考研考博-英語-昆明衛(wèi)生職業(yè)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-昆明衛(wèi)生職業(yè)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

PeoplewillinsistthatwatchingTV（）children’simaginations.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.blunders

B.blunts

C.blushes

D.blends

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)blunders“犯大錯(cuò)；誤入某地”；B選項(xiàng)blunts“減弱；使遲鈍”；C選項(xiàng)blushes“臉紅；感到羞愧”；D選項(xiàng)blends“使混合；使交融”。句意：人們會(huì)堅(jiān)持說看電視……了兒童的想象力。前因是watchingTV“看電視”；后果是阻礙了children’simaginations“兒童的想象力”。在所有選項(xiàng)中只有blunt有減弱，使遲鈍的意思。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.單選題

Wecan’tunderstandUncleGeorge,forhealways（

）whateverhesays.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.masters

B.mumbles

C.molests

D.muzzles

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。master“控制；精通；征服”；mumble“含糊地說”；molest“騷擾，調(diào)戲；干擾”；muzzle“使······緘默”。句意：我們不能理解喬治叔叔說了什么，因?yàn)樗偸呛卣f。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

3.單選題

（）beforewedepartthedayaftertomorrow,weshouldhaveawonderfuldinnerparty.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Hadtheyarrived

B.Wouldtheyarrive

C.Weretheyarriving

D.Weretheytoarrive

【答案】D

【解析】句意:如果他們能夠在我們后天出發(fā)之前趕到，我們就能晚上一起聚餐了。

語法題?？疾樘摂M語氣。主句部分為shouldhaveawonderfuldinnerparty，因此這里為與將來事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣。故從句部分應(yīng)該是Iftheyweretoarrive。從句部分可以省略if，把should/were提前，構(gòu)成省略倒裝。故選D。

4.單選題

Itwasverydifficulttofindthepartsneededtodothejobbecauseofthe（）waythestorewasorganized.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.logical

B.haphazard

C.orderly

D.tidy

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。logical“有邏輯的”；haphazard“偶然的；隨意的”；orderly“有秩序的”；tidy“整潔的”。句意：找到這個(gè)工作所需要的零件很難，因?yàn)樯痰陻[放的方式很隨意。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

5.單選題

Youwillhavetoworkhardto（

）

thetimeyoulost.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.makeuseof

B.makeupfor

C.makewayof

D.makeroomfor

【答案】B

【解析】makeuseof利用；makeupfor彌補(bǔ),補(bǔ)償；makewayfor讓路,為...開路；makeroomfor為...騰出空位。句意:你必須努力工作來彌補(bǔ)你失去的時(shí)間。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

6.單選題

Thenewspaper（）thedetailsoftheaccidentinashorttime.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.disclosed

B.exhibited

C.exposed

D.discovered

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)disclose“公開；披露”；B選項(xiàng)exhibit“展覽；顯示；提出（證據(jù)等）”；C選項(xiàng)expose“揭露（多指揭露丑聞，壞人壞事或各種陰謀）；使曝光；顯示”；D選項(xiàng)discover“發(fā)現(xiàn)；發(fā)覺”。句意：這份報(bào)紙不久就披露了這起事故的細(xì)節(jié)。結(jié)合此處語境，A選項(xiàng)正確。

7.翻譯題

Thereisnothingworsethansomeonewhoisalwayslate.Latenesscanbeacharmingeccentricity—foralittlewhile.ThetroubleisthatMr.orMrs.Unpunctualsoonstartscausinginconveniencetootherpeople.That’swhenthecheerfulacceptancegiveswaytoscornandresentment.

It’ssurprisinghowfartheunpunctualpersonwillgotoinconvenienceothers.(1)Forexample,afteracceptingtheofferofalifttoworkthefollowingmorning,heorshewillfailtoturnupatthepick-upspotattheagreedtime.There’ssuretobeaconvincingreason:lostdoorkeys,achildwithwhoopingcough,acatstuckupanappletree...

Thegiveroftheliftmakessurehe’snotlate.He’smadetheofferandnowhefeelsresponsibleforit;comewhatmaybemustkeephisword.Ontheotherhand,thepersonwho’sreceivingthefavorfeelsfreetoturnup10,15or30minutesafterthetimewhichhadbeenagreedon.Forhimorhertheyareminutesofhurriedactivityearningtherighttochauffeur-drivenluxury;forthedriver—thevictim—theyareminutesofsheerfrustration,boredomandwastedtime.

