考研考博-英語-昆明理工大學(xué)津橋?qū)W院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-昆明理工大學(xué)津橋?qū)W院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Willallthose（

）theproposalraisetheirhands?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.inrelationto

B.inexcessto

C.incontrastto

D.infavorof

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。inrelationto意為“與……相關(guān)”；inexcessto意為“超過”；incontrastto意為“與……對(duì)比鮮明，相比之下”；infavorof意為“贊成，支持”。

句意：支持這個(gè)提議的所有這些人都會(huì)舉手嗎？

2.單選題

Herlaterwritingsolackedsubtletythatitalmostreadlikea______ofherearlierwork.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.parley

B.paranoia

C.parody

D.parole

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)parley“談判，會(huì)談”，B項(xiàng)paranoia“偏執(zhí)狂，妄想狂”，C項(xiàng)parody“拙劣的模仿，詼諧的改編詩文”，D項(xiàng)parole“言語，誓言，諾言”。由Herlaterwritingsolackedsubtlety“她后來的作品缺乏精妙之處”，結(jié)合so…that…“如此……以至于……”的邏輯可知，a______ofherearlierwork表示“早期作品的拙劣模仿”符合語境。句意：她后來的作品缺乏精妙之處，讀起來幾乎像是對(duì)她早期作品的拙劣模仿。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Thesinger’sperformancewassoexcitingthatmanyofhisfanswere（

）enthusiasm.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.stirredupwith

B.fantasizedwith

C.takebackwith

D.carriedawaywith

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。carryawaywith表示“使失去自制力”。句意：這位歌手的表演是如此令人興奮，以至于很多他的粉絲狂熱而失去了自制力。D項(xiàng)符合題意。fantasize幻想、想象；stirup煽動(dòng)；takeback帶回。

4.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

PresidentArlinghasputhislong-awaitedeconomicrestructuringprogrambeforetheCongress.Itprovidesacoordinatedprogramofinvestmentcredits,researchgrants,educationalreforms,andtaxchangesdesignedtomakeAmericanindustrymorecompetitive.Thisisnecessarytoreversetheeconomicslideintounemployment,lackofgrowth,andtradedeficitsthathaveplaguedtheeconomyforthepastsixyears.ThemostliberalwingofthePresident’spartyhascalledforstrongerandmoredirectaction.TheywantanincomespolicytocheckinflationwhileFederalfinancinghelpsrebuildindustrybehindawallofprotectivetariffs.TheRepublicans,however,decryeventhemodest,graduatedtaxincreasesinthePresident’sprogram.

Theywanttaxcutsandamoreopenmarket.TheysayifFederalmoneyhastobeinjectedintotheeconomy,letitthroughdefencespending.

Boththesealternativesignoretheuniquenatureoftheeconomicproblembeforeus.Itisnotsimplyamatterofmarketsorfinancing.Thenewtechnologyallowsvastlyincreasedproductionforthoseabletomasterit.

Butitalsothreatensthosewhofailtoadoptitwithpermanentsecond-classcitizenshipintheworldeconomy.Ifanindustrycannotleveritselfuptotheleadingstageoftechnologicaladvances,thenitwillnotbeabletocompeteeffectively.Ifitcannotdothis,noamountofgovernmentprotectionismoraccesstoforeignmarketscankeepitprofitableforlong.

Withouttheprofitsandexperienceoftechnologicalexcellencetoreinvest,thatindustrycanonlyfallstillfurtherbehinditsforeigncompetitors.

SothecruxisthetechnologyandthatiswherethePresident’sprogramfocused.Thedangerisnotthataplanwillnotbepassed,itisthattheideologuesofrightandleftwilldistortthebillwithamendmentsthatwillbluritsfocusontechnology.Theeconomicrestructuringplanshouldbepassedintact.

Ifwefailtorestructureoureconomynow,wemaynotgetasecondchance.

1.ThefocusofthePresident’sprogramison_____.

2.WhatistherequirementofthemostliberalwingoftheDemocratic-party?

