考研考博-英語-昆明醫(yī)科大學(xué)押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-昆明醫(yī)科大學(xué)押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Thedevelopedcountriesareurgingthedevelopingcountriestoadoptastrategythatcan（）thetwinneedsofdevelopmentandpreservationofnature.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.assimilate

B.correspond

C.coincide

D.reconcile

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A:assimilate“吸收”；B:correspond“一'致”；C:coincide“一致”；D:reconcile“使一致”。句意：發(fā)達(dá)國家正在催促發(fā)展中國家采用一個(gè)能使發(fā)展和保護(hù)自然的雙重需要一致的策略。結(jié)合此處語境，D為正確答案。

2.單選題

Isevolutionpredictable,orwasitheavilyshapedbyrandomevents?Biologistshavearguedoverthisquestionfordecades.Somesuggestthatifwereplayedthehistoryoflifeonourplanet,theresultingspecieswouldbedifferent.Opponentscounterthatlifeislargelydeterministic.

Recently,researchershavebeguntoaskthesamequestionsaboutrocks.Some5,000mineralshavebeenfoundonEarth.Butmineralsdidn’tsimplyappearallatoncewhentheEarthformed.Theymaterializedovertime,eachcrystalarisinginresponsetotheconditionsoftheparticularepochinwhichitformed.Mineralsevolved—insomecases,inresponsetolife.Soaretoday’smineralsapredictableconsequenceoftheplanet’schemicalmakeup,ortheresultofchanceevents?Whatifweweretospotanotherearth-likeplanetinthecosmos--wouldweexpectitsgemstonestomatchours,orwouldtheyshineinwaysneverseenbefore?

RobertHazen,amineralphysicistattheCarnegieInstitutionofWashington,andhiscolleaguesarepublishingaseriesofpapersthisyearthatrevealbroadinsightsintowhethergeologyisamatteroffate.MineralsonEarthmayindeedhavebeenguidedbydeterministicrulesthatcouldapplytootherworldsaswell,theyfound.Butourplanetisrifewithextremelyrareminerals,whichsuggeststhatchanceoccurrencesalsoplayasignificantpart.Inaddition,ifwefoundanearth-liketwinelsewhereintheuniverse,manycommonmineralswouldlikelybethesame~butthatplanetwouldprobablyalsoholdmanymineralsunlikeanyexistinghere.

Thefindingsaren’tjustamatterofcuriosity.Somemineralsmayhavehelpedearlyorganismsemerge.Andunderstandingwhichmineralscouldhaveformedonearth-likeplanetsmayhelpscientistsbetterpredictwhichworldsarelikeliesttoharborlife.Conversely,somemineralsariseonlyinthepresenceoforganisms.SofindingpatternsinEarth’smineraldistributioncouldhelpscientistsidentifyamineralogicalsignatureforlife,andthensearchforitonotherplanets

Traditionally,mineralogyhasbeendominatedbyanalysisofthestructuresandformationofindividualminerals.Butina2008studyHazenandhiscolleaguestookamorehistoricalview.Theresearchersassessedearth’sknownmineralsandtriedtoestablishwhentheconditionswererightfortheirformation.Theteamconcludedthatabouttwo-thirdsofearth’smineralswouldnothaveemergeduntillifewaspresent.Forexample,earlymicroorganismsseededtheatmospherewithoxygen,whichinteractedwithexistingmineralstoyieldnewones.Hazenpointsoutthatthisso-calledGreatOxygenationEventhadarevolutionaryimpact,openingthedoortothousandsofnewminerals.

Hazenandcollaboratorsthensetouttoinvestigatetherolethatchanceplayedinmineralformation.First,theystudiedtherelationbetweenmineraldiversityandtheabundanceofindividualelementsinearth’scrust.Theyfoundthatthemoreabundanttheelement,themoremineralsitformed.Theythenperformedthesameexercisewithmineralsfromthemoon.Asimilarrelationshipheld,eventhoughthenumberofknownmineralsthereismuchsmaller.Thiscommontrendsuggestedanelementofdeterminism:Givenstartingchemicalconditions,onecouldpredict,toacertainextent,whichmineralswouldform.