What’stheresultofthiseasy-goingattitude?(2)Well,maybethepersonwhoofferedtheliftgivesuptheseeminglyendlesswaitanddisappears,inwhichcasethelatecomerstrugglestocompletehisday’sschedulelaterthanever.Whereverhegoesheblamestheliftfor“l(fā)ettinghimdown”.

There’sanotherequallylikelyresult.(3)Inthisversionofthestory,thegiveroftheliftwaitsinloyalfrustrationatthesideoftheroadforaslongashisthoughtlesspassengertakestoreachthespot.Notonlyarebothofthemlateforwork,butthepassengertellshiscolleaguesaboutthedriver’simpatienceintrafficqueues!

Sowhat’stheanswer?Perhapsthereshouldbeasubtlechangeinhowweviewtime.Atthemomentwethinkofitasaveryelasticcommodity;wemakevaguearrangementstomeetataboutacertaintime,andnoonehasaclearideaastojusthowfarthattimewillstretch.Will“aboutteno’clock”stretchtoaquarterpastten—orwillitstretchtohalfpastten?Therearenofixedrules.

【答案】1.例如，在接受了第二天早上搭便車去上班的提議后，他或她將不在約定的時(shí)間內(nèi)出現(xiàn)在上車地點(diǎn)。

2.好吧，也許那個(gè)提供便車的人放棄了看似無止境的等待，然后開車走了，在這種情況下，遲到的人會(huì)比以往更晚地完成他的日程安排。

3.在這個(gè)版本的故事中，只要這位粗心的乘客到達(dá)目的地，提供便車的人就會(huì)在路邊失望地等待。

8.單選題

IntheITindustry,somethinkofBillGatesasamonsterwhileothers______himasalivinggod.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.extricate

B.disparage

C.emulate

D.revere

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)extricate“使解脫，解救”，B項(xiàng)disparage“貶低，抨擊，詆毀”，C項(xiàng)emulate“仿真，模仿，盡力趕上”，D項(xiàng)revere“敬畏，尊敬，崇敬”。由while“然而”和asamonster“一個(gè)怪物”以及asalivinggod“活著的神”可知，前后語義是相反的，那么空格處填入“尊敬”符合句意。句意：在IT行業(yè)，一些人認(rèn)為比爾?蓋茨是一個(gè)怪物，而另一些人則把他尊為活著的神。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Ingeneral,oursocietyisbecomingoneofgiantenterprisesdirectedbyabureaucratic（官僚主義的）managementinwhichmanbecomesasmall,well-oiledcoginthemachinery.Theoilingisdonewithhigherwages,well-ventilatedfactoriesandpipedmusic,andbypsychologistsand"human-relations"experts;yetallthisoilingdoesnotalterthefactthatmanhasbecomepowerless,thatheisboredwithit.Infact,theblueandthewhite-collarworkershavebecomeeconomicpuppetswhodancetothetuneofautomatedmachinesandbureaucraticmanagement.

Theworkerandemployeeareanxious,notonlybecausetheymightfindthemselvesoutofajob;theyareanxiousalsobecausetheyareunabletoacquireanyrealsatisfactionorinterestinlife-Theyliveanddiewithouteverhavingconfrontedthefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistenceasemotionallyandintellectuallyindependentandproductivehumanbeings.

Thosehigheruponthesocialladderarenolessanxious.Theirlivesarenolessemptythanthoseoftheirsubordinates.Theyareevenmoreinsecureinsomerespects.Theyareinahighlycompetitiverace.Tobepromotedortofallbehindisnotamatterofsalaiybutevenmoreamatterofself-respect.Whentheyapplyfortheirfirstjob,theyaretestedforintelligenceaswellasfortherightmixtureofsubniissivenessandindependence.Fromthemomentontheyarctestedagainandagainbythepsychologists,forwhomtestingisabigbusiness,andbytheirsuperiors,whojudgetheirbehavior,sociability,capacitytogetalong,etc.Thisconstantneedtoprovethatoneisasgoodasorbetterthanone'sfellow-competitorcreatesconstantanxietyandstress,theverycausesofunhappinessandillness.