3.Whatistheeditor’sattitude?

4.Thedangertotheplanliesin_______.

5.Thepassageis______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.investment

B.economy

C.technology

D.tax

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theywantamoredirectaction.

B.Theywantanincomespolicytocheckinflation.

C.Theywanttorebuildindustry.

D.Theywantawallofprotectivetariffs.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Support.

B.Distaste.

C.Disapproval.

D.Compromise.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.thetwoparties’objection

B.differentideaofthetwopartiesabouttheplan

C.itspassage

D.distortion

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.areview

B.apreface

C.anadvertisement

D.aneditorial

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

ThefocusofthePresident’sprogramison____.總統(tǒng)項(xiàng)目的重點(diǎn)是____。

A.investmentA.投資

B.economyB.經(jīng)濟(jì)

C.technologyC.技術(shù)

D.taxD.稅收

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息focusofthePresident’sprogram可定位到倒數(shù)第二段第一句，該處講到“所以關(guān)鍵是技術(shù)（thecruxisthetechnology），這也是總統(tǒng)項(xiàng)目的重點(diǎn)所在”因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“投資”，是總統(tǒng)計(jì)劃中涉及到的部分但并不是關(guān)鍵，屬于本末倒置；

B選項(xiàng)“經(jīng)濟(jì)”，范圍太廣，太籠統(tǒng)，屬于本末倒置；

D選項(xiàng)“稅收”，是總統(tǒng)計(jì)劃中的一部分但也不是關(guān)鍵，屬于本末倒置。

2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

WhatistherequirementofthemostliberalwingoftheDemocratic-party?民主黨中最自由派的要求是什么？

A.Theywantamoredirectaction.A.他們想要一個(gè)更直接的行動(dòng)。

B.Theywantanincomespolicytocheckinflation.B.他們想要一個(gè)收入政策來遏制通貨膨脹。

C.Theywanttorebuildindustry.C.他們想重建工業(yè)。

D.Theywantawallofprotectivetariffs.D.他們想要保護(hù)性關(guān)稅壁壘。

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到Para.1第四句，該處講到“總統(tǒng)政黨中最自由的一派呼吁采取更有力、更直接的行動(dòng)（strongerandmoredirectaction）”。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)“他們想要一個(gè)收入政策來遏制通貨膨脹”，屬于行動(dòng)中的一部分，該選項(xiàng)以偏概全；

C選項(xiàng)“他們想重建工業(yè)”，屬于行動(dòng)中一部分，該選項(xiàng)以偏概全；

D選項(xiàng)“他們想要保護(hù)性關(guān)稅壁壘”也是該行動(dòng)中的一部分，以偏概全。

3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Whatistheeditor’sattitude?編者的態(tài)度是什么？

A.Support.A.支持。

B.Distaste.B.厭惡。

C.Disapproval.C.反對(duì)。

D.Compromise.D.妥協(xié)。

【考查點(diǎn)】觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。

【解題思路】文中作者在Para.4第二句中說到“如果一個(gè)行業(yè)不能把自己提升到技術(shù)進(jìn)步的領(lǐng)先階段，那么它就不能有效地競爭”。也就是說作者贊同新計(jì)劃，發(fā)展新技術(shù)。同時(shí)他還強(qiáng)調(diào)了新技術(shù)在未來發(fā)展的作用。作者在最后一段又提到“如果我們現(xiàn)在不能重組我們的經(jīng)濟(jì)，我們可能不會(huì)有第二次機(jī)會(huì)?！保C合理解可以推測出作者的態(tài)度是支持的。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)“厭惡”、C選項(xiàng)“反對(duì)”、D選項(xiàng)“妥協(xié)”不符合原文作者的觀點(diǎn)，屬于無中生有。

4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Thedangertotheplanliesin____.這個(gè)計(jì)劃的危險(xiǎn)在于____。