Theteamdidfindoutliers,however,Hazen’steambelievestherearechemicalreasonsforthediscrepancies.Theirresultsstillsupporttheideaofdeterminism,saidco-authorEdwardGrew,apetrologistattheUniversityofMaine,because“wecanexplainwhythey’renotobeyingtherules.”PeterHeaney,amineralogistatPennsylvaniaStateUniversity,saidthatthereasonsgivenfortheoutliersmakesense.“WhatisimportantisthatHazenismakingusthinkaboutmineraldiversificationinanewway,”saidHeaney,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy.

Haran’steamalsofoundevidencefortheroleofchance.Theresearchersusedacrowd-sourceddatabasetoretrievemorethan650,000mineralostentationsatspecificlocationsaroundtheworld:22%ofallmineralswerereportedinonlyoneplace,12%inonlytwoplaces.Thepresenceofsomanyextremeraritiessuggeststhatrandomnessdoesplayarole,saidNASAastrobiologistChrisMcKay,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy.“That’sthehallmarkofchanceevents.”Theseraremineralsmightappearonlyunderfortuitouscircumstances,e.g.anunusualassemblyofrocksthatconcentrateselementstogether.

Whatwouldhappenifearth’shistorywerereplayed?Thereareabout15,300plausiblewaystocombinenaturallyoccurringelementintouniqueminerals,theresearchersestimate.Inarerunofearth,theysay,atleastone-quarteroftheplanet’sroughly5,000mineralswouldcomeoutdifferently.Inaddition,thelikelihoodthatanotherplanethasexactlythesamesetofmineralsasEarthislessthan1in10.Inotherwords,ourplanet’sprecisemineralcompositionisunlikelytobefoundanywhereelseintheuniverse.

1.Scientistsusethephilosophicalterm“deterministic”.（

）

2.AccordingtoChrisMcKay,ifsomethingonlyoccursonceortwiceinalargeandcomplexnaturalsystem.（

）

3.Basedonthisarticle,wemayconcludethatminerals.（

）

4.TheopinionofPeterHeaneyiscitedinthisarticle.（

）

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.becausetheycommonlybelieveinafateordestinythatdefinesalloutcomes.

B.whensomethingcanbedeterminedorestablished,andthereforeknownwithclarity.

C.torefertothesmallnumberofthingsinnaturethatarenottheresultofpurechance.

D.torefertooutcomesresultingfromhardrulesorlawsactinginnaturalsystems.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.thereisaslightpossibilitythatitistheproductofchance.

B.thereisvirtuallynopossibilitythatitsexistenceisrandom

C.thereisaconsiderablelikelihoodthatitcameaboutrandomly.

D.itcanonlybetheproductofpurenecessityoperatinginthatsystem

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.predatelifeandexistwhollyindependentlyofit.

B.aredependentonlifeformostoftheirpresentvarietyonEarth.

C.cannotyetbehistoricallycorrelatedwiththeevolutionoflife,atleastonEarth

D.willdisplayvarietyasgreataswhatweseeonEarthonplanetseverywhere

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.becausehehasnoapparentreasonotherthanthepersuasivenessofthescientificevidenceitselftosupportHazen’sviews.

B.becauseheisanexpertonminerals,andthusmorequalifiedthanotherscientistscitedinthearticletoevaluateHazen’sconclusions.

C.becauseheisaprofessoratauniversitywellknownforthehighqualityofitsresearchstaffintheearthsciences.

