在前一年已經(jīng)嘗試過了）”以及“theyhaveadiseaselikeanyotheranddeservethechancetoreducetheharmitdoestothem.（他們和其他任何疾病一樣，有機會減少煙草對他們的危害。）”可知C選項“決心戒煙的人需要幫助”正確；D選項“吸煙者可以通過堅定的決心戒煙成功”文章沒有提到。因此C選項正確。

3.作者意圖題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第六段“Onefearisthatmethodsforreducingharmwilldilutethemessagethattobaccokills—especiallywhengiventoyoungsters.Butthatmessagewon’tchange,inthepresentcase,evenifbothdrugsturnouttoworkinhumantrials,theywouldnotprotectagainstallthedeadlysideeffectsofsmoking.（一種擔心是，減少煙草危害的方法會淡化煙草致人死亡的信息——尤其是對青少年而言。但在目前的情況下，這一信息不會改變，即使這兩種藥物在人體試驗中都有效，它們也不能預(yù)防吸煙的所有致命副作用。）”可知作者強調(diào)該藥物不會改變煙草致人死亡的信息，所以C選項“不會改變煙草致人死亡的信息”正確。A選項“主要針對年輕人”說法錯誤，該藥物針對的是所有煙民；B選項“應(yīng)該免費提供給吸煙者”說法錯誤，文章提到“Andthedrugsdonothavetobefreetoall.Theycouldbeavailableonlyonprescriptionforpeoplewhodoctorsbelievegenuinelycannotgiveup.（而且藥物并不一定要對所有人免費。只有醫(yī)生認為真正不能放棄的人才能買到這種藥。）”；D選項“幫助控制香煙中的危險添加劑”文章沒有提到，因此C選項正確。

4.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章最后一段“Forthesereasonsallotherwaystocountersmokingmustcontinue,frombanningtobaccoadvertisingtoraisingtobaccotaxes.（出于這些原因，從禁止煙草廣告到提高煙草稅，所有其他抵制吸煙的方式都必須繼續(xù)下去。）”，由此可知該藥物將會加強反對吸煙的斗爭，所以C選項“加強反對吸煙的斗爭”正確。A選項“對不吸煙者起到預(yù)防作用”，文章提到“Preventivedrugscouldalsohelpnon-smokers（預(yù)防性藥物也可以幫助不吸煙者）”，并沒有提到預(yù)防作用，只說會有幫助，A選項錯誤；B選項“減少被動吸煙的數(shù)量”說法錯誤，文章最后一段提到“Itwillnotcutpassivesmokingorstoptobaccocompaniespersuadingmillionsofteenagerstolightup.（它不會減少被動吸煙，也不會阻止煙草公司勸說數(shù)百萬青少年吸煙。）”；D選項“以上都是”。因此C選項正確。

5.主旨大意題。文章主要講了能預(yù)防吸煙帶來的不良后果的藥物。文章提到這種藥物受到很多質(zhì)疑，并且一一回答了它們。文章最后一段提到有些東西是任何藥物都無法做到的，所以呼吁人們提高禁煙意識，并且參與到禁煙活動中去。由此可知人們的反對禁煙的斗爭還遠未取得勝利，所以C選項“反對禁煙的斗爭還遠未取得勝利”正確。A選項“有了創(chuàng)新藥物，吸煙者仍然可以享受個人滿足和保持健康”說法錯誤，文章并沒有提到這一觀點；B選項“如果一種藥物可以挽救生命，我們不應(yīng)該沒有充分的理由就拒絕它”，文章也沒有提到，且人們對新藥物持質(zhì)疑態(tài)度也是可行的；D選項“將會有一個更安全的吸煙方式”并不是文章所側(cè)重的，因此C選項正確。

3.單選題

Deathcomesquicklyinthemountains.Eachwinterholidaymakersarecaughtunawaresastheyhappilyskiawayfromthefixedruns,littlerealizingthatasmallavalanchecansendthemcrashinginabone-breakingfalldowntheslopeandleavethemburiedundertonsofcrispwhitesnow.Therearelotsoftheoriesabouthowtoavoiddisasterwhenhitbyanavalanche.Practiceisnormallylesscheerful.