AmIsuggestingthatweshouldreturntothepreindustrialmodeofproductionortonineteenth-century"freeenterprise"capitalism?Certainlynot.Problemsareneversolvedbyreturningtoastagewhichonehasalreadyoutgrown.Isuggesttransformingoursocialsystemfromabureaucraticallymanagedindustrialisminwhichmaximalproductionandconsumptionareendsinthemselvesintoahumanistindustrialisminwhichmanandfulldevelopmentofhispotentialities―thoseofallloveandofreason―aretheaimsofsocialarrangements.Productionandconsumptionshouldserveonlyasmeanstothisend,andshouldbepreventedfromrulingman.

1.By"awell-oiledcoginthemachinery"theauthorintendstodelivertheideathatmanis（）.

2.Therealcauseoftheanxietyoftheworkersandemployeesisthat（）.

3.Fromthepassagewecanconcludethatrealhappinessoflifebelongstothose（）.

4.Tosolvethepresentsocialproblemstheauthorputsforwardasuggestionthatweshould（）.

5.Theauthor'sattitudetowardsindustrialismmightbestbesummarizedasoneof（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.anecessarypartofthesocietythougheachindividual'sfunctionisnegligible

B.workingincompleteharmonywiththerestofthesociety

C.anunimportantpartincomparisonwiththerestofthesociety

D.ahumblecomponentofthesociety,especiallywhenworkingsmoothly

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.theyarelikelytolosetheirjobs

B.theyhavenogenuinesatisfactionorinterestinlife

C.theyarefacedwiththefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistence

D.theyaredeprivedoftheirindividualityandindependence

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.whocouldkeepfarawayfromthiscompetitiveworld

B.whoarehigherupintheirsocialstatus

C.whoprovebetterthantheirfellow-competitors

D.whoareatthebottomofthesociety

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.resorttotheproductionmodeofourancestors

B.offerhigherwagestotheworkersandemployees

C.enablemantofullydevelophispotentialities

D.takethefundamentalrealitiesforgranted

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.approval

B.dissatisfaction

C.suspicion

D.susceptibility

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第一段“...yetallthisoilingdoesnotalterthefactthatmanhasbecomepowerless...”,由此推斷,作者將人比喻成機(jī)械中運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)良好的齒輪,實(shí)則是想表明人們相對(duì)于社會(huì)中其他部分來說已經(jīng)變得不那么重要了。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第二段的內(nèi)容可知,工人和雇員們焦慮不僅是因?yàn)樗麄兛赡苊媾R著失業(yè),他們焦慮也因?yàn)樗麄儾荒塬@得任何有趣的生活和真正的滿足,但是真正的原因還是第二段的最后一句“Theyliveanddiewithouteverhavingconfrontedthefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistenceasemotionallyandintellectuallyindependentandproductivehumanbeings.”,選項(xiàng)D他們被剝奪了個(gè)性和獨(dú)立性,符合原文,所以選D。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)原文以及題干可知,作者認(rèn)為這些人之所以焦慮是因?yàn)樘幱谝粋€(gè)競爭激烈的社會(huì)之中,只有遠(yuǎn)離了競爭激烈的社會(huì),才會(huì)有真正幸福的生活。所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)最后一段第三句“Isuggesttransformingoursocialsystemform,...,intoahumanistindustrialisminwhichmanandfulldevelopmentofhispotentialities-thoseofallloveandofreason-aretheaimsofsocialarrangements.我建議改變我們的社會(huì)制度形式，……在這種社會(huì)安排中，人及其全部的愛和理性的潛能的充分發(fā)展是社會(huì)安排的目的?！庇纱丝芍?，作者提出了充分發(fā)揮人的潛能的建議來解決當(dāng)前的社會(huì)問題，選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

5.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知,作者認(rèn)為現(xiàn)在的工業(yè)主義使人喪失了其在社會(huì)中應(yīng)發(fā)揮的重要作用,最后一段提到了作者建議將工業(yè)主義轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橐环N以人為本的工業(yè)主義,所以作者對(duì)待工業(yè)主義的態(tài)度是不滿的。選項(xiàng)B正確。

10.單選題

Fluidintelligenceisthetypeofintelligencethatinvolvesshort-termmemoryandtheabilitytothinkquickly,logically,andabstractlyinordertosolvenewproblem.It（1）inyoungadulthood(betweentheagesof20and30),levelsoutforaperiodoftime,andthen（2）startstoslowlydeclineasweage.But（3）agingisinevitable,scientistsarefindingoutthatcertainchangesinbrainfunctionmaynotbe.