A.thetwoparties’objectionA.雙方的反對(duì)意見

B.differentideaofthetwopartiesabouttheplanB.雙方對(duì)這個(gè)計(jì)劃有不同的看法

C.itspassageC.它的通過

D.distortionD.扭曲；曲解

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息dangertotheplan可定位到倒數(shù)第二段第二句，該處講到“危險(xiǎn)（Thedanger）不在于一項(xiàng)計(jì)劃無法通過，而在于左右翼的理論家將通過修正案歪曲該法案（distortthebillwithamendments），從而模糊其對(duì)技術(shù)的關(guān)注?！薄１葘?duì)選項(xiàng)，D選項(xiàng)恰好是此信息的同義轉(zhuǎn)換，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“雙方的反對(duì)意見”，屬于無中生有；

B選項(xiàng)“雙方對(duì)這個(gè)計(jì)劃有不同的看法”，屬于無中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“它的通過”，通過解題思路可知文中明確提到“危險(xiǎn)（Thedanger）不在于一項(xiàng)計(jì)劃無法通過”，為反向干擾。

5.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Thepassageis____.這篇文章是____。

A.areview

A.一篇回顧

B.aprefaceB.一篇前言

C.anadvertisementC.一則廣告

D.aneditorialD.一篇社論

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，該文章是作者對(duì)美國經(jīng)濟(jì)計(jì)劃的客觀描述。這是對(duì)大事件的報(bào)道。editorial表示報(bào)紙上的一篇重要文章，表達(dá)編輯對(duì)某條新聞或某一問題的看法，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“一篇回顧”，指回想過去發(fā)生的事情。而該文章描述的是一個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)計(jì)劃，因此屬于無中生有；

B選項(xiàng)“一篇前言”，指寫在書或者文章前的序言或?qū)а?，該篇文章是一個(gè)陳述并非引導(dǎo)，屬于無中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“一則廣告”，廣告應(yīng)該要宣傳什么，不符合文章內(nèi)容，屬于無中生有。

5.單選題

Asonlinecomputersystemsbecomemorepopular,televisionsandcomputersareincreasingly().Suchtechnologiescombinethecapabilitiesofcomputers,televisionetc.,andgreatlyexpandtheservicesthatcanbeprovided.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.separated

B.segregated

C.integrated

D.intersected

【答案】C

【解析】separated分開，隔開；segregated隔離，分離；integrated結(jié)合；intersected分割。句意：隨著在線計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)變得越來越流行，電視和計(jì)算機(jī)日益融合。這些技術(shù)結(jié)合了計(jì)算機(jī)、電視等的功能，極大地?cái)U(kuò)展了所能提供的服務(wù)。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

6.單選題

Thoughseriouslydamagedbyafire,theancientmansionwaseventually（）toitsoriginalsplendor.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.repaired

B.renewed

C.restored

D.renovated

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)repair“修理；補(bǔ)救，糾正”；B選項(xiàng)renew“使更新；續(xù)借；續(xù)費(fèi)”；C選項(xiàng)restore“恢復(fù)；修復(fù)；歸還”；D選項(xiàng)renovate“更新；革新；刷新”。句意：盡管被一場火災(zāi)嚴(yán)重?fù)p壞，但這個(gè)古老的宅第最后被恢復(fù)到了它原來的壯麗。結(jié)合此處語境，C選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Sheistooshytoaskastrangerthetime,（）speaktoaroomofpeople.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.muchless

B.muchmore

C.stillmore

D.moreorless

【答案】B

【解析】副詞詞組辨析。muchless“更不用說”；muchmore“更加”；stillmore“更何況”；moreorless“或多或少”。句意：她十分害羞以至于不敢詢問陌生人時(shí)間，更何況是和一屋子的人說話。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

8.單選題

HelenKeller'sworkgavecomfortandencouragementtootherhandicappedpeoplewho（）mighthaveledahopelesslife.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.therefore

B.thus

C.or

D.otherwise

【答案】D

【解析】考查邏輯關(guān)系。句意：海倫?凱勒的工作是給其他殘疾人以安慰和鼓勵(lì),否則他們可能會(huì)過著絕望的生活。前后構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,選項(xiàng)D正確。