ThesnowintheSalzburgofAustriawherearecentdisastertookplacewastypicalavalanchematerial.ForseveraldaysbeforetheincidentIhadskiedlocally.Earlywintersnowwaswearingthinandcoveredwithice.Ontopofthatnew,warmerflakesweregentlyfallingtoproduceadangerouscarpet.Totheskierwhoenjoysunmarkedslopesitistemptingstuff,deepnewpowersnowonahardbase—theskiingthatdreamsaremadeofandsometimesnightmares.

Snowfallsinsectionslikeacake.Differentsectionshavedifferentdensitiesbecauseofthetemperaturesatthetimeofthefallandintheweeksafterwards.Problemscomewhenanyparticularsectionistoothickandnotstickingtothesectionbeneath.ThesnowofthepastfewweekshadbeenfallinginratherhighertemperaturesthanthoseofDecemberandearlyJanuary.Theresultoftheseconditionsisthatevenaslightincreaseinthetemperaturessendsathinstreamofwaterbetweenthenewsnowandtheold.Thenthenewsnowsimplyslidesoffthemountain.

Suchslidesarenotunexpected.Localcitizensknowtheslopeswhichtendtoavalancheandtheweatherinwhichsuchslidesarelikely.Trapsaresettocatchthesnoworpreventitslipping;bombsareplacedandexplodedfromtimetotimetosetoffsmallavalanchesbeforeabigonehastimetobuildup;andaboveall,skiersarewarnednottoskiindangerareas.

Inspiteofthis,avalancheshappeninunexpectedareasand,ofcourse,skiersignorethewarnings.Theonecomforttorecreationalskiers,however,isthatavalancheincidentsonthemarkedskislopesarequiterare.Noskiresortwantstheimageofbeingadeathtrap.

1.Eachwinterholidaymakersinthemountainscomefacetofacewithdeathbecause（）.

2.Accordingtothewriter,skiingconditionsintheSalzburgareaofAustriabeforetheaccidenthappenedwere（）.

3.Inareaswhereavalanchesareknowntohappen（）.

4.Althoughaccidentsdohappen,skierswillbereasonablysafeif（）.

問題1選項

A.theyfailtorealizehowdangerousavalanchescanbe

B.theyarenotexpertenoughatskiingonthefixedruns.

C.theyaretryingtoavoidareaswhereavalancheshappen

D.theyskigreatdistancesdownthemountainsides

問題2選項

A.perfectfor,theinexperiencedskier

B.unsafebecausethenewsnowwascoveredwithice

C.typicalofconditionsresultinginavalanches

D.suitableonlyforskiinglocally

問題3選項

A.localresidentsstayindoorswhentheweatherisbad.

B.measuresaretakentopreventseriousavalanches

C.smallavalanchescaneasilybeprevented

D.skiersformthemselvesintoawalltokeepthesnowinposition

問題4選項

A.theystayontheofficiallyapprovedslopes

B.theyskionlyforpleasure

C.theyskionlyatresorts

D.theychooselesscrowdedskislope.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:A

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第一段的二三句可知，每年的冬季假期，人們都在不知不覺中快樂地滑雪，遠離了固定的滑雪道。他們幾乎沒有意識到，小小的雪崩會讓他們從山坡上摔下來，摔斷骨頭，被埋在數(shù)噸潔白的雪里。由此可知，選項A符合原文。

2.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第二段的第一句“ThesnowintheSalzburgofAustriawherearecentdisastertookplacewastypicalavalanchematerial.”最近發(fā)生災(zāi)難的奧地利薩爾茨堡的雪是典型的雪崩性質(zhì)。選項C與原文一致，所以正確。

3.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的內(nèi)容可知，當?shù)鼐用裰廊菀装l(fā)生雪崩的斜坡和可能發(fā)生雪崩的天氣，人們通過設(shè)置陷阱和引爆炸彈的方法來防止雪崩；最重要的是警告滑雪者不要在危險區(qū)域滑雪。由此可知，選項B正確。

4.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)最后一段的第二句“Theonecomforttorecreationalskiers,however,isthatavalancheincidentsonthemarkedskislopesarequiterare.”然而，讓休閑滑雪者感到安慰的是，在指定的滑雪場發(fā)生雪崩的事件相當罕見。選項A符合原文。

4.單選題

Thiswillmakeartgroupsmoredirectlyandeffectively（）toaudiences,andmoreresponsivetotheircriticismsandwishes.