D.becauseheisanauthorityonstatisticaloutliersingeologicalfielddata.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:A

【解析】1.詞義題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞deterministic定位至第十五段:MineralsonEarthmayindeedhavebeenguidedbydeterministicrulesthatcouldapplytootherworldsaswell(地球上的礦物質(zhì)有可能由確定性的規(guī)則來引導(dǎo)，而這些規(guī)則也可以運(yùn)用到其它地方去)?？芍颂幍膁eterministic與rules（規(guī)則）有關(guān),因此推測(cè)C項(xiàng)正確:指在自然系統(tǒng)內(nèi)嚴(yán)格遵守的規(guī)則和規(guī)律。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞ChrisMcKay定位至第二十段:Thepresenceofsomanyextremeraritiessuggeststhatrandomnessdoesplayarole(如此多的極端少數(shù)事件的存在意味著隨機(jī)性確實(shí)發(fā)揮了作用)。由此可知在一個(gè)大而復(fù)雜的自然系統(tǒng)內(nèi)只出現(xiàn)了一兩次，說明其很大可能是隨機(jī)偶然出現(xiàn)，選C。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干定位至第十七段:Theteamconcludedthatabouttwo-thirdsofearth’smineralswouldnothaveemergeduntillifewaspresent(研究小組得出結(jié)論,地球上大約三分之二的礦物質(zhì)是人類存在后才出現(xiàn)的)。所以選B:依靠地球上存在的大部分多元化的生命體。

4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞PeterHeaney定位至第十九段:“WhatisimportantisthatHazenismakingusthinkaboutmineraldiversificationinanewway,”saidHeaney(Heaney說:“重要的是，Hazen讓我們以一種新的方式思考礦物質(zhì)的多樣化”)。所以此處引用PeterHeaney的話是為了給Hazen提供論點(diǎn)支撐。因此A項(xiàng)“因?yàn)槌丝茖W(xué)證據(jù)本身的說服力之外,他沒有明顯的理由支持Hazen的觀點(diǎn)”正確。

3.單選題

Facebookandmobilephonesmeanthatmanyfeeltheycanneverhavetimeofffromplaygroundgossip.Parentstoldmehowtheirdaughtersworriedabouttheirbodyimagefromasyounganageasseven.Forparentsofmygeneration,contemplatinghowourchildrenarefearing,andwhetherwearegivingthemwhattheytrulyneed,isnotaneasythingtodo.Ihavetwosonsagedsevenandfour,myhusbandandIbothworkfull-time.Thereistheinevitablepushandpulloftimetables,anxietyabouthavingenoughtimewiththeboys,andparticularlyaboutwhetherwe'reequippingthemtocopewiththeacademicandsocialpressuresthatlieahead.

Whenwepolledmorethan1,000parentswhousethewebsiteMumsnet,theresultsrevealedwidespreadconcernamongparentsaboutpressureschildrenfacetoday.Twothirds(64percent)saidthereistoomuchtestinginschools,78percentsaidchildrendon'tgettoplayoutdoorsenoughontheirown,andthreequarters(75percent)feltthatlongworkinghoursmadeitdifficulttospendenoughtimewiththeirfamily.Thestatisticsalsopointtoadramaticriseinthelevelofchildhooddepressionoverthecourseofageneration.

Threeyearsago,Britainrankedbottomoutof21countriesinaUNsurveyofchildren'swellbeingintheworld.Oneinfouroftheparentswequestionedsaidtheybelievedtheirkidsarelesshappythantheywereatthesameage.Aworryingconsequenceofallofthisisthedramaticriseinmentalhealthproblemsintheyoung,upbyashocking70percentsincethe1970s.Oneintenofourteenagechildrennowhasadiagnosablementalhealthcondition.

ImetAnnabelleDavies,a19-year-oldwhohadbeenanoutgoing,academicallygiftedyoungschoolgirl.Aftershemissedafewweeksofschoolaged15duetoavirus,shefellbehindwithherschoolwork,andfoundshecouldnolongercope.Thedepressionthatsetinwaspunctuatedbysuicideattemptsandperiodsinacutepsychiatricunits.Atherlowestpoints,herexhaustedparentscouldn'triskleavingheralone.Annabellehassufferedseveredepressionfornearlyfiveyears,isnowpainfullythinandexistsonheavymedication.Wesatandchattedonhermum’ssofa,‘Ifeltpressuredtobedoingwellinmyexams,togetgoodgrades,togoontouniversity-andwasscaredIwasgoingtoletpeopledown,thatIwasgoingtofail.Ifeltphysicallysick.Icouldn'tstopcrying.IfeltthatwhateverIdidwouldn'tbeenough.Andyouhateyourselfbecauseyou'reweak”

OneoftheexpertsIspoketo,TimGill,achildhoodplayconsultant,believesthatcontemporarypressures,combinedwiththewaywenowraiseandeducateourchildren,isleavingmanyunabletocope.Forhim,it’stimetogobacktobasics-freedomtoplay,toexploreandtomakemistakes:"Ithinkbacktomyownchildhood,whenmygenerationroamedfarandwide.Buttoday'schildrenarenotfree-ranged-they'rebattery-reared."