9.單選題

Certaindecisionsweremadethatseemedobviousandnecessaryatthetime,but（）,weknowthatsomeofthemarenotasbeneficialasthecreatorsthenbelieved.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.inretrospection

B.inretrospect

C.withreminiscence

D.innostalgia

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。inretrospect意為“回顧往事，檢討過去”。句意：有些決定在當(dāng)時(shí)看來是顯而易見和必要的，但回顧過去，我們知道有些決定并不像當(dāng)時(shí)我們所認(rèn)為的那樣有益。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

10.單選題

Thephrase“progressiveeducation”isone,ifnotprotest,atleastofcontrast,ofcontrastwithaneducationwhichwaspredominantlystaticinsubject-matter,authoritarianinmethods,andmainlypassiveandreceptivefromthesideoftheyoung.Butthephilosophyofeducationmustgobeyondanyideaofeducationthatisformedbywayofcontrast,reactionandprotest,foritisanattempttodiscoverwhateducationisandhowittakesplace.Onlywhenweidentifyeducationwithschoolingdoesitseemtobeasimplethingtotellwhateducationactuallyis,andyetaclearideaofwhatitisgivesusouronlycriterionforjudginganddirectingwhatgoesoninschools.

Itissometimessupposedthatitisthebusinessofthephilosophyofeducationtotellwhateducationshouldbe.Buttheonlywayofdecidingwhateducationshouldbe,atleast,theonlywaywhichdoesnotleadusintotheclouds,isdiscoveryofwhateducationtakesplacewheneducationreallyoccurs.Andbeforewecanformulateaphilosophyofeducationwemustknowhumannatureisconstitutedintheconcrete;wemustknowabouttheworkingofactualsocialforces;wemustknowabouttheoperationsthroughwhichbasicrawmaterialsaremodifiedintosomethingofgreatervalue.Theneedforaphilosophyofeducationisthusfundamentallytheneedforfindingoutwhateducationreallyis.Wehavetotakethosecasesinwhichwefindthereisarealdevelopmentofdesirablepowers,andthenfindouthowthisdevelopmenttookplace.Thenwecanprojectwhathastakenplaceintheseinstancesasaguidefordirectingourotherefforts.Theneedforthisdiscoveryandthisprojectionistheneedforaphilosophyofeducation.

Whattheniseducationwhenwefindactualsatisfactoryspecimensofitinexistence?Inthefirstplace,itisaprocessofdevelopment,ofgrowth.Anditistheprocessandnotmerelytheresultthatisimportant.Atrulyhealthypersonisnotsomethingfixedandcompleted.Heisapersonwhoseprocessesandactivitiesgooninsuchawaythathewillcontinuetobehealthy.Similarly,aneducatedpersonisthepersonwhohasthepowertogoonandgetmoreeducation.

Inanycase,developmentandgrowthinvolvechange,modification,andmodificationindefinitedirections.Itisquitepossibleforateacher,underthesupposedsanctionoftheideaofcultivatingindividuality,tofixateapupilmoreorlessathisexistinglevel.Respectforindividualityisprimarilyintellectual.Itsignifiesstudyingtheindividualtoseewhatistheretoworkwith.Havingthissympatheticunderstanding,thepracticalworkthenbegins,forthepracticalworkisoneofmodification,ofchanging,ofreconstructioncontinuedwithoutend.Thechangemustatleastbetowardsmoreeffectivetechniques,towardsgreaterself-reliance,towardsamorethoughtfulandinquiringdisposition,onemorecapableofpersistenteffortinmeetingobstacles.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,thephilosophyofeducation（

）.

2.Thephilosophyofeducationissupposedto（

）.

3.Thechieftaskofthephilosophyofeducationisto（

）.

4.Thesignificanceofdesirableeducationlies（

）.