問題1選項

A.available

B.accountable

C.subjected

D.submitted

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項available“可獲得的”；B選項accountable“有責任的，可解釋的”；C選項subjected“使遭受”；D選項submitted“遞交，主張”。句意“這將使藝術(shù)團體更直接和有效地與觀眾接觸，并對他們的批評和愿望作出更積極的回應(yīng)?！边x項A符合語境。

5.單選題

Haveyouseenthehandylittle______?It’sforseparatingeggyolksfromwhite.

問題1選項

A.aerosol

B.crate

C.margarine

D.gadget

【答案】D

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.aerosol噴霧器B.crate大木箱；板條箱

C.margarine人造黃油D.gadget小器具；小配件

【答案】D

【考查點】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】由第二句句意“這是用來分離蛋黃和蛋白的”可知，空格處是一種將雞蛋的蛋清和蛋白分離的工具，D項符合句意。

【干擾項排除】A、B、C項不符合句意。

【句意】你見過那個方便的小工具嗎？它可以用來分離蛋黃和蛋白的。

6.單選題

Thekitchenwassmalland（）sothatthedisabledwomancouldreacheverythingwithoutdifficulty.

問題1選項

A.complex

B.complete

C.compact

D.composite

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞辨析題。complex"復(fù)合的,復(fù)雜的";complete"完整的,徹底的";compact"緊湊的,簡潔的";composite"混合的,綜合的"。句意：廚房小而緊湊，殘疾婦女可以毫不費力地夠到任何東西。選項C符合句意。

7.單選題

Don’t______thisnewstothepublicuntilwegiveyouthego-ahead.

問題1選項

A.release

B.relieve

C.relate

D.inform

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A項release“釋放，發(fā)布”，B項relieve“解除，減輕”，C項relate“敘述，涉及”，D項inform“通知，告訴”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞news“新聞”和untilwegiveyouthego-ahead“直到我們同意”可知，與news搭配的詞應(yīng)該為“公布，發(fā)布”。句意：在我們同意之前，不要把這個計劃公之于眾。因此，該題選擇A項正確。

8.單選題

Wecannotalways（）thewind,sonewwindmillsshouldbesodesignedthattheycanalsobedrivenbywater.

問題1選項

A.hangon

B.holdon

C.counton

D.comeon

【答案】C

【解析】詞組辨析。hangon“堅持下去，不掛斷”；holdon“堅持，繼續(xù)”；counton“指望，依靠”；comeon“開始”。句意：我們不能總是依靠風，所以新的風車應(yīng)該設(shè)計得也能由水驅(qū)動。選項C符合題意。

9.單選題

Thestoryistoldthatinthe,medievalUniversityofParistheprofessorsweredisputingaboutthenumberofteethinahorse’smouth.Theyagreedthatthenumbercouldnotbeamultipleofthree,forthatwouldbeanoffensetotheTrinity;norcoulditbeamultipleaseven.NeithertherecordsofAristotlenortheargumentsofStThomasenabledthemtosolvetheproblem.Thenashockingthinghappened.Astudentwhohadbeenlisteningthediscussionwentout,openedahorsedmouthandcountedtheteeth.

Iwanttodrawtwoconclusionsfromthisparable.Thefirstisthatourpresentperplexitiesaboutuniversitiesderivefromtheactofthismedievalstudent.Hesymbolizesthebeginningofobjectiveinquiry,therevoltagainstauthority,theempiricalattitude,thelinkingofacademicstudywiththefactsoflife.Hisactintroducedresearchintotheuniversity.Afterthehorse'smouthwasopenedknowledgebecameanopensystem.Thesecond-conclusionisthatwemustthinktwicebeforewebecomenostalgicaboutthetraditionaluniversityideal.Noteverythingaboutthetraditionaluniversityisworthpreserving.Themedievaluniversitywashostiletowhatwenowcallacademicfreedom.Tostayoutsidethecorpusacademicismsetbookseventointerprettheminnovelwayswastocourtheresy.Thetraditionaluniversitywasnotmuchinterestedindiscovery:itwaspreoccupiedwithtransmissionofacrystallizedculture.Itwasatcertainperiodsnoteveninterestedinknowledgeforitsownsake.Manyscholarspursuedknowledge.Ifnorforprefermentthenasameansofspiritualandintellectualhealth,justasamanplays,golfnotforthesakeofgolfbuttokeepdownweight.