Happily,therearesignsthatsomeparents,schoolsandevenpoliticiansarenowstartingtowiseup.

1.Itcanbeinferredfromtheauthor’sfamilythat（

）.

2.Howmanyparentshavelimitedtimewiththeirchildrenaccordingtothepoll?

3.Accordingtothepassage,TimGillholdstheideathat

（

）.

4.Howdoestheauthorthinkaboutthechildhooddepressionbynow?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.sonscausemuchpressuretoparentsthandaughters

B.oneoftheparentsshouldleaveworkfortheirchild

C.socialpressureisgoodforchildren’sfuturedevelopment

D.it’shardtomakechildrenequippedtovariouspressures

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Two-thirds.

B.Seventy-eightpercent.

C.Threequarters.

D.Morethanonethousand.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.peopleshouldeducatetheirchildrenbythemselves

B.socialpressureisgoodforchildrentobecomemature

C.today'schildrenbearmorestudyburdenthanbefore

D.childrenneedmorestimulusfromschoolsandsociety

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.It’soptimistictoseesomechangesonthisproblem.

B.Sheistotallydepressedbythepolitician'sefforts.

C.Mostschoolsbegintodoabetterjobthanbefore.

D.Itsreflectionoftheparents’childhoodfailure.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:A

【解析】1.根據(jù)文章第一段最后一句‘Thereistheinevitablepushandpulloftimetables,anxietyabouthavingenoughtimewiththeboys,andparticularlyaboutwhetherwe'reequippingthemtocopewiththeacademicandsocialpressuresthatlieahead.時(shí)間安排不可避免地會(huì)帶來壓力，孩子們會(huì)因?yàn)橛凶銐虻臅r(shí)間而焦慮，尤其是我們是否準(zhǔn)備好讓他們應(yīng)付未來的學(xué)業(yè)和社會(huì)壓力?！_定D選項(xiàng)‘要使孩子們適應(yīng)各種壓力是很困難的’符合題意。

2.根據(jù)文章第二段第二句話‘threequarters(75percent)feltthatlongworkinghoursmadeitdifficulttospendenoughtimewiththeirfamily.四分之三(75%)的人認(rèn)為長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的工作讓他們很難有足夠的時(shí)間和家人在一起?！_定C選項(xiàng)‘四分之三’符合題意。

3.根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段確定TimGill的觀點(diǎn)是當(dāng)今的孩子們的壓力比之前的大得多，所以C選項(xiàng)符合題意，正確。

4.根據(jù)文章最后一句‘Happily,therearesignsthatsomeparents,schoolsandevenpoliticiansarenowstartingtowiseup.高興地是，已經(jīng)有兆頭顯示有一些父母和學(xué)校甚至政治家已經(jīng)意識(shí)到這個(gè)問題‘確定A選項(xiàng)‘在這個(gè)問題上看到一些變化是樂觀的’正確。