5.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?（

），

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.isthesameastheconceptionofprogressiveeducation

B.studiestheessenceofeducationandthewayitoccurs

C.conformstoanyideaofeducationthatisconservativeandauthoritarian

D.dealswiththejudgmentanddirectionofschoolmanagement

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.resultfromrealunderstandingofoccurrencesinactualschooling

B.betheonlywayleadingtoobscureunderstandingofeducation

C.havetakenplacewheneducationfirstcameintoexistence

D.bethebasisonwhichdecisionsonpracticaleducationareformulated

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.analyzetheconstitutionofhumannatureingreatdetail

B.clarifythepracticaleffectsofsocialforcesoneducation

C.presenthowrawmaterialsaremadeintovaluablegoods

D.findoutthewaysofhowtobringoutthebesthumanfaculties

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.moreinitsoperationthaninitsmodification

B.lessinitsmodificationthaninitsoperation

C.notonlyinitsresultbutalsoinitsprocess

D.ratherinitsprocessthaninitsresult

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Thesupposedapprovaloftheideaofcultivatingindividualityisreasonable.

B.Modificationreferstomakingapupildevelopinafixeddirection.

C.Torespectindividualitymeanstodiscoverwhetheranindividualisworthmodifying.

D.Trueeducationshouldbebasedoncultivatingastudentaccordingtohis/hernaturaltalent.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.文章第一段第二句在解釋什么是“教育原理”時(shí)提到“itisanattempttodiscoverwhateducationisandhowittakesplace”，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

2.文章第二段第二句后半句“isdiscoveryofwhateducationtakesplacewheneducationreallyoccurs”，提到了如何定義教育。將四個(gè)選項(xiàng)與之匹配，可知選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

3.文章第二段提到Andbeforewecanformulateaphilosophyofeducationwemustknowhumannatureisconstitutedintheconcrete;wemustknowabouttheworkingofactualsocialforces;wemustknowabouttheoperationsthroughwhichbasicrawmaterialsaremodifiedintosomethingofgreatervalue.（在制定一個(gè)教育原理之前，我們需要知道人的本質(zhì)是如何構(gòu)成的，我們必須知道實(shí)際的社會(huì)力量的作用，我們必須知道如何將基礎(chǔ)原材料通過加工改造成更有價(jià)值的東西。）第三段最后一句話Similarly,andeducatedpersonisthepersonwhohasthepowertogoonandgetmoreeducation(一個(gè)受教育的人要有能力讓更多人受教育)。從這里可知，教育的主要目的是培養(yǎng)人的能力。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

4.文章第三段第二句和第三句原文“Inthefirstplace,itisaprocessofdevelopment,ofgrowth.Anditistheprocessandnotmerelytheresultthatisimportant”，選項(xiàng)C與之相符，符合題意。

5.文章最后一段提及到要“respectforindividualityisprimarilyintellectual”(尊重個(gè)性是最基本的、明智的)。所以可以推論出作者在強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體，強(qiáng)調(diào)因材施教。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

11.單選題

Salaryincreasesareusefultoretainandemployees,and（

）arealsoamethodofrecognizingtheemployee'scontributiontoacompany.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.motivate

B.modulate

C.multiply

D.mobilize

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)motivate表示“刺激，激勵(lì)，促進(jìn)”；B選項(xiàng)modulate表示“調(diào)節(jié)，調(diào)整”；C選項(xiàng)multiply表示“乘，繁殖，增加”；D選項(xiàng)mobilize表示“動(dòng)員，集合，組織”。

由句意可知，漲工資有利于保持和激發(fā)員工積極性，同時(shí)也是對(duì)員工貢獻(xiàn)的認(rèn)可。因此，motivate的詞義最符合句意，故本題正確答案為A選項(xiàng)。

12.單選題

IftheUnitedStateshadbuiltmorehomesforpoorpeoplein1995,thehousingproblemsnowinsomepartsofthecountry___soserious.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.wouldn’tbe