Iwanttofollowthesetwolinesofthoughtbyraisingthreequestion.Thefirstiswhatdowewanttoperpetuatefromtheuniversity'slongtradition?What,inotherwords,isthecontentofourloyaltytotheuniversityideal?Secondlywhatobligationsdoestheuniversityhave—_whatloyaltiesoughtittofoster—towardscontemporarysociety?Andthirdly,whataretheprospectsthatthesetwoloyalties—onetoatraditionaluniversityidealtheothertothesocietyinwhichwelivecanbereconciled?

1.Thepassagemainlydiscusses（

）.

2.Theauthorusestheparabletoshowthat（

）.

3.Thepassagestatesthat（

）.

4.Theauthorwouldprobablyagreewith（

）.

5.Theword“novel”inparagraph2isasynonymto（

）.

6.Itcouldbeinferredthattheauthormentionsallthefollowingexcept（

）.

問題1選項

A.themostimportantfunctionofauniversity

B.thedifferencesbetweenmodernandmedievaluniversities

C.thecontentoftheuniversityideal

D.theauthor'sopiniononeducation

問題2選項

A.scientificresearchshouldbebasedonfact

B.thetraditionaluniversityidealisacceptable

C.oneshouldalwaysobserveanimalscarefully

D.onemustlistencarefullytowhatotherssay

問題3選項

A.Therelationshipbetweenteacherandstudentisverysimple

B.Manyscholarspursueknowledgeforspiritualandintellectualhealth

C.Therealizationoftheuniversityidealdependsonseveralimportantfactors

D.Theuniversity'slongtraditionalispreferredbymanyscholars

問題4選項

A.Theoriesmustbecombinedwithpractice.

B.Scienceisnotrelatedtoimaginations

C.Theteachingenvironmentisthemostimportantinachievingtheuniversityideal

D.Themedievaluniversityhadlittlemerits.

問題5選項

A.clever

B.brave

C.new

D.interesting

問題6選項

A.thetraditionalteachingmethods

B.objectiveinquiry

C.thelinkingofacademicstudywiththefactsoflife

D.revoltagainstauthority

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:C

第6題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。作者通過寓言引出傳統(tǒng)教育理念，并對此做出兩個結(jié)論：第一，我們目前對大學的困惑源于這位中世紀學生的行為，即客觀探究、反抗權(quán)威等；第二，對傳統(tǒng)大學理念要三思后再考慮踐行。最后，作者提出三個疑問，一是我們應(yīng)該延續(xù)傳統(tǒng)大學的什么內(nèi)容？大學有什么義務(wù)？這兩種忠誠（一種是對傳統(tǒng)大學理想的忠誠，另一種是對社會的忠誠）的前景是什么？這些內(nèi)容都是和教育有關(guān)，因此答案為D選項“作者對教育的看法”。