4.單選題

Eventoday,whenairandroadtravelhasmadeAfricasoreadilyaccessibletoEuropeansandAmericans,thereareinnumerableaspectsofAfricanlifewhichtendtotakeonebysurprise.Theunfamiliarlieshiddeneverywhere,andthepresenceofWesterncultureseemsmerelytoemphasizethisunfamiliarity.Basically,theessenceofourreac?tiontothestrange,theunfamiliar,isasenseoffear.Everycountrycontainslandscapesthatarouseunease—whetheritbesomeremoteAlpinevalley,thewildlavenderfieldsofUpperProvince,oralonelyNorwegianfjordattwilight.ButinmyownexperienceWestAfricacontainsmoreweirdandeerieregions—rain-forest,mangroveswamp,parchedplainsofredearth—thananyotherplacethatIhaveseen.Itisnotonlyintheforeignerthattheselandscapesevokefear.AlargepartofalloldAfricanreligionsisdevotedtosoothingtheunknownandtheunseen—evilspiritswhichliveinaparticulartreeoraparticularrock,athousandvarietiesofghostsandwitches,theever-presentspiritsofdeadancestorsorrelatives.IhavemyselfbeenkeptawakeatnightinCalabarbyafriendfromLagoswhowascon?vincedthatthewitchesoftheeastwereouttogethim,orthathewasabouttobekidnappedandeaten.DuringfourandahalfhoursinacanoealongthecreeksoftheNigerdella,glidingoverthestillandcolorlesswaterbeneathanequallystillandcolorlessbutburningsky,I,too,haveexperiencedasenseoffear,oratleastasenseofawe.Ex?ceptforthetickingofthelittleoutboardenginethesilencewascomplete.Oneitherhandstretchedthesilver-whiteswampsofmangrove,seeming,withtheirawkwardexposedroots,tobestandingknee-deepinthewater.Wherethecreeknarrowedyoucouldpeerdeepintothesethicketsofmangroves—vistassecret,interminableandsomehowmeaningless.Therewasnosignoflifeexceptfortheshrillscreechofsomeunseenbird.

IwasonmywaytotheancientslavingportofBonny,whichwereachedinlateafternoon.Scramblingupsomederelictstonesteps(slitherywithslimeandwhichhadmanagedtodetachthemselvesfromthelanding-stagesothatyouhadtojumpatwo-footgaptoreachwetland),1foundmyselfinanareaofblackmudandtumbledblocksofstone.

1.TherearefeaturesofWesternculturewhicharepresentinWestAfrica（）.

2.AlotoftheoldAfricanreligionhastodowith（）

3.Theauthorwaskeptawakeby（）.

4.“Mangrove”means（）

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ThisfactmakesiteasiertoaccepttheunfamiliarityofWestAfrica,

B.ThisfactmakesWestAfricaseemevenstranger.

C.ThisfactmakesnodifferencetoourreactiontoWestAfrica.

D.Thisfacthasbeengreatlyoveremphasized.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.kidnappingpeople

B.keepingthespiritsawake

C.humansacrifice

D.keepingthespiritshappy

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.aghost

B.hisfriend

C.thewitches

D.eeriefeelings

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.asortofbird

B.asortofman

C.asortoftree

D.asortofanimal

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:C

【解析】1.根據(jù)文章第一段第二句，“thepresenceofWesterncultureseemsmerelytoemphasizethisunfamiliarity”，推斷出西非文化似乎表現(xiàn)出得更加陌生，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

2.根據(jù)文章第一段第七句，“tosoothingtheunknownandtheunseen—evilspirits”，可推斷一些宗教是為了撫慰那些未知的死去的靈魂。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

3.根據(jù)文章第一段，“IhavemyselfbeenkeptawakeatnightinCalabarbyafriendfromLagos”，可推斷我是因?yàn)榕笥讯荒苋胨?。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

4.根據(jù)文章第一段，“withtheirawkwardexposedroots,tobestandingknee-deepinthewater.”句意：它們的根暴露出來，站立在齊膝深的水中?？赏茢喑鰉angrove應(yīng)該是一種樹，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

5.單選題

Unlikethelibertarians,hedoesnotbelievethestateisasecond-orderphenomenon,amereenablerorprotectorofwhatpeoplechoosetodoincivilsocietyor,alternatively,asaboteuroftheirfreedoms.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.attributor

B.distracter

C.destroyer

D.precursor

【答案】C

【解析】與自由主義者不同，他不認(rèn)為國家是一種二階現(xiàn)象，僅僅是公民社會(huì)中人們選擇做什么的推動(dòng)者或保護(hù)者，或者是他們自由的破壞者。由“…or,alternatively”可知前后是截然相反的兩種角色，前者是enabler和protector，則saboteur與之是相對(duì)立的。A選項(xiàng)attributor“屬性；特質(zhì)”；B選項(xiàng)distracter“誤選項(xiàng)；干擾項(xiàng)”；C選項(xiàng)destroyer“破壞者”；D選項(xiàng)precursor“先驅(qū)，前導(dǎo)”。比較選項(xiàng)可知C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