B.wouldn’thavebeen

C.willnotbe

D.wouldhavenotbeen

【答案】A

【解析】考查錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間虛擬條件句。第一句是虛擬過去時(shí)IftheUnitedStateshadbuiltmorehomesforpoorpeoplein1995(had=過去時(shí))，但第二句thehousingproblemsnow，關(guān)鍵是now，表示現(xiàn)在，時(shí)態(tài)發(fā)生改變。變?yōu)殄e(cuò)綜虛擬條件句，即條件從句與主句所指時(shí)間不一致，如從句指過去，而主句即指的是現(xiàn)在或?qū)?，此時(shí)應(yīng)根據(jù)具體的語境情調(diào)整。句意：如果美國在1995年為窮人建造更多的住房，現(xiàn)在美國一些地區(qū)的住房問題就不會(huì)那么嚴(yán)重。本句表示如果以前怎樣，那現(xiàn)在的問題就不會(huì)那么嚴(yán)重，主句時(shí)態(tài)用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+現(xiàn)在時(shí)。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

Undertheumbrellaoftheindependentspirit,millionsofimmigrantscametothiscountryseekingshelterfromintolerance,prejudice,and（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.persistence

B.permanence

C.perspective

D.persecution

【答案】D

【解析】考察名詞辨析。persistence堅(jiān)持；permanence持久；perspective遠(yuǎn)景，觀點(diǎn)；persecution迫害；句意：在獨(dú)立精神的庇護(hù)下，成千上萬的移民來到這個(gè)國家。他們?cè)谶@里尋求庇護(hù)，遠(yuǎn)離褊狹、偏見和迫害。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

14.單選題

TheAfricanelephant—mythicsymbolofacontinent,keystoneofitsecologyandthelargestlandanimalremainingonearth—hasbecometheobjectofoneofthebiggest,broadestinternationaleffortsyetmountedtoturnathreatenedspeciesofftheroadtoextinction.Butitisnotonlytheelephant'ssurvivalthatisatstake,conservationistssay.Unliketheendangeredtiger,unlikeeventhegreatwhales,theAfricanelephantisingreatmeasurethearchitectofitsenvironment.Asavoraciouseaterofvegetation,itlargelyshapestheforest-and-savannasurroundingsinwhichitlives,therebysettingthetermsofexistenceformillionsofotherstoriedanimals-fromzebrastogazellestogiraffesandwildebeests—thatshareitshabitatAndastheelephantdisappears,scientistsandconservationistssay,manyotherspecieswillalsodisappearfromvaststretchesofforestandsavanna,drasticallyalteringandimpoverishingwholeecosystems.

Itistheelephant'smetabolismandappetitethatmakeitadisturberoftheenvironmentandthereforeanimportantcreatorofhabitat.Inaconstantsearchforthe300poundsofvegetationitmusthaveeveryday,itkillssmalltreesandunderbrushandpullsbranchesoffbigtreesashighasitstrunkwillreach.ThiscreatesinnumerableopenspacesinbothdeeptropicalforestsandinthewoodlandsthatcoverpartoftheAfricansavannas.Theresultingpatchwork,amosaicofvegetationinvariousstagesofregeneration,inturncreatesagreatervarietyofforagethatattractsagreatervarietyofothervegetation-eatersthanwouldotherwisebethecase.

Instudiesoverthelast20yearsinsouthernKenyanearMountKilimanjaro,Dr.Westernhasfoundthatwhenelephantsareallowedtoroamdiesavannasnaturallyandnormally,theyspreadoutat"intermediatedensities."Theirforagingcreatesamixtureofsavannawoodlands(whattheAfricanscallbush)andgrassland.Theresultisahighlydiversearrayofotherplant-eatingspecies:thoselikethezebra,wildebeestandgazelle,thatgraze:thoselikethegiraffe,bushbuckandlesserkudu,thatbrowseontendershoots,buds,twigsandleaves;andplant-eatingprimateslikethebaboonandvervetmonkey.Theseherbivoresattractcarnivoreslikethelionandcheetah.

Whentheelephantpopulationthinsout.Dr.Westernsaid,thewoodlandsbecomedenserandthegrazersaresqueezedout.Whenpressurefrompoachersforceselephantstocrowdmoredenselyontoreservations,thewoodlandsthereareknockedoutandthebrowsersandprimatesdisappear.