2.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段中“Iwanttodrawtwoconclusionsfromthisparable.”，中文翻譯為我想從這個寓言中得出兩個結(jié)論。以及后文“Thefirstisthatourpresentperplexitiesaboutuniversitiesderivefromtheactofthismedievalstudent.Hesymbolizesthebeginningofobjectiveinquiry,therevoltagainstauthority,theempiricalattitude,thelinkingofacademicstudywiththefactsoflife.Hisactintroducedresearchintotheuniversity.”，中文翻譯為：第一，我們現(xiàn)在對大學的困惑源于這個中世紀學生的行為。他象征著客觀探究的開始、對權(quán)威的反抗、經(jīng)驗主義的態(tài)度、學術(shù)研究與生活事實的聯(lián)系。他的行為把研究引入了大學。和“Thesecond-conclusionisthatwemustthinktwicebeforewebecomenostalgicaboutthetraditionaluniversityideal…”，中文翻譯為：第二個結(jié)論是，在我們對傳統(tǒng)的大學理想產(chǎn)生懷舊情緒之前，我們必須三思而后行?？梢缘弥狟選項“傳統(tǒng)大學教育理想是可以接受的”符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段中“Thesecond-conclusionisthatwemustthinktwicebeforewebecomenostalgicaboutthetraditionaluniversityideal.”，中文翻譯為：第二個結(jié)論是，在我們對傳統(tǒng)的大學理想產(chǎn)生懷舊情緒之前，我們必須三思而后行。因此，C選項“大學理想的實現(xiàn)取決于很多重要因素”最符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。由A項可以定位到文章第二段，第二段談及“寓言中學生的行為象征著客觀探究的開始，對權(quán)威的反抗，經(jīng)驗主義的態(tài)度，學術(shù)研究與現(xiàn)實生活的聯(lián)系?！眲t排除A選項；B選項在文章內(nèi)沒有提及；由C選項“教學環(huán)境是實現(xiàn)大學理想的重中之重”可以定位到文章第二段中“Themedievaluniversitywashostiletowhatwenowcallacademicfreedom…Thetraditionaluniversitywasnotmuchinterestedindiscovery:itwaspreoccupiedwithtransmissionofacrystallizedculture.Itwasatcertainperiodsnoteveninterestedinknowledgeforitsownsake.Manyscholarspursuedknowledge.”，中文翻譯為：中世紀的大學敵視我們現(xiàn)在所說的學術(shù)自由……傳統(tǒng)大學對發(fā)現(xiàn)不太感興趣：它專注于固定文化的傳播。在某些時期，它甚至對知識本身不感興趣。許多學者追求知識。判斷C選項正確；由D項可以定位到文章中“Noteverythingaboutthetraditionaluniversityisworthpreserving.”，中文翻譯為：傳統(tǒng)大學中不是所有東西都值得保留。以及文章提及在對傳統(tǒng)大學理想產(chǎn)生懷舊情緒之前需要三思，判斷出D項錯誤。故C為正確答案。

5.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“novel”可以定位到第二段中“Noteverythingaboutthetraditionaluniversityisworthpreserving.Themedievaluniversitywashostiletowhatwenowcallacademicfreedom.Tostayoutsidethecorpusacademicismsetbookseventointerprettheminnovelwayswastocourtheresy.Thetraditionaluniversitywasnotmuchinterestedindiscovery:itwaspreoccupiedwithtransmissionofacrystallizedculture.”，中文翻譯為：并不是所有的傳統(tǒng)大學都值得保留。中世紀的大學敵視我們現(xiàn)在所說的學術(shù)自由。置身于學術(shù)文集之外，甚至以新穎的方式解讀書籍，都是在招惹異端。傳統(tǒng)大學對發(fā)現(xiàn)不太感興趣：它專注于固定文化的傳播。可以得知C項“新的”最為符合。

6.細節(jié)事實題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段中“Hesymbolizesthebeginningofobjectiveinquiry,therevoltagainstauthority,theempiricalattitude,thelinkingofacademicstudywiththefactsoflife.”，中文翻譯為：他象征著客觀探究的開始，對權(quán)威的反抗，經(jīng)驗主義的態(tài)度，學術(shù)研究與現(xiàn)實生活的聯(lián)系。因此只有A選項沒有提及，符合題意。

10.單選題

Ifeltsomewhatdisappointedandwasabouttoleave（）somethingoccurredwhichattractedmyattention.

問題1選項

A.unless

B.until

C.when

D.while

【答案】C

【解析】固定搭配。beabouttodo…when表示正準備做某事，某事就發(fā)生了。句意：我感到有點失望，正要離開時，發(fā)生了一件事引起了我的注意。選項C符合題意。

11.單選題

Actually,recyclingisoneoftheleastimportantthingswecando,ifourreal（）istopreservenaturalresources.

問題1選項

A.subjection

B.objective

C.excitement

D.inclusion

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。subjection“隸屬，服從，征服”；objective“目的，目標”；excitement“興奮，刺激”；inclusion“包含，內(nèi)含物”。句意：事實上，回收利用是我們能做的最不重要的事情之一，如果我們的真正（）是保護自然資源的話。由不定式topreservenaturalresources可知這是一種目的，故B項正確。

12.不定項選擇題

Opinionpollsarenowbeginningtoshowanunwillinggeneralagreementthat,whoeveristoblameandwhateverhappensfromnowon,highunemploymentisprobablyheretostay.Thismeansweshallhavetofindwaysofsharingtheemploymentmorewidely.