6.單選題

MaryandJohnarebusylookingforahotelfortheirwedding（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.meal

B.banquet

C.refreshment

D.snack

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)meal“一頓飯”；B選項(xiàng)banquet“宴會(huì)，盛宴”；C選項(xiàng)refreshment“飲料，小食”；D選項(xiàng)snack“點(diǎn)心，小吃”。句意：瑪麗和約翰正忙著為他們的婚宴找一家酒店。根據(jù)“wedding”可知這里應(yīng)該選用一個(gè)比較正式的詞，故選B項(xiàng)，表示“婚宴”。

7.單選題

Infact,thecountryhasexhibitedconsiderableflexibility,relaxingitspositiononmany_______issues,

includingagriculturalsubsidies.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.surpassing

B.commodious

C.contentious

D.judicable

【答案】C

【解析】surpassing勝過的,優(yōu)秀的;commodious寬敞的,方便的;contentious有爭(zhēng)議的,訴訟的;judicable應(yīng)受審判的。句意：事實(shí)上,該國表現(xiàn)出相當(dāng)大的靈活性,在包括農(nóng)業(yè)補(bǔ)貼在內(nèi)的許多有爭(zhēng)議的問題上放松了立場(chǎng)。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

8.單選題

Inthemid-nineteenth,theUnitedStateshadtremendousnaturalresourcesthatcouldbeexploitedinordertodevelopheavyindustry.Mostoftherawmaterialsthatarevaluableinthemanufactureofmachinery,transportationfacilities,andconsumergoodslayreadytobeworkedintowealth.Iron,coal,andoilthebasicingredientsofindustrialgrowth—wereplentifulandneededonlytheapplicationoftechnicalexpertise,organizationalskill,andlabor.

Onecrucialdevelopmentinthismovementtowardindustrializationwasthegrowthoftherailroads.TherailwaynetworkexpandedrapidlyuntiltherailroadmapoftheUnitedStateslookedlikeaspider’sweb,withthesteelfilamentsconnectingallimportantsourcesofrawmaterials,theirplacesofmanufacture,andtheircentersofdistribution.Therailroadscontributedtotheindustrialgrowthnotonlybyconnectingthesemajorcenters,butalsobythemselvesconsumingenormousamountsoffuel,iron,andcoal.

Manyfactorsinfluencedtheemergingmodesofproduction.Forexample,machinetools,thetoolsusedtomakegoods,weresteadilyimprovedinthelatterpartofthenineteenthcentury—alwayswithaneyetospeedierproductionandlowerunitcosts.Theproductsofthefactorieswererapidlyabsorbedbythegrowingcitiesthatshelteredtheworkersandthedistributors.Theincreasedurbanpopulationwasnourishedbytheincreasedfarmproductionthatinturn,wasmademoreproductivebytheuseofthenewfarmmachinery.AmericanagriculturalproductionkeptupwiththeurbandemandandstillhadsurplusesforsaletotheindustrialcentersofEurope.

ThelaborthatranthefactoriesandbuilttherailwayswasrecruitedinpartfromAmericanfarmareaswherepeoplewerebeingdisplacedbyfarmmachinery,inpartfromAsia,andinpartfromEurope.EuropenowbegantosendtidesofimmigrantsfromeasternandsouthernEurope—mostofwhomwereoriginallypoorfarmersbutwhosettledinAmericanindustrialcities.ThemoneytofinancethistremendousexpansionoftheAmericaneconomystillcamefromEuropeanfinanciersforthemostpart,buttheAmericanswereapproachingthedaywhentheirexpansioncouldbefinancedintheirown“moneymarket”.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Whydoestheauthormention“aspider’sweb”(Para.2)?

3.Accordingtothepassage,whowerethebiggestconsumersofmanufacturedproducts?