Onestudyfoundthatmusclelossandthe（4）ofbodyfataroundtheabdomen,whichoftenbegininmiddleageandcontinueintoadvancedage,areassociatedwithadeclineinfluidintelligence.Thissuggeststhe

（5）

thatlifestylefactors,suchasthetypeofdietyoufollowandthetypeandamountofexerciseyougetthroughouttheyearstomaintainmoreleanmuscle,mighthelppreventor（6）thistypeofdecline.

Theresearcherslookedatdatathat（7）measurementsofleanmuscle,abdominalfatandsubcutaneousfat(thetypeoffatyoucanseeandgrabholdof)frommorethan4,000middle-to-older-agedmenandwomenand（8）thatdatatoreportedchangesinfluidintelligenceoverasix-yearperiod.Theyfoundthatmiddle-agedpeople（9）highermeasuresofabdominalfat（10）worseonmeasuresoffluidintelligenceastheyears（11）.

Forwomen,theassociationmaybe（12）tochangesinimmunitythatresultedfromexcessabdominalfat;inmen,theimmunesystemdidnotappeartobe（13）.Futurestudiescould（14）thesedifferencesandperhapsleadtodifferent（15）formenandwomen.

（16）therearestepsyoucan（17）tohelpreduceabdominalfatandmaintainleanmusclemassasyouageinordertoprotectbothyourphysicalandmental（18）.Thetwomostgenerallyrecommendedlifestyleapproachesaremaintainingorincreasingyour（19）ofaerobicexerciseandfollowingaMediterranean-style

（20）

thatishighinfiberfromwholegrains,vegetables,andotherplantfoodsandeliminateshighlyprocessedfoods.Ifyoucarryextrabellyfat,speakwithyourhealthcareprovidertodetermineaplanthatisbestforyou.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.pauses

B.return

C.peaks

D.fades

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.alternatively

B.formally

C.accidentally

D.generally

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.while

B.since

C.once

D.until

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.detection

B.accumulation

C.consumption

D.separation

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.possibility

B.decision

C.goal

D.requirement

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.delay

B.ensure

C.seek

D.utilize

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.modified

B.supported

C.included

D.predicted

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.devoted

B.compared

C.converted

D.applied

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.with

B.above

C.by

D.against

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.lived

B.managed

C.scored

D.played

問題11選項(xiàng)

A.ranout

B.setoff

C.drewin

D.wentby

問題12選項(xiàng)

A.superior

B.attributable

C.parallel

D.resistant

問題13選項(xiàng)

A.restored

B.isolated

C.involved

D.controlled

問題14選項(xiàng)

A.alter

B.spread

C.remove

D.explain

問題15選項(xiàng)

A.compensations

B.symptoms

C.demands

D.treatments

問題16選項(xiàng)

A.Likewise

B.Meanwhile

C.Therefore

D.Instead

問題17選項(xiàng)

A.change

B.watch

C.count

D.take

問題18選項(xiàng)

A.well-being

B.process

C.formation

D.coordination

問題19選項(xiàng)

A.level

B.love

C.knowledge

D.space

問題20選項(xiàng)

A.design

B.routine

C.diet

D.prescription

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:A

第6題:A

第7題:C

第8題:B

第9題:A

第10題:C

第11題:D

第12題:B

第13題:C

第14題:D

第15題:D

第16題:B

第17題:D

第18題:A

第19題:A

第20題:C

【解析】1.答案[C]peaks。上下文題，根據(jù)2空前and做判斷，隨著年紀(jì)增長會(huì)慢慢下降，說明年輕時(shí)水平較高，達(dá)到峰值。

2.答案[D]generally。年輕時(shí)水平高，隨著年紀(jì)增加慢慢下降是大部分的共性，所以通常都會(huì)這樣。

3.答案[A]while。邏輯題，本空用來連接空后兩句（年紀(jì)增長是不可避免的，科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)大腦功能的某些變化可能并非如此），可判斷兩句之間為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系（也可根據(jù)技巧一肯一否判斷）。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有while可用來表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，此空位于兩句最前面，表讓步。