Somethingsimilarappearstohappenindensetropicalrainforests.Intheirnaturalstate,becausetheoverheadforestcanopyshutsoutsunlightandpreventsgrowthontheforestfloor,rainforestsprovideslimpickingsforlarge,hoofedplant-eaters.Bypullingdowntreesandeatingnewgrowth,elephantsenlargenaturalopeningsinthecanopy,allowingplantstoregenerateontheforestfloorandbringingdownvegetationfromthecanopysothatsmallerspeciescangetatit.

Insuchsituations,therainforestbecomeshospitabletolargeplant-eatingmammalssuchasbongos,bushpigs,duikers,foresthogs,swampantelopes,forestbuffaloes,okapis,sometimesgorillasandalwaysahostofsmalleranimalsthatthriveonsecondarygrowth.Whenelephantsdisappearandtheforestreverts,thelargermammalsgivewaytosmaller,nimbleranimalslikemonkeys,squirrelsandrodents.

1.Thepassageisprimarilyconcernedwith（）.

2.Intheopeningparagraph,theauthormentionstigersandwhalesinordertoemphasizewhichpointabouttheelephant?

3.Anecessarycomponentoftheelephant'sabilitytotransformthelandscapeisits（）.

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat（）.

5.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressestheauthorsattitudetowardthedamagetovegetationcausedbyforagingelephants?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.explainingwhyelephantsarefacingthethreatofextinction

B.explainingdifficultiesinprovidingsufficientforageforplant-eaters

C.explaininghowtheelephantsimpactonitssurroundingsaffectsotherspecies

D.distinguishingbetweensavannasandrainforestsashabitatsforelephants

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Likethem,Ufacesthethreatofextinction.

B.Itisherbivorousratherthancarnivorous.

C.Itisthelargestextantlandmammal.

D.Unlikethem,itphysicallyaltersitsenvironment.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.massiveintelligence

B.threatenedextinction

C.ravenoushunger

D.lackofgrace

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.thenaturaltendencyofelephantsistocrowdtogetherinpacks

B.theelephantisdependentupontheexistenceofsmallerplant-eatingmammalsforitssurvival

C.elephantshaveanindirecteffectonthehuntingpatternsofcertaincarnivores

D.thefloorofthetropicalrainforestistooovergrowntoaccommodatelargerplant-eatingspecies

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Itisanunfortunateby-productofthefeedingprocess.

B.Itisanecessarybutundesirableaspectofelephantpopulationgrowth.

C.Itfortuitouslyresultsincreatingenvironmentssuitedtodiversespecies.

D.Ithastheunexpectedadvantagethatitallowsscientistsaccesstotherainforest

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.本文主要是講述大象能夠改變居住環(huán)境,從而影響其他物種的生存,選項(xiàng)C正確。

2.根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞"tigers""whales"定位到第一段第三句"Unliketheendangeredtiger,unlikeeventhegreatwhales,theAfricanelephantisingreatmeasurethearchitectofitsenvironment."不像瀕臨滅絕的老虎,甚至不像大型鯨魚,非洲象在很大程度上是環(huán)境的建筑師。也就是說大象能夠改變環(huán)境,選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

3.根據(jù)第二段的第一句"Itistheelephant'smetabolismandappetitethatmakeitadisturberoftheenvironment...."大象能夠改變環(huán)境是因?yàn)樗鼈兊男玛惔x和食欲。選項(xiàng)C正確。

4.根據(jù)第三段第一句"whenelephantsareallowedtoroamdiesavannasnaturallyandnormally,theyspreadoutat"intermediatedensities.""可知,大象不是群居動(dòng)物,所以選項(xiàng)A錯(cuò)誤;根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的內(nèi)容可知,選項(xiàng)B表達(dá)的剛好是相反的情況,所以錯(cuò)誤;根據(jù)最后一段的第一句"...therainforestbecomeshospitabletolargeplant-eatingmammals..."可知選項(xiàng)D錯(cuò)誤。根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容可知,大象改變環(huán)境會(huì)產(chǎn)生種類繁多的食草動(dòng)物,食草動(dòng)物又吸引了食肉動(dòng)物。也就是說大象對(duì)某些食肉動(dòng)物的捕獵方式有間接影響。選項(xiàng)C符合原文內(nèi)容。