Butweneedtogofurther.Wemustasksomequestionsaboutthefutureofwork.Shouldwecontinuetotreatemploymentasthenorm?Shouldwenotratherencouragemanyotherwaysforself-respectingpeopletowork?Shouldwenotcreateconditionsinwhichmanyofuscanworkforourselves,ratherthanforanemployer?Shouldwenotaimtomakethehouseholdandtheneighborhood,aswellasthefactoryandtheoffice,centresofproductionandwork?

Theindustrialagehasbeentheonlyperiodofhumanhistoryinwhichmostpeople'sworkhastakentheformofjobs.Theindustrialagemaynowbecomingtoanend,andsomeofthechangesinworkpatternswhichitbroughtmayhavetobereversed.Thisseemsadauntingthought,but,infact,itcouldofferabetterfutureforwork.Universalemployment,asitshistoryshows,hasnotmeanteconomicfreedom.

Employmentbecamewidespreadwhentheenclosureofthe17thand18thcenturiesmademanypeopledependentonpaidworkbydeprivingthemoftheuseoftheland,andthusofthemeanstoprovidealivingforthemselves.Thenthefactorysystemdestroyedthecottageindustriesandremovedworkfrompeople’shomes.Later,astransportimproved,firstbyrailandthenbyroad,peopletravelledlongerdistancestotheirplacesofemploymentuntil,intheend,manypeople’sworklostallconnectionwiththeirhomelivesandtheplacesinwhichtheylived.

Meanwhile,employmentputwomenatadisadvantage.Itbecamecustomaryforthehusbandtogoouttopaidemployment,leavingtheunpaidworkofthehomeandfamilytohiswife.

Allthismaynowhavetochange.Thetimehascertainlycometoswitchsomeeffortandresourcesawayfromtheimpracticalgoalofcreatingjobsforalltotheurgentpracticaltaskofhelpingmanypeopletomanagewithoutfull-timejobs.

1.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

2.WhichofthefollowingwasNOTmentionedasafactorcontributingtothespreadofemployment?

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat（）.

4.Whatdoestheword“daunting”inthethirdparagraphmean?

5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTsuggestedasapossiblemeanstocopewiththecurrentsituation?

問題1選項

A.Employmentbecomewidespreadinthe17thand18thcenturies.

B.Unemploymentwillremainamajorproblemforindustrializednations.

C.Theindustrialagemaynowbecomingtoanend.

D.Someeffortsandresourcesshouldbedevotedtohelpingmorepeoplecopewiththeproblemofunemployment.

問題2選項

A.Theenclosuresofthe17thand18thcenturies.

B.Thedevelopmentoffactories.

C.Relieffromhouseworkonthepartofwomen.

D.Developmentofmodemmeansoftransportation.

問題3選項

A.mostpeoplewhohavebeenpolledbelievethattheproblemofunemploymentmaynotbesolvedwithinashortperiodoftime

B.manyfarmerslosttheirlandwhennewrailwaysandfactorieswerebeingconstructed

C.inpreindustrialsocietieshouseworkandcommunityserviceweremainlycarriedoutbywomen

D.someofthechangesinworkpatternthattheindustrialagebroughthavebeenreversed

問題4選項

A.Shocking

B.Interesting

C.Confusing

D.Stimulating

問題5選項

A.Createsituationsinwhichpeopleworkforthemselves.

B.Treatemploymentasthenorm.

C.Endeavortorevivethehouseholdandtheneighborhoodascentersofproduction.

D.Encouragepeopletoworkincircumstancesotherthannormalworkingconditions.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:主旨大意題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第一段第二句Thetimehascertainlycometoswitchsomeeffortandresourcesawayfromtheimpracticalgoalofcreatingjobsforalltotheurgentpracticaltaskofhelpingmanypeopletomanagewithoutfull-timejobs.（當然，現(xiàn)在是時候把一些努力和資源從為所有人創(chuàng)造就業(yè)的不切實際的