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofUnitedStatesfarmersinthenineteenthcentury?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ThehistoryofrailroadsintheUnitedStates.

B.ThemajorUnitedStatesindustrialcenters.

C.FactorsthataffectedindustrializationintheUnitedStates.

D.Theroleofagricultureinthenineteenthcentury.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Toemphasizetherailroad'sconsumptionofoilandcoal.

B.Todescribethecomplexstructureoftherailwaysystem.

C.Toexplaintheproblemsbroughtonbyrailwayexpansion.

D.Todescribethedifficultiesinvolvedinthedistributionofrawmaterials.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Railwayworkers.

B.Farmers.

C.Europeans.

D.Citydwellers.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theylostsomejobsbecauseofmechanization.

B.Theyraisedtheirproductivitybyusingnewmachinery.

C.TheysoldfoodtoEuropeancountries.

D.Theywereunabletoproducesufficientfoodforurbanareas.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:D

【解析】第1題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?文章主要討論了什么？

A.ThehistoryofrailroadsintheUnitedStates.A.美國鐵路的歷史。

B.ThemajorUnitedStatesindustrialcenters.B.美國主要的工業(yè)中心。

C.FactorsthataffectedindustrializationintheUnitedStates.C.影響美國工業(yè)化的因素。

D.Theroleofagricultureinthenineteenthcentury.D.19世紀(jì)農(nóng)業(yè)的作用。

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】主旨大意題。

【解題思路】第一段講了美國用以發(fā)展重工業(yè)的自然資源非常豐富（tremendousnaturalresourcesthatcouldbeexploitedinordertodevelopheavyindustry），第二段講到鐵路對(duì)工業(yè)化的重要發(fā)展作用（movementtowardindustrializationwasthegrowthoftherailroads），第三段講到工業(yè)化期間出現(xiàn)了新的工業(yè)生產(chǎn)方式（emergingmodesofproduction），第四段講到美國工業(yè)化期間的勞動(dòng)力（Thelaborthatranthefactoriesandbuilttherailways）和資金來源（Themoneytofinancethistremendousexpansion）。綜上所述，本文以工業(yè)化為中心，闡述了影響工業(yè)化發(fā)展的因素，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“美國鐵路的歷史”和D選項(xiàng)“19世紀(jì)農(nóng)業(yè)的作用”：是文章的部分內(nèi)容，不足以概括全文，屬于以偏概全；

B選項(xiàng)“美國主要的工業(yè)中心”：文中沒有提到具體的工業(yè)中心，屬于無中生有。

第2題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Whydoestheauthormention“aspider’sweb”(Para.2)?作者為什么提到“蜘蛛網(wǎng)”（第二段）？

A.Toemphasizetherailroad'sconsumptionofoilandcoal.A.強(qiáng)調(diào)鐵路對(duì)石油和煤炭的消耗。

B.Todescribethecomplexstructureoftherailwaysystem.B.描述鐵路系統(tǒng)的復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)。

C.Toexplaintheproblemsbroughtonbyrailwayexpansion.C.解釋鐵路擴(kuò)張帶來的問題。

D.Todescribethedifficultiesinvolvedinthedistributionofrawmaterials.D.描述原材料分配的困難。

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干中出處提示詞Para.2和信息詞aspider’sweb定位到第二段第二句，該處講到“鐵路網(wǎng)迅速擴(kuò)張（railwaynetworkexpanded），直到（until）美國的鐵路地圖看起來像一張蜘蛛網(wǎng)，鐵路網(wǎng)連接著（connecting）所有重要的原材料來源地、它們的制造地點(diǎn)和配送中心?！保芍@里的蜘蛛網(wǎng)形容鐵路網(wǎng)，鐵路網(wǎng)錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜，連接著各個(gè)地點(diǎn)，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“強(qiáng)調(diào)鐵路對(duì)石油和煤炭的消耗”：對(duì)應(yīng)第二段最后一句“鐵路對(duì)工業(yè)的發(fā)展做出了貢獻(xiàn)（contributedtotheindustrialgrowth），不僅（notonly）因?yàn)樗B接了這些主要的中心，而且（butalso）因?yàn)樗旧硪蚕牧舜罅康娜剂?、鐵和煤?！保@里表達(dá)的是鐵路對(duì)工業(yè)發(fā)展的貢獻(xiàn)，而非被稱為蜘蛛網(wǎng)的原因，屬于偷換概念；