5.結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知,大象改變環(huán)境給其他物種創(chuàng)造了適宜其生存的環(huán)境,這是偶然性的而不是大象刻意為之的,所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

15.單選題

We（）afigureofamanclingingtothemastoftheship.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.discerned

B.dispatched

C.dissipated

D.diminished

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析。句意：我們（）那個(gè)倚靠在船桅桿的人。discerned認(rèn)出，識(shí)別；dispatched派遣，分派；dissipated驅(qū)散，放蕩；diminished減少，縮小。因此，A項(xiàng)符合句意。

16.單選題

AlthoughIspoketohimmanytimes,henevertookany（

）ofwhatIsaid.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.notice

B.remark

C.observation

D.attention

【答案】A

【解析】takenoticeof為固定短語，意為：注意到，留意。句意：雖然我跟他說過很多次，但他從來沒有注意到我說的話。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

17.單選題

Aprogramtoderegulatetheeconomyinvolvedtheremovalofmanylegalandgovernmentalrestrictionsthatwereregardedashindrancestofreecompetition.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.stimuli

B.phases

C.parameters

D.obstacles

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.stimuli促進(jìn)因素，激勵(lì)因素，刺激物B.phases階段，時(shí)期

C.parameters決定因素，規(guī)范D.obstacles阻礙，絆腳石

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】hindrances的意思為“造成妨礙的人（或事物）”，指的是阻礙自由競爭的法律和政策，obstacles與之詞義相近，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C選項(xiàng)詞義與之不符。

【句意】解除經(jīng)濟(jì)管制的計(jì)劃包括取消許多視為阻礙自由競爭的法律和政策限制。

18.單選題

Iwouldrather___troubleandhardshiplikethatthan___byothers.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.had....takecareof

B.have...takencareof

C.had...takencareof

D.have...betakencareof

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。根據(jù)固定搭配wouldratherdosth.thandosth.“寧愿做某事而不愿做某事”可知空格處要填入原型，排除A，B，C選項(xiàng)。句意：我寧愿有困難，也不愿被別人照顧。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

19.單選題

Ethnicityshouldnotbethesolecriteriaintherestructuringprocessbecauseithasthe（）powertolullconsciousnessoftheimplementersandmakethem（）thosewhoarefromdifferentgroups.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.dominant...bearthesightof

B.disproportionate...settheirsightson

C.uncanny.....losesightof

D.inherent...catchsightof

【答案】D

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析和固定搭配。dominant“占優(yōu)勢的，支配的”；沒有搭配bearthesightof，選項(xiàng)A可排除。disproportionate“不成比例的”；setone'ssighton“以......為目標(biāo)”；uncanny“神秘的，離奇的”；losesightof“忽視，不看”；inherent“固有的，內(nèi)在的”；catchsightof“看見”。句意：種族不應(yīng)該成為改進(jìn)進(jìn)程的唯一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，因?yàn)樗幸环N內(nèi)在的力量減弱主體意識(shí)，并且使他們看到來自不同群體的成員。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

20.單選題

Thesepollutantscanbe（

）hundredsandeventhousandsofkilometersbylargeairmasses.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.conveyed

B.conjectured

C.conjured

D.conserved

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。convey“傳播，輸送”；conjecture“推測”；conjure“用魔法變出，想象”；conserve“保全，保護(hù)”。句意為：這些污染物會(huì)因?yàn)閺?qiáng)大的氣團(tuán)而被傳播至百里，甚至千里之外。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

21.單選題

Marlinisayoungmanofindependentthinkingwhoisnotabout________complimentstohispoliticalleaders.

/r/