4.答案[B]accumulation。上下文題，根據(jù)空前and判斷，and前說肌肉損耗，這對(duì)身體健康會(huì)產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響，后面自然也是負(fù)面影響，腹部脂肪的____，所以選accumulation，譯為累積、堆積。另外9空之后提到腹部脂肪含量較高，也可間接證明脂肪的累積。

5.答案[A]possibility。上下文題，根據(jù)空后同位語從句內(nèi)容（生活方式的因素可能會(huì)幫助我們阻礙這種下降），判斷出5空是一種推斷，所以選擇possibility，譯為可能性。

6.答案[A]delay。上下文題，根據(jù)空前or做判斷，應(yīng)選擇與prevent（阻礙）意思、形態(tài)相近的答案，所以選擇delay，譯為推遲。

7.答案[C]included。上下文題，根據(jù)前后語意，科學(xué)家們研究了數(shù)據(jù)，這些數(shù)據(jù)_____了對(duì)超過4000位中老年人的肌肉和腹部脂肪的測量。這些數(shù)據(jù)能拿來做研究，應(yīng)該是客觀的測量數(shù)據(jù)，所以包括了對(duì)他們的測量。

8.答案[B]compared。上下文題，根據(jù)空前and判斷，觀察發(fā)現(xiàn)肌肉含量和腹部脂肪含量都會(huì)影響流體智力的下降速度，所以科學(xué)家們做實(shí)驗(yàn)的目的就是為了證實(shí)這一點(diǎn)，他們把中老年人的肌肉和腹部脂肪測量的數(shù)據(jù)與六年間對(duì)于流體智力變化的報(bào)告數(shù)據(jù)相比較。

9.答案[A]with。上下文題，科學(xué)家們證實(shí)了有著較高腹部脂肪的中年人流體智力下降更快。

10.答案[C]scored。上下文題，科學(xué)家們證實(shí)了有著較高腹部脂肪的中年人流體智力下降更快，即在流體智力方面得分較低。

11.答案[D]wentby。詞組辨析題，隨著年紀(jì)增加，流體智力下降較多，即隨著時(shí)間流逝（goby），runout“耗盡”，setoff“出發(fā)、動(dòng)身”，drawin“（白晝）漸短；吸入、卷入”，都不符合語境。

12.答案[B]attributable。完形考過很多年這種行文邏輯，首段給出結(jié)論，然后做實(shí)驗(yàn)證實(shí)，最后解釋原因，所以此段開始解釋原因，女性是由于過多腹部脂肪導(dǎo)致免疫力變化而導(dǎo)致流體智力的變化。

13.答案[C]involved。上下文題，女性的變化是由于免疫力變化，而男性免疫系統(tǒng)似乎沒有涉及到。

14.答案[D]explain。希望未來研究能解釋為什么男女之間會(huì)有這種差異。

15.答案[D]treatments。畢竟導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果是流體智力下降，是較為負(fù)面的結(jié)果，因此需要解決這一問題，即給出相應(yīng)的治療方案。

16.答案[B]Meanwhile。邏輯題，上文希望找到治療方案態(tài)度為正，下文有方法可以減少腹部脂肪從而改善身心態(tài)度為正，所以為順從關(guān)系，排除instead。前后同傾向，內(nèi)容相似，判斷為并列，排除therefore。Likewise“相似的”需要前后內(nèi)容只做主語或賓語的改變，前后內(nèi)容并非如此，所以選meanwhile“與此同時(shí)”。

17.答案[D]take。takesteptodosth采取措施做某事，固定搭配。

18.答案[A]well-being，改善身心健康。

19.答案[A]level。高度推薦的生活方式是維持或增加有氧鍛煉的____,只有l(wèi)evel（水平）符合語境。

20.答案[C]diet。根據(jù)最后一個(gè)詞foods可推測為改善日常飲食。

11.單選題

Williamneverworksrapidly,healways（

）ineverythingthathedoes.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.takeshistime

B.makestime

C.keepsgoodtime

D.losestime

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)“不慌不忙”；B選項(xiàng)“抽出時(shí)間”；C選項(xiàng)“（鐘表）走的準(zhǔn)”；D選項(xiàng)“耽誤時(shí)間，失去時(shí)機(jī)”。句意：威廉做事不快，他總是（）做他的事。從前面的句子neverworksrapidly可知，這里答案選A“不慌不忙”，其他選項(xiàng)不符合邏輯。