C選項(xiàng)“解釋鐵路擴(kuò)張帶來的問題”和D選項(xiàng)“描述原材料分配的困難”：文中沒有提到，屬于無中生有。

第3題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Accordingtothepassage,whowerethebiggestconsumersofmanufacturedproducts?根據(jù)文章，誰是工業(yè)產(chǎn)品的最大消費(fèi)者？

A.Railwayworkers.A.鐵路工人。

B.Farmers.B.農(nóng)民。

C.Europeans.C.歐洲人。

D.Citydwellers.D.城市居民。

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干中信息詞manufacturedproducts定位到第三段第三句，該處講到“工廠生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品（Theproductsofthefactories）迅速被不斷發(fā)展的城市所接收（growingcities），工人和商人以此謀生?！保芍M(fèi)工業(yè)產(chǎn)品最多的是城市居民，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“鐵路工人”：對(duì)應(yīng)第四段第一句“修建鐵路（builttherailways）的勞動(dòng)力（labor）部分來自美國的農(nóng)場(chǎng)地區(qū)”，這里是說鐵路工人原本是農(nóng)民，而不是說鐵路工人消費(fèi)工業(yè)產(chǎn)品，屬于偷換概念；

B選項(xiàng)“農(nóng)民”：農(nóng)民是農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)者，而不是消費(fèi)者，屬于張冠李戴；

C選項(xiàng)“歐洲人”：對(duì)應(yīng)第三段最后一句“美國的農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)滿足了城市的需求（keptupwiththeurbandemand），但仍有剩余的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品（surpluses）銷往歐洲的工業(yè)中心（saletotheindustrialcentersofEurope）?！?，可知銷往歐洲工業(yè)中心的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品是小部分，而不是大部分，屬于偷換概念。

第4題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofUnitedStatesfarmersinthenineteenthcentury?關(guān)于19世紀(jì)的美國農(nóng)民，下列哪項(xiàng)不正確？

A.Theylostsomejobsbecauseofmechanization.A.由于機(jī)械化，他們有的人丟了工作。

B.Theyraisedtheirproductivitybyusingnewmachinery.B.他們通過使用新機(jī)器提高了生產(chǎn)力。

C.TheysoldfoodtoEuropeancountries.C.他們把食物賣給歐洲國家。

D.Theywereunabletoproducesufficientfoodforurbanareas.D.他們無法為城市地區(qū)生產(chǎn)足夠的食物。

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】此題定位到第三段最后一句，該處講到“美國的農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)滿足了城市的需求（keptupwiththeurbandemand），仍有剩余的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品銷往歐洲的工業(yè)中心?！?，可知他們?yōu)槌鞘刑峁┝俗銐虻氖澄铮€有剩余的可以用來出口，和文章內(nèi)容不符，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“由于機(jī)械化，他們有的人丟了工作”：對(duì)應(yīng)第四段第一句“美國農(nóng)場(chǎng)地區(qū)的人被農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械取代（Americanfarmareaswherepeoplewerebeingdisplacedbyfarmmachinery）”，機(jī)器代替人做農(nóng)活，做農(nóng)活的人由此失業(yè)，符合文章內(nèi)容，屬于反向干擾；

B選項(xiàng)“他們通過使用新機(jī)器提高了生產(chǎn)力”：對(duì)應(yīng)第三段倒數(shù)第二句“農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)又被新的農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械的使用所提高（moreproductivebytheuseofthenewfarmmachinery）”，可知本選項(xiàng)符合文章內(nèi)容，屬于反向干擾；

C選項(xiàng)“他們把食物賣給歐洲國家”：對(duì)應(yīng)第三段最后一句“仍有剩余的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品銷往歐洲的工業(yè)中心（saletoth