12.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Islifetodaymoredangerousthanitusedtobe?Itcertainlyseemsthatway.LastweektheentireMetrosysteminWashingtonhadtoclosedownbecausesomeonemightbeblownontothetracksduringahurricane.ThisweekchildreninWashingtonwerenotallowedtogotoschoolforawholedaybecausestreetswereblockedbyfallentreesandpowerlines,andtrafficlightsatsomeintersectionsweren’tworking.Apreviousgenerationmighthavewalkedaroundthefallentreesandlookedbothwaysbeforecrossingthestreet,butthechildrenofthisgenerationclearlyliveinamuchmoredangerousworld,andweneedtoprotectthem.

Aftersomeseriousaircrashes,thousandsofpeopleinthiscountrysworeoffairplanesandbegandrivingcars.Infact,thenumberofdeathsonU.S.highwaysinatypicalyearismorethandoublethenumberofpeoplewhohavediedinallcommercialairplaneaccidentsinthepast40years.Bytakingtheprecautionofnotflying,manypeopledied.

Therearesomeclearpsychologicalexplanationsforsomeofthis.Itisafact,forexample,thatpeoplefearman-madedisasters(terrorism)farmorethantheyfearnaturaldisasters(hurricanes,snowstorms),evenwhenthelatteraremoredangerous.Equallyillogical,peoplearealsomoreafraidofthingstheydonotcontrol,whichiswhydrivingacardoesfeelsaferthanflyinginanairplane.Finally—althoughIhavenoproof—peoplearedisproportionatelyfrightenedbythingstheyreadaboutinthenewspaper.Bycontrast,theyaredisproportionatelywillingtodiscounttheevidenceoftheirownexperience.Ifyoulookaroundyourneighborhood,you’llnoticethatthewaterisclean—whichitwouldn’tnecessarilyhavebeen100yearsago—andthatthefoodisn’trottenorstale.Mostchildrenaren’tdyingyoung.Mostadultsaren’tdyinginmiddleage.

LifeisfarsaferandlastsmuchlongerfortheaverageAmericanthaniteverhasforjustaboutanybodyatanyothertimeinhumanhistory.Butnowthatwe’veeliminatedmostofthethingsthatthehumanraceoncefeared,we’vejustinventednewonestoreplacethem.

1.ChildreninWashingtonarenotallowedtogotoschoolforthefollowingreasonsEXCEPT________.

2.Itcanbelearnedfromthepassagethatthepreviousgeneration________.

3.Itisindicatedinthepassagethatinthepast________.

4.Theauthorbelievesthat________.

5.Thetoneoftheauthorinwritingthepassageis________.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.fallentrees

B.fallenpowerlines

C.acominghurricane

D.brokentrafficlights

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.knewbetterhowtoavoiddanger

B.livedinalessdangerousworld

C.wasbetteratprotectingthemselves

D.waslessfussyaboutdangers

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.lifewasmoreenjoyable

B.waterwaslesscleanandfresh

C.foodswereofbettertasteandquality

D.streetsweresaferforchildrentocross

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.peopleareoverreactingtodangersnowadays

B.peoplehavegoodreasonstofearthedangerstoday

C.flyingismoredangerousaftersomeseriousaircrashes

D.childrenshouldbebetterprotectedagainstdangers

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.complaining

B.depressing

C.factual

D.ironic

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“ChildreninWashington”定位到原文第一段第三句ThisweekchildreninWashingtonwerenotallowedtogotoschoolforawholedaybecausestreetswereblockedbyfallentreesandpowerlines,andtrafficlightsatsomeintersectionsweren’tworking.（這周居住在華盛頓地區(qū)的孩子一整天都不準(zhǔn)去學(xué)校，因?yàn)榈缆繁淮档沟牡臉溥€有電線桿封住了，而且一些十字路口的交通信號(hào)燈壞了），從這里可以看出孩子不準(zhǔn)去學(xué)校的原因是因?yàn)榇档沟臉浜碗娋€桿以及壞掉的燈，這里選擇的是不屬于停學(xué)的原因，所以A選項(xiàng)“倒在路邊的大樹”，B“倒在路邊的電線桿”，D“壞掉的交通信號(hào)燈”排除；而且第一段第二句話LastweektheentireMetrosysteminWashingtonhadtoclosedownbecausesomeonemightbeblownontothetracksduringahurricane.（上周華盛頓整個(gè)地鐵系統(tǒng)都不得不被關(guān)閉，因?yàn)槟承┤嗽谂_(tái)風(fēng)來襲時(shí)可能會(huì)被吹到軌道里），從這里可以看出臺(tái)風(fēng)在上周就來了，不可能到了這周還是一個(gè)將要來（coming）的狀態(tài)，所以答案是C選項(xiàng)“即將到來的龍卷風(fēng)”。

第2題:推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“previousgeneration”定位到文章第一段最后一句話Apreviousgenerationmighthavewalkedaroundthefallentreesandlookedbothwaysbeforecrossingthestreet,butthechildrenofthisgenerationclearlyliveinamuchmoredangerousworld,andweneedtoprotectthem.（前面一代人可能會(huì)走過大樹倒地的街道，然后在穿過馬路的時(shí)候看看兩邊會(huì)不會(huì)有車，但是這一代年輕人顯然生活在一個(gè)更危險(xiǎn)的世界，我們需要提供保護(hù)）以及最后一段第一句話LifeisfarsaferandlastsmuchlongerfortheaverageAmericanthaniteverhasforjustaboutanybodyatanyothertimeinhumanhistory.（我們生活在更加安全的世界并且對(duì)于普通美國人來說，我們會(huì)比人類歷史上任何時(shí)代里的任何人都要活的更久。），這兩句話相對(duì)應(yīng)我們就可以知道并不是B選項(xiàng)“以前人們生活的時(shí)代更加愜意”，也不是C選項(xiàng)“他們更懂得保護(hù)自己或更懂得避險(xiǎn)”，而是以前的人們不那么在意風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的存在。所以答案是D選項(xiàng)“街道更加安全，行人可以更加放心地通過”。A選項(xiàng)“我們的前一代人更知道怎么避險(xiǎn)”文章沒有提及。

第3題:主旨大意題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“inthepast”定位到文章第三段最后兩句話“Ifyoulookaroundyourneighborhood,you’llnoticethatthewaterisclean—whichitwouldn’tnecessarilyhavebeen100yearsago—andthatthefoodisn’trottenorstale.Mostchildrenaren’tdyingyoung.Mostadultsaren’tdyinginmiddleage.（環(huán)顧四周，你會(huì)注意到水是清澈的——這在一百年前是不可能的，食物是新鮮的。大部分孩子不會(huì)夭折。很多成年人也不會(huì)在壯年的時(shí)候去世）”在過去——食物可能不新鮮，水也不會(huì)比現(xiàn)在清澈，所以B選項(xiàng)“水不那么清澈新鮮”正確，C“食物更加可口”錯(cuò)誤；A選項(xiàng)“生活更加愜意”文中并沒有提及所以排除；根據(jù)最后一段第一句話LifeisfarsaferandlastsmuchlongerfortheaverageAmericanthaniteverhasforjustaboutanybodyatanyothertimeinhumanhistory.（我們生活在更加安全的世界并且對(duì)于普通美國人來說，我們會(huì)比人類歷史上任何時(shí)代里的任何人都要活的更久。），D選項(xiàng)“過去的街道會(huì)比現(xiàn)在的要安全”這種說法文章中沒有提及。

第4題:推理判斷題。由題干，我們定位到文章第二段第二，三，四句話Itisafact,forexample,thatpeoplefearman-madedisasters(terrorism)farmorethantheyfearnaturaldisasters(hurricanes,snowstorms),evenwhenthelatteraremoredangerous.Equallyillogical,peoplearealsomoreafraidofthingstheydonotcontrol,whichiswhydrivingacardoesfeelsaferthanflyinginanairplane.Finally—althoughIhavenoproof—peoplearedisproportionatelyfrightenedbythingstheyreadaboutinthenewspaper.（這是事實(shí)，例如，人們對(duì)人為災(zāi)害（恐怖主義）的恐懼遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過對(duì)自然災(zāi)害（颶風(fēng)、暴風(fēng)雪）的恐懼，即使后者更為危險(xiǎn)。同樣不合邏輯的是，人們也更害怕他們無法控制的東西，這就是為什么開車確實(shí)感覺比坐飛機(jī)更安全。最后——盡管我沒有證據(jù)——人們會(huì)被報(bào)紙上讀到的東西嚇壞。）從文章中的illogical（不符合邏輯的），disproportionately（不成比例的）兩個(gè)詞可知，作者認(rèn)為人們對(duì)危險(xiǎn)的反應(yīng)有點(diǎn)過激，其實(shí)沒有充足的理由來害怕這些，所以A選項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)在人們對(duì)危險(xiǎn)的反應(yīng)過激”正確，B選項(xiàng)“人們有充足的理由害怕這些”錯(cuò)誤；C選項(xiàng)“在飛機(jī)失事后乘飛機(jī)出行變得更加危險(xiǎn)”，飛機(jī)失事的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)并不會(huì)因?yàn)槌霈F(xiàn)了事故而增加或者降低，出現(xiàn)事故后增加的只是人們的憂慮；根據(jù)最后一段第一句話LifeisfarsaferandlastsmuchlongerfortheaverageAmericanthaniteverhasforjustaboutanybodyatanyothertimeinhumanhistory.（我們生活在更加安全的世界并且對(duì)于普通美國人來說，我們會(huì)比人類歷史上任何時(shí)代里的任何人都要活的更久。），作者是認(rèn)為世界更加安全的，所以孩子不需要額外增加保護(hù)的，D選項(xiàng)“孩子們應(yīng)該更好的保護(hù)起來從而對(duì)抗風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”錯(cuò)誤。

第5題:觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。A選項(xiàng)“抱怨”；B選項(xiàng)“壓抑”；C選項(xiàng)“真實(shí)”；D選項(xiàng)“諷刺”。根據(jù)題意我們定位到文章第一段最后第一句話butthechildrenofthisgenerationclearlyliveinamuchmoredangerousworld,andweneedtoprotectthem.（但這一代的孩子顯然生活在一個(gè)更加危險(xiǎn)的世界里，我們需要保護(hù)他們）和最后一段第一句話LifeisfarsaferandlastsmuchlongerfortheaverageAmericanthaniteverhasforjustaboutanybodyatanyothertimeinhumanhistory.（我們生活在更加安全的世界并且對(duì)于普通美國人來說，我們會(huì)比人類歷史上任何時(shí)代里的任何人都要活的更久。）這里對(duì)比，如果按照正常的邏輯考慮，作者的話是前后矛盾的，所以作者的語氣是諷刺的，答案選D。

13.單選題

Adynamiceconomyisfoundedonthe（）ofentrepreneurs,whichisrewardedbyprofit.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.perspiration

B.desperation

C.respiration

D.aspiration

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。perspiration“汗水，努力”；desperation“絕望的境地，不顧一切拼命”；respiration“呼吸”；aspiration“渴望，抱負(fù)”。句意：一個(gè)充滿活力的經(jīng)濟(jì)是建立在企業(yè)家的抱負(fù)之上的，而這是通過利潤來回報(bào)的。選項(xiàng)D更符合語境。

14.單選題

WithanewCongressdrawingnear,DemocratsandRepublicansarebusilydesigningcompetingeconomicstimuluspackages.TheRepublicansaresuretooffertaxcuts,theDemocrats-amongotherthings—financialreliefforthestates.Thereisonemeasure,however,thatwouldprovidenotonlyanimmediateboosttotheeconomybutalsoimmediaterelieftothosemostinneed:acarefullycraftedextensionofthefederalunemploymentinsuranceprogram.TheSenateapprovedsuchanextensionbeforeitadjournedinNovember.TheHouseofRepresentativesrefusedtogoalong.Itwasamongthegreatestfailuresofthe107thCongress.

Oneconsequenceisthatjoblessbenefitsforanestimated780,000Americanswillabruptlystop.Tomorrow,eventhoughmostrecipientshavenotyetexhaustedtheirbenefits.PresidentBushfailedtoshowanyleadershiponthismatterduringtheNovemberCongress.Later,hefinallyaskedCongresstoextendtheprogramfortheseworkersandtomakethebenefitseffectivefromDec.28.

That’snotenough.Thewayunemploymentinsurancetypicallyworksisthatstatesprovidelaid-offworkerswith26weeksofbenefits,followedby13weeksoffederalaid.UnderMr.Bush’sscheme,federalbenefitswouldbeextendedonlyforthosewhowerealreadyreceivingthemonDec.28.Theextensionwouldnotcoverthejoblessworkerswhowillexhausttheirregularstate